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Ye T, Yuan J, Raza SHA, Deng T, Yang L, Ahmad MJ, Hosseini SM, Zhang X, Alamoudi MO, AlGabbani Q, Alghamdi YS, Chen C, Liang A, Schreurs NM, Yang L. Evolutionary analysis of buffalo sterol regulatory element-binding factor (SREBF) family genes and their affection on milk traits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2082-2093. [PMID: 35533681 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2070185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element-binding factor (SREBF) genes are a vital group of proteins binding to the sterol regulatory element 1 (SRE-1) regulating the synthesis of fatty acid. Two potential candidate genes (SREBF1 and SREBF2) have been identified as affecting milk traits. This study aims to identify the SREBF family of genes and find candidate markers or SREBF genes influencing lactation production in buffalo. A genome-wide study was performed and identified seven SREBF genes randomly distributed on 7 chromosomes and 24 protein isoforms in buffalos. The SREBF family of genes were also characterized in cattle, goat, sheep and horse, and using these all-protein sequences, a phylogenetic tree was built. The SREBF family genes were homologous between each other in the five livestock. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within or near the SREBF genes in the buffalo genome were identified and at least one milk production trait was associated with three of the SNP. The expression of SREBF genes at different lactation stages in buffalo and cattle from published data were compared and the SREBF genes retained a high expression throughout lactation with the trend being the same for buffalo and cattle. These results provide valuable information for clarifying the evolutionary relationship of the SREBF family genes and determining the role of SREBF genes in the regulation of milk production in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingxian Deng
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lv Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Jamil Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hosseini
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muna O Alamoudi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qwait AlGabbani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef S Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aixin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicola M Schreurs
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Chua BH, Zaal Anuar N, Ferry L, Domrane C, Wittek A, Mukundan VT, Jha S, Butter F, Tenen DG, Defossez PA, Kappei D. E4F1 and ZNF148 are transcriptional activators of the -57A > C and wild-type TERT promoter. Genome Res 2023; 33:1893-1905. [PMID: 37918959 PMCID: PMC10760450 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277724.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Point mutations within the TERT promoter are the most recurrent somatic noncoding mutations identified across different cancer types, including glioblastoma, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and bladder cancer. They are most abundant at -146C > T and -124C > T, and rarer at -57A > C, with the latter originally described as a familial case, but subsequently shown also to occur somatically. All three mutations create de novo E26-specific (ETS) binding sites and result in activation of the TERT gene, allowing cancer cells to achieve replicative immortality. Here, we used a systematic proteomics screen to identify transcription factors preferentially binding to the -146C > T, -124C > T, and -57A > C mutations. Although we confirmed binding of multiple ETS factors to the mutant -146C > T and -124C > T sequences, we identified E4F1 as a -57A > C-specific binder and ZNF148 as a TERT wild-type (WT) promoter binder that showed reduced interaction with the -124C > T allele. Both proteins are activating transcription factors that bind specifically to the -57A > C and WT (at position 124) TERT promoter sequence in corresponding cell lines, and up-regulate TERT transcription and telomerase activity. Our work describes new regulators of TERT gene expression with possible roles in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Haow Chua
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore
| | - Nurkaiyisah Zaal Anuar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Laure Ferry
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Domrane
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Anna Wittek
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Vineeth T Mukundan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Falk Butter
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), Friedrich Loeffler Institute, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Dennis Kappei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
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3
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Ríos AS, Paula De Vincenti A, Casadei M, Aquino JB, Brumovsky PR, Paratcha G, Ledda F. Etv4 regulates nociception by controlling peptidergic sensory neuron development and peripheral tissue innervation. Development 2022; 149:276156. [PMID: 35904071 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The perception of noxious environmental stimuli by nociceptive sensory neurons is an essential mechanism for the prevention of tissue damage. Etv4 is a transcriptional factor expressed in most nociceptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during the embryonic development. However, its physiological role remains unclear. Here, we show that Etv4 ablation results in defects in the development of the peripheral peptidergic projections in vivo, and in deficits in axonal elongation and growth cone morphology in cultured sensory neurons in response to NGF. From a mechanistic point of view, our findings reveal that NGF regulates Etv4-dependent gene expression of molecules involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Etv4-null mice were less sensitive to noxious heat stimuli and chemical pain, and this behavioral phenotype correlates with a significant reduction in the expression of the pain-transducing ion channel TRPV1 in mutant mice. Together, our data demonstrate that Etv4 is required for the correct innervation and function of peptidergic sensory neurons, regulating a transcriptional program that involves molecules associated with axonal growth and pain transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella S. Ríos
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires 1 , Buenos Aires C1405 BWE, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula De Vincenti
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (UBA) 2 , Buenos Aires 1121, CP1121 , Argentina
| | - Mailin Casadei
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET-Universidad Austral 3 , Buenos Aires B1629 ODT, Argentina
| | - Jorge B. Aquino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET-Universidad Austral 3 , Buenos Aires B1629 ODT, Argentina
| | - Pablo R. Brumovsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET-Universidad Austral 3 , Buenos Aires B1629 ODT, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (UBA) 2 , Buenos Aires 1121, CP1121 , Argentina
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires 1 , Buenos Aires C1405 BWE, Argentina
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Poon GMK. The Non-continuum Nature of Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1371:11-32. [PMID: 33616894 PMCID: PMC8380751 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic transcription factors are versatile mediators of specificity in gene regulation. This versatility is achieved through mutual specification by context-specific DNA binding on the one hand, and identity-specific protein-protein partnerships on the other. This interactivity, known as combinatorial control, enables a repertoire of complex transcriptional outputs that are qualitatively disjoint, or non-continuum, with respect to binding affinity. This feature contrasts starkly with prokaryotic gene regulators, whose activities in general vary quantitatively in step with binding affinity. Biophysical studies on prokaryotic model systems and more recent investigations on transcription factors highlight an important role for folded state dynamics and molecular hydration in protein/DNA recognition. Analysis of molecular models of combinatorial control and recent literature in low-affinity gene regulation suggest that transcription factors harbor unique conformational dynamics that are inaccessible or unused by prokaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Thus, understanding the intrinsic dynamics involved in DNA binding and co-regulator recruitment appears to be a key to understanding how transcription factors mediate non-continuum outcomes in eukaryotic gene expression, and how such capability might have evolved from ancient, structurally conserved counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M K Poon
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Gao J, Gao A, Liu W, Chen L. Golgi stress response: A regulatory mechanism of Golgi function. Biofactors 2021; 47:964-974. [PMID: 34500494 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The organelle of eukaryotes is a finely regulated system. Once disturbed, it activates the specific autoregulatory systems, namely, organelle autoregulation. Among which, the Golgi stress response accounts for one. When the abundance and capacity of the Golgi apparatus are insufficient compared with cellular demand, the Golgi stress response is activated to enhance the function of the Golgi apparatus. Although the molecular mechanism of the Golgi stress response has not been well characterized yet, it seems to be an important part of the mammalian stress response. In this review, we discuss the current status of research on the six pathways of the mammalian Golgi stress response (the TFE3, heat shock protein 47, CREB3, E26 transformation specific, proteoglycan, and mucin pathways), which regulate the general function of the Golgi apparatus, anti-apoptosis, pro-apoptosis, proteoglycan glycosylation, and mucin glycosylation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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6
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Srivastava M, Kaplan MH. Transcription Factors in the Development and Pro-Allergic Function of Mast Cells. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:679121. [PMID: 35387064 PMCID: PMC8974754 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.679121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells of hematopoietic origin localized in the mucosal tissues of the body and are broadly implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. Transcription factors have a pivotal role in the development and differentiation of mast cells in response to various microenvironmental signals encountered in the resident tissues. Understanding the regulation of mast cells by transcription factors is therefore vital for mechanistic insights into allergic diseases. In this review we summarize advances in defining the transcription factors that impact the development of mast cells throughout the body and in specific tissues, and factors that are involved in responding to the extracellular milieu. We will further describe the complex networks of transcription factors that impact mast cell physiology and expansion during allergic inflammation and functions from degranulation to cytokine secretion. As our understanding of the heterogeneity of mast cells becomes more detailed, the contribution of specific transcription factors in mast cell-dependent functions will potentially offer new pathways for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Srivastava
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark H. Kaplan
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7
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Gene Regulatory Network of ETS Domain Transcription Factors in Different Stages of Glioma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020138. [PMID: 33671331 PMCID: PMC7922321 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ETS domain family of transcription factors is involved in a number of biological processes, and is commonly misregulated in various forms of cancer. Using microarray datasets from patients with different grades of glioma, we have analyzed the expression profiles of various ETS genes, and have identified ETV1, ELK3, ETV4, ELF4, and ETV6 as novel biomarkers for the identification of different glioma grades. We have further analyzed the gene regulatory networks of ETS transcription factors and compared them to previous microarray studies, where Elk-1-VP16 or PEA3-VP16 were overexpressed in neuroblastoma cell lines, and we identify unique and common regulatory networks for these ETS proteins.
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8
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Vedelek B, Maddali AK, Davenova N, Vedelek V, Boros IM. TERT promoter alterations could provide a solution for Peto's paradox in rodents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20815. [PMID: 33257697 PMCID: PMC7704627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease caused by changes in gene expression resulting from somatic mutations and epigenetic changes. Although the probability of mutations is proportional with cell number and replication cycles, large bodied species do not develop cancer more frequently than smaller ones. This notion is known as Peto's paradox, and assumes stronger tumor suppression in larger animals. One of the possible tumor suppressor mechanisms involved could be replicative senescence caused by telomere shortening in the absence of telomerase activity. We analysed telomerase promoter activity and transcription factor binding in mammals to identify the key element of telomerase gene inactivation. We found that the GABPA transcription factor plays a key role in TERT regulation in somatic cells of small rodents, but its binding site is absent in larger beavers. Protein binding and reporter gene assays verify different use of this site in different species. The presence or absence of the GABPA TF site in TERT promoters of rodents correlates with TERT promoter activity; thus it could determine whether replicative senescence plays a tumor suppressor role in these species, which could be in direct relation with body mass. The GABPA TF binding sites that contribute to TERT activity in somatic cells of rodents are analogous to those mutated in human tumors, which activate telomerase by a non-ALT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Vedelek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Asha Kiran Maddali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nurgul Davenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktor Vedelek
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre M Boros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
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9
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Huang K, Xhani S, Albrecht AV, Ha VLT, Esaki S, Poon GMK. Mechanism of cognate sequence discrimination by the ETS-family transcription factor ETS-1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9666-9678. [PMID: 31048376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional evidence increasingly implicates low-affinity DNA recognition by transcription factors as a general mechanism for the spatiotemporal control of developmental genes. Although the DNA sequence requirements for affinity are well-defined, the dynamic mechanisms that execute cognate recognition are much less resolved. To address this gap, here we examined ETS1, a paradigm developmental transcription factor, as a model for which cognate discrimination remains enigmatic. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we interrogated the DNA-binding domain of murine ETS1 alone and when bound to high-and low-affinity cognate sites or to nonspecific DNA. The results of our analyses revealed collective backbone and side-chain motions that distinguished cognate versus nonspecific as well as high- versus low-affinity cognate DNA binding. Combined with binding experiments with site-directed ETS1 mutants, the molecular dynamics data disclosed a triad of residues that respond specifically to low-affinity cognate DNA. We found that a DNA-contacting residue (Gln-336) specifically recognizes low-affinity DNA and triggers the loss of a distal salt bridge (Glu-343/Arg-378) via a large side-chain motion that compromises the hydrophobic packing of two core helices. As an intact Glu-343/Arg-378 bridge is the default state in unbound ETS1 and maintained in high-affinity and nonspecific complexes, the low-affinity complex represents a unique conformational adaptation to the suboptimization of developmental enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregory M K Poon
- From the Department of Chemistry and .,Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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10
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Wang SH, Cheng CY, Tang PC, Chen CF, Chen HH, Lee YP, Huang SY. Acute heat stress induces differential gene expressions in the testes of a broiler-type strain of Taiwan country chickens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125816. [PMID: 25932638 PMCID: PMC4416790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of testicular genes following acute heat stress has been reported in layer-type roosters, but few similar studies have been conducted on broilers. This study investigated the effect of acute heat stress on the gene expression in the testes of a broiler-type strain of Taiwan country chickens. Roosters were subjected to acute heat stress (38°C) for 4 h, and then exposed to 25°C, with testes collected 0, 2, and 6 h after the cessation of heat stress, using non-heat-stressed roosters as controls (n = 3 roosters per group). The body temperature and respiratory rate increased significantly (p<0.05) during the heat stress. The numbers of apoptotic cells increased 2 h after the acute heat stress (79 ± 7 vs. 322 ± 192, control vs. heat stress; p<0.05), which was earlier than the time of increase in layer-type roosters. Based on a chicken 44 K oligo microarray, 163 genes were found to be expressed significantly different in the testes of the heat-stressed chickens from those of the controls, including genes involved in the response to stimulus, protein metabolism, signal transduction, cell adhesion, transcription, and apoptosis. The mRNA expressions of upregulated genes, including HSP25, HSP90AA1, HSPA2, and LPAR2, and of downregulated genes, including CDH5, CTNNA3, EHF, CIRBP, SLA, and NTF3, were confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, numerous transcripts in the testes exhibited distinct expressions between the heat-stressed broiler-type and layer-type chickens. We concluded that the transcriptional responses of testes to acute heat stress may differ between the broiler-type and layer-type roosters. Whether the differential expression patterns associate with the heat-tolerance in the strains require a further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Wang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Yu Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsin Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Pai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Newman JA, Cooper CDO, Aitkenhead H, Gileadi O. Structural insights into the autoregulation and cooperativity of the human transcription factor Ets-2. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8539-49. [PMID: 25670864 PMCID: PMC4375503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.619270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ets-2, like its closely related homologue Ets-1, is a member of the Ets family of DNA binding transcription factors. Both proteins are subject to multiple levels of regulation of their DNA binding and transactivation properties. One such regulatory mechanism is the presence of an autoinhibitory module, which in Ets-1 allosterically inhibits the DNA binding activity. This inhibition can be relieved by interaction with protein partners or cooperative binding to closely separated Ets binding sites in a palindromic arrangement. In this study we describe the 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of a DNA complex of the Ets-2 Ets domain. The Ets domain crystallized with two distinct species in the asymmetric unit, which closely resemble the autoinhibited and DNA bound forms of Ets-1. This discovery prompted us to re-evaluate the current model for the autoinhibitory mechanism and the structural basis for cooperative DNA binding. In contrast to Ets-1, in which the autoinhibition is caused by a combination of allosteric and steric mechanisms, we were unable to find clear evidence for the allosteric mechanism in Ets-2. We also demonstrated two possibly distinct types of cooperative binding to substrates with Ets binding motifs separated by four and six base pairs and suggest possible molecular mechanisms for this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Newman
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D O Cooper
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Aitkenhead
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Opher Gileadi
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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12
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Hollenhorst PC, McIntosh LP, Graves BJ. Genomic and biochemical insights into the specificity of ETS transcription factors. Annu Rev Biochem 2011; 80:437-71. [PMID: 21548782 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.79.081507.103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ETS proteins are a group of evolutionarily related, DNA-binding transcriptional factors. These proteins direct gene expression in diverse normal and disease states by binding to specific promoters and enhancers and facilitating assembly of other components of the transcriptional machinery. The highly conserved DNA-binding ETS domain defines the family and is responsible for specific recognition of a common sequence motif, 5'-GGA(A/T)-3'. Attaining specificity for biological regulation in such a family is thus a conundrum. We present the current knowledge of routes to functional diversity and DNA binding specificity, including divergent properties of the conserved ETS and PNT domains, the involvement of flanking structured and unstructured regions appended to these dynamic domains, posttranslational modifications, and protein partnerships with other DNA-binding proteins and coregulators. The review emphasizes recent advances from biochemical and biophysical approaches, as well as insights from genomic studies that detect ETS-factor occupancy in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Hollenhorst
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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