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Kuga R, Yamamoto H, Narutomi F, Suzuki M, Jiromaru R, Hongo T, Hachisuga K, Yasutake N, Kato K, Nakagawa T, Oda Y. The combination of p16 and Rb expression pattern is helpful to predict high-risk HPV infection and the primary site in lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 263:155642. [PMID: 39368366 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the primary site of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in lymph nodes can be challenging. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis recently revealed that high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) typically show overexpression of p16 protein and a partial loss pattern of Rb. Nevertheless, the status of these markers in metastatic lesions is still unclear. In this study, we examined p16 and Rb expression status by IHC and transcriptionally active HR-HPV infection by mRNA in situ hybridization in paired primary and metastatic SCC lesions. A total of 50 patients with OPSCCs (n=17), hypopharyngeal SCCs (n=16), laryngeal SCCs (n=6), or uterine cervical SCCs (n=11) were enrolled. HR-HPV and p16 were positive in 21/50 (42 %) and 23/50 (46 %) patients, respectively. Primary and metastatic lesions showed concordant results for those three markers in individual patients. Among the p16-positive patients (n=23), HPV-positive cases typically showed a partial loss of Rb (n=20) and, rarely, a complete loss of Rb (n=1), whereas HPV-negative cases showed preserved Rb expression (n=2). All 27 p16-negative cases lacked HPV infection, while preserved expression and complete loss of Rb were observed in 26 and 1 of the p16-negative cases, respectively. Compared to standalone p16, the combination of p16 overexpression and Rb-partial/complete loss showed equally excellent sensitivity and negative predictive value (each 100 %) as well as improved specificity (100 % versus 93.1 %) and positive predictive value (100 % versus 91.3 %). Our results suggest that combining p16 and Rb expression patterns may be helpful in screening for HR-HPV infection in metastatic lymph nodes and in estimating the primary site of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kuga
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry & Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Fumiya Narutomi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misa Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rina Jiromaru
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hongo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Hachisuga
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuko Yasutake
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Fan Y, He Y, Sun L, Liu T, Shen Y. Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix with a prominent spindle cell component. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:508. [PMID: 39233819 PMCID: PMC11369853 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesonephric adenocarcinomas (MAs) with spindle cell components are rare malignant cervical tumours. In the present study, a retrospective analysis of these tumours was performed. Clinicopathological data were gathered from electronic surgical pathology records, and both immunohistochemistry and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed. The present study included three postmenopausal female patients diagnosed with primary uterine cervical MA with prominent spindle cell components, aged 51-60 years. All patients underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. There were no recurrences or deaths after surgery. NGS analysis identified KRAS mutations in 2 cases and a PIK3-catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA) mutation in another. Spindle cell components may indicate MAs at an advanced stage. Spindle cell components in MAs are diagnostic pitfalls, and the use of immunohistochemical panels and molecular detection cases with overlapping morphological features is recommended. While KRAS mutations are the most common types of mutations in MAs with spindle cell components, the present study demonstrates that PIK3CA mutations can also occur independently in cases without KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Fan
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610011, P.R. China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610011, P.R. China
| | - Tianmin Liu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610011, P.R. China
| | - Yangmei Shen
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610011, P.R. China
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Harada-Kagitani S, Kouchi Y, Shinomiya Y, Hiramoto T, Arai T, Hanazawa T, Onodera K, Nakama K, Aihara T, Ota M, Ikeda JI, Kishimoto T. Cystic primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Pathol Int 2024; 74:292-294. [PMID: 38546010 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Harada-Kagitani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kouchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shinomiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuto Hiramoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Arai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Onodera
- Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaito Nakama
- Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Aihara
- Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ota
- Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kishimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Tao F, Zhu H, Xu J, Guo Y, Wang X, Shao L, Pan D, Li G, Fang R. Prognostic value of PAX8 in small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28251. [PMID: 38596099 PMCID: PMC11002052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) shows poor prognosis since it metastasizes widely at early stage. Paired box gene (PAX) 8 is a transcriptional factor of PAX family, of which the expression in lung cancer is a controversial issue, and its prognostic value of PAX8 in SCLC is still unclear. Materials and methods Overall, 184 subjects who were pathologically diagnosed with SCLC were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of PAX8 and Ki-67 were performed. The correlations between PAX8 expression and clinical features or Ki-67 index were further analyzed. Subsequently, an analysis of the association between PAX8, stage, Ki-67 status, and overall survival (OS) were performed in 169 subjects with follow-up information. Results PAX8 was positive in 53.8% (99/184) SCLC specimens. The positive rate is significantly higher in extensive-stage specimens (61.0%) than in limited-stage specimens (45.24%). PAX8 expression is positively correlated with Ki-67 index (P = 0.001) while negatively correlated with OS (HR = 3.725, 95% CI 1.943-7.139, P<0.001). In combination groups, the PAX8 negative and limited stage group had the most promising OS. Conclusion PAX8 expression rate in SCLC specimens is not low. It has prognostic value in small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiayun Xu
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Lei Shao
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Deng Pan
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Rong Fang
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
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Hu S, Gan H, Yang F. Significance analysis of PAX8 expression in endometrial carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31159. [PMID: 36281161 PMCID: PMC9592497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the expression and prognostic value of paired-box 8 (PAX8) expression in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) by bioinformatics. The expression of PAX8 gene in UCEC was analyzed by R language and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between PAX8 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed by R language. The prognostic factors was analyzed by univariate/multivariate regression. The survival curve of patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter (K-M Plotter). The diagnostic value of PAX8 in UCEC was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve, and the relationship between PAX8 expression and methylation was analyzed by Ualcan. The relationship between methylation and prognosis was analyzed by MethSurv database. The expression of PAX8 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The expression of PAX8 was related to clinical stage, age, histological type, histologic grade, tumor invasion and disease-specific survival event. Univariate/multivariate regression analysis showed that clinical stage, tumor invasion, and PAX8 expression were the influence factors of overall survival (OS), while histologic grade and PAX8 expression were the influence factors of disease-specific survival, and patients with low expression had a longer OS. The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 for PAX8 diagnosis of UCEC. PAX8 was hypomethylated in cancer tissue, and patients with hypermethylated PAX8 had a longer OS. The high expression of PAX8 induced by hypomethylation may play an important role in the occurrence and prognosis of UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Orthopaedic, XiangZhou District Renmin Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
- * Correspondence: Fengmei Yang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Southern 32, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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Takano GHS, Amorim RF, Ferreira VM, Vianna LMDS, de Castro TMML, Carneiro MDV, Oliveira ÍDA, Motoyama AB, Carneiro FP. Initial panel of immunocytochemical markers for identification of primary carcinoma site for effusions and peritoneal washings from women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 15:191-200. [PMID: 35535203 PMCID: PMC9077109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In women, most malignant effusions are from breast and ovary primary carcinomas that have metastasized to body cavity fluids (pleural, peritoneal and pericardial). When carcinoma is diagnosed in effusions, it is not possible to identify its site of origin solely by cytology (morphology); therefore, immunocytochemistry is used as a complementary method. There are no immunocytochemical markers with 100% sensitivity and specificity for identifying carcinoma primary site. The markers most used are TTF-1 for the lung, GATA-3 for the breast, and PAX-8 for the ovary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a panel including these markers for detecting the primary site of carcinoma in effusions. METHODS Samples of pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal effusions and peritoneal washings with carcinoma of known primary site from women (n = 60) and men (n = 18) were prepared by using the cell block method, and immunocytochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of primary site markers (TTF-1, PAX-8, and GATA-3). RESULTS In women, the breast was the most frequent primary site of metastatic carcinoma to both pleural and pericardial cavities, followed by the lung, whereas the ovary was the most frequent primary site of carcinoma within peritoneal effusions and washings, followed by the gastrointestinal tract (stomach or intestine). The expected profiles for carcinomas of the most common primary sites were: breast (GATA-3 (+), PAX-8 (-), TTF-1 (-)), ovary (PAX-8 (+), GATA-3 (-), TTF-1 (-)), lung (TTF-1 (+), PAX-8 (-) GATA-3 (-)) and gastrointestinal tract (PAX-8 (-), GATA-3 (-), TTF-1 (-)). These were observed in 88.23% (45/51) of women's samples with carcinoma from these primary sites. By using TTF-1 as the sole primary site marker, 6.25% of carcinomas of primary site other than the lung would have been misdiagnosed. CONCLUSION An initial panel of markers including GATA-3, PAX-8, and TTF-1 allows, with high sensitivity and specificity, the identification or exclusion of frequent primary sites of carcinoma in effusions from women. Our results highlight the importance of using a panel of markers to avoid misidentification of the primary site of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Henrique Soares Takano
- Pathological Anatomy Unit of University Hospital of BrasiliaBrasília 999074, Brazil
- Pathology Department of Brasília UniversityBrasília 999074, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabiana Pirani Carneiro
- Pathological Anatomy Unit of University Hospital of BrasiliaBrasília 999074, Brazil
- Pathology Department of Brasília UniversityBrasília 999074, Brazil
- Institute of Psychology of Brasília UniversityBrasília 999074, Brazil
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Shidham VB, Janikowski B. Immunocytochemistry of effusions: Processing and commonly used immunomarkers. Cytojournal 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 35541029 PMCID: PMC9079319 DOI: 10.25259/cmas_02_15_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Definitive cytopathological interpretation of some of the effusion fluids may not be possible based on cytomorphological evaluation alone. As discussed in other reviews, this is due to various reasons specifically applicable to effusion fluids including remarkably wide morphologic spectrum of reactive mesothelial cells overlapping with some well to moderately differentiated metastatic carcinoma. The challenge is subject to various factors including level of interpreter training or experience, institutional demographics (such as type of prevalent diseases, predominant sex and age group), technical advances in ancillary support, and expertise in cytopreparatory processing. In such cases immunohistochemistry performed on cell-block sections is simple objective adjunct with or without other ancillary techniques. Ongoing increase in number of immunomarkers along with rabbit monoclonal antibodies with relatively higher affinity is further refining this field. SCIP (subtractive coordinate immunoreactivity pattern) approach, discussed as separate dedicated review article, facilitates refined interpretation of immunoreactivity pattern in coordinate manner on various serial sections of cell-blocks. However, many variables such as delay after specimen collection, specimen processing related factors including fixation and storage; ambient conditions under which paraffin blocks are archived (for retrospective testing); antigen retrieval method; duration of antigen retrieval step; antibody clone and dilution; and antibody application time are common with application of immunohistochemistry in other areas. This review is dedicated to highlight technical aspects including processing of effusion specimens for optimum immunocytochemical evaluation along with commonly used immunomarkers in effusion cytopathology. This review focuses on the technical and general information about various immunomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B. Shidham
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center, and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States,
| | - Beata Janikowski
- Technical Specialist-IHC, DMC University Laboratories, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States,
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Lam AK, Lee KTW. Application of Immunohistochemistry in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2534:175-195. [PMID: 35670976 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2505-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an economic and precise method to localize the presence of specific protein at cellular level in tissue. Although many papillary thyroid carcinomas do not require IHC to render a diagnosis, there are certain scenarios in which IHC are important. The major diagnostic applications of IHC include confirmation of papillary thyroid carcinoma in sites other than the thyroid, distinguish papillary thyroid carcinoma from other primary thyroid neoplasms in thyroid, and identify papillary thyroid carcinoma from secondary tumors to the thyroid. At research level, IHC could help identify prognostic information, identify underlying genetic alterations, and predict response to treatment in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The understanding of principle and recent advances in IHC will improve the diagnosis and management of patients with thyroid lesions including papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
- Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Katherine Ting-Wei Lee
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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