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Shinde RS, Chauhan HC, Patel AC, Sharma KK, Patel SS, Mohapatra SK, Shrimali MD, Chandel BS. VP2 gene sequencing based Geno-grouping of infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from Gujarat and Maharashtra state (India). Virusdisease 2021; 32:823-829. [PMID: 34901329 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), has recently been reported in chickens vaccinated with classical or intermediate types of vaccines from various regions of India due to the emergence of novel very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). In the present study, suspected samples of IBD were collected from poultry flocks of districts of Gujarat and Nagpur (Maharashtra), identified using PCR and grouped as per traditional and new genogrouping pattern. Out of 54 bursa samples, 21 (38.89%) yielded the expected amplicon of 743 bp (701-1444 bp), and were found positive for IBDV. Among these 21 positive flocks, 11 (52.38%) were already vaccinated. Upon nucleotide sequencing of amplicon and its deduction into amino acids, it was found that all the sequences of present study were related to vvIBDV according to old classification pattern. Considering the new genogrouping pattern, nine and four sequences of this study fell within G3a and G3b lineage, respectively. These sequences revealed important differences at key amino acid positions with respect to classical (G1 genogroup), variant (G2 genogroup) type of IBDV and classical vaccines. Further divergence from prototypic vvIBDV strains was revealed as, D-N at 212 position (N = 9) and 279 position (N = 1). In sequences from Maharashtra (group 2 of G3a lineage), occurrence of V instead of P/T/A at 222 position was recorded as a novel and conspicuous substitution in the immunodominant peak A of VP2 hypervariable region. Additional changes at 270 (3 sequences) and 272 positions (4 sequences) could be attributed to reverse mutation or recombination with vaccine strains. In conclusion, both point mutation and genetic reassortment with intermediate type of vaccines were found to be responsible for generation of novel vvIBDV strains in this area which belonged to G3a and G3b genogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh S Shinde
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (Now Under Kamdhenu University), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385005 India
| | - Harshadkumar C Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (Now Under Kamdhenu University), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385005 India
| | - Arun C Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (Now Under Kamdhenu University), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385005 India
| | - Kishan K Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (Now Under Kamdhenu University), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385005 India
| | - Sandip S Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (Now Under Kamdhenu University), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385005 India
| | - Sushil K Mohapatra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (Now Under Kamdhenu University), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385005 India
| | - Mehul D Shrimali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (Now Under Kamdhenu University), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385005 India
| | - Bharat Singh Chandel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (Now Under Kamdhenu University), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385005 India
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He X, Wang W, Chen G, Jiao P, Ji Z, Yang L, Wei P. Serological study reveal different antigenic IBDV strains prevalent in southern China during the years 2000-2017 and also the antigenic differences between the field strains and the commonly used vaccine strains. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108458. [PMID: 31767074 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antigenic relatedness of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses (IBDVs) in the field in southern China during the period 2000-2017, as well as the antigenic relationship between the field strains and the most commonly used vaccine strains by using a virus neutralization (VN) test in vitro. The antigenic relatedness (R) value and the difference in VN titers were analyzed, and the antigenic index based on the sequences of the hypervariable region of VP2 (vVP2) of the strains was further evaluated. As a result, the R value of representative field strains showed that there were three subtypes present in the field strains examined, with 7 strains belonging to subtype 1, while strains BH11 and JS7 belonged to subtype 2 and subtype 3, respectively. The commonly used vaccine strains B87 and FW2512 belonged to subtype 1. The analysis of the VN titer differences revealed that all the 136 field strains were classified into subtype 1, except BH11 and JS7. All the field strains in subtype 1 have been divided into at least 5 subgroups, suggesting the antigenic diversity among these strains. The antigenic index based on IBDV-VP2 sequences further confirmed the antigenic differences between the three subtype strains and also the antigenic diversity among the subtype 1. The results demonstrated the antigenic diversity of field IBDVs in southern China during the years 2000-2017 and the antigenic differences between the field strains and the commonly used vaccine strains. This would indicate that the commonly used vaccines are only partially effective. These results enhance our understanding of IBDV genetic evolution and should help to develop more effective vaccines for the control of this disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumiao He
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China; Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Pengtao Jiao
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Molecular characterization of field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus from three decades, 1987-2018, reveals a distinct genotypic subgroup in Vietnam. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2137-2145. [PMID: 31111260 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the viral protein 2 (VP2) ORF was determined for 26 Vietnamese infectious bursal disease isolates collected from clinical outbreaks in vaccinated flocks from 1987 to 2018 and two commercial vaccine specimens. These sequences were compared for molecular classification with 42 reference strains representing all four main classes of serotype 1, including very virulent (vvIBDV), classical (cvIBDV), antigenic variant (avIBDV) and attenuated (atIBDV) strains, and serotype 2 strains. Amino acids at nine key positions in the VP2-HVR in 20 Vietnamese isolates, A222, I242, Q253, I256, D279, A284, I294, S299, A329, which are typical of the vvIBDV class, were found to be identical in all of the isolates. Eighteen of these isolates had a unique change at residue 212 (D212N) located in the PAB loop. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a distinct lineage/subclade with strong nodal support (96%) that included recent Chinese IBDV strains that were distinct from typical vvIBDVs. Six isolates contained the amino acid substitutions P222, V242, Q253, V256, D279, A284, I294, N299, A329, which are present in two vaccine strains derived from strain 2512 and these isolates were also closely related to the classical virulent STC strain. Data from this study show that there is considerable genetic diversity among vvIBDVs, which vary according to geographic region. Antigenic drift and differences in genetic characteristics between virulent strains and IBDV vaccine strains may be the cause of vaccine failure. Better antigenic matching of vaccines to the strains circulating in Vietnam is therefore required.
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Fan L, Wu T, Hussain A, Gao Y, Zeng X, Wang Y, Gao L, Li K, Wang Y, Liu C, Cui H, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Liu Y, He H, Wang X, Qi X. Novel variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus isolated in China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:212-220. [PMID: 30827390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases that seriously threaten poultry farming and food safety worldwide. The variant strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been greatly neglected for more than 30 years. Recently, the subclinical infection of suspected IBD, causing considerable economic losses, occurred in the main chicken-farming regions of China. Through RT-PCR, sequencing, and phylogenic analyses, novel variant IBDVs were first identified in six provinces of eastern China. Immunological detection further confirmed the antigenic variation of the Chinese variant IBDVs. The Chinese IBDV variants were obviously different from the American IBDV variants, with less than a 97.7% (VP1) or 98.7% (VP2) amino acid sequence identity. Animal experiments further confirmed the serious threat of the variant IBDVs to chickens, demonstrating irreversible damage to the central immune organ, obvious immunosuppression, and growth retardation. This study not only identified the pandemic nature of the novel variant IBDVs for the first time but also discovered the distinct molecular epidemiological characteristics of these viruses, which will contribute more to the control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjin Fan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Altaf Hussain
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Animal Influenza Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Ceva China Technical & Marketing Department (Poultry), Beijing 100016, PR China
| | - Hongjiang He
- Ceva China Technical & Marketing Department (Poultry), Beijing 100016, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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Phylogenetic analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease viruses according to newly proposed model of classification into geno-groups. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:410-418. [PMID: 30651212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), the disease causes immunosuppression which leads to secondary infections among rearing poultry flocks. Characterization of the virus is important for its control and eradication. The circulating IBDVs are classified on the basis of their antigenic and pathogenic properties. The virus is categorised as classical, variant and very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). IBDV is a non-envelop, icosahedral double stranded virus. Viral protein 2 (VP2) is the major structural protein of capsid that determines the host-pathogen relationship. The aim of this study was to characterise the IBD virus of Pak-Asian region. METHODOLOGY IBDV suspected flocks were examined in Punjab, Pakistan from 2014-2018. Two hundred and fifty samples were collected with complete history of the disease. The suspected samples were collected from broiler, layer and rural poultry farms. RNA was extracted and hyper-variable region of VP2 gene was amplified using specific primers. Nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene was determined and its Amino Acid sequence was deduced. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis was also performed. RESULTS The current classifications based in a hyper-variable region of the capsid protein VP2 (hvVP2), classification of IBDVs is split into newly proposed geno-groups according to Jackwood group. Among these prevailing, some IBDVs are limited geographically whereas, others are reported cosmopolitan. Genetic alterations are continuously playing role in evolution of new strains of the virus. CONCLUSION During this study it was found that isolates of IBDV fall in first three geno-groups. Most of the geno-groups are prevalent around the world, whereas the mutated and re-assorted ones are confined in particular areas of the globe.
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Awandkar SP, Tembhurne PA, Kesharkar JA, Kurkure NV, Chaudhari SP, Bonde SW, Ingle VC. Identification and characterization of a novel infectious bursal disease virus from outbreaks in Maharashtra Province of India. Vet World 2018; 11:1516-1525. [PMID: 30532511 PMCID: PMC6247889 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1516-1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study was undertaken to isolate infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from clinical cases in broiler and cockerel flocks of Maharashtra state, India, and its molecular epidemiological investigation. Materials and Methods The morbid bursal tissues were collected from flocks suspected for IBD. The samples were subjected for virus adaptation in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells followed by confirmation by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for partial VP2 sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Results The isolation of IBDV from field samples took seven blind passages for adaptation in CEF. The cytopathic effects included rounding, aggregation, vacuolation, and detachment of the cells. The RT-PCR showed amplification of 627 bp amplicon specific to the primers for VP2 gene fragment which confirmed successful adaptation and isolation of IBDV using CEF. The nucleotide and deduced amino acids based on phylogeny clustered the current isolate in a distinct clade with classical virulent and antigenic variants. It showed divergence from very virulent (vv) and vaccine strains of Indian origin. The isolate showed unique amino acid substitution at A329V as compared to all other IBDVs. The variation in key amino acids was reported at A222, I242, Q249, Q253, A256, T270, N279, T284, I286, L294, N299, and V329. It shared conserved amino acids at position A222, I242, and Q253 as reported in vvIBDV isolates. However, the amino acids reported at position T270, N279, T284, L294, and N299 are conserved in classic, antigenic variant and attenuated strains of IBDV. The amino acids at positions N279 and T284 indicated that the isolate has key amino acids for cell culture replication. Conclusion The IBDV field isolate does not reveal the full nucleotide sequence signature of vvIBDV as well as vaccine strains. Hence, we can conclude that it might not belong to vvIBDVs of Indian origin and the vaccine strain used in the region. This may be suggestive of the evolution of the IBDV in the field due to the coexistence of circulating field strains and live attenuated hot strains, resulting into morbidity and mortality, warranting the need for safer protective vaccines, and implementation of stringent biosecurity measures to minimize loss to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar P Awandkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhakar A Tembhurne
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jeevan A Kesharkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin V Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep P Chaudhari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin W Bonde
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay C Ingle
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India
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Pikuła A, Domańska-Blicharz K, Cepulis R, Śmietanka K. Identification of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus with Atypical VP2 Amino Acid Profile in Latvia. J Vet Res 2017; 61:145-149. [PMID: 29978066 PMCID: PMC5894395 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a causative agent of immunosuppressive disorder resulting in significant losses to the world poultry industry. This study describes the molecular characterisation of an atypical IBDV from a field outbreak that occurred in vaccinated chicken flocks in Latvia in 2011. Material and Methods Ten bursae of Fabricius from each flock were collected for laboratory examination. Virus isolation was performed in embryonated eggs and CEF culture. The RT-PCR aimed at hypervariable domain of VP2 gene combined with sequencing was performed for detection and identification of IBDV. Results The molecular examinations confirmed the IBDV infection. The analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that the strain possessed four amino acids at VP2 protein (222A, 256I, 294I, and 299S), indicating a genetic relatedness to a very virulent IBDV. However, some unique or rare amino acid substitutions (219L, 220F, 254D, 279N, and 280T) were also detected. Conclusion The obtained results demonstrate the occurrence of IBDV with a high mutation rate within the hypervariable domain of VP2 peptide, and highlight the necessity of implementation of IBDV surveillance in Eastern European poultry industry to determine whether this strain is an exception or a new wave of IBDV with new genetic features emerged in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pikuła
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Śmietanka
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Nwagbo IO, Shittu I, Nwosuh CI, Ezeifeka GO, Odibo FJC, Michel LO, Jackwood DJ. Molecular characterization of field infectious bursal disease virus isolates from Nigeria. Vet World 2016; 9:1420-1428. [PMID: 28096615 PMCID: PMC5234057 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1420-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To characterize field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from outbreaks in nine states in Nigeria through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequence analysis of portions of the VP2 and VP1 genes and to determine the presence or absence of reassortant viruses. Materials and Methods: A total of 377 bursa samples were collected from 201 suspected IBD outbreaks during 2009 to 2014 from nine states in Nigeria. Samples were subjected to RT-PCR using VP2 and VP1 gene specific primers, and the resulting PCR products were sequenced. Results: A total of 143 samples were positive for IBDV by RT-PCR. These assays amplified a 743 bp fragment from nt 701 to 1444 in the IBDV VP2 hypervariable region (hvVP2) of segment A and a 722 bp fragment from nt 168 to 889 in the VP1 gene of segment B. RT-PCR products were sequenced, aligned and compared with reference IBDV sequences obtained from GenBank. All but one hvVP2 sequence showed similarity to very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) reference strains, yet only 3 of the VP1 67 VP1 sequences showed similarity to the VP1 gene of vvIBDV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a new lineage of Nigerian reassortant IBDV strains. Conclusion: Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of genome segment A and B of IBDV in Nigeria confirmed the existence of vvIBDV in Nigeria. In addition, we noted the existence of reassortant IBDV strains with novel triplet amino acid motifs at positions 145, 146 and 147 in the reassorted Nigerian IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma O Nwagbo
- Department of Virology, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences. Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- Department of Virology, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Chika I Nwosuh
- Department of Virology, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - George O Ezeifeka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Frederick J C Odibo
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences. Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Linda O Michel
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Daral J Jackwood
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Hernández M, Tomás G, Marandino A, Iraola G, Maya L, Mattion N, Hernández D, Villegas P, Banda A, Panzera Y, Pérez R. Genetic characterization of South American infectious bursal disease virus reveals the existence of a distinct worldwide-spread genetic lineage. Avian Pathol 2015; 44:212-21. [PMID: 25746415 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1025696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is one of the most concerning health problems for world poultry production. IBDVs comprise four well-defined evolutionary lineages known as classic (c), classic attenuated (ca), variant (va) and very virulent (vv) strains. Here, we characterized IBDVs from South America by the genetic analysis of both segments of the viral genome. Viruses belonging to c, ca and vv strains were unambiguously classified by the presence of molecular markers and phylogenetic analysis of the hypervariable region of the vp2 gene. Notably, the majority of the characterized viruses (9 out of 15) could not be accurately assigned to any of the previously described strains and were then denoted as distinct (d) IBDVs. These dIBDVs constitute an independent evolutionary lineage that also comprises field IBDVs from America, Europe and Asia. The hypervariable VP2 sequence of dIBDVs has a unique and conserved molecular signature (272T, 289P, 290I and 296F) that is a diagnostic character for classification. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) also identified the dIBDVs as a cluster of genetically related viruses separated from the typical strains. DAPC and genetic distance estimation indicated that the dIBDVs are one of the most genetically divergent IBDV lineages. The vp1 gene of the dIBDVs has non-vvIBDV markers and unique nucleotide and amino acid features that support their divergence in both genomic segments. The present study suggests that the dIBDVs comprise a neglected, highly divergent lineage that has been circulating in world poultry production since the early time of IBDV emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Hernández
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
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