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Song A, Li T, Ding X, Wu M, Wang R. TSE-GAN: strain elastography using generative adversarial network for thyroid disease diagnosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1330713. [PMID: 38361791 PMCID: PMC10867782 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1330713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 35 years, studies conducted worldwide have revealed a threefold increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. Strain elastography is a new imaging technique to identify benign and malignant thyroid nodules due to its sensitivity to tissue stiffness. However, there are certain limitations of this technique, particularly in terms of standardization of the compression process, evaluation of results and several assumptions used in commercial strain elastography modes for the purpose of simplifying imaging analysis. In this work, we propose a novel conditional generative adversarial network (TSE-GAN) for automatically generating thyroid strain elastograms, which adopts a global-to-local architecture to improve the ability of extracting multi-scale features and develops an adaptive deformable U-net structure in the sub-generator to apply effective deformation. Furthermore, we introduce a Lab-based loss function to induce the networks to generate realistic thyroid elastograms that conform to the probability distribution of the target domain. Qualitative and quantitative assessments are conducted on a clinical dataset provided by Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital. Experimental results demonstrate that thyroid elastograms generated by the proposed TSE-GAN outperform state-of-the-art image translation methods in meeting the needs of clinical diagnostic applications and providing practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Song
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehai Ding
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingye Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kreager BC, Wu H, Chang WY, Moon S, Mitchell J, Peng C, Huang CC, Muller M, Tian J, Jiang X. High-Performance PMN-PT Single-Crystal-Based 1-3 Composite Transducer Integrated with a Biopsy Needle. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:74. [PMID: 38391993 PMCID: PMC10887013 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
To address the need for high-resolution imaging in lung nodule detection and overcome the limitations of the shallow imaging depth associated with high-frequency ultrasound and the complex structure of lung tissue, we successfully integrated 50 MHz ultrasound transducers with 18-gauge biopsy needles. Featuring a miniaturized size of 0.6 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm3, the 50 MHz micromachined 1-3 composite transducer was tested to perform mechanical scanning of a nodule within a lung-tissue-mimicking phantom in vitro. The high-frequency transducer demonstrated the ability to achieve imaging with an axial resolution of 30 μm for measuring nodule edges. Moreover, the integrated biopsy needle prototype exhibited high accuracy (1.74% discrepancy) in estimating nodule area compared to actual dimensions in vitro. These results underscore the promising potential of biopsy-needle-integrated transducers in enhancing the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Kreager
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.C.K.); (H.W.); (S.M.); (J.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Huaiyu Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.C.K.); (H.W.); (S.M.); (J.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Wei-Yi Chang
- CTS Advanced Materials, 4925 Indiana Ave, Lisle, IL 604532, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Sunho Moon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.C.K.); (H.W.); (S.M.); (J.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Josh Mitchell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.C.K.); (H.W.); (S.M.); (J.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China;
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Marie Muller
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.C.K.); (H.W.); (S.M.); (J.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Jian Tian
- CTS Advanced Materials, 4925 Indiana Ave, Lisle, IL 604532, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.C.K.); (H.W.); (S.M.); (J.M.); (M.M.)
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Su X, Yue C, Yang W, Ma B. A comparative analysis of core needle biopsy and repeat fine needle aspiration in patients with inconclusive initial cytology of thyroid nodules. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1309005. [PMID: 38356956 PMCID: PMC10865505 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1309005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess and compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) in comparison to repeat fine-needle aspiration(rFNA) for thyroid nodules that yield inconclusive results following the initial fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Methods A cohort of 471 patients who received an inconclusive cytological diagnosis following the initial FNA were included in this study. These patients subsequently underwent either CNB (n=242) or rFNA (n=229). The inconclusive FNA results encompassed categories I, III, and IV of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology(TBSRTC), as well as the ultrasound images indicating malignancy despite FNA results falling under TBSRTC category II. This study assessed the sampling satisfaction rate, diagnostic efficacy, and complications associated with CNB compared to rFNA. Additionally, the impact of repeat puncture time and nodule size on diagnostic efficacy was analyzed. Results Following repeat punctures, the satisfaction rate of the CNB sampling was found to be significantly higher than that of rFNA (83.9% vs 66.8%). The diagnostic rate in the CNB group was significantly greater compared to that of the rFNA group (70.7% vs 35.8%). In patients with nodule maximum diameters ranging from 5 mm to 20 mm, the diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher in the CNB group compared to that in the rFNA group. In patients with intervals less than 90 days, between 90 days and one year, the diagnostic rate in the CNB group was found to be higher compared to that in the rFNA group. In CNB, not immediately adjacent to the capsule was a risk factor for nodular puncture bleeding (37.0% vs 22.7%.). Conclusion CNB demonstrated higher rates of satisfaction and diagnosis compared to the rFNA. The diagnostic effectiveness of CNB was not influenced by the time interval or the size of the thyroid nodule. Therefore, in cases where the initial FNA diagnosis of thyroid nodules is inconclusive, CNB should be considered as a viable option for re-puncture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Buyun Ma
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chen CN, Yang TL. Histology-based and cytology-based needle sampling for targeted next-generation sequencing in the indeterminate thyroid tumors. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023:10.1007/s00405-023-07947-5. [PMID: 37097467 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish the optimal and minimally invasive diagnostic approach for targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the indeterminate thyroid tumors. METHODS The patients with indeterminate thyroid tumors were prospectively recruited and analyzed in a single tertiary medical center. We performed FNA and core needle biopsy (CNB) at the surgical specimens to confirm the quality of each sampling procedure. Cytological diagnosis by FNA, histological diagnosis by CNB and confirmed diagnosis by final surgery were compared to demonstrate the agreement among these approaches for the indeterminate thyroid tumors. The quality of the samples from FNA and CNB was evaluated, respectively to determine the optimal approach for targeted NGS. Finally, we performed ultrasound-guided CNB and FNA (US-CNB and US-FNA) on one case to confirm the clinical feasibility of being a pre-operative minimally invasive diagnostic approach. RESULTS A total of 6 female patients (average age: 50.83 ± 15.18 years) with indeterminate thyroid tumors (average size: 1.79 ± 0.91 cm) were recruited for further analyses. The pathological diagnoses could be obtained by CNB in the first five cases, and the sample quality of CNB for targeted NGS was better than that of FNA, even after 10X dilution. The gene mutations associated with thyroid malignancy could be detected by NGS. In the case treated with US-CNB, the pathological and targeted NGS results were successfully obtained, which suggested the possibility of thyroid malignancy to facilitate immediate decision of subsequent treatment. CONCLUSION CNB could serve as a minimally invasive diagnostic approach in the indeterminate thyroid tumors by providing pathological diagnoses and qualified samples for detection of mutated genes, which facilitates appropriate and immediate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, #1, Sec. 1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, #1, Sec. 1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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NKD2 is correlated with the occurrence, progression and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:235. [PMID: 36348408 PMCID: PMC9641892 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is the most prevalent type of tumor in endocrine system. NKD2 has been increasingly evidenced to play crucial roles in many cancers, except for THCA. We herein aimed to explore the potential role of NKD2 in THCA. Methods Totally 502 THCA patient data were downloaded from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier method. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to obtain significant functional pathways. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to determine the NKD2 expression differences among various groups. The NKD2 expression was validated in cell lines and tissue microarray. Results Significantly higher NKD2 expression was observed in THCA samples compared with adjacent samples, which were successfully verified in cell lines and tissue microarray. Moreover, NKD2 expression gradually elevated along with the increase of TNM Stage, and NKD2 expression was significantly higher in elder THCA patients compared with young patients. NKD2 highly expressed THCA patients had worse prognosis compared with NKD2 low-expressed patients. Furthermore, 53 pathways were significantly activated in the high NKD2 expression patients compared with low NKD2 expression THCA patients. Conclusions In summary, high NKD2 expression was probably related to the progression and poor prognosis of THCA. NKD2 is a promising prognostic biomarker and pathogenic target of THCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-022-00853-2.
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Elaggan A, Mostafa A, Albdair R, Almarshedi R, Aljohani A, Alshammari Z. The Value of Ultrasonography Using Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADS) in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer Among the Population of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e27437. [PMID: 36051744 PMCID: PMC9420453 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is one of the common malignant conditions of the head and neck region, and it is considered as one of the most common cancers among endocrine tumors. Ultrasonography is widely used in order to assess thyroid nodules, Therefore, the aim of our study is to determine the accuracy of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)-guided by ultrasonography in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy among the population in the Ha'il region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 137 patients was undertaken at King Salman Specialist Hospital, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Patients who presented with thyroid swellings underwent ultrasonography and FNAB. Result: Our study results have concluded that the sensitivity of the ultrasonography in the confirmation of a malignant thyroid lesion is 59.4% and its specificity was found to be 74.3%. Conclusion: The study showed that ultrasonography using Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADS) is a significant step in evaluating a thyroid nodule. Also, it is highly sensitive and specific, cost-effective, and convenient for the patient.
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Wei X, Wang Y, Ge L, Peng B, He Q, Wang R, Huang L, Xu Y, Luo J. Unsupervised Convolutional Neural Network for Motion Estimation in Ultrasound Elastography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:2236-2247. [PMID: 35500076 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3171676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-quality motion estimation is essential for ultrasound elastography (USE). Traditional motion estimation algorithms based on speckle tracking such as normalized cross correlation (NCC) or regularization such as global ultrasound elastography (GLUE) are time-consuming. In order to reduce the computational cost and ensure the accuracy of motion estimation, many convolutional neural networks have been introduced into USE. Most of these networks such as radio-frequency modified pyramid, warping and cost volume network (RFMPWC-Net) are supervised and need many ground truths as labels in network training. However, the ground truths are laborious to collect for USE. In this study, we proposed a MaskFlownet-based unsupervised convolutional neural network (MF-UCNN) for fast and high-quality motion estimation in USE. The inputs to MF-UCNN are the concatenation of RF, envelope, and B-mode images before and after deformation, while the outputs are the axial and lateral displacement fields. The similarity between the predeformed image and the warped image (i.e., the postdeformed image compensated by the estimated displacement fields) and the smoothness of the estimated displacement fields were incorporated in the loss function. The network was compared with modified pyramid, warping and cost volume network (MPWC-Net)++, RFMPWC-Net, GLUE, and NCC. Results of simulations, breast phantom, and in vivo experiments show that MF-UCNN obtains higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and higher contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). MF-UCNN achieves high-quality motion estimation with significantly reduced computation time. It is unsupervised and does not need any ground truths as labels in the training, and, thus, has great potential for motion estimation in USE.
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Kwon H, Lee J, Hong SW, Kwon HJ, Kwak JY, Yoon JH. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology vs. Core Needle Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules: A Prospective, Experimental Study Using Surgical Specimen. TAEHAN YONGSANG UIHAKHOE CHI 2022; 83:645-657. [PMID: 36238513 PMCID: PMC9514511 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2021.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the diagnostic outcomes of ultrasonography (US)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) performed on the same thyroid nodule using a surgical specimen for direct comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 89 thyroid nodules from 88 patients from February 2015 to January 2016. The inclusion criterion was thyroid nodules measuring ≥ 20 mm (mean size: 40.0 ± 15.3 mm). Immediately after surgical resection, FNA and subsequent CNB were performed on the surgical specimen under US guidance. FNA and CNB cytopathologic results on the specimen were compared with the surgical diagnosis. RESULTS Among the 89 nodules, 30 were malignant and 59 were benign. Significantly higher inconclusive rates were seen in FNA for malignant than benign nodules (80.0% vs. 39.0%, p < 0.001). For CNB, conclusive and inconclusive rates did not differ between benign and malignant nodules (p = 0.796). Higher inconclusive rates were seen for FNA among cancers regardless of US features, and in the subgroup of size ≥ 40 mm (62.5% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.028). Eleven cancers were diagnosed with CNB (36.7%, 11/30), while none was diagnosed using FNA. CONCLUSION In this experimental study using surgical specimens, CNB showed a potential to provide improved diagnostic sensitivity for thyroid cancer, especially when a conclusive diagnosis is limited with FNA.
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Clinicopathological and Molecular Features of Secondary Cancer (Metastasis) to the Thyroid and Advances in Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063242. [PMID: 35328664 PMCID: PMC8955551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary tumours to the thyroid gland are uncommon and often incidentally discovered on imaging. Symptomatic patients often present with a neck mass. Collision tumours of secondary tumours and primary thyroid neoplasms do occur. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration, core-needle biopsy, and surgical resection with histological and immunohistochemical analysis are employed to confirm diagnosis as well as for applying molecular studies to identify candidates for targeted therapy. Biopsy at the metastatic site can identify mutations (such as EGFR, K-Ras, VHL) and translocations (such as EML4-ALK fusion) important in planning target therapies. Patients with advanced-stage primary cancers, widespread dissemination, or unknown primary origin often have a poor prognosis. Those with isolated metastasis to the thyroid have better survival outcomes and are more likely to undergo thyroid resection. Systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, are often used as adjuvant treatment post-operatively or in patients with disseminated disease. New targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown success in reported cases. A tailored treatment plan based on primary tumour features, overall cancer burden, and co-morbidities is imperative. To conclude, secondary cancer to the thyroid is uncommon, and awareness of the updates on diagnosis and management is needed.
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Kim JY, Chang S, Kwon AY, Park EY, Kim TH, Choi S, Lee M, Oh YL. Core needle biopsy and ultrasonography are superior to fine needle aspiration in the management of follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas. Endocrine 2022; 75:437-446. [PMID: 34505274 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is a problematic entity. FVPTCs are often misdiagnosed by the standard fine needle aspiration (FNA); in addition, FVPTCs represent a mixed group of tumors with two biologically distinct subtypes: The indolent encapsulated FVPTC and the aggressive infiltrative FVPTC. Recent changes in guidelines suggests that FVPTC management may be improved if subtypes can be determined preoperatively. Preoperative assays, FNA, core needle biopsy (CNB), and ultrasonography (US) were compared for their ability to identify and subtype FVPTCs to determine the most appropriate test to manage FVPTCs. METHODS The preoperative assays and clinicopathologic variables of 255 resected FVPTCs cases at Samsung Medical Center between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS CNB had the overall best ability to manage FVPTCs with the highest rate of diagnosis indicating surgery, lowest rate of inconclusive results, high sensitivity (88.9%), specificity (87.7%), negative predictive value (97.0%), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR; 56.9), and excellent predictive ability (AUC 0.906) for differentiating FVPTC subtypes. US had a moderate DOR (12.8), good predictive ability (AUC 0.802), high sensitivity (75.0%) and specificity (81.0%). CNB and US both had significantly higher accuracy for discriminating FVPTC subtypes than FNA (AUC 0.908 and 0.877 > 0.671; p < 0.05). The excellent performance of CNB could be attributed to distinct histologic differences between FVPTC subtypes. CONCLUSION CNB and US had superior performance to FNA in the identification and subtyping of FVPTC. In institutions with skilled and experienced operators, CNB is the preferred method for evaluating possible FVPTC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Chang
- Department of Pathology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Team, Research Core Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjoon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forensic Medicine Investigation Division, Seoul Institute National Forensic Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bernet VJ, Chindris AM. Update on the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:13S-19S. [PMID: 34230067 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.246025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid nodules (TN) are prevalent in the general population and represent a common complaint in clinical practice. Most are asymptomatic and are associated with a 7%-15% risk of malignancy (1). Methods: PubMed and Medline were searched for articles with a focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of TN over the past 5 y. Results: The increase in frequency of imaging has led to a rise in the incidence of incidentally diagnosed TN. The initial evaluation of a TN includes assessing thyroid function, clinical risk factors, and neck imaging. Ultrasound remains the gold standard for assessing TN morphology, and biopsy is the standard method for determining whether a TN is benign. Recently published risk stratification systems using morphologic characteristics on ultrasonography have been effective in reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies. Advances in molecular testing have reduced the number of surgical procedures performed for diagnostic purposes on asymptomatic TN with indeterminate cytology. Scintigraphy is the first-line study for assessing a hyperfunctioning nodule. Many TN can be followed clinically or with serial ultrasound after the initial diagnosis. Surgical intervention is warranted when local symptoms are present, in patients with clinical risk factors, as well as in most situations with malignant cytology. Active surveillance is an option in cases of micropapillary thyroid cancer. Emerging nonsurgical approaches for treating TN include ethanol ablation for TN; sclerotherapy for thyroid cysts; and thermal techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation, laser ablation, microwaves, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. Conclusion: Most TN are benign and can be safely monitored. The indications for biopsy and frequency of imaging should be tailored on the basis of risk stratification. Treatment options should be individualized for each patient's particular situation. Active surveillance should be considered in certain cases of papillary microcarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Bernet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ana-Maria Chindris
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
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Kondrotienė A, Daukša A, Pamedytytė D, Kazokaitė M, Žvirblienė A, Daukšienė D, Simanavičienė V, Klimaitė R, Golubickaitė I, Stakaitis R, Šarauskas V, Verkauskienė R, Žilaitienė B. Plasma-Derived miRNA-222 as a Candidate Marker for Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176445. [PMID: 32899424 PMCID: PMC7503340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed five miRNA molecules (miR-221; miR-222; miR-146b; miR-21; miR-181b) in the plasma of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), nodular goiter (NG) and healthy controls (HC) and evaluated their diagnostic value for differentiation of PTC from NG and HC. Preoperative PTC plasma miRNA expression (n = 49) was compared with plasma miRNA in the HC group (n = 57) and patients with NG (n = 23). It was demonstrated that miR-221; miR-222; miR-146b; miR-21 and miR-181b were overexpressed in preoperative PTC plasma samples compared to HC (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p < 0.002; respectively). The upregulation in tumor tissue of these miRNAs was consistent with The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Carcinoma dataset. A significant decrease in miR-21; miR-221; miR-146b and miR-181b expression was observed in the plasma of PTC patients after total thyroidectomy (p = 0.004; p = 0.001; p = 0.03; p = 0.036; respectively). The levels of miR-222 were significantly higher in the preoperative PTC compared to the NG group (p = 0.004). ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis revealed miR-222 as a potential marker in distinguishing PTC from NG (AUC 0.711; p = 0.004). In conclusion; circulating miR-222 profiles might be useful in discriminating PTC from NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aistė Kondrotienė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.K.); (D.D.); (R.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Albertas Daukša
- Institute of Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Daina Pamedytytė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.P.); (A.Ž.); (V.S.)
| | - Mintautė Kazokaitė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.K.); (D.D.); (R.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Aurelija Žvirblienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.P.); (A.Ž.); (V.S.)
| | - Dalia Daukšienė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.K.); (D.D.); (R.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Vaida Simanavičienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.P.); (A.Ž.); (V.S.)
| | - Raimonda Klimaitė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.K.); (D.D.); (R.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Ieva Golubickaitė
- Institute of Biology systems and genetic research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Rytis Stakaitis
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Valdas Šarauskas
- Department of Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Verkauskienė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.K.); (D.D.); (R.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Birutė Žilaitienė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.K.); (D.D.); (R.K.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-68649882
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13
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Ren J, Baek JH, Chung SR, Choi YJ, Jung CK, Lee JH. Degenerating Thyroid Nodules: Ultrasound Diagnosis, Clinical Significance, and Management. Korean J Radiol 2020; 20:947-955. [PMID: 31132820 PMCID: PMC6536787 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerating nodules (DNs), which primarily manifest as benign thyroid nodules, are one of the main causes of discordance in ultrasonography (US) and cytological assessments. Intranodular hemorrhage is one of the mechanisms contributing to discordant nodules, and an impaired blood supply may explain further DN shrinkage and infarction. The surgical specimens can be divided into acute and chronic stages based on the histological changes, which usually mimic the US features of malignant tumors. Serial US follow-up should be recommended instead of other unnecessary procedures. However, repeated fine-needle aspiration, diagnostic surgery, or core-needle biopsy may still be necessary for indeterminable or highly suspicious DNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jung Hwan Baek
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sae Rom Chung
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Hahn SY, Shin JH, Oh YL, Park KW, Lim Y. Comparison Between Fine Needle Aspiration and Core Needle Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules: Effective Indications According to US Findings. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4969. [PMID: 32188891 PMCID: PMC7080804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are initially handled by fine needle aspiration (FNA). However, the stance of thyroid core needle biopsy (CNB) still is a challenge. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performances and conclusive rates of FNA and CNB for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and to define effective indications of CNB. This retrospective study enrolled 1,060 consecutive thyroid nodules in 1,037 patients who underwent FNA from January 2008 to May 2008, and 462 consecutive nodules in 453 patients who underwent CNB from January 2014 to December 2015 at our institution. Ultrasound (US) features were classified according to the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) and Korean TIRADS (K-TIRADS). We compared diagnostic performances and conclusive rates between FNA and CNB groups. Propensity score matching was conducted to match FNA patients with CNB patients. After matching, the diagnostic performances for selecting surgical candidates and predicting malignancy were comparable between the two biopsy groups. Based on US findings, conclusive results were obtained significantly more in CNB than in FNA when thyroid nodules were classified as ACR TI-RADS or K-TIRADS category 4 and measured larger than 2 cm. Diagnostic performances between FNA and CNB were comparable. Superiority of CNB to FNA was found for thyroid nodules larger than 2 cm and classified as ACR TI-RADS or K-TIRADS category 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Hahn
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Shin
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ko Woon Park
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaeji Lim
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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Shin I, Kim EK, Moon HJ, Yoon JH, Park VY, Lee SE, Lee HS, Kwak JY. Core-Needle Biopsy Does Not Show Superior Diagnostic Performance to Fine-Needle Aspiration for Diagnosing Thyroid Nodules. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:161-168. [PMID: 31997625 PMCID: PMC6992459 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the diagnostic performances of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core-needle biopsy (CNB) for thyroid nodules according to nodule size. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 320 thyroid nodules from 320 patients who underwent both FNA and CNB at outside clinics and proceeded with surgery in our institution between July 2012 and May 2019. According to nodule size, the diagnostic performances of FNA and CNB were calculated using various combinations of test-negatives and test-positives defined by the Bethesda categories and were compared using the generalized estimated equation and the Delong method. RESULTS There were 279 malignant nodules in 279 patients and 41 benign nodules in 41 patients. The diagnostic performance of FNA was mostly not different from CNB regardless of nodule size, except for negative predictive value, which was better for FNA than CNB when applying Criteria 1 and 2. When applying Criteria 3, the specificity and positive predictive value of FNA were superior to CNB regardless of size. When applying Criteria 4, diagnostic performance did not differ between FNA and CNB regardless of size. After applying Criteria 5, diagnostic performance did not differ between FNA and CNB in nodules ≥2 cm. However, in nodules ≥1 cm and all nodules, the sensitivity, accuracy, and negative predictive value of CNB were better than those of FNA. CONCLUSION CNB did not show superior diagnostic performance to FNA for diagnosing thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilah Shin
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vivian Youngjean Park
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Eun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kwak
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ultrasonography-Guided Core Needle Biopsy Did Not Reduce Diagnostic Lobectomy for Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed as Atypia of Undetermined Significance/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance. Ultrasound Q 2019; 35:253-258. [DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Jin Kim H, Koon Kim Y, Hoon Moon J, Young Choi J, Il Choi S. Thyroid core needle biopsy: patients' pain and satisfaction compared to fine needle aspiration. Endocrine 2019; 65:365-370. [PMID: 31203562 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare patients' pain and satisfaction of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) for a thyroid nodule. METHODS We consecutively enrolled patients with thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasound-guided FNA or CNB in our institution. The patients answered a questionnaire about pain scores during the procedure, immediately after the procedure and 20 min after the procedure, and any complication after the biopsy. Through a phone interview which was conducted 2 weeks after the procedure, a researcher asked the patients about residual pain and overall subjective satisfaction score about the procedures. Patients were also asked to report any complication or complaint after the procedures on the phone interview. RESULTS The 167 patients who had undergone thyroid FNA (n = 87) or CNB (n = 80) were included. The pain scores were not significantly different between the two groups during the procedure and after the procedure. Overall satisfaction scores after 2 weeks were not different, either. There was no acute or delayed major complication in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Differences regarding patients' pain and satisfaction scores between CNB and FNA were not demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeo Koon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - June Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang Il Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Li J, Wang Q, Wang L, Wang J, Wang D, Xin Z, Liu Y, Zhao Q. Diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration combined with ultrasound for thyroid cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2316-2321. [PMID: 31402937 PMCID: PMC6676711 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) combined with ultrasound for thyroid cancer was evaluated. A retrospective analysis was performed on the preoperative FNA and ultrasound data of 165 thyroid nodule patients, were divided into group A (≤1 cm group) and group B (>1 cm group) based on the maximum diameter line of the thyroid nodule. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FNA, ultrasound and FNA combined with ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer were analyzed and compared. In group A (≤1 cm group), the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FNA in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer were 93.33, 71.43, 91.04, 96.55 and 55.56%, respectively, those of ultrasound were 86.67, 28.57, 80.60, 91.23 and 20%, respectively, and those of FNA combined with ultrasound were 100, 28.57, 92.54, 92.6 and 100%, respectively, with statistically significant differences in the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value between FNA, ultrasound and FNA combined with ultrasound (P<0.05). In group B, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FNA in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer were 100, 54.55, 94.90, 94.57 and 100%, respectively, those of ultrasound were 96.55, 72.73, 93.88, 96.55 and 72.73%, respectively, and those of FNA combined with ultrasound were 100, 63.64, 97.96, 95.92 and 100%, respectively, without statistically significant differences in the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value between FNA, ultrasound and FNA combined with ultrasound (P>0.05). FNA combined with ultrasound significantly improved the sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of the thyroid nodule in group A, but it did not significantly improve the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of the thyroid nodule in group B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Special Inspection, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Dongxiao Wang
- Department of Special Inspection, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqin Xin
- Department of Ultrasound, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Special Inspection, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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Lee HJ, Kim YJ, Han HY, Seo JY, Hwang CM, Kim K. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of large thyroid nodules: Core needle biopsy yields more reliable results than fine needle aspiration. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2019; 47:255-260. [PMID: 30820986 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare the false negative rate, sensitivity and false positive rate of ultrasound (US)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) with those of US-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) for large thyroid nodules ≥2.0 cm, which reportedly have an increased risk of thyroid malignancy. METHODS We retrospectively studied surgically confirmed thyroid nodules that had preoperative US-guided FNA or CNB between March 2005 and December 2013. We reviewed nodule size, sonographic features, cytohistologic results, and final surgical pathology. We assessed false negative rates, sensitivity, and false positive rates by biopsy method and nodule size for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. We assessed complications for procedures. RESULTS US-guided CNB showed better diagnostic performance, in terms of lower false negative rates and greater sensitivity, than US-guided FNA in large thyroid nodules. There was no significant difference in false positive rate according to biopsy methods in large thyroid nodules. The false negative rates of large thyroid nodules (≥2.0 cm) were higher than those of small nodules (<2.0 cm). There were no major complications, and no significant differences in complication according to biopsy methods. CONCLUSION US-guided CNB improved the false negative rate and sensitivity for large nodules. Therefore, US-guided CNB can be considered a useful diagnostic method for large thyroid nodules that might reduce the risk of unnecessary diagnostic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Han
- Department of Radiology, Daejeon Sun Medical Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Seo
- Department of Radiology, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Mog Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - KeumWon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Bernardi S, Michelli A, Bonazza D, Calabrò V, Zanconati F, Pozzato G, Fabris B. Usefulness of core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of thyroid Burkitt's lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:86. [PMID: 30453922 PMCID: PMC6245622 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid lymphomas are an exceptional finding in patients with thyroid nodules. Burkitt's lymphoma is one of the rarest and most aggressive forms of thyroid lymphomas, and its prognosis depends on the earliness of medical treatment. Given the rarity of this disease, making a prompt diagnosis can be challenging. For instance, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, which is the first-line diagnostic test that is performed in patients with thyroid nodules, is often not diagnostic in cases of thyroid lymphomas, with subsequent delay of the start of therapy. CASE PRESENTATION Here we report the case of a 52-year-old woman presenting with a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass. Thyroid ultrasonography demonstrated a solid hypoechoic nodule. FNA cytology was only suggestive of a lymphoproliferative disorder and did not provide a definitive diagnosis. It is core needle biopsy (CNB) that helped us to overcome the limitations of routine FNA cytology, showing the presence of thyroid Burkitt's lymphoma. Subsequent staging demonstrated bone marrow involvement. The early start of an intensive multi-agent chemotherapy resulted in complete disease remission. At 60 months after the diagnosis, the patient is alive and has not had any recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware that thyroid Burkitt's lymphoma is an aggressive disease that needs to be treated with multi-agent chemotherapy as soon as possible. To diagnose it promptly, they should consider to order/perform a CNB in any patient with a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass that is suspicious for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bernardi
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit - Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Michelli
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Pathology Unit - Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Veronica Calabrò
- Endocrinology Unit - Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Pathology Unit - Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Haematology Unit - Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruno Fabris
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit - Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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21
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Ahn HS, Seo M, Ha SM, Kim HS. Comparison of the Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy With 18- Versus 20-Gauge Needles for Thyroid Nodules. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:2565-2574. [PMID: 29575135 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the diagnostic efficacy, complication rate, and core needle biopsy (CNB) specimen yield in 18- versus 20-gauge ultrasound (US)-guided CNB for diagnosis of thyroid nodules. METHODS We included 81 consecutive thyroid nodules with US-guided biopsy by a 20-gauge core needle and 86 consecutive thyroid nodules with US-guided biopsy by an 18-gauge core needle during 2 years. The rate of inconclusive results, including nondiagnostic or atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, was compared. The diagnostic performance for malignancy was assessed in nodules with a final diagnosis. The complication rate and CNB specimen yield were also compared. RESULTS Eighteen-gauge CNB showed a lower rate of nondiagnostic results (1.2% versus 8.6%; P = .024) than 20-gauge CNB; however, the rates of atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance and inconclusive results were not significantly different between the groups (P > .05). In addition, 18-gauge CNB showed higher sensitivity (75.0% versus 66.7%), a higher negative predictive value (83.9% versus 75.9%), and higher accuracy (78.3% versus 74.4%) for detecting malignancy than 20-gauge CNB, although the results did not achieve statistical significance. No major complications occurred in either of the CNB groups. The 18-gauge needle group had significantly fewer CNBs and larger specimen diameters (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Core needle biopsy with an 18-gauge needle could be more effective for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules than CNB with a 20-gauge needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Shin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirinae Seo
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Min Ha
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Choe J, Baek JH, Park HS, Choi YJ, Lee JH. Core needle biopsy of thyroid nodules: outcomes and safety from a large single-center single-operator study. Acta Radiol 2018; 59:924-931. [PMID: 29137498 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117741916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background There currently remains a debate over the use of core needle biopsy (CNB) or fine needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnosis of thyroid nodules. The major drawbacks of previous CNB studies include heterogeneity of the study population, variable techniques, devices, and operator experience affecting the outcome of the procedure. Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance and safety of CNB of thyroid nodules performed by a single experienced operator in consecutive patients. Material and Methods From January 2012 to December 2012, 538 thyroid nodules that underwent CNB were retrospectively evaluated. All CNB procedures were performed by a single operator with 18 years of experience. The histopathology of the surgical specimens was considered as the standard reference for malignancy. A final diagnosis of benignity was made by surgery, one benign lesion on FNA and/or CNB with no change on follow-up examinations (>1 year) or benign lesion on ≥2 FNA and/or CNB. The diagnostic performance, incidence of technical failure, unnecessary surgery, and complication were evaluated. Results The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CNB for malignancy were 92.0%, 85.3%, and 100%, respectively. The non-diagnostic result rate of CNB was 4.8% (26/538) and the inconclusive result rate was 24.3% (131/538). The incidence of technical failure was 0.6% (3/541) and unnecessary surgery was 0.6%. The complication rate was 0.2%, without life-threatening complications. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 85.3% (156/183), 100.0% (154/154), and 92.0% (310/337), respectively. Conclusion CNB shows a high diagnostic performance for detection of thyroid malignancy and follicular neoplasm, with low rates of technical failure and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooae Choe
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Baek
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Choi
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Farrokhi Yekta R, Arefi Oskouie A, Rezaei Tavirani M, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Soroush AR. Decreased apolipoprotein A4 and increased complement component 3 as potential markers for papillary thyroid carcinoma: A proteomic study. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:455-462. [PMID: 30058426 DOI: 10.1177/1724600818787752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thyroid carcinomas have comprised the fastest rising incidence of cancer in the past decade. Currently, the diagnosis of thyroid tumors is performed by the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) method, which still holds some challenges and limitations, mostly in discriminating malignant and benign lesions. Therefore, the development of molecular markers to distinguish between these lesion types are in progress. METHODS: A 2D-PAGE separation of proteins was performed followed by tandem mass spectrometry with the aim of discovering potential serum protein markers for papillary thyroid carcinoma and multinodular goiter. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed the most important pathways involved in the progression of papillary thyroid cancer. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to confirm a part of the results. RESULTS: The significantly altered proteins included C3, C4A, GC, HP, TTR, APOA4, APOH, ORM2, KRT10, AHSG, IGKV3-20, and IGKC. We also confirmed that increased complement component 3 and decreased apolipoprotein A4 occurred in papillary thyroid cancer. Network investigations demonstrated that complement activation cascades and PPAR signaling might play a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that serum proteomics could serve as a viable method for proposing novel potential markers for thyroid tumors. Surely, further research must be performed in larger cohorts to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Farrokhi Yekta
- 1 Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- 1 Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Mohajeri-Tehrani
- 3 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Soroush
- 4 Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ahn S, Jung S, Kim JY, Shin JH, Hahn SY, Oh YL. Evaluation of Modified Core-Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules. Korean J Radiol 2018; 19:656-664. [PMID: 29962871 PMCID: PMC6005953 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.4.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Core needle biopsy (CNB) of the thyroid is an additional diagnostic method for non-diagnostic or indeterminate cytology samples. We sought to evaluate a new modified core biopsy technique and compare the concordance of its diagnosis with the final diagnosis of the surgically resected specimen. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 842 patients who had a thyroid CNB with or without a previous fine-needle aspiration from August 2002 to March 2015; 38% of patients ultimately underwent thyroidectomy. We divided the patients into two groups for comparison: conventional group (n = 329) and new modified technique group (n = 513) that enabled sampling of not only the lesion but also the margin and surrounding parenchyma. The diagnostic conclusiveness of CNB and concordant rate with thyroidectomy was compared between the two groups. Results The overall diagnostic conclusiveness did not exhibit a significant increase (77% in the conventional technique group and 75% in the modified technique group, p = 0.408). In terms of the diagnostic concordance rate between CNB and thyroidectomy, no overall significant increase was observed (83% in the conventional technique group and 88% in the modified technique group, p = 0.194). However, only in follicular-patterned lesions (nodular hyperplasia, follicular neoplasm, and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma), a significant increase in the diagnostic concordance rate was observed (83% in the conventional group and 94% in the modified technique group, p = 0.033). Conclusion Modified CNB technique can be beneficial for the accurate diagnosis of follicular-patterned thyroid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Sejin Jung
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Shin
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Hahn
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Kanakaraj BN, Narayanan Unni S. Model-based quantitative optical biopsy in multilayer in vitro soft tissue models for whole field assessment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2018; 5:014506. [PMID: 29594182 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.5.1.014506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical techniques such as fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are proven to have the potential to provide tissue discrimination during the development of malignancies and hence treated as potential tools for noninvasive optical biopsy in clinical diagnostics. Quantitative optical biopsy is challenging and hence the majority of the existing strategies are based on a qualitative assessment of the concerned tissue. Light-tissue interaction models as well as precise optical phantoms can greatly help in the former and here we present a pilot study to assess the optical properties of a multilayer tissue-specific optical phantom with the help of a database generated using multilayer-Monte Carlo (MCML) models. A set of optical models mimicking the properties of actual and diseased conditions of tissues associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) were devised and MCML simulations of fluorescence and diffuse reflectance were performed on these models to generate the spectral signature of identified biomarkers of NMSC such as hemoglobin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and collagen. A model library was generated and with the extracted features from modeled spectra, classification of normal and NMSC conditions were tested using the [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. Using an in-house assembled scan-based automated bimodal spectral imaging system with reflectance and fluorescence modalities of operation, a layered, thin, tissue equivalent phantom, fabricated with controlled optical properties mimicking normal and NMSC conditions were tested. The spectral signatures corresponding to the NMSC biomarkers were acquired from this phantom and extracted features from the spectra were tested using the KNN classifier and classification accuracy of 100% was achieved. For further quantitative analysis, the experimental and simulated spectra were compared with respect to the light intensity at the emission peak or absorption dips, spectral line width, and average intensity over a range of wavelength of interest and observed to be analogous within specified and systematic error limits. This methodology is expected to give a better quantitative approach for estimation of tissue properties by correlating the experimental and simulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Nivetha Kanakaraj
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujatha Narayanan Unni
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Seok JY, An J, Cho HY, Kim Y, Ha SY. Nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Comparison of Core needle biopsy and thyroidectomy specimens. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 32:35-40. [PMID: 29414395 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Core needle biopsy (CNB) has been used as an alternative or a complementary method for diagnosis of thyroid nodules. However, morphological analysis of the nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells obtained via CNB remains unclear. Hence, we examined the differences between the PTC nuclear features in CNB and thyroidectomy specimens. METHODS Ten PTC patients, who underwent both CNB and thyroidectomy, were selected. Microscopic photographs of three representative areas of the PTC and adjacent parenchyma were taken. Ten cells per photograph were chosen, and 1200 cells were evaluated (300 PTC and 300 follicular cells in the CNB and thyroidectomy specimens, respectively). The area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis were measured using an image analyzer. Detailed nuclear features (size and shape, membrane irregularity, chromatin characteristics) were scored using a 3-point scale. RESULTS The mean nuclear area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis of PTC cells in the CNB specimen were 1.76, 1.34, 1.34, and 1.29 times larger than those of the follicular cells (p<0.001); similar results were seen in the thyroidectomy specimens (2.04, 1.41, 1.37, and 1.37: p<0.001). Comparative analysis revealed that these parameters were significantly smaller in the CNB specimens than those in the thyroidectomy specimens (p<0.001). Nuclear grades were also lower in the former owing to poor chromatin characteristics (clearing and margination) (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Considering that the PTC nuclei in CNB specimens are smaller with fewer irregularities and less clear than those in thyroidectomy specimens, we need to emphasize caution when using CNB specimens for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Seok
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsuk An
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yee Cho
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Ha
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Dietrich CF, Müller T, Bojunga J, Dong Y, Mauri G, Radzina M, Dighe M, Cui XW, Grünwald F, Schuler A, Ignee A, Korkusuz H. Statement and Recommendations on Interventional Ultrasound as a Thyroid Diagnostic and Treatment Procedure. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:14-36. [PMID: 29126752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recently published guidelines of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) on interventional ultrasound (INVUS)-guided procedures summarize the intended interdisciplinary and multiprofessional approach. Herewith, we report on recommendations for interventional procedures for diagnosis and treatment of the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F Dietrich
- Medizinische Klinik 2, Caritas Krankenhaus, Bad Mergentheim, Germany; Ultrasound Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum am Steinenberg, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Bojunga
- 1st Medical Department, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitätsklinikum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Giovanni Mauri
- Division of Interventional Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Maija Radzina
- Diagnostic Radiology Institute, Paula Stradina Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Manjiri Dighe
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Frank Grünwald
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitätsklinikum, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Thermoablation of Thyroid Nodules, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuler
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Alb Fils Kliniken, Helfenstein Klinik, Germany
| | - Andre Ignee
- Medizinische Klinik 2, Caritas Krankenhaus, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Huedayi Korkusuz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitätsklinikum, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Thermoablation of Thyroid Nodules, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Choe JY, Kwak Y, Kim M, Chung YR, Kim HJ, Kim YK, Park SY. Utility of a formatted pathologic reporting system in thyroid core needle biopsy: A validation study of 1998 consecutive cases. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:96-104. [PMID: 28618022 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid core needle biopsy (CNB) is increasingly being used as a tool for evaluating thyroid nodules; thus, standardization of its diagnostic terminology is called for. We aimed to analyse the pathologic reporting system of thyroid CNB based on the recently proposed protocol by the Korean Endocrine Pathology Thyroid Core Needle Biopsy Study Group and evaluate its usefulness. DESIGN/METHODS A total of 1998 consecutive cases of thyroid CNBs were reviewed and divided into six categories according to the protocol. Malignancy rate in each category and the diagnostic performance of thyroid CNB were calculated using 705 resected cases. RESULTS Thyroid CNB yielded 132 nondiagnostic (6.6%), 791 benign (39.6%), 328 indeterminate (16.4%), 227 follicular neoplasm (11.4%), 69 suspicious for malignancy (3.5%) and 451 malignant lesions (22.6%). In resected specimens, all of the cases designated as suspicious for malignancy and malignant categories in CNB were proven to be true malignant lesions. Lesions diagnosed with follicular neoplasm in CNB were identified as malignant lesions in 57.0%. Malignancy rate was significantly higher in indeterminate lesions with nuclear atypia compared to those with architectural atypia (80.0% vs 28.2%). When CNB diagnoses of indeterminate lesions or higher categories were considered positive, the sensitivity and positive predictive value for final malignant diagnoses were 99.2% and 81.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CNB is an accurate method of evaluating thyroid nodules and can serve as an alternative to fine needle aspiration when it is used and reported according to standardized diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mimi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yul Ri Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeo Koon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang X, Zhang Q, Cai Z, Dai Y, Mou L. Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers for thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111551-111566. [PMID: 29340074 PMCID: PMC5762342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is the most universal endocrine malignancy worldwide. Unfortunately, a limited number of large-scale analyses have been performed to identify biomarkers for THCA. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis using 505 THCA patients and 59 normal controls from The Cancer Genome Atlas. After identifying differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and protein coding genes (PCG), we found vast difference in various lncRNA-PCG co-expressed pairs in THCA. A dysregulation network with scale-free topology was constructed. Four molecules (LA16c-380H5.2, RP11-203J24.8, MLF1 and SDC4) could potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers of THCA with high sensitivity and specificity. We further represent a diagnostic panel with expression cutoff values. Our results demonstrate the potential application of those four molecules as novel independent biomarkers for THCA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Wang
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.,Department of Biochemistry in Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
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30
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Suh CH, Choi YJ, Lee JJ, Shim WH, Baek JH, Chung HC, Shong YK, Song DE, Sung TY, Lee JH. Comparison of Core-Needle Biopsy and Fine-Needle Aspiration for Evaluating Thyroid Incidentalomas Detected by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: A Propensity Score Analysis. Thyroid 2017; 27:1258-1266. [PMID: 28791924 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used a propensity score analysis to assess the roles of core-needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the evaluation of thyroid incidentalomas detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). METHODS The study population was obtained from a historical cohort who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT between October 2008 and September 2015. Patients were included who underwent ultrasound-guided CNB or FNA for incidental focal uptake of 18F-FDG in the thyroid gland on PET/CT. The primary study outcomes included the inconclusive result rates in the CNB and FNA groups. The secondary outcome measures included the non-diagnostic result rate and the diagnostic performance for neoplasms. Multivariate analysis, propensity score matching, and inverse probability weighting were conducted. RESULTS A total of 1360 nodules from 1338 patients were included in this study: 859 nodules from 850 patients underwent FNA, and 501 nodules from 488 patients underwent CNB. Compared to FNA, CNB demonstrated a significantly lower inconclusive result rate in the pooled cohort (23.8% vs. 35.4%; p < 0.001), propensity score-matched cohorts (22.9% vs. 36.6%; p < 0.001), and with inverse probability weighting (22.4% vs. 35.2%; p < 0.001). Non-diagnostic result rates were also significantly lower in CNB than in FNA. The diagnostic performance of the two groups in the pooled and matched cohorts was similar, with no significant differences found. CONCLUSIONS The significantly lower inconclusive result rates in CNB than in FNA were consistent within the propensity score-matched cohorts. Therefore, CNB appears to be a promising diagnostic tool for patients with thyroid incidentalomas detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hyun Suh
- 1 Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 2 Department of Radiology, Namwon Medical Center , Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Choi
- 1 Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Jin Lee
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Shim
- 1 Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Baek
- 1 Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Cheol Chung
- 1 Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- 4 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- 5 Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yon Sung
- 6 Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- 1 Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Serum and urine 1H NMR-based metabolomics in the diagnosis of selected thyroid diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9108. [PMID: 28831094 PMCID: PMC5567318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of nodular thyroid diseases including thyroid cancer is still primarily based on invasive procedures such as fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Therefore, there is a strong need for development of new diagnostic methods that could provide clinically useful information regarding thyroid nodular lesions in a non-invasive way. In this study we investigated 1H NMR based metabolic profiles of paired urine and blood serum samples, that were obtained from healthy individuals and patients with nodular thyroid diseases. Estimation of predictive potential of metabolites was evaluated using chemometric methods and revealed that both urine and serum carry information sufficient to distinguish between patients with nodular lesions and healthy individuals. Data fusion allowed to further improve prediction quality of the models. However, stratification of tumor types and their differentiation in relation to each other was not possible.
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Chae IH, Kim EK, Moon HJ, Yoon JH, Park VY, Kwak JY. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration versus core needle biopsy: comparison of post-biopsy hematoma rates and risk factors. Endocrine 2017; 57:108-114. [PMID: 28508192 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare post-biopsy hematoma rates between ultrasound guided-fine needle aspiration and ultrasound guided-core needle biopsy, and to investigate risk factors for post-biopsy hematoma. METHODS A total of 5304 thyroid nodules which underwent ultrasound guided biopsy were included in this retrospective study. We compared clinical and US features between patients with and without post-biopsy hematoma. Associations between these features and post-biopsy hematoma were analyzed. RESULTS Post-biopsy hematoma rate was 0.8% (43/5121) for ultrasound guided-fine needle aspiration and 4.9% (9/183) for ultrasound guided-core needle biopsy (P < 0.001). For ultrasound guided-fine needle aspiration, gender, age, size, presence of vascularity, and suspicious US features were not associated with post-biopsy hematoma according to experience level. Post-biopsy hematoma occurred significantly more with ultrasound guided-core needle biopsy (9/179, 5.0%) than with ultrasound guided-fine needle aspiration (9/1138, 0.8%) (P < 0.001) in experienced performers and ultrasound guided-core needle biopsy was the only significant risk factor for post-biopsy hematoma (adjusted Odds Ratio, 6.458, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Post-biopsy hematoma occurred significantly more in ultrasound guided-core needle biopsy than in ultrasound guided-fine needle aspiration and ultrasound guided-core needle biopsy was the only independent factor of post-biopsy hematoma in thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Chae
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivian Y Park
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kwak
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Chung SR, Baek JH, Park HS, Choi YJ, Sung TY, Song DE, Kim TY, Lee JH. Ultrasound-Pathology Discordant Nodules on Core-Needle Biopsy: Malignancy Risk and Management Strategy. Thyroid 2017; 27:707-713. [PMID: 28326900 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reported malignancy rates of thyroid nodules that appear suspicious on ultrasound (US) but yield benign fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology results range from 13.6% to 56.6%. However, the malignancy risk of nodules that are discordant on US and core-needle biopsy (CNB) pathological findings has not been evaluated. This study evaluated the malignancy risk associated with thyroid nodules that are suspicious on US but yield benign CNB results. METHODS Between July 2008 and November 2011, 1309 patients with 1313 thyroid nodules underwent US-guided CNB. Among these, 166 thyroid nodules that were suspicious on US but yielded benign CNB results were retrospectively reviewed. Benign nodules were diagnosed by surgery, FNA, and/or CNB that was repeated at least twice or CNB and lesion size stability on follow-up. The malignancy risk of US-pathology discordant nodules was calculated according to recommendations by Moon et al., and a further evaluation was conducted using four different US risk systems. Factors that differentiated benign from malignant nodules were assessed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Moreover, the histological findings of US-pathology discordant nodules were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with benign and malignant nodules did not differ significantly regarding clinical and demographic characteristics. Of the 166 US-pathology discordant nodules, seven (4.2%) were confirmed malignant. The malignancy risks associated with the five US risk systems ranged from 3.6% to 5.5%. Regarding suspicious US features, only the number of suspicious features was associated with malignancy (p = 0.002). Histological analysis of benign CNB specimens with suspicious US features revealed fibrosis (77.6%), thyroiditis (28.7%), calcifications (10.6%), and hemosiderin deposition (6.4%). CONCLUSIONS The malignancy risk among thyroid nodules with discordant US and CNB results ranged from 3.6% to 5.5%, depending on US risk systems. However, repeated biopsy may be necessary for selected thyroid nodules with more than two suspicious US features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Rom Chung
- 1 Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Baek
- 1 Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- 1 Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Choi
- 1 Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yon Sung
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- 4 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- 1 Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Sigrist RM, Liau J, Kaffas AE, Chammas MC, Willmann JK. Ultrasound Elastography: Review of Techniques and Clinical Applications. Theranostics 2017; 7:1303-1329. [PMID: 28435467 PMCID: PMC5399595 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 883] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastography-based imaging techniques have received substantial attention in recent years for non-invasive assessment of tissue mechanical properties. These techniques take advantage of changed soft tissue elasticity in various pathologies to yield qualitative and quantitative information that can be used for diagnostic purposes. Measurements are acquired in specialized imaging modes that can detect tissue stiffness in response to an applied mechanical force (compression or shear wave). Ultrasound-based methods are of particular interest due to its many inherent advantages, such as wide availability including at the bedside and relatively low cost. Several ultrasound elastography techniques using different excitation methods have been developed. In general, these can be classified into strain imaging methods that use internal or external compression stimuli, and shear wave imaging that use ultrasound-generated traveling shear wave stimuli. While ultrasound elastography has shown promising results for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis, new applications in breast, thyroid, prostate, kidney and lymph node imaging are emerging. Here, we review the basic principles, foundation physics, and limitations of ultrasound elastography and summarize its current clinical use and ongoing developments in various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M.S. Sigrist
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joy Liau
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Chammas
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School of University of São Paulo
| | - Juergen K. Willmann
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Na DG, Baek JH, Jung SL, Kim JH, Sung JY, Kim KS, Lee JH, Shin JH, Choi YJ, Ha EJ, Lim HK, Kim SJ, Hahn SY, Lee KH, Choi YJ, Youn I, Kim YJ, Ahn HS, Ryu JH, Baek SM, Sim JS, Jung CK, Lee JH. Core Needle Biopsy of the Thyroid: 2016 Consensus Statement and Recommendations from Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology. Korean J Radiol 2017; 18:217-237. [PMID: 28096731 PMCID: PMC5240493 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2017.18.1.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Core needle biopsy (CNB) has been suggested as a complementary diagnostic method to fine-needle aspiration in patients with thyroid nodules. Many recent CNB studies have suggested a more advanced role for CNB, but there are still no guidelines on its use. Therefore, the Task Force Committee of the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology has developed the present consensus statement and recommendations for the role of CNB in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. These recommendations are based on evidence from the current literature and expert consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gyu Na
- Department of Radiology, Human Medical Imaging and Intervention Center, Seoul 06524, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Baek
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - So Lyung Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Sung
- Department of Radiology and Thyroid Center, Daerim St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea
| | - Kyu Sun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Thyroid Center, Daerim St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea.; Department of Radiology, Smarton Hospital, Bucheon 14534, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Shin
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Ha
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Lim
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04401, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Human Medical Imaging and Intervention Center, Seoul 06524, Korea.; Department of Radiology, New Korea Hospital, Kimpo 10086, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Hahn
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kwang Hwi Lee
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Korea
| | - Young Jun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Inyoung Youn
- Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Young Joong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Hye Shin Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Thyroid Center, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06973, Korea
| | - Ji Hwa Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Korea
| | - Seon Mi Baek
- Department of Radiology, Sharing and Happiness Hospital, Busan 48101, Korea
| | - Jung Suk Sim
- Department of Radiology, Withsim Clinic, Seongnam 13590, Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Joon Hyung Lee
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan 49201, Korea
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Guler B, Kiran T, Arici DS, Aysan E, Sonmez FC. Should Core Needle Biopsy be Used in the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules? Endocr Pathol 2016; 27:352-358. [PMID: 27306998 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-016-9440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the first choice in thyroid nodules suspected of harboring malignancy on sonography in routine practice. However, sampling with core needle biopsy (CNB) is also being used, especially in cases with repeated nondiagnostic/indeterminate diagnoses. The aim of this study was the retrospective evaluation of CNB samples. A total of 604 thyroid CNB samples registered in the Department of Pathology at Bezmialem Foundation University Medical Faculty within the 1-year period between June 2014 and June 2015 were re-evaluated by correlation with previous FNA and later resection results. CNB was divided into diagnostic groups of insufficient, malignant, suspicious for malignancy, no evidence of malignancy/benign, atypia of uncertain significance (AUS)/follicular lesions of uncertain significance (FLUS), and follicular neoplasm (FN)/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN). Among the 604 cases, 15 cases (2.48 %) were classified as malignant and 9 cases (1.49 %) as suspicious for malignancy. No evidence of malignancy was seen in 512 cases (84.76 %). There were 26 (4.3 %) cases in the AUS/FLUS-FN/SFN group, and the sample was inadequate in 42 cases (6.95 %). Resection was performed for 17 of the cases classified as malignant or suspicious for malignancy, and all were found to be malignant. There were also 10 resected cases with a diagnosis of no evidence of malignancy, and all were found to be benign. We think that sampling with CNB may be useful especially in repeating inadequate biopsies or cases diagnosed with AUS/FLUS that have hesitations regarding clinical management. Larger series including comparisons with FNA and resection results are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beril Guler
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Foundation University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tugce Kiran
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Foundation University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sema Arici
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Foundation University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Aysan
- Department of General Surgery, Bezmialem Foundation University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Cavide Sonmez
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Foundation University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Suh CH, Baek JH, Lee JH, Choi YJ, Kim KW, Lee J, Chung KW, Shong YK. The role of core-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy in 4580 patients with 4746 thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2016; 54:315-328. [PMID: 27220941 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness and complications of core-needle biopsy (CNB) compared to fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnosing thyroid malignancy. The Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies using CNB for diagnosing thyroid malignancy. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, the incidence of non-diagnostic, inconclusive results, and the complications of CNB and FNA. To overcome the heterogeneity, additional analyses based on three, homogeneous inclusion criteria were performed and subgroup analyses were performed. Twenty eligible studies of 4580 patients (4746 nodules) were included. Both CNB and FNA demonstrated a high sensitivity (91 %, 74 %, respectively; p = .053) and specificity (99 %, 100 %, respectively; p = .914). The area under the curve was larger in CNB (0.99) than in FNA (0.94). CNB demonstrated a significantly lower pooled proportion of non-diagnostic (5.5 %; p < .001) and inconclusive results (8.0 %; p < .001) than FNA (22.6 %, 40.2 %, respectively). The complications rate of FNA (0.0 %) was lower than that of CNB (0.01 %), although not significantly (p = .948). This meta-analysis showed variable heterogeneities, i.e., no heterogeneity to considerable heterogeneity. Additional meta-analyses based on three, homogeneous inclusion criteria demonstrated that heterogeneities were reduced, and the results are in agreement with those of all of the included studies. Subgroup analyses have explained the cause of heterogeneity across studies. Both CNB and FNA may be acceptable diagnostic tools for diagnosing thyroid malignancy. CNB may be a complementary diagnostic tool in nodules with initially non-diagnostic and indeterminate results on previous FNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Namwon Medical Center, 365 Chungjeong-Ro, Namwon-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, 590-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Baek
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoun Lee
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wook Chung
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
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van Zante A, Ljung BM. Fine-needle aspiration versus core needle biopsy: Reconsidering the evidence of superiority. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124:853-856. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke van Zante
- Department of Pathology; University of California at San Francisco; San Francisco California
| | - Britt-Marie Ljung
- Department of Pathology; University of California at San Francisco; San Francisco California
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Choi YJ, Baek JH, Suh CH, Shim WH, Jeong B, Kim JK, Song DE, Kim TY, Chung KW, Lee JH. Core-needle biopsy versus repeat fine-needle aspiration for thyroid nodules initially read as atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance. Head Neck 2016; 39:361-369. [PMID: 27704650 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of core-needle biopsy (CNB) by comparing the results of CNB and repeat fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for thyroid nodules that are initially read as atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) on FNA. METHODS Among 2631 initial AUS/FLUS FNA results, 505 consecutive nodules (295 repeat FNAs and 210 CNBs) were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was inconclusive (ie, nondiagnostic or AUS/FLUS). The secondary outcomes included inconclusive results of the subcategory, risk factors for inconclusive results, and diagnostic performance. RESULTS CNB demonstrated significantly fewer inconclusive results than repeat FNA for the overall nodules (40.9% vs 63%; p < .001). Repeat FNA and group FLUS were significant risk factors for inconclusive results (odds ratio = 1.92; p =.001 and odds ratio = 2.08; p <.001, respectively). All diagnostic performances using CNB were higher than repeat FNAs. CONCLUSION CNB is more useful than repeat FNAs for reducing inconclusive results and improving the diagnostic performance of thyroid nodules with initial AUS/FLUS FNA results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 361-369, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Choi
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Baek
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Shim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boseul Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Wook Chung
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Kim SY, Lee HS, Moon J, Kim EK, Moon HJ, Yoon JH, Kwak JY. Fine-needle aspiration versus core needle biopsy for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy and neoplasm: a matched cohort study. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:801-811. [PMID: 27260342 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the diagnostic performances of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy and neoplasm in patients who underwent surgery for thyroid nodules. METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the need to obtain informed consent was waived. 3192 patients who underwent FNA (n = 3048) or CNB (n = 144) for diagnosis of thyroid nodules and then proceeded with surgery were included. Surgical pathologic diagnosis was the reference standard. Diagnostic performances of FNA and CNB to predict malignancy and neoplasm were compared. Propensity score matching was used to match patients with FNA with those with CNB because there were significant differences in the number of nodules and nodule characteristics between the FNA and CNB groups. RESULTS Before matching, the sensitivity and accuracy of FNA were significantly higher or comparable with those of CNB, and the specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were comparable. After matching, the diagnostic performances were similar, with the exception of specificity for predicting neoplasm being higher with CNB than with FNA. CONCLUSION FNA showed comparable diagnostic performance to CNB; therefore, there may be no benefit in performing CNB to diagnose papillary thyroid carcinoma and neoplasm. KEY POINTS • Diagnostic performances of FNA and CNB for thyroid malignancy and neoplasm were compared. • FNA showed comparable performances to CNB both before and after statistical matching. • There may be no benefit in performing CNB, given the comparable performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03722
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Research Affairs, Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Moon
- Department of Research Affairs, Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03722
| | - Hee Jung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03722
| | - Jung Hyun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03722
| | - Jin Young Kwak
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03722.
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Kim SJ, Roh J, Baek JH, Hong SJ, Shong YK, Kim WB, Song DE. Risk of malignancy according to sub-classification of the atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) category in the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Cytopathology 2016; 28:65-73. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Kim
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J. Roh
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J. H. Baek
- Department of Radiology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - S. J. Hong
- Department of Surgery; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Y. K. Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - W. B. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - D. E. Song
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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42
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VanderLaan PA. Fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy: An update on 2 common minimally invasive tissue sampling modalities. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124:862-870. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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43
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Pyo JS, Sohn JH, Kang G. Core Needle Biopsy Is a More Conclusive Follow-up Method Than Repeat Fine Needle Aspiration for Thyroid Nodules with Initially Inconclusive Results: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 50:217-24. [PMID: 27077724 PMCID: PMC4876081 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.02.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the appropriate management of thyroid nodules with prior non-diagnostic or atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This study included 4,235 thyroid nodules from 26 eligible studies. We investigated the conclusive rate of follow-up core needle biopsy (CNB) or repeat fine needle aspiration (rFNA) after initial fine needle aspiration (FNA) with non-diagnostic or AUS/FLUS results. A diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) review was performed to determine the diagnostic role of the follow-up CNB and to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) on the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. Results: The conclusive rates of follow-up CNB and rFNA after initial FNA were 0.879 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.801 to 0.929) and 0.684 (95% CI, 0.627 to 0.736), respectively. In comparison of the odds ratios of CNB and rFNA, CNB had more frequent conclusive results than rFNA (odds ratio, 5.707; 95% CI, 2.530 to 12.875). Upon subgroup analysis, follow-up CNB showed a higher conclusive rate than rFNA in both initial non-diagnostic and AUS/FLUS subgroups. In DTA review of followup CNB, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88 to 0.97) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.91), respectively. The AUC for the SROC curve was 0.981, nearing 1. Conclusions: Our results show that CNB has a higher conclusive rate than rFNA when the initial FNA produced inconclusive results. Further prospective studies with more detailed criteria are necessary before follow-up CNB can be applied in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Sohn
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Guhyun Kang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Non-coding (nc)RNAs are divided into small ncRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ncRNAS which are around 22 nucleotides in length that mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing. LncRNAs are greater than 200 bp in length. Each ncRNA can have multiple targets and can be regulated by multiple genetic factors. Because ncRNAs are not translated into proteins, they can only be detected at the nucleic acid level by in situ hybridization, by RT-PCR, or by sequencing which makes their detection more challenging in the routine pathology laboratory. A great deal of new information has accumulated about miRNAs in thyroid tissues during the past decade. Some of these studies have shown that deregulation of miRNAs may be useful in diagnostic pathology. Information about the role of lncRNA in the development of thyroid tumors is in the early stages of development, but new information is accumulating rapidly. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in our understanding of the relationship between ncRNAs and the development of thyroid cancers and the potential uses of ncRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, USA
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, USA
| | - Jidong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, USA
| | - Zhenying Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, USA
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, USA.
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Lee SH, Park GS, Jung SL, Kim MH, Bae JS, Lim DJ, Jung CK. Core-needle biopsy for the preoperative diagnosis of follicular neoplasm in thyroid nodule screening: A validation study. Pathol Res Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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