1
|
Otto JR, Pewan SB, Edmunds RC, Mwangi FW, Kinobe RT, Adegboye OA, Malau-Aduli AEO. Differential expressions of FASN, SCD, and FABP4 genes in the ribeye muscle of omega-3 oil-supplemented Tattykeel Australian White lambs. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:666. [PMID: 37932697 PMCID: PMC10626737 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of the functional nutritional value of health-beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) is becoming a phenomenon among red meat consumers globally. This study examined the expressions of three lipogenic genes (fatty acid binding protein 4, FABP4, fatty acid synthase, FASN; and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SCD) in the ribeye (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum) muscle of Tattykeel Australian White (TAW) lambs fed fortified omega-3 diets and correlations with fatty acids. To answer the research question, "are there differences in the expression of lipogenic genes between control, MSM whole grain and omega-3 supplemented lambs?", we tested the hypothesis that fortification of lamb diets with omega-3 will lead to a down-regulation of lipogenic genes. Seventy-five six-month old TAW lambs were randomly allocated to the (1) omega-3 oil-fortified grain pellets, (2) unfortified grain pellets (control) or (3) unfortified MSM whole grain pellets diet supplements to generate three treatments of 25 lambs each. The feeding trial lasted 47 days. RESULTS From the Kruskal-Wallis test, the results showed a striking disparity in lipogenic gene expression between the three dietary treatments in which the FABP4 gene was significantly up-regulated by 3-folds in the muscles of lambs fed MSM Milling (MSM) whole grain diet compared to the omega-3 and control diets. A negative correlation was observed between FASN gene expression and intramuscular fat (IMF), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The FABP4 gene expression was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). CONCLUSION Taken together, this study's results suggest that FABP4 and FASN genes perform an important role in the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the ribeye muscle of TAW lambs, and supplementary diet composition is an important factor influencing their expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Roger Otto
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Shedrach Benjamin Pewan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Private Mail Bag 01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | | | - Felista Waithira Mwangi
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Robert Tumwesigye Kinobe
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | | | - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alonso-García M, Suárez-Vega A, Fonseca PAS, Marina H, Pelayo R, Mateo J, Arranz JJ, Gutiérrez-Gil B. Transcriptome analysis of perirenal fat from Spanish Assaf suckling lamb carcasses showing different levels of kidney knob and channel fat. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1150996. [PMID: 37255997 PMCID: PMC10225515 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1150996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suckling lamb meat is highly appreciated in European Mediterranean countries because of its mild flavor and soft texture. In suckling lamb carcasses, perirenal and pelvic fat depots account for a large fraction of carcass fat accumulation, and their proportions are used as an indicator of carcass quality. Material and Methods This study aimed to characterize the genetic mechanisms that regulate fat deposition in suckling lambs by evaluating the transcriptomic differences between Spanish Assaf lambs with significantly different proportions of kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) depots in their carcasses (4 High-KKCF lambs vs. 4 Low-KKCF lambs). Results The analyzed fat tissue showed overall dominant expression of white adipose tissue gene markers, although due to the young age of the animals (17-36 days), the expression of some brown adipose tissue gene markers (e.g., UCP1, CIDEA) was still identified. The transcriptomic comparison between the High-KKCF and Low-KKCF groups revealed a total of 80 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The enrichment analysis of the 49 DEGs with increased expression levels in the Low-KKCF lambs identified significant terms linked to the biosynthesis of lipids and thermogenesis, which may be related to the higher expression of the UCP1 gene in this group. In contrast, the enrichment analysis of the 31 DEGs with increased expression in the High-KKCF lambs highlighted angiogenesis as a key biological process supported by the higher expression of some genes, such as VEGF-A and THBS1, which encode a major angiogenic factor and a large adhesive extracellular matrix glycoprotein, respectively. Discussion The increased expression of sestrins, which are negative regulators of the mTOR complex, suggests that the preadipocyte differentiation stage is being inhibited in the High-KKCF group in favor of adipose tissue expansion, in which vasculogenesis is an essential process. All of these results suggest that the fat depots of the High-KKCF animals are in a later stage of development than those of the Low-KKCF lambs. Further genomic studies based on larger sample sizes and complementary analyses, such as the identification of polymorphisms in the DEGs, should be designed to confirm these results and achieve a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying fat deposition in suckling lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Alonso-García
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pablo A. S. Fonseca
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Héctor Marina
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rocío Pelayo
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Javier Mateo
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Juan-José Arranz
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai H, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Wang R, Zhang G, Lambo MT, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang L. Altering the ratio of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids in dietary fat affects nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, growth performance, carcass, meat quality, and lipid metabolism gene expression of Angus bulls. Meat Sci 2023; 199:109138. [PMID: 36796287 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of changing the ratio of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids in dietary fat on nutritional metabolism, growth performance, and meat quality of finishing Angus bulls. Bulls received the following three treatments: (1) a control diet without fat supplement (CON), (2) CON + mixed fatty acid supplement (58% C16:0 + 28% cis-9 C18:1; MIX), (3) CON + saturated fatty acid supplement (87% C16:0 + 10% C18:0; SFA). In summary, both fat treatment diets simultaneously increased saturated fatty acids C16:0 (P = 0.025), C18:0 (P < 0.001) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.008) in muscle, thus balancing the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in muscle. MIX diet increased the digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.014), crude protein (P = 0.038), and ether extract (P = 0.036). SFA diet increased the daily gain (P = 0.032) and intramuscular fat content (P = 0.043). The high content of C16:0 and C18:0 in the SFA diet promoted weight gain and fat deposition of beef cattle by increasing feed intake, up-regulating the expression of lipid uptake genes and increasing deposition of total fatty acids, resulting in better growth performance and meat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yufan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guangning Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Modinat Tolani Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Research Institute of Applied Technologies, Honghe University, Mengzi 661199, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mwangi FW, Blignaut DJC, Charmley E, Gardiner CP, Malau-Aduli BS, Kinobe RT, Malau-Aduli AEO. Lipid Metabolism, Carcass Characteristics and Longissimus dorsi Muscle Fatty Acid Composition of Tropical Crossbred Beef Cattle in Response to Desmanthus spp. Forage Backgrounding. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120804. [PMID: 34940562 PMCID: PMC8707823 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism, carcass characteristics and fatty acid (FA) composition of the Longissimus dorsi (loin eye) muscle were evaluated in tropical crossbred steers backgrounded on Desmanthus spp. (desmanthus) with or without feedlot finishing. It was hypothesized that steers backgrounded on isonitrogenous diets augmented with incremental proportions of desmanthus will produce carcasses with similar characteristics and FA composition. Forty-eight Brahman, Charbray and Droughtmaster crossbred beef steers were backgrounded for 140 days on Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay augmented with 0, 15, 30 or 45 percent desmanthus on dry matter basis. Lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay was added to the 0, 15 and 30 percent desmanthus diets to ensure that they were isonitrogenous with the 45 percent desmanthus diet. After backgrounding, the two heaviest steers in each pen were slaughtered and the rest were finished in the feedlot for 95 days before slaughter. Muscle biopsy samples were taken at the beginning and end of the backgrounding phase. Carcasses were sampled at slaughter for intramuscular fat (IMF) content, fat melting point (FMP) and FA composition analyses. Increasing the proportion of desmanthus in the diet led to a linear increase in docosanoic acid (p = 0.04) and omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated FA ratio (n-6/n-3 PUFA; p = 0.01), while docosahexaenoic acid decreased linearly (p = 0.01). Feedlot finishing increased hot carcass weight, subcutaneous fat depth at the P8 site and dressing percentage (p ≤ 0.04). The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was within the recommended < 5 for human diets. IMF was within the consumer-preferred ≥3% level for palatability. The hypothesis that steers backgrounded on isonitrogenous diets augmented with incremental proportions of desmanthus will produce similar carcass characteristics and FA composition was accepted. These findings indicate that a combination of tropical beef cattle backgrounding on desmanthus augmented forage and short-term feedlot finishing produces healthy and highly palatable meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felista W. Mwangi
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - David J. C. Blignaut
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Edward Charmley
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Mail Bag Aitkenvale, Australian Tropical Sciences and Innovation Precinct, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Christopher P. Gardiner
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Robert T. Kinobe
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-747-815-339
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The effect of substitution of mixed grass hay with Urtica cannabina hay and/or Leymus chinensis hay on blood biochemical profile, carcass traits, and intramuscular fatty acid composition in finishing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Grajales SMB, Zuluaga JJE, Herrera AL, Osorio NR, Vergara DMB. RNA-seq differential gene expression analysis in mammary tissue from lactating dairy cows supplemented with sunflower oil. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Context
Nutrition is the main environmental factor that regulates the composition and secretion of milk fat. For this reason, supplementation of ruminant feed with lipid sources is proposed as a strategy to improve the milk fatty acid profile. However, incorporation of these compounds in milk depends not only on the structure of the diet but also on the efficient capture of nutrients by the mammary tissue and the coordination in the expression and regulation of multiple genes.
Aim
To evaluate the effect of supplementation with sunflower oil, on gene expression in the mammary gland of Holstein cows under grazing and in the first third of lactation, by using RNA sequencing technology.
Methods
Six Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a control group, and a group supplemented with 700 g/day of sunflower oil (unsaturated fatty acid) for 25 days. On the last day, a sample of mammary tissue was taken for RNA-seq analysis. Raw data were analysed by using the CLC Genomics Workbench software.
Key results
Milk protein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, PAEP (LGB), CSN3, CSN1S2 and LALBA were the most abundant in all samples. In the supplemented group, 13 genes were differentially expressed with a false discovery rate <0.15 of which six were upregulated (PRSS2, BEST3, LOC618633, ASB5, NTS and C2CD4B) and seven downregulated (BOLA, DEFB, CLIC6, ATP6V1B1, DCHS2, EYA4 and CYP4B1). These were related to immune-response processes, cell differentiation and membrane transport.
Conclusions
Supplementation with sunflower oil affects metabolism and other cellular functions in mammary tissue, influencing the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, and genes involved in cell–cell interactions, cell morphology, cell death and immune response.
Implications
These results help to highlight the mechanisms underlying in vivo responses to dietary factors such as supplementation with seed oil in lactating cows. This will serve as a basis for the future development of strategies that improve the fatty acid profile of milk.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hue-Beauvais C, Laubier J, Brun N, Houtia I, Jaffrezic F, Bevilacqua C, Le Provost F, Charlier M. Puberty is a critical window for the impact of diet on mammary gland development in the rabbit. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:948-960. [PMID: 31348557 PMCID: PMC6790954 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional changes can affect future lactation efficiency. In a rabbit model, an obesogenic diet initiated before puberty and pursued throughout pregnancy enhances mammary differentiation, but when started during the neonatal period can cause abnormal mammary development in early pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an unbalanced diet administered during the pubertal period only. Results Consuming an obesogenic diet at puberty did not affect either metabolic parameters or certain maternal reproductive parameters at the onset of adulthood. In contrast, at Day 8 of pregnancy, epithelial tissue showed a lower proliferation rate in obesogenic‐diet fed rabbits than in control‐diet fed rabbits. Wap and Cx26 genes, mammary epithelial cell differentiation markers, were upregulated although Wap protein level remained unchanged. However, the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and in alveolar formation was not modified. Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrate that the consumption for 5 weeks of an obesogenic diet during the pubertal period initiates mammary structure modifications and affects mammary epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Our findings highlight the potentially important role played by unbalanced nutrition during critical early‐life windows in terms of regulating mammary epithelial cell differentiation and subsequent function in adulthood. Our results demonstrate that the consumption for five weeks of an obesogenic diet during the pubertal period initiates mammary structure modifications and affects mammary epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Our findings highlight the potentially important role played by unbalanced nutrition during critical early‐life windows in terms of regulating mammary epithelial cell differentiation and subsequent function in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Hue-Beauvais
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johann Laubier
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Brun
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Inès Houtia
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Jaffrezic
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claudia Bevilacqua
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Madia Charlier
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Long-term effects of prior diets, dietary transition and pregnancy on adipose gene expression in dairy heifers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218723. [PMID: 31269511 PMCID: PMC6609222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is highly involved in whole-body metabolism and is the main site for lipid synthesis, storage and mobilization in ruminants. Therefore, knowledge about adipose tissue responses to different diets is important, especially in growing heifers as the feeding regimes of replacement heifers affect their future success as dairy cows. However, at gene expression level such knowledge is limited. As part of a larger feed trial, adipose tissue biopsies from 24 Norwegian Red heifers were collected at 12 months of age (12MO) and at month seven of gestation (PREG) and analyzed by next-generation mRNA sequencing. Between these two sampling points, all heifers had gone through a successful conception and a feed change from four dietary treatments of high or low energy (HE/LE) and protein (HP/LP) content (treatments LPHE, HPHE, LPLE and HPLE) to a low-energy, low-protein pregnancy feed given to all animals. Gene expression differences between different feed treatments at 12MO are described in an earlier publication from our group. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the long-term effects of diets differing in protein and energy density level on gene expression in adipose tissue of growing replacement dairy heifers. To achieve this, we examined the post-treatment effects between the treatment groups at month seven of gestation; 6 months after the termination of experimental feeding, and the long-term gene expression changes occurring in the adipose tissue between 12MO and PREG. Post-treatment group comparisons showed evidence of long-term effects of dietary treatment on adipose gene expression. Differences between protein treatments were smaller than between energy treatments. Adipose gene expression changes from 12MO to PREG were much larger for the HE than the LE treatments and seemed to mostly be explained by the characteristics of the diet change. 97 genes displayed a unidirectional expression change for all groups from 12MO to PREG, and are considered to be treatment-independent, possibly caused by pregnancy or increased age. This study provides candidate genes and key regulators for further studies on pregnancy preservation (TGFB1, CFD) and metabolic regulation and efficiency (PI3K, RICTOR, MAP4K4,) in dairy cattle.
Collapse
|
9
|
Duckett SK, Furusho-Garcia I, Rico JE, McFadden JW. Flaxseed Oil or n-7 Fatty Acid-Enhanced Fish Oil Supplementation Alters Fatty Acid Composition, Plasma Insulin and Serum Ceramide Concentrations, and Gene Expression in Lambs. Lipids 2019; 54:389-399. [PMID: 31148198 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of flaxseed (FLAX) oil or 16-carbon n-7 fatty acid -enhanced fish oil (Provinal; POA) supplementation on serum, liver and skeletal muscle fatty acid concentrations, serum ceramide and plasma insulin concentrations, and gene expression. Lambs [n = 18; 42 ± 5.6 kg body weight (BW); 7 months] were individually fed one of the three treatments: (1) control (CON), no oil supplement, (2) FLAX; at 0.1% of BW, or (3) POA at 0.1% of BW for 60 days. Daily feed intake and weight gain were decreased by 21% and 34%, respectively, for POA than FLAX. Liver and skeletal muscle concentrations of palmitoleic acid were greater by 396% and 87%, respectively, for POA than FLAX; whereas, liver and skeletal muscle α-linolenic acid concentrations were greater by 199% and 118%, respectively, for FLAX. Supplementation with POA also had greater serum and tissue concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Serum glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were elevated with FLAX supplementation at the end of the study. Supplementation with POA altered serum ceramide concentrations compared to CON or FLAX. Oil supplementation, both FLAX and POA, downregulated expression of unesterified fatty acid receptors (FFAR) 1 and FFAR4 in the liver; however, oil supplementation upregulated expression of FFAR1 in muscle. Interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) expression were downregulated with oil supplementation in the liver; however, FLAX upregulated TNFA in muscle. These results show that oil supplementation can enhance uptake and deposition of unique fatty acids that alter ceramide concentrations and gene expression in tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Duckett
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Iraides Furusho-Garcia
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - J Eduardo Rico
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joseph W McFadden
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effects of feeding regimens on meat quality, fatty acid composition and metabolism as related to gene expression in Chinese Sunit sheep. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
11
|
Leal LN, Romao JM, Hooiveld GJ, Soberon F, Berends H, Boekshoten MV, Van Amburgh ME, Martín-Tereso J, Steele MA. Nutrient supply alters transcriptome regulation in adipose tissue of pre-weaning Holstein calves. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201929. [PMID: 30080895 PMCID: PMC6078305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Performance of dairy cows can be influenced by early life nutrient supply. Adipose tissue is diet sensitive and an important component in that process as it is involved in the regulation of energetic, reproductive and immunological functions. However, it is not clear how early life nutrition alters the molecular regulation of adipose tissue in calves and potentially adult individuals. This study aimed at determining how differences in pre-weaning nutrient supply alter gene expression profiles and physiology in omental adipose tissue. A total of 12 female Holstein calves were fed two levels of milk replacer supply: a restricted amount of 11.72 MJ of metabolizable energy (ME) intake per day (n = 6) or an enhanced amount of 1.26 MJ ME intake per kg of metabolic body weight (BW0.75), resulting in supply from 17.58 to 35.17 MJ ME intake per day (n = 6). All calves had ad libitum access to a commercial calf starter and water. Analysis of the transcriptome profiles at 54 ± 2 days of age revealed that a total of 396 out of 19,968 genes were differentially expressed (DE) between groups (p < 0.001, FDR < 0.1). The directional expression of DE genes through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that an enhanced nutrient supply alters adipose tissue physiology of pre-weaned calves. Several biological functions were increased (Z-score > +2), including Lipid Metabolism (Fatty Acid Metabolism), Cell Cycle (Entry into Interphase, Interphase, Mitosis and Cell Cycle Progression), Cellular Assembly and Organization (Cytoskeleton Formation and Cytoplasm Development) and Molecular Transport (Transport of Carboxylic Acid). These changes were potentially orchestrated by the activation/inhibition of 17 upstream regulators genes. Our findings indicate that adipose tissue of calves under an enhanced nutrient supply is physiologically distinct from restricted calves due to an increased development/expansion rate and also a higher metabolic activity through increased fatty acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonel N. Leal
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (LNL); (MAS)
| | - Josue M. Romao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guido J. Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolomics and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Soberon
- Trouw Nutrition USA, Highland, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Harma Berends
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark V. Boekshoten
- Nutrition, Metabolomics and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | - Michael E. Van Amburgh
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Michael A. Steele
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (LNL); (MAS)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Costa ASH, Costa P, Alves SP, Alfaia CM, Prates JAM, Vleck V, Cassar-Malek I, Hocquette JF, Bessa RJB. Does growth path influence beef lipid deposition and fatty acid composition? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193875. [PMID: 29614102 PMCID: PMC5882120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in transcriptomics, gene expression studies addressing cattle´s skeletal muscle adaptations in response to compensatory growth are warranted, particularly regarding lipid metabolism due to its impact in meat sensory and nutritional traits. In the present study, in comparison to ad libitum feeding, a period of feed restriction was used in order to understand the changes in bull´s lipid metabolism and gene expression of the adipogenic and lipogenic pathways after re-alimentation. Thus, 40 young Alentejana bulls were either fed ad libitum (CG group) from 9 to 18 months of age or subjected to food restriction from 9 to 15 months of age, and fed ad libitum until 24 months of age (DG group). The intramuscular fat (IMF) and total fatty acids (FA) contents were similar between groups. The major FA (>2%) contents were similar (16:0, 16:1c9, 18:1c9 and 18:2n-6) between treatments with the exception of 18:0 content that was 15% lower in DG than in CG and 20:4n-6 that tended to be greater on DG bulls. Regarding minor FA (<2%), the DG group presented greater proportions (P<0.01) of 17:1c9, 18:1t9, 18:1t10 (, 18:1c11), 18:1c13, 18:3n-6, 22:0, 22:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 and lower (P<0.05) proportions of 20:0, 18:1t16+c14, and branched chain FA (iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, iso-16:0 and anteiso-17:0) than the CG group. Delta-9 desaturase activity indices were consistently greater (P<0.05) in DG, when compared to the CG group. Regarding microarray analysis, differentially expressed genes between CG and DG bulls were grouped in 5 main biological functions: lipid and nucleic acid metabolisms, small molecule biochemistry, molecular transport and translational modification. Discontinuous growth down-regulated the expression of ACACB (FC (fold-change) = 1.32), FABP3 (FC = 1.45), HADHA (FC = 1.41) and SLC37A4 (FC = 1.40) genes, when compared to the CG system (FDR<0.05). In contrast, in the CG bulls, the expression of ELOVL5 (FC = 1.58) and FASN (FC = 1.71) was down-regulated when compared to DG bulls. These results were confirmed to be significant (P<0.05) in the case of ELOVL5, FASN and SLC37A4, and almost significant for FABP3 by qRT-PCR analysis. The SCD1 and SCD5 gene expressions were not found to be affected by growth path. These results contribute to the still scarce knowledge about the mechanisms involved in fatty acid metabolism during compensatory growth which have decisive role on meat quality produced in Mediterranean areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. H. Costa
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Costa
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Susana P. Alves
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Alfaia
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Veronica Vleck
- CIPER – Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da costa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Cassar-Malek
- INRA, UR 1213, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Theix, Saint-Genés Champanelle, France
- Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213, Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-François Hocquette
- INRA, UR 1213, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Theix, Saint-Genés Champanelle, France
- Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213, Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rui J. B. Bessa
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Teixeira PD, Oliveira DM, Chizzotti ML, Chalfun-Junior A, Coelho TC, Gionbelli M, Paiva LV, Carvalho JRR, Ladeira MM. Subspecies and diet affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and chemical composition of muscle in beef cattle. Meat Sci 2017; 133:110-118. [PMID: 28666109 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen Nellore and 14 Angus young bulls with BW of 381±11.8kg were randomly assigned into 2 feeding groups (whole shelled corn without forage (WSC) or corn silage and ground corn (GC)) to evaluate chemical composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the longissimus thoracis (LT). We hypothesized that bulls fed the WSC diet have greater amounts of intramuscular fat and Angus have higher expression levels of PPAR and SREBF. Meat from Angus bulls had greater ether extract compared to Nellore (P<0.05). Muscle from bulls fed the WSC diet had greater expression of PPARA (P<0.05) and lower levels of SREBF1 expression (P<0.01). The LT of Nellore fed GC had greater expression of FABP4, ACACA and SCD genes (P<0.01). In conclusion, the greater concentration of starch in the WSC diet did not increase marbling in the beef of bulls fed this diet due to the reduced expression of SREBF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla D Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Dalton M Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Mato Grasso do Sul, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul 79.200-000, Brazil
| | - Mario L Chizzotti
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Tamara C Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - MateusP Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano V Paiva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - José Roberto R Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ladeira MM, Schoonmaker JP, Gionbelli MP, Dias JCO, Gionbelli TRS, Carvalho JRR, Teixeira PD. Nutrigenomics and Beef Quality: A Review about Lipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060918. [PMID: 27294923 PMCID: PMC4926451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present review is to discuss the results of published studies that show how nutrition affects the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and how diet manipulation might change marbling and composition of fat in beef. Several key points in the synthesis of fat in cattle take place at the molecular level, and the association of nutritional factors with the modulation of this metabolism is one of the recent targets of nutrigenomic research. Within this context, special attention has been paid to the study of nuclear receptors associated with fatty acid metabolism. Among the transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) stand out. The mRNA synthesis of these transcription factors is regulated by nutrients, and their metabolic action might be potentiated by diet components and change lipogenesis in muscle. Among the options for dietary manipulation with the objective to modulate lipogenesis, the use of different sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, starch concentrations, forage ratios and vitamins stand out. Therefore, special care must be exercised in feedlot feed management, mainly when the goal is to produce high marbling beef.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Jon P Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Mateus P Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Júlio C O Dias
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Priscilla D Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu T, Tao H, Chang G, Zhang K, Xu L, Shen X. Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:52. [PMID: 25879209 PMCID: PMC4353475 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) participates in fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants. Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. Results The results showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group. The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. The expression of SCD1 in the liver was significantly down-regulated in the HC group. In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. Conclusions These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Hui Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Guangjun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The effects of linseed or chia seed dietary supplementation on adipose tissue development, fatty acid composition, and lipogenic gene expression in lambs. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
17
|
da Costa ASH, Pires VMR, Fontes CMGA, Mestre Prates JA. Expression of genes controlling fat deposition in two genetically diverse beef cattle breeds fed high or low silage diets. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:118. [PMID: 23767408 PMCID: PMC3691746 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both genetic background and finishing system can alter fat deposition, thus indicating their influence on adipogenic and lipogenic factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fat deposition and fatty acid composition in beef cattle are not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of breed and dietary silage level on the expression patterns of key genes controlling lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle of cattle. To that purpose, forty bulls from two genetically diverse Portuguese bovine breeds with distinct maturity rates, Alentejana and Barrosã, were selected and fed either low (30% maize silage/70% concentrate) or high silage (70% maize silage/30% concentrate) diets. Results The results suggested that enhanced deposition of fatty acids in the SAT from Barrosã bulls, when compared to Alentejana, could be due to higher expression levels of lipogenesis (SCD and LPL) and β-oxidation (CRAT) related genes. Our results also indicated that SREBF1 expression in the SAT is increased by feeding the low silage diet. Together, these results point out to a higher lipid turnover in the SAT of Barrosã bulls when compared to Alentejana. In turn, lipid deposition in the LL muscle is related to the expression of adipogenic (PPARG and FABP4) and lipogenic (ACACA and SCD) genes. The positive correlation between ACACA expression levels and total lipids, as well trans fatty acids, points to ACACA as a major player in intramuscular deposition in ruminants. Moreover, results reinforce the role of FABP4 in intramuscular fat development and the SAT as the major site for lipid metabolism in ruminants. Conclusions Overall, the results showed that SAT and LL muscle fatty acid composition are mostly dependent on the genetic background. In addition, dietary silage level impacted on muscle lipid metabolism to a greater extent than on that of SAT, as evaluated by gene expression levels of adipogenic and lipogenic factors. Moreover, the response to diet composition evaluated through mRNA levels and fatty acid composition showed interesting differences between Alentejana and Barrosã bulls. These findings provide evidence that the genetic background should be taken into account while devising diet-based strategies to manipulate fatty acid composition of beef cattle tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Henriques da Costa
- Secção de Bioquímica, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av, da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Moradi-Shahrbabak M, Ebrahimie E. Underlying functional genomics of fat deposition in adipose tissue. Gene 2013; 521:122-8. [PMID: 23523858 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of fat deposition. Two sheep breeds with large fat-tail (Lori-Bakhtiari) and with thin-tail (Zel) were used as models. To determine important and key candidate lipid metabolism related genes, comparative genomic approaches were employed. Gene expression profiles of adipose tissues were analyzed in human, pig, and cattle by express sequence tag (EST) analysis. EST analysis determined 65, 102 and 125 transcripts in human, pig and cattle respectively with at least 10 fold over-expression in the adipose tissue. Based on our comparative functional genomic analysis, seven genes were more abundant and common in investigated mammalian adipose tissues promising a conserved novel gene network in mammalian lipid metabolism. The candidate genes including fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were selected for further gene expression investigation within two sheep breeds. The real time PCR results showed that among the genes tested, FABP4 was expressed at higher levels than the others. The expression of FABP4 was significantly higher in the fat-tail of Lori-Bakhtiari than in the fat-tail and visceral adipose tissues of Zel (P<0.05). The findings suggest that the FABP4 gene expression in the fat-tail is an important index of fat deposition.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shahzad K, Loor JJ. Application of Top-Down and Bottom-up Systems Approaches in Ruminant Physiology and Metabolism. Curr Genomics 2013; 13:379-94. [PMID: 23372424 PMCID: PMC3401895 DOI: 10.2174/138920212801619269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology is a computational field that has been used for several years across different scientific areas of biological research to uncover the complex interactions occurring in living organisms. Applications of systems concepts at the mammalian genome level are quite challenging, and new complimentary computational/experimental techniques are being introduced. Most recent work applying modern systems biology techniques has been conducted on bacteria, yeast, mouse, and human genomes. However, these concepts and tools are equally applicable to other species including ruminants (e.g., livestock). In systems biology, both bottom-up and top-down approaches are central to assemble information from all levels of biological pathways that must coordinate physiological processes. A bottom-up approach encompasses draft reconstruction, manual curation, network reconstruction through mathematical methods, and validation of these models through literature analysis (i.e., bibliomics). Whereas top-down approach encompasses metabolic network reconstructions using ‘omics’ data (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics) generated through DNA microarrays, RNA-Seq or other modern high-throughput genomic techniques using appropriate statistical and bioinformatics methodologies. In this review we focus on top-down approach as a means to improve our knowledge of underlying metabolic processes in ruminants in the context of nutrition. We also explore the usefulness of tissue specific reconstructions (e.g., liver and adipose tissue) in cattle as a means to enhance productive efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Corazzin M, Bovolenta S, Saccà E, Bianchi G, Piasentier E. Effect of linseed addition on the expression of some lipid metabolism genes in the adipose tissue of young Italian Simmental and Holstein bulls1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:405-12. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-5057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Corazzin
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - S. Bovolenta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - E. Saccà
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - G. Bianchi
- ERSA, Agency for Rural Development, Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - E. Piasentier
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Romao JM, Jin W, He M, McAllister T, Guan LL. Altered microRNA expression in bovine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues from cattle under different diet. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40605. [PMID: 22815773 PMCID: PMC3398999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of molecular regulators found to participate in numerous biological processes, including adipogenesis in mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the differences of miRNA expression between bovine subcutaneous (backfat) and visceral fat depots (perirenal fat) and the dietary effect on miRNA expression in these fat tissues. Methodology/Principal Findings Fat tissues were collected from 16 Hereford×Aberdeen Angus cross bred steers (15.5 month old) fed a high-fat diet (5.85% fat, n = 8) or control diet (1.95% fat, n = 8). Total RNA from each animal was subjected to miRNA microarray analysis using a customized Agilent miRNA microarray containing 672 bovine miRNA probes. Expression of miRNAs was not equal between fat depots as well as diets: 207 miRNAs were detected in both fat depots, while 37 of these were found to be tissue specific; and 169 miRNAs were commonly expressed under two diets while 75 were diet specific. The number of miRNAs detected per animal fed the high fat diet was higher than those fed control diet (p = 0.037 in subcutaneous fat and p = 0.002 visceral fat). Further qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of some miRNAs was highly influenced by diet (miR-19a, -92a, -92b, -101, -103, -106, -142–5p, and 296) or fat depot (miR-196a and -2454). Conclusions/Significance Our results revealed that the miRNA may differ among adipose depots and level of fat in the diet, suggesting that miRNAs may play a role in the regulation of bovine adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josue Moura Romao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Weiwu Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maolong He
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Magdalon J, Hatanaka E, Romanatto T, Rodrigues HG, Kuwabara WMT, Scaife C, Newsholme P, Curi R. A proteomic analysis of the functional effects of fatty acids in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:218. [PMID: 22114894 PMCID: PMC3281802 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that long chain fatty acids influence fibroblast function at sub-lethal concentrations. This study is the first to assess the effects of oleic, linoleic or palmitic acids on protein expression of fibroblasts, as determined by standard proteomic techniques. The fatty acids were not cytotoxic at the concentration used in this work as assessed by membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation and the MTT assay but significantly increased cell proliferation. Subsequently, a proteomic analysis was performed using two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and MS based identification. Cells treated with 50 μM oleic, linoleic or palmitic acid for 24 h were associated with 24, 22, 16 spots differentially expressed, respectively. Among the identified proteins, α-enolase and far upstream element binding protein 1 (FBP-1) are of importance due to their function in fibroblast-associated diseases. However, modulation of α-enolase and FBP-1 expression by fatty acids was not validated by the Western blot technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Magdalon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University Cruzeiro do Sul, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Romanatto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hosana G Rodrigues
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson MT Kuwabara
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caitriona Scaife
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Rui Curi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dietary n-3 PUFA affect lipid metabolism and tissue function-related genes in bovine muscle. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:858-63. [PMID: 22093548 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiles of bovine longissimus muscle as affected by dietary n-3 v. n-6 fatty acid (FA) intervention were analysed by microarray pre-screening of >3000 muscle biology/meat quality-related genes as well as subsequent quantitative RT-PCR gene expression validation of genes encoding lipogenesis-related transcription factors (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1), key-lipogenic enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)), lipid storage-associated proteins (adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP)) and muscle biology-related proteins (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, α1, farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase 1, sema domain 3C (SEMA3C)). Down-regulation of ACACA (P = 0·00), FASN (P = 0·09) and SCD (P = 0·02) gene expression upon an n-3 FA intervention directly corresponded to reduced SFA, MUFA and total FA concentrations in longissimus muscle, whereas changes in ADFP (P = 0·00) and SEMA3C (P = 0·05) gene expression indicated improved muscle function via enhanced energy metabolism, vasculogenesis, innervation and mediator synthesis. The present study highlights the significance of dietary n-3 FA intervention on muscle development, maintenance and function, which are relevant for meat quality tailoring of bovine tissues and modulating animal production-relevant physiological processes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids Significantly Suppress Lipogenesis in Bovine Muscle and Adipose Tissue: A Functional Genomics Approach. Lipids 2011; 46:557-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
25
|
Joseph SJ, Pratt SL, Pavan E, Rekaya R, Duckett SK. Omega-6 fat supplementation alters lipogenic gene expression in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2010; 4:91-101. [PMID: 21072324 PMCID: PMC2976073 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s5831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to rodents, adipose tissue serves as the major site of lipogenesis and storage reservoir for excess dietary energy in cattle. Research in rodents shows that adding corn oil (57% C18:2 n-6) to the diet alters lipogenesis enhancing deposition of omega-6 fatty acids. This study examines changes in lipogenic gene expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue from eighteen steers fed increasing levels of dietary corn oil [0 (NONE), 0.31 kg/d (MED) and 0.62 kg/d (HI)] using two platforms, qPCR and microarray. The results show that MED level of oil supplementation up-regulates gene expression of key lipogenic enzymes but that as oil supplementation reaches HI level mRNA encoding lipogenic enzymes responsible for de novo synthesis and desaturation are down-regulated. Changes in specific lipogenic mRNA levels are correlated with changes in tissue fatty acid composition where de novo and desatured fatty acids were reduced with the highest level of oil supplementation.
Collapse
|