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Wei J, Deng X, Dai W, Xie L, Zhang G, Fan X, Li X, Jin Z, Xiao Q, Chen T. Desmethoxycurcumin aids IFNα's anti-HBV activity by antagonising CRYAB reduction and stabilising IFNAR1 protein. J Drug Target 2023; 31:976-985. [PMID: 37851377 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2273200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The eradication of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a crucial goal in clinical practice. Enhancing the anti-HBV activity of interferon type I (IFNI) is a key strategy for achieving a functional cure for CHB. In this study, we investigated the effect of combined treatment with IFNα and Desmethoxycurcumin (DMC) on HBV replication in HepG2 cells and explored the underlying mechanism. Our results indicated IFNα alone was ineffective in completely inhibiting HBV replication, which was attributed to the virus-induced down-regulation of IFNI receptor 1 (IFNAR1) protein. However, the addition of a low dose of DMC significantly synergized with IFNα, leading to notable enhancement of IFNα anti-HBV activity. This effect was achieved by stabilising the IFNAR1 protein. Further investigation revealed that low dose DMC effectively blocked the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of IFNAR1, which was accomplished by rescuing the protein levels of alphaB-crystallin (CRYAB) and orchestrating the interaction between CRYAB and the E3 ubiquitin ligase, β-Trcp. Importantly, over-expression of CRYAB was found to favour the antiviral activity of IFNα against HBV replication. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that low-dose DMC enhanced the anti-HBV activity of IFNα by counteracting the reduction of CRYAB and stabilising the IFNAR1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlai Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xichuan Deng
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenying Dai
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingxin Xie
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Pathogen Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Fan
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixing Jin
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Pathogen Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Sahoo M, Singh R, Kumar P, Kumar Mariappan A, Munnuswamy P, Singh K, Mani S, Dhama K, Kondabattula G, Das T, Thakor JC, Kashyap G, Sahoo NR. Novel pathologic findings and viral antigen distribution in cattle and buffalo calves naturally infected with Foot-and-Mouth disease virus. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-13. [PMID: 37733477 PMCID: PMC10548843 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2260435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Foot-and-Mouth disease is highly contagious acute viral disease of livestock inflicting huge economic loss to the farmers. The limited knowledge regarding the pathological lesions vis-a-vis distribution of the FMDV in lesser explored endocrine glands and important vital organs other than the target organs of infected calves prompted us to take the present investigation to have detailed insight into the pathogenesis. The systematic necropsy of 37 dead calves (cattle-28 and buffalo-9) was conducted, and thin representative tissue pieces from the affected organs were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) for pathological and immunohistochemical investigations. The genomic detection and its serotyping were done by RT-PCR and multiplex-PCR, respectively. Necropsy examination in all cases showed myocardial lesions resembling 'tigroid heart appearance'. Other organ specific lesions include vesiculo-ulcerative stomatitis, edema of the lungs, petechial hemorrhages, edema of the endocrines, and gastroenteritis. Histopathological examination showed varying sizes of vesicles and ulcerations in stratified squamous epithelium of the tongue, acute necrotizing myocarditis, lymphoid depletion in lymphoid tissues, hepatitis, pancreatitis, thymic hyperplasia, thyroiditis, adrenitis, and enteritis. Positive immunolabeling for viral antigens was observed in endocrine glands, lymphoid organs, lungs, liver, kidneys, and intestine, in addition to other typical locations. The thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas, in addition to the tongue and heart, are the tissue of choice for sampling in the field during epidemics. Further, the viral genome and serotype A was confirmed in the affected tissues. This study provides insights into novel tissue tropism and pathogenesis in young calves naturally infected with FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot-and-Mouth Disease (NIFMD), Bhubaneswar, India
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Asok Kumar Mariappan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Palanivelu Munnuswamy
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Karampal Singh
- CADRAD, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Saminathan Mani
- CADRAD, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ganesh Kondabattula
- Quality control & Quality Assurance unit, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal, India
| | - Tareni Das
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot-and-Mouth Disease (NIFMD), Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Gayatri Kashyap
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot-and-Mouth Disease (NIFMD), Bhubaneswar, India
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3
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Sahoo M, Kondabattula G, Thakor JC, Dinesh M, Kumar P, Singh R, Singh K, Saminathan M, Sahoo NR. Novel pathological findings and immunohistochemical detection of FMDV antigens in the brain of calves naturally infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105650. [PMID: 35764187 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious and economically devastating viral disease of cloven-hoofed domestic and wildlife animals. The disease is endemic in India and other developing countries of the world. The disease is mainly characterized by the presence of vesicular lesions and "tigroid heart" in calves. The current report describes the novel pathologic findings along with the distribution of FMDV antigens in brain of young calves naturally infected with FMDV. The carcasses of 37 calves suspected to have died from FMD were presented for postmortem investigation. Out of 37 dead calves, 10 calves showed the clinical signs of neurological abnormalities like opisthotonos, muscle twitching and tremor in hind limbs, stiffening of the neck followed by death. Microscopically, the meninges were congested, hemorrhagic, and infiltrated with mononuclear cells. The various sub anatomical sites of the brain showed the varying degrees of vascular changes, perivascular cuffing, focal to diffuse gliosis as well as degeneration and neuronal necrosis, indicating the nonsuppurative encephalitis. The immunolabeling of FMDV antigen was demonstrated in the neurons, inflammatory cells, and microglial cells besides its typical locations. The neurons of the brain also showed strong immunopositivity for caspase-3, caspase-9 and p53 and negative for Bcl-2 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) by both immunohistochemistry and western blotting indicating the role of caspase mediated intrinsic, and p53 dependent apoptotic pathway. Further, the TUNEL assay also confirmed the apoptosis in the neurons and glial cells of the brain of naturally infected calves. This study in calves establishes a basis for resemblance to other members of Picornaviruses, such as Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus of humans and seems to be the first report of its kind showing the neuropathological alterations along with the distribution of FMDV antigens associated with apoptosis in younger calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India; ICAR-DFMD-International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Ganesh Kondabattula
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance unit, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - M Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Karampal Singh
- ICAR-CADRAD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - M Saminathan
- ICAR-CADRAD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-DFMD-International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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4
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Mallick S, Subramaniam S, Biswal JK, Ranjan R, Mohapatra JK, Sahoo AP. Short communication: preliminary observations on the serum levels of HSP70 and its correlation with serum cortisol, thyroid hormones, and acute-phase protein concentration in cattle naturally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:408. [PMID: 34292411 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the serum levels of HSP70 and identify its possible association with serum cortisol, thyroid hormones, and acute-phase protein concentrations in cattle naturally infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. After the FMD outbreak in an organized dairy cattle farm in India, blood samples were obtained from clinically infected (n = 40) and apparently healthy (n = 30) animals. Samples were processed and tested by an in-house DIVA assay for confirmation of FMD infection. Serum was analyzed for HSP70, cortisol, T4, T3, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HSP70 concentrations were significantly higher in the serum of clinically infected cattle (p < 0.01) than the healthy group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the elevated serum levels of HSP70 under infectious diseases of bovines. Cortisol (p < 0.05), haptoglobin (p < 0.001), and serum amyloid A (p < 0.05) concentrations also markedly increased in the diseased animals; however, no differences (p > 0.05) were found in T4 and T3 levels between healthy and infected cattle. Elevated HSP70 concentration correlated positively with high cortisol (p < 0.05) and haptoglobin (p < 0.001) levels suggesting an essential link between these acute events during clinical infectious phase of FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrutirekha Mallick
- ICAR-International Centre for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (ICFMD), DFMD, Arugul, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India.
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- ICAR-International Centre for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (ICFMD), DFMD, Arugul, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Biswal
- ICAR-International Centre for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (ICFMD), DFMD, Arugul, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- ICAR-International Centre for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (ICFMD), DFMD, Arugul, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Jajati Keshari Mohapatra
- ICAR-International Centre for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (ICFMD), DFMD, Arugul, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Aditya Prasad Sahoo
- ICAR-International Centre for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (ICFMD), DFMD, Arugul, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
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5
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Zhang Z, Waters R, Li Y. Pathogenesis of non-epithelial foot-and-mouth disease in neonatal animals. Vet Microbiol 2020; 254:108961. [PMID: 33545638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which causes a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, is notable for epithelial cell tropism, resulting in the appearance of vesicles on the feet and in and around the mouth in infected animals, while FMDV infection in neonatal animals is also associated with not only epithelial lesions, but also muscle-associated lesions, which leads to myocarditis, resulting in high-mortality. However, critical knowledge about the non-epithelial tropism of FMDV is still lacking. In this paper, the current progress of the FMDV non-epithelial tropisms is summarized and the possible role of the key viral and cellular components involved is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ryan Waters
- Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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6
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Qiu Y, Ye X, Hanson PJ, Zhang HM, Zong J, Cho B, Yang D. Hsp70-1: upregulation via selective phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 during coxsackieviral infection and promotion of viral replication via the AU-rich element. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1067-84. [PMID: 26361762 PMCID: PMC11108310 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary pathogen of viral myocarditis. Upon infection, CVB3 exploits the host cellular machineries, such as chaperone proteins, to benefit its own infection cycles. Inducible heat shock 70-kDa proteins (Hsp70s) are chaperone proteins induced by various cellular stress conditions. The internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) within Hsp70 mRNA allows Hsp70 to be translated cap-independently during CVB3 infection when global cap-dependent translation is compromised. The Hsp70 protein family contains two major members, Hsp70-1 and Hsp70-2. This study showed that Hsp70-1, but not Hsp70-2, was upregulated during CVB3 infection both in vitro and in vivo. Then a novel mechanism of Hsp70-1 induction was revealed in which CaMKIIγ is activated by CVB3 replication and leads to phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) specifically at Serine 230, which enhances Hsp70-1 transcription. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of Ser230 induces translocation of HSF1 from the cytoplasm to nucleus, thus blocking the ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of HSF1 at Ser307, a negative regulatory process of Hsp70 transcription, further contributing to Hsp70-1 upregulation. Finally, we demonstrated that Hsp70-1 upregulation, in turn, stabilizes CVB3 genome via the AU-rich element (ARE) harbored in the 3' untranslated region of CVB3 genomic RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Huifang Mary Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jeff Zong
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Brian Cho
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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7
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Effects of Synthetic Anti-Inflammatory Sterol in CB3V-Induced Myocarditis: A Morphological Study on Heart Muscle Tissue. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/jfmk1010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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Chauhan VS, Nelson DA, Marriott I, Bost KL. Alpha beta-crystallin expression and presentation following infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68. Autoimmunity 2013; 46:399-408. [PMID: 23586607 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.785535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha beta-crystallin (CRYAB) is a small heat shock protein that can function as a molecular chaperone and has protective effects for cells undergoing a variety of stressors. Surprisingly, CRYAB has been identified as one of the dominant autoantigens in multiple sclerosis. It has been suggested that autoimmune mediated destruction of this small heat shock protein may limit its protective effects, thereby exacerbating inflammation and cellular damage during multiple sclerosis. It is not altogether clear how autoimmunity against CRYAB might develop, or whether there are environmental factors which might facilitate the presentation of this autoantigen to CD4+ T lymphocytes. In the present study, we utilized an animal model of an Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-like infection, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (HV-68), to question whether such a virus could modulate the expression of CRYAB by antigen presenting cells. Following exposure to HV-68 and several other stimuli, in vitro secretion of CRYAB and subsequent intracellular accumulation were observed in cultured macrophages and dendritic cells. Following infection of mice with this virus, it was possible to track CRYAB expression in the spleen and in antigen presenting cell subpopulations, as well as its secretion into the blood. Mice immunized with human CRYAB mounted a significant immune response against this heat shock protein. Further, dendritic cells that were exposed to HV-68 could stimulate CD4+ T cells from CRYAB immunized mice to secrete interferon gamma. Taken together these studies are consistent with the notion of a gammaherpesvirus-induced CRYAB response in professional antigen presenting cells in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita S Chauhan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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9
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Ye Y, Yan G, Luo Y, Tong T, Liu X, Xin C, Liao M, Fan H. Quantitative Proteomics by Amino Acid Labeling in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV)-Infected Cells. J Proteome Res 2012; 12:363-77. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine
Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou
510642, China
- College of
Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou
510642, China
| | - Guangrong Yan
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering and National Engineering
and Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of
Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tiezhu Tong
- Huizhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Chaoan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine
Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou
510642, China
- College of
Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou
510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine
Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou
510642, China
- College of
Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou
510642, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine
Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou
510642, China
- College of
Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou
510642, China
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10
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Guvenc D, Kabak YB, Atmaca E, Aksoy A, Guvenc T. Examination of caspase-dependent apoptotic and necrotic changes in rat kidney exposed to different doses of permethrin. Biotech Histochem 2012; 88:76-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.736637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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