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Wani TU, Khan RS, Rather AH, Beigh MA, Sheikh FA. Local dual delivery therapeutic strategies: Using biomaterials for advanced bone tissue regeneration. J Control Release 2021; 339:143-155. [PMID: 34563589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone development is a complex process involving a vast number of growth factors and chemical substances. These factors include transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and most importantly, the bone morphogenetic protein, which exhibits excellent therapeutic value in bone repair. However, the spatial-temporal relationship in the expression of these factors during bone formation makes the bone repair a more complicated process to address. Thus, using a single therapeutic agent to address bone formation does not seem to provide a clinically effective option. Conversely, a dual delivery approach facilitating the co-delivery of agents has proved to be a dynamic alternative since such a strategy can provide more efficient spatial-temporal action. Such delivery systems can smartly target more than one pathway or differentiation lineage and thus offer more efficient bone regeneration. This review discusses various dual delivery strategies reported in the literature employed to achieve improved bone regeneration. These include concurrent use of different therapeutic agents (including growth factors and drugs), enhancing bone formation and cell recruitment, and improving the efficiency of bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Umair Wani
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rumysa Saleem Khan
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anjum Hamid Rather
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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2
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Current Status on Canine Foetal Fluid and Adnexa Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082254. [PMID: 34438710 PMCID: PMC8388464 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective standards of care treatment guidelines have been developed for many canine diseases. However, a subpopulation of patients is partially or completely refractory to these protocols, so their owners seek novel therapies such as treatments with MSCs. Although in dogs, as with human medicine, the most studied MSCs sources have been bone marrow and adipose tissue, in recent years, many researchers have drawn attention towards alternative sources, such as foetal adnexa and fluid, since they possess many advantages over bone marrow and adipose tissue. Foetal adnexa and fluid could be considered as discarded material; therefore, sampling is non-invasive, inexpensive and free from ethical considerations. Furthermore, MSCs derived from foetal adnexa and fluid preserve some of the characteristics of the primitive embryonic layers from which they originate and seem to present immune-modulatory properties that make them a good candidate for allo- and xenotransplantation. The aim of the present review is to offer an update on the state of the art on canine MSCs derived from foetal adnexa and fluid focusing on the findings in their clinical setting.
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3
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Harman RM, Marx C, Van de Walle GR. Translational Animal Models Provide Insight Into Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Secretome Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654885. [PMID: 33869217 PMCID: PMC8044970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) secretome, consisting of all molecules secreted by MSCs, is intensively studied. MSCs can be readily isolated, expanded, and manipulated in culture, and few people argue with the ethics of their collection. Despite promising pre-clinical studies, most MSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine, in part because the complexity of bioactive factors secreted by MSCs is not completely understood. In addition, the MSC secretome is variable, influenced by individual donor, tissue source of origin, culture conditions, and passage. An increased understanding of the factors that make up the secretome and the ability to manipulate MSCs to consistently secrete factors of biologic importance will improve MSC therapy. To aid in this goal, we can draw from the wealth of information available on secreted factors from MSC isolated from veterinary species. These translational animal models will inspire efforts to move human MSC secretome therapy from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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4
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Kangari P, Talaei-Khozani T, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Razmkhah M. Mesenchymal stem cells: amazing remedies for bone and cartilage defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 33225992 PMCID: PMC7681994 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various medical fields, including skeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with mesodermal and neural crest origin. These cells are one of the most attractive candidates in regenerative medicine, and their use could be helpful in repairing and regeneration of skeletal disorders through several mechanisms including homing, angiogenesis, differentiation, and response to inflammatory condition. The most widely studied sources of MSCs are bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, muscle, umbilical cord (UC), umbilical cord blood (UCB), placenta (PL), Wharton's jelly (WJ), and amniotic fluid. These cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes in vitro. MSCs obtained from various sources have diverse capabilities of secreting many different cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. It is believed that the salutary effects of MSCs from different sources are not alike in terms of repairing or reformation of injured skeletal tissues. Accordingly, differential identification of MSCs' secretome enables us to make optimal choices in skeletal disorders considering various sources. This review discusses and compares the therapeutic abilities of MSCs from different sources for bone and cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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Barboni B, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mauro A, Valbonetti L, Sanyal H, Canciello A, Greco L, Muttini A, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Mattioli M. Placental Stem Cells from Domestic Animals: Translational Potential and Clinical Relevance. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:93-116. [PMID: 29562773 PMCID: PMC6434480 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine is moving toward clinical practice in veterinary science. In this context, placenta-derived stem cells isolated from domestic animals have covered a dual role, acting both as therapies for patients and as a valuable cell source for translational models. The biological properties of placenta-derived cells, comparable among mammals, make them attractive candidates for therapeutic approaches. In particular, stemness features, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory activity, multilineage plasticity, and their successful capacity for long-term engraftment in different host tissues after autotransplantation, allo-transplantation, or xenotransplantation have been demonstrated. Their beneficial regenerative effects in domestic animals have been proven using preclinical studies as well as clinical trials starting to define the mechanisms involved. This is, in particular, for amniotic-derived cells that have been thoroughly studied to date. The regenerative role arises from a mutual tissue-specific cell differentiation and from the paracrine secretion of bioactive molecules that ultimately drive crucial repair processes in host tissues (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, angiogenic, and neurogenic factors). The knowledge acquired so far on the mechanisms of placenta-derived stem cells in animal models represent the proof of concept of their successful use in some therapeutic treatments such as for musculoskeletal disorders. In the next future, legislation in veterinary regenerative medicine will be a key element in order to certify those placenta-derived cell-based protocols that have already demonstrated their safety and efficacy using rigorous approaches and to improve the degree of standardization of cell-based treatments among veterinary clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barboni
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Russo
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - P Berardinelli
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Mauro
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Valbonetti
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - H Sanyal
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Canciello
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Greco
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Muttini
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- 2 Medical Genetics, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Mattioli
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
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Bone Tissue Engineering Using Human Cells: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Trends, Current Prospects, and Recommendations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of proper cells for bone tissue engineering remains a major challenge worldwide. Cells play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of the bone tissue in vitro and in vivo. Currently, a large number of differentiated (somatic) and undifferentiated (stem) cells have been used for bone reconstruction alone or in combination with different biomaterials and constructs (e.g., scaffolds). Although the results of the cell transplantation without any supporting or adjuvant material have been very effective with regard to bone healing. Recent advances in bone scaffolding are now becoming new players affecting the osteogenic potential of cells. In the present study, we have critically reviewed all the currently used cell sources for bone reconstruction and discussed the new horizons that are opening up in the context of cell-based bone tissue engineering strategies.
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Abstract
This is a study of amniotic epithelial cells, which form the innermost layer of the amniotic membrane. These cells can be easily isolated and display peculiar and unique properties, such as plasticity and differentiation potential toward the 3 germinal layers, that may aid regeneration and/or repair of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. A robust literature based on in vitro, experimental, and clinical studies in large animals demonstrates that these cells can enhance the regeneration of tendons, bone, and articular cartilage. On the basis of these considerations, allotransplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells could be proposed for clinical trials in human orthopedic conditions.
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Current Status of Canine Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8329174. [PMID: 30123294 PMCID: PMC6079340 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8329174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has prompted the expansion of veterinary medicine both experimentally and clinically, with the potential to contribute to contemporary treatment strategies for various diseases and conditions for which limited or no therapeutic options are presently available. Although the application of various types of stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), has promising potential to improve the health of different species, it is crucial that the benefits and drawbacks are completely evaluated before use. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of stem cells; nonetheless, isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from UCB presents technical challenges. Although MSCs have been isolated from UCB of diverse species such as human, equine, sheep, goat, and canine, there are inherent limitations of using UCB from these species for the expansion of MSCs. In this review, we investigated canine UCB (cUCB) and compared it with UCB from other species by reviewing recent articles published from February 2003 to June 2017 to gain an understanding of the limitations of cUCB in the acquisition of MSCs and to determine other suitable sources for the isolation of MSCs from canine. Our review indicates that cUCB is not an ideal source of MSCs because of insufficient volume and ethical issues. However, canine reproductive organs discarded during neutering may help broaden our understanding of effective isolation of MSCs. We recommend exploring canine reproductive and adipose tissue rather than UCB to fulfill the current need in veterinary medicine for the well-designed and ethically approved source of MSCs.
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Lam J, Lee EJ, Clark EC, Mikos AG. Honing Cell and Tissue Culture Conditions for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:a025734. [PMID: 28348176 PMCID: PMC5710100 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An avenue of tremendous interest and need in health care encompasses the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Over the years, numerous tissue engineering strategies have contributed substantial progress toward the realization of clinically relevant therapies. Cell and tissue culture protocols, however, show many variations that make experimental results among different publications challenging to compare. This collection surveys prevalent cell sources, soluble factors, culture medium formulations, environmental factors, and genetic modification approaches in the literature. The intent of consolidating this information is to provide a starting resource for scientists considering how to optimize the parameters for cell differentiation and tissue culture procedures within the context of bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Esther J Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Elisa C Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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10
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Taroni M, Cabon Q, Fèbre M, Cachon T, Saulnier N, Carozzo C, Maddens S, Labadie F, Robert C, Viguier E. Evaluation of the Effect of a Single Intra-articular Injection of Allogeneic Neonatal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Compared to Oral Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Treatment on the Postoperative Musculoskeletal Status and Gait of Dogs over a 6-Month Period after Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy: A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2017. [PMID: 28642867 PMCID: PMC5463535 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compare the clinical and pressure walkway gait evolution of dogs after a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for a cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) and treatment with either a 1-month course of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or a single postoperative intra-articular (IA) injection of allogeneic neonatal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). STUDY DESIGN Prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled, monocentric clinical study. ANIMALS Sixteen client-owned dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs with unilateral CrCLR confirmed by arthroscopy were included. Allogeneic neonatal canine MSCs were obtained from fetal adnexa retrieved after C-section performed on healthy pregnant bitches. The dogs were randomly allocated to either the "MSCs group," receiving an IA injection of MSCs after TPLO, followed by placebo for 1 month, or the "NSAIDs group," receiving IA equivalent volume of MSCs vehicle after TPLO, followed by oral NSAID for 1 month. One of the three blinded evaluators assessed the dogs in each group before and after surgery (1, 3, and 6 months). Clinical score and gait and bone healing process were assessed. The data were statistically compared between the two groups for pre- and postoperative evaluations. RESULTS Fourteen dogs (nine in the MSCs group, five in the NSAIDs group) completed the present study. No significant difference was observed between the groups preoperatively. No local or systemic adverse effect was observed after MSCs injection at any time point considered. At 1 month after surgery, bone healing scores were significantly higher in the MSCs group. At 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, no significant difference was observed between the two groups for clinical scores and gait evaluation. CONCLUSION A single IA injection of allogeneic neonatal MSCs could be a safe and valuable postoperative alternative to NSAIDs for dogs requiring TPLO surgery, particularly for dogs intolerant to this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Taroni
- Small Animal Surgery Department, VetAgro Sup, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Quentin Cabon
- Small Animal Surgery Department, VetAgro Sup, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,UPSP 2016A104, ICE, Interaction Cells Environment, Campus Veterinaire VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Thibaut Cachon
- Small Animal Surgery Department, VetAgro Sup, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,UPSP 2016A104, ICE, Interaction Cells Environment, Campus Veterinaire VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Claude Carozzo
- Small Animal Surgery Department, VetAgro Sup, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,UPSP 2016A104, ICE, Interaction Cells Environment, Campus Veterinaire VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Viguier
- Small Animal Surgery Department, VetAgro Sup, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,UPSP 2016A104, ICE, Interaction Cells Environment, Campus Veterinaire VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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11
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De Cesaris V, Grolli S, Bresciani C, Conti V, Basini G, Parmigiani E, Bigliardi E. Isolation, proliferation and characterization of endometrial canine stem cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:235-242. [PMID: 27925313 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, progenitor cells isolated from dissociated endometrial tissue have been the subject of many studies in several animal species. Recently, endometrial cells showing characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been demonstrated in human, pig and cow uterine tissue samples. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of stromal cells from the endometrium of healthy bitches, a tissue that after elective surgery is routinely discarded. Multipotent stromal cells could be isolated from all bitches enrolled in the study (n = 7). The multipotency of cells was demonstrated by their capacity to differentiate into adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrocytic lineages. Clonogenicity and cell proliferation ability were also tested. Furthermore, gene expression analysis by RT-PCR was used to compare the expression of a set of genes (CD44, CD29, CD34, CD45, CD90, CD13, CD133, CD73, CD31 CD105, Oct4) with adipose tissue-derived MSC. Stromal cells isolated from uterine endometrium showed similar morphology, ability of subculture and plasticity, and also expressed a panel of genes comparable with adipose tissue-derived MSC. These data suggest that endometrial stromal cells fulfil the basic criteria proposed by the "Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy" for the identification of mesenchymal stem cells. Although endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnMSC) showed a lower replicative ability in comparison with adipose tissue-derived MSC, they could be considered a cell therapeutic agent alternative to adipose tissue or bone marrow-derived MSC in dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- V De Cesaris
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Grolli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C Bresciani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - V Conti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Basini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - E Parmigiani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - E Bigliardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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12
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Yoon D, Kang BJ, Kim Y, Lee SH, Rhew D, Kim WH, Kweon OK. Effect of serum-derived albumin scaffold and canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on osteogenesis in canine segmental bone defect model. J Vet Sci 2016; 16:397-404. [PMID: 26119162 PMCID: PMC4701731 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.4.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite biological and synthetic grafts with progenitor cells offer an alternative approach to auto- or allografts for fracture repair. This study was conducted to evaluate osteogenesis of autologous serum-derived albumin (ASA) scaffolds seeded with canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) in a canine segmental bone defect model. ASA scaffold was prepared with canine serum using cross-linking and freeze-drying procedures. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was mixed at the cross-linking stage. Ad-MSCs were seeded into the scaffold and incubated for one day before implantation. After 16 weeks, the grafts were harvested for histological analysis. The dogs were divided into five groups: control, ASA scaffolds with and without Ad-MSCs, and ASA scaffolds including β-TCP with and without Ad-MSCs. ASA scaffolds with Ad-MSCs had a significantly larger area of increased opacity at the proximal and distal host cortex-implant interfaces in radiographs 16 weeks after implantation compared to the groups with β-TCP (p < 0.05). Histomorphometric analysis showed that ASA scaffolds with Ad-MSCs had significantly greater new bone formation than other groups (p < 0.05). These results suggest that Ad-MSCs seeded into ASA scaffolds enhanced osteogenesis in the bone defect model, but that β-TCP in the ASA scaffold might prevent penetration of the cells required for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyoung Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yongsun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Daeun Rhew
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Oh-Kyeong Kweon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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13
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Li Y, Zhao S, Nan X, Wei H, Shi J, Li A, Gou J. Repair of human periodontal bone defects by autologous grafting stem cells derived from inflammatory dental pulp tissues. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:141. [PMID: 27655627 PMCID: PMC5032237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, stem cells derived from inflammatory dental pulp tissues (DPSCs-IPs) have demonstrated regenerative potential, but the real effect remains to be examined. This pilot study attempted to isolate DPSCs-IPs from two patients and to evaluate the feasibility and the effect of reconstructing periodontal intrabone defects in each patient. METHODS DPSCs-IPs were harvested from two patients with periodontal intrabone defects with their approval. After discussing the biological characteristics of DPSCs-IPs in each patient, DPSCs-IPs were loaded onto the scaffold material β-tricalcium phosphate and engrafted into the periodontal defect area in the root furcation. After 1, 3, and 9 months, the outcome was evaluated by clinical assessment and radiological study. Furthermore, new samples were collected and the biological characteristics of DPSCs-IPs were further studied compared with normal dental pulp stem cells. The primary cell culture success rate, cell viability, cell cycle analysis, and proliferation index were used to describe the growth state of DPSCs-IPs. In-vitro differentiation ability detection was used to further discuss the stem cell characteristics of DPSCs-IPs. RESULTS As expected, DPSCs-IPs were able to engraft and had an effect of regeneration of new bones to repair periodontal defects 9 months after surgical reconstruction. Although the success rate of primary cell culture and growth status was slightly inhibited, DPSCs-IPs expressed comparable levels of stem cell markers as well as retaining their multidifferentiation ability. CONCLUSIONS We developed a standard procedure that is potentially safe and technological for clinical periodontal treatment using human autologous DPSCs-IPs. TRIAL REGISTRATION According to the editorial policies, the present study is a purely observational study, so trial registration is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Shanmei Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Xi Nan
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
| | - Jianzhong Gou
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
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14
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Electrospun poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/hydroxyapatite scaffold with unrestricted somatic stem cells for bone regeneration. ASAIO J 2016; 61:357-65. [PMID: 25710767 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of scaffolds and cells can be useful in tissue reconstruction. In this study, nanofibrous poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) scaffolds, filled with unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs), were used for healing calvarial bone in rat model. The healing effects of these scaffolds, with and without stem cells, in bone regeneration were investigated by computed tomography (CT) analysis and pathology assays after 28 days of grafting. The results of CT analysis showed that bone regeneration on the scaffolds, and the amounts of regenerated new bone for polymer/nano-HAp scaffold with USSC, was significantly greater than the scaffold without cell and untreated control samples. Therefore, the combination of scaffold especially with USSC could be considered as a useful method for bone regeneration.
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15
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Auer JA, Grainger DW. Fracture management in horses: Where have we been and where are we going? Vet J 2015; 206:5-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Liao Y, Zhang XL, Li L, Shen FM, Zhong MK. Stem cell therapy for bone repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies with large animal models. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 78:718-26. [PMID: 24645974 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Injury to bone is a significant clinical challenge, due to its limited regenerative capacity. The current methods of repairing bone defect are surgical, highly invasive and not always successful. A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies involving large animals with bone defects were conducted to determine the treatment outcomes with stem cell therapies. METHODS A random effects meta-analysis of the available studies was conducted to assess the treatment outcomes including the rate of new bone formation and new bone mineral density (BMD). Stratified analyses were also conducted by separating studies based on each characteristic independently. RESULTS Pooled analysis of 20 preclinical studies showed a significant beneficial effect of stem cell therapy in increasing new bone formation (17.79%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.54, 25.03; P < 0.001) and BMD (276.94 mg cm(-2) , 95% CI, 62.71, 491.17; P < 0.001) for disease amelioration. Regarding new bone formation, a statistical improvement was similarly detected from randomized controlled trial groups (17.06%, 95% CI, 8.87, 25.24; P < 0.001) and cohort groups (17.43%, 95% CI, 10.79, 24.07; P < 0.001). Exploratory stratified analysis yielded significant predictors of new bone formation including cell number (<10(7) vs. ≥10(7) ; P = 0.048) and the route of cell delivery (combining with matrix scaffold showed more effect than direct cell injection, P = 0.041). The effect of stem cell therapy diminished after 12 weeks. CONCLUSION The study results suggest that stem cell therapy improves new bone formation and BMD in bone defect models. Future trials should focus on the transplantation of ≥10(7) stem cells, especially using slow release biodegradable scaffolds or repetitive cell injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Yang W, Lee S, Yoon J, Lee JI. Stem cell therapy status in veterinary medicine. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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18
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Minto B, Prada T, Marinho P, Zani C, Menezes M. Successful use of autogenous bone graft for the treatment of a radius-ulna nonunion in an amputee dog. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture nonunions represent important complications in orthopedic surgeries. Nonunion repairs or bone defects are surgically challenging. Our aim was to describe a nonunion case, which was repaired with rapid bone recovery. An 8-month-old male mixed breed dog that has been previously operated was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of São Paulo State University, with a right radius-ulna nonunion and an amputated contralateral forelimb. A cancellous bone graft was collected from a partially amputated limb, in order to correct the nonunion, and used in association with a locking plate. After four weeks, the bone graft had been incorporated into the original bone. Clinical union with good weight bearing was achieved after eight weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C.C. Zani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
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19
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Li Y, Chen SK, Li L, Qin L, Wang XL, Lai YX. Bone defect animal models for testing efficacy of bone substitute biomaterials. J Orthop Translat 2015; 3:95-104. [PMID: 30035046 PMCID: PMC5982383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects are serious complications that are most commonly caused by extensive trauma, tumour, infection, or congenital musculoskeletal disorders. If nonunion occurs, implantation for repairing bone defects with biomaterials developed as a defect filler, which can promote bone regeneration, is essential. In order to evaluate biomaterials to be developed as bone substitutes for bone defect repair, it is essential to establish clinically relevant in vitro and in vivo testing models for investigating their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, degradation, and interactional with culture medium or host tissues. The results of the in vitro experiment contribute significantly to the evaluation of direct cell response to the substitute biomaterial, and the in vivo tests constitute a step midway between in vitro tests and human clinical trials. Therefore, it is essential to develop or adopt a suitable in vivo bone defect animal model for testing bone substitutes for defect repair. This review aimed at introducing and discussing the most available and commonly used bone defect animal models for testing specific substitute biomaterials. Additionally, we reviewed surgical protocols for establishing relevant preclinical bone defect models with various animal species and the evaluation methodologies of the bone regeneration process after the implantation of bone substitute biomaterials. This review provides an important reference for preclinical studies in translational orthopaedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu-Kui Chen
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin-Luan Wang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Lai
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Iacono E, Rossi B, Merlo B. Stem cells from foetal adnexa and fluid in domestic animals: an update on their features and clinical application. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:353-64. [PMID: 25703812 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cell research has emerged as an area of major interest for its potential in regenerative medicine applications. This is in constant need of new cell sources to conceive regenerative medicine approaches for diseases that are still without therapy. Scientists drew the attention towards alternative sources such as foetal adnexa and fluid, as these sources possess many advantages: first of all, cells can be extracted from discarded foetal material and it is non-invasive and inexpensive for the patient; secondly, abundant stem cells can be obtained; and finally, these stem cell sources are free from ethical considerations. Cells derived from foetal adnexa and fluid preserve some of the characteristics of the primitive embryonic layers from which they originate. Many studies have demonstrated the differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo towards mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell types; in addition, the immune-modulatory properties make these cells a good candidate for allo- and xenotransplantation. Naturally occurring diseases in domestic animals can be more ideal as disease model of human genetic and acquired diseases and could help to define the potential therapeutic use efficiency and safety of stem cells therapies. This review offers an update on the state of the art of characterization of domestic animals' MSCs derived from foetal adnexa and fluid and on the latest findings in pre-clinical or clinical setting of the stem cell populations isolated from these sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (Bo), Italy
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21
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Nagahara T, Yoshimatsu S, Shiba H, Kawaguchi H, Takeda K, Iwata T, Mizuno N, Fujita T, Kurihara H. Introduction of a mixture of β-tricalcium phosphate into a complex of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and type I collagen can augment the volume of alveolar bone without impairing cementum regeneration. J Periodontol 2014; 86:456-64. [PMID: 25494830 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) could be a promising modality to help augment alveolar bone in periodontal tissue regeneration by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). METHODS Expanded BMMSCs and atelocollagen (Col) were mixed together (MSC/Col). A combination of β-TCP with MSC/Col was also prepared (MSC/Col/TCP). MSC/Col/TCP or MSC/Col was transplanted into experimental periodontal Class III furcation defects that had been exposed to inflammation in beagle dogs. Periodontal tissue regeneration was evaluated by histologic and morphometric analyses at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS MSC/Col and MSC/Col/TCP enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration compared to Col and TCP/Col according to hematoxylin and eosin staining. The percentage of new cementum length in the MSC/Col/TCP group was not significantly different from that in the MSC/Col group at 4 and 8 weeks. On the other hand, the percentage of new bone area in the MSC/Col/TCP group was much higher than that in the MSC/TCP group at 4 weeks. However, at 8 weeks, no significant difference in new bone area was found between the two groups. In the MSC/Col/TCP group, β-TCP was surrounded by newly formed bone. Multinucleated cells, which were positive for osteopontin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, were present in the interconnected macropores of β-TCP. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that β-TCP is applicable as a scaffold for BMMSCs transplantation and helps augment alveolar bone without impairing regeneration of cementum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayosi Nagahara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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22
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Chang YP, Hong HP, Lee YH, Liu IH. The canine epiphyseal-derived mesenchymal stem cells are comparable to bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:273-80. [PMID: 25391394 PMCID: PMC4383772 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential in cell therapy and have attracted
increasing interests in a wide range of biomedical sciences. However, the scarcity of MSCs
and the prolonged isolation procedure limited the clinical application. To address these 2
issues, we developed a method to isolate MSCs from bone biopsy tissues of euthanized
canine body donors. Compared to the traditional method to isolate MSCs from aspirated bone
marrow (BMSCs), the isolation procedure for MSCs from harvested epiphyseal cancellous bone
(EMSCs) was less time-consuming. The isolated EMSCs had similar plastic-adherence,
tri-lineage differentiation and consistent surface marker profiles compared to BMSCs. We
harvested BMSCs and EMSCs from 24 euthanized cases from clinics and 42 euthanized donors
from a local shelter. The successful rate for EMSC isolation is significantly higher
compared to BMSC isolation, while the other properties of the isolated MSCs including the
clonogenicity, proliferative potentials and molecular phenotypes were not discernibly
different between the MSCs established by the two methods. In conclusion, we demonstrated
a new procedure to harvest MSCs by bone biopsy at the epiphyseal region. This method is
less time consuming and more reliable, and the resulting MSCs are comparable to those
harvested by bone marrow aspiration. The combination of the two methods can greatly
improve the efficiency to harvest MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Pei Chang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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23
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Biazar E. Use of umbilical cord and cord blood-derived stem cells for tissue repair and regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:301-10. [PMID: 24456082 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.867943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potential use of umbilical cord (UC) is one of the most exciting frontiers in medicine for repairing damaged tissues. UC and cord blood-derived stem cells are the world's largest potential sources of stem cells. UC contains a mixture of stem and progenitor cells at different lineage commitment stages and UC has been verified as a candidate for cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications due to the capability of these cells for extensive self-renewal and multi-lineage character in differentiation potential. AREAS COVERED UC-based repair or regeneration of organs (i.e., heart, nerve, skin, etc.) is a high-priority research worldwide. EXPERT OPINION The aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge about UC with main focus on its applications for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Biazar
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch , Tonekabon , Iran +00981924271105 ;
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24
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Osteoinductivity of gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate sponges loaded with different concentrations of mesenchymal stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in an equine bone defect model. Vet Res Commun 2014; 38:73-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-013-9587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Biazar E, Heidari Keshel S, Rezaei Tavirani M, Jahandideh R. Bone formation in calvarial defects by injectable nanoparticular scaffold loaded with stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:1653-62. [PMID: 24088030 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.840284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcium phosphates are one of biomaterials that are used for bone regeneration. In this study, calcium phosphate nanoparticles such as hydroxyapatite (HA)/fluorapatite (FA),with chitosan gel filled with unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) were used for healing calvarial bone in rat model. METHODS The healing effects of these injectable scaffolds, with and without stem cells, in bone regeneration were investigated by computed tomography (CT) analysis and pathology assays after 28 days of grafting. RESULTS The results of CT analysis showed that bone regeneration on the scaffolds, and the amounts of regenerated new bone for USSC scaffold were significantly greater than the scaffold without cell and untreated controls. CONCLUSION Therefore, the combination of scaffold especially with USSC could be considered as a useful method for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Biazar
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Biomaterial Engineering , Tonekabon Branch , Iran +98 1924274415 ; +98 192 427 4411 ;
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26
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Udehiya RK, Amarpal, Aithal HP, Kinjavdekar P, Pawde AM, Singh R, Taru Sharma G. Comparison of autogenic and allogenic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells for repair of segmental bone defects in rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:743-52. [PMID: 23414969 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Autogenic and allogenic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were compared for repair of bone gap defect in rabbits. BM-MSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirates and cultured in vitro for allogenic and autogenic transplantation. A 5mm segmental defect was created in mid-diaphysis of the radius bone. The defect was filled with hydroxyapatite alone, hydroxyapatite with autogeneic BM-MSCs and hydroxyapatite with allogenic BM-MSCs in groups A, B and C, respectively. On an average 3.45×10(6) cells were implanted at each defect site. Complete bridging of bone gap with newly formed bone was faster in both treatment groups as compared to control group. Histologically, increased osteogenesis, early and better reorganization of cancellous bone and more bone marrow formation were discernible in treatment groups as compared to control group. It was concluded that in vitro culture expanded allogenic and autogenic BM-MSCs induce similar, but faster and better healing as compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Udehiya
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
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Abstract
Presently, bioceramic materials have been extensively used in spinal surgery as bone grafts; however, there are some limitations for bioceramic materials. Calcium sulfate is rapidly absorbed in vivo, the degradation of which often occurs prior to the formation of new bones. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is hardly absorbed, which blocks the formation of new bones and remodeling, and results in poor local stability or permanent stress concentration. Only β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is relatively balanced between scaffold absorption and bone formation. And it is a good biodegradable ceramic material that could supply a large quantity of calcium ion and sulfate ion as well as scaffold structure for bone regeneration. However, the problem of single β-TCP is lack of osteoinductivity and osteogenicity, which restricts its application. Therefore β-TCP composite materials have been used in the field of orthopaedics in recent decades, which fully use excellent properties of other bone repairing materials, such as biodegradability, osteoinductivity, osteogenicity and osteoconductivity. These materials make up for the deficiencies of single β-TCP and endow β-TCP with more biological and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation of State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China.
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28
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McDuffee LA, Pack L, Lores M, Wright GM, Esparza-Gonzalez B, Masaoud E. Osteoprogenitor Cell Therapy in an Equine Fracture Model. Vet Surg 2012; 41:773-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A. McDuffee
- Departments of Health Management; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - LeeAnn Pack
- Companion Animals; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - Marcos Lores
- Departments of Health Management; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - Glenda M. Wright
- Biomedical Sciences; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - Blanca Esparza-Gonzalez
- Departments of Health Management; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
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Mesenchymal stem cells as a potent cell source for bone regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:980353. [PMID: 22448175 PMCID: PMC3289837 DOI: 10.1155/2012/980353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While small bone defects heal spontaneously, large bone defects need surgical intervention for bone transplantation. Autologous bone grafts are the best and safest strategy for bone repair. An alternative method is to use allogenic bone graft. Both methods have limitations, particularly when bone defects are of a critical size. In these cases, bone constructs created by tissue engineering technologies are of utmost importance. Cells are one main component in the manufacture of bone construct. A few cell types, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult osteoblast, and adult stem cells, can be used for this purpose. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as adult stem cells, possess characteristics that make them good candidate for bone repair. This paper discusses different aspects of MSCs that render them an appropriate cell type for clinical use to promote bone regeneration.
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Ishihara A, Bertone AL. Cell-mediated and direct gene therapy for bone regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:411-23. [PMID: 22324829 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.661709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone regeneration is required for the treatment of fracture non/delayed-unions and bone defects. However, most current treatment modalities have limited efficacy, and newer therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy, have substantial benefit for bone repair and regeneration. AREAS COVERED This review discusses experimental and clinical applications of cell-mediated and direct gene therapy for bone regeneration. The review covers literature on this subject from 2000 to February 2012. EXPERT OPINION Direct gene therapy using various viral and non-viral vectors of cell-mediated genes has been demonstrated to induce bone regeneration, although use of such vectors has shown some risk in human application. Osteoinductive capability of a number of progenitor cells isolated from bone marrow, fat, muscle and skin tissues, has been demonstrated by genetic modification with osteogenic genes. Cell-mediated gene therapy using such osteogenic gene-expressing progenitor cells has shown promising results in promoting bone regeneration in extensive animal work in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Ishihara
- The Ohio State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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31
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Makihira S, Nikawa H, Shuto T, Nishimura M, Mine Y, Tsuji K, Okamoto K, Sakai Y, Sakai M, Imari N, Iwata S, Takeda M, Suehiro F. Evaluation of trabecular bone formation in a canine model surrounding a dental implant fixture immobilized with an antimicrobial peptide derived from histatin. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2765-2772. [PMID: 21901371 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
JH8194 induces osteoblast differentiation, although it was originally designed to improve antifungal activity. This suggests that JH8194 is useful for implant treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration capacity of JH8194-modified titanium dental implant fixtures (JH8194-Fi). The implants were randomly implanted into the edentulous ridge of dog mandibles. Healing abutments were inserted immediately after implant placement. Three weeks later, peri-implant bone levels, the first bone-to-implant contact points, and trabecular bone formation surrounding the implants were assessed by histological and digital image analyses based on microcomputed tomography (microCT). The histological analysis revealed an enhancement of mature trabecular bone around the JH8194-Fi compared with untreated fixtures (control-Fi). Similarly, microCT combined with analysis by Zed View™ also showed increased trabecular bone formation surrounding the JH8194-Fi compared with the control-Fi (Student's t-test, P < 0.05). JH8194 may offer an alternative biological modification of titanium surfaces to enhance trabecular bone formation around dental implants, which may contribute to the transient acquirement of osseointegration and the long-term success of implant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seicho Makihira
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Cremonesi F, Corradetti B, Lange Consiglio A. Fetal adnexa derived stem cells from domestic animal: progress and perspectives. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1400-15. [PMID: 21463720 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fetal adnexa such as umbilical cord, amnion and amniotic fluid have been proposed as ideal sources of different stem cell lineages. Use of adnexal tissue has many potential advantages, including the noninvasive nature of the isolation procedure, the large tissue mass from which cells can be harvested with high efficiency and the potential of these cells to differentiate. Moreover, particularly in human medicine, the harvesting of these tissues is more ethically acceptable making these sources of stem cells very attractive for regenerative therapies and biotechnological applications. The adnexal tissue cells preserve some of the characteristics of the primitive embryonic layers from which they originate. Indeed, many studies indicate that these stem cells exhibit some features of embryonic stem cells as expression of embryonic markers and proliferation capability, without showing immunogenicity. However, the differentiation potential of these cells, either in vivo or in vitro, is intermediate between the pluripotent embryonic stem cells and the multipotent adult stem cells. Non-embryonic extra-fetal derived stem cells have opened new perspectives for developmental biology and for regenerative medicine, not only in humans but also in animals. In this update, we report the state of the art of fetal adnexa-derived stem cells from domestic animals and analyze their applications and potential uses in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cremonesi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Via dell'Università 6,-26900 Lodi, Italy
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Park SS, Byeon YE, Ryu HH, Kang BJ, Kim Y, Kim WH, Kang KS, Han HJ, Kweon OK. Comparison of canine umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation times: involvement of astrogliosis, inflammation, intracellular actin cytoskeleton pathways, and neurotrophin-3. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1867-80. [PMID: 21375803 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x566163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) derived from umbilical cord blood represent a potentially useful source of stem cells for therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different transplantation times of cMSCs after spinal cord injury (SCI). A total of 21 dogs were subjected to SCI by balloon-induced compression of the first lumbar vertebrae for 12 h. Of the 21 dogs, 12 were divided into four groups of three according to the time of stem cell (1 × 10(6)) transplantation at the injury site: control no treatment, 12 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks. The remaining 9 animals were negative harvest (HA) time controls for each treatment group (n = 3). Olby and Tarlov scores were used to evaluate functional recovery of the hindlimbs. Markers for neuronal regeneration (Tuj-1, nestin, MAP2, and NF-M), astrogliosis (GALC, GFAP, and pSTAT3), signal molecules for actin cytoskeleton (RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1), inflammation (COX-2), and neurotrophins (NT-3) were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Scores of the 1-week transplantation group showed significant improvement compared to controls. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed less fibrosis at the injury site in the 1-week transplantation group compared to other groups and immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of neuronal markers. Furthermore, in both 1-week and 2-week transplantation groups, Tuj-1, nestin, MAP2, NF-M, NT-3, and GFAP increased, but pSTAT3, GALC, and COX2 decreased. RhoA decreased and Rac1 and Cdc42 increased in the 1-week transplantation group. In conclusion, transplantation of cMSCs 1 week after SCI was more effective in improving clinical signs and neuronal regeneration and reducing fibrosis formation compared to the other transplantation times evaluated. Subsequently, these data may contribute to the optimization of timing for MSC transplantation used as a therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Su Park
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Seong JM, Kim BC, Park JH, Kwon IK, Mantalaris A, Hwang YS. Stem cells in bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:062001. [PMID: 20924139 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/6/062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has been one of the most promising areas of research, providing a potential clinical application to cure bone defects. Recently, various stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have received extensive attention in the field of bone tissue engineering due to their distinct biological capability to differentiate into osteogenic lineages. The application of these stem cells to bone tissue engineering requires inducing in vitro differentiation of these cells into bone forming cells, osteoblasts. For this purpose, efficient in vitro differentiation towards osteogenic lineage requires the development of well-defined and proficient protocols. This would reduce the likelihood of spontaneous differentiation into divergent lineages and increase the available cell source for application to bone tissue engineering therapies. This review provides a critical examination of the various experimental strategies that could be used to direct the differentiation of ESC, BM-MSC, UCB-MSC, ADSC, MDSC and DPSC towards osteogenic lineages and their potential applications in tissue engineering, particularly in the regeneration of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Min Seong
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry & Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Wang L, Fan H, Zhang ZY, Lou AJ, Pei GX, Jiang S, Mu TW, Qin JJ, Chen SY, Jin D. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis of tissue-engineered bone constructed by prevascularized β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold and mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9452-61. [PMID: 20869769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although vascularized tissue-engineered bone grafts (TEBG) have been generated ectopically in several studies, the use of prevascularized TEBG for segmental bone defect repair are rarely reported. In current study, we investigated the efficacy of prevascularized TEBG for segmental defect repair. The segmental defects of 15 mm in length were created in the femurs of rabbits bilaterally. In treatment group, the osteotomy site of femur was implanted with prevascularized TEBG, which is generated by seeding mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into β-TCP scaffold, and prevascularization with the insertion of femoral vascular bundle into the side groove of scaffold; whereas in the control group, only MSC mediated scaffolds (TEBG) were implanted. The new bone formation and vascularization were investigated and furthermore, the expression of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which might express during defect healing was evaluated, as well. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, the treatment of prevascularized TEBG led to significantly higher volume of regenerated bone and larger amount of capillary infiltration compared to non-vascularized TEBG. The expression of VEGF in mRNA and protein levels increased with implantation time and peaked at 4 weeks postoperatively, followed by a slow decrease, however, treatment group expressed a significant higher level of VEGF than control group throughout the whole study. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that prevascularized TEBG by insertion of vascular bundle could significantly promote the new bone regeneration and vascularization compared to non-vascularized TEBG, which could be partially explained by the up-regulated expression of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
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Byeon YE, Ryu HH, Park SS, Koyama Y, Kikuchi M, Kim WH, Kang KS, Kweon OK. Paracrine effect of canine allogenic umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells mixed with beta-tricalcium phosphate on bone regeneration in ectopic implantations. Cytotherapy 2010; 12:626-36. [DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2010.481665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bieback K, Brinkmann I. Mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues: From biology to cell therapy. World J Stem Cells 2010; 2:81-92. [PMID: 21607124 PMCID: PMC3097927 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v2.i4.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based regenerative medicine is of growing interest in biomedical research. The role of stem cells in this context is under intense scrutiny and may help to define principles of organ regeneration and develop innovative therapeutics for organ failure. Utilizing stem and progenitor cells for organ replacement has been conducted for many years when performing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Since the first successful transplantation of umbilical cord blood to treat hematological malignancies, non-hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations have recently been identified within umbilical cord blood and other perinatal and fetal tissues. A cell population entitled mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) emerged as one of the most intensely studied as it subsumes a variety of capacities: MSCs can differentiate into various subtypes of the mesodermal lineage, they secrete a large array of trophic factors suitable of recruiting endogenous repair processes and they are immunomodulatory.Focusing on perinatal tissues to isolate MSCs, we will discuss some of the challenges associated with these cell types concentrating on concepts of isolation and expansion, the comparison with cells derived from other tissue sources, regarding phenotype and differentiation capacity and finally their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bieback
- Karen Bieback, Irena Brinkmann, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, DRK-Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Rozemuller H, Prins HJ, Naaijkens B, Staal J, Bühring HJ, Martens AC. Prospective isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from multiple mammalian species using cross-reacting anti-human monoclonal antibodies. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1911-21. [PMID: 20367498 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of human and nonhuman mammalian species are often studied for various applications in regenerative medicine research. These MSCs can be derived from human bone marrow (BM) and identified by their ability to form fibroblast-like colony forming units that develop into stromal like cells when expanded in culture. These cells are characterized by their spindle-shaped morphology, their characteristic phenotype (CD73(+), CD90(+), CD105(+), CD45⁻, and CD34⁻), and their ability to differentiate into cells of the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. However, the identification and purification of MSCs from nonhuman mammalian species is hampered by the lack of suitable monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In this report, primary BM and cultured BM-derived MSCs of human and monkey, goat, sheep, dog, and pig were screened for cross-reactivity using a panel of 43 mAb, of which 22 react with either human BM mononuclear cells or cultured human MSCs. We found 7 mAb with specificity for CD271, MSCA-1 (W8B2 antigen), W4A5, CD56, W3C4 (CD349), W5C4, and 58B1, which showed interspecies cross-reactivity. These mAb proved to be useful for prospective sorting of MSCs from the BM of the 6 mammalian species studied as well as for the characterization of their cultured offspring. Flow sorting with the cross-reacting mAb resulted in up to 2400-fold enrichment of the clonogenic cell fraction (fibroblast-like colony forming units). This study provides an important contribution for the comparative prospective isolation of primary BM-MSCs and the characterization of cultured MSCs from multiple mammalian species for preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Rozemuller
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Beta-tricalcium phosphate exerts osteoconductivity through α2β1 integrin and down-stream MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 394:323-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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