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Neef A, Nath BK, Das T, Luque D, Forwood JK, Raidal SR, Das S. Recombinantly expressed virus-like particles (VLPs) of canine circovirus for development of an indirect ELISA. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1121-1133. [PMID: 38163840 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging pathogen in domestic dogs, detected in multiple countries in association with varying clinical and pathological presentations including diarrhoea, vasculitis, granulomatous inflammation, and respiratory signs. Understanding the pathology of CanineCV is confounded by the fact that it has been detected in asymptomatic dogs as well as in diseased dogs concurrently infected with known pathogens. Recombinantly expressed self-assembling Virus-like particles (VLPs) lack viral genomic material but imitate the capsid surface conformations of wild type virion, allowing arrays of biological applications including subunit vaccine development and immunodiagnostics. In this study, full length CanineCV capsid gene was expressed in Escherichia coli followed by two-step purification process to yield soluble capsid protein in high concentration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the capsid antigen self-assembled into 17-20 nm VLPs in glutathione S-transferase (GST) buffer, later utilised to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The respective sensitivity and specificity of the proposed iELISA were 94.10% and 88.40% compared with those obtained from Western blot. The mean OD450 value for western blot positive samples was 1.22 (range 0.12-3.39) and negative samples was 0.21 (range 0.07-0.41). An optimal OD450 cut-off of 0.35 was determined by ROC curve analysis. Median inter-assay and intra-assay validation revealed that the iELISA test results were reproducible with coefficients of variation 7.70 (range 5.6-11.9) and 4.21 (range 1.2-7.4). Our results demonstrated that VLP-based iELISA is a highly sensitive method for serological diagnosis of CanineCV infections in dogs, suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Neef
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Babu Kanti Nath
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Daniel Luque
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
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2
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Li Y, Yu P, Bao Y, Ren Y, Zhao S, Zhang X. Production of virus-like particles of porcine circovirus 2 in baculovirus expression system and its application for antibody detection. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:87. [PMID: 37468893 PMCID: PMC10355036 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is one of the pathogens that leads to a growing and persistent threat in pigs. Thus, the development of serological detection methods for PCV-2 is of great necessity for clinical diagnosis as well as epidemiological investigations. This study aimed to establish an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to examine antibodies against PCV-2 based on virus-like particles (VLPs). RESULTS Recombinant PCV-2 Cap protein was expressed in the baculovirus-insect cells system and PCV-2 VLPs were observed over transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PCV-2 VLPs were shown to have good immunogenicity in mice and stimulated a high level of PCV-2 antibody titers. Using PCV-2 VLPs as coating antigen, the indirect ELISA can detect PCV-2 antibodies in animals with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 98.33% and 93.33% compared to immunofluorescence assay (IFA), respectively. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient variations (CVs) were < 10% in a batch, and < 15% in different batches, indicating good repeatability. There was no cross-reaction of this ELISA with antibodies against other porcine viruses. A total of 170 serum samples collected from different pig farms in China were tested for PCV-2 antibodies, and 151 (88.8%) samples were PCV-2 antibody positive. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that this ELISA was rapid, specific, and reproducible and can be used for large-scale serological investigations of PCV-2 antibodies in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Pingping Yu
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yaxuan Bao
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yuwen Ren
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Shaowei Zhao
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Xuexian Zhang
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China.
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Li S, Wang B, Jiang S, Lan X, Qiao Y, Nie J, Yin Y, Shi Y, Kong W, Shan Y. Expression and evaluation of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus 8. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e8. [PMID: 33522160 PMCID: PMC7850785 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important infectious pathogen implicated in porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), which has caused significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Objectives A suitable viral vector-mediated gene transfer platform for the expression of the capsid protein (Cap) is an attractive strategy. Methods In the present study, a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (rAAV8) vector was constructed to encode Cap (Cap-rAAV) in vitro and in vivo after gene transfer. Results The obtained results showed that Cap could be expressed in HEK293T cells and BABL/c mice. The results of lymphocytes proliferative, as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2a and interferon-γ showed strong cellular immune responses induced by Cap-rAAV. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers obtained and the IgG1 and interleukin-4 levels showed that humoral immune responses were also induced by Cap-rAAV. Altogether, these results demonstrated that the rAAV8 vaccine Cap-rAAV can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses, indicating a potential rAAV8 vaccine against PCV2. Conclusions The injection of rAAV8 encoding PCV2 Cap genes into muscle tissue can ensure long-term, continuous, and systemic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shun Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaohui Lan
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yongbo Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiaojiao Nie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhe Yin
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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4
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Zhang Z, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Guo K. Enhanced protective immune response to PCV2 adenovirus vaccine by fusion expression of Cap protein with InvC in pigs. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e35. [PMID: 31364320 PMCID: PMC6669209 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The major immunogenic protein capsid (Cap) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is critical to induce neutralizing antibodies and protective immune response against PCV2 infection. This study was conducted to investigate the immune response of recombinant adenovirus expressing PCV2b Cap and C-terminal domain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin (Cap-InvC) fusion protein in pigs. The recombinant adenovirus rAd-Cap-InvC, rAd-Cap and rAd were generated and used to immunize pigs. The phosphate-buffered saline was used as negative control. The specific antibodies levels in rAd-Cap-InvC and ZJ/C-strain vaccine groups were higher than that of rAd-Cap group (p < 0.05), and the neutralization antibody titer in rAd-Cap-InvC group was significantly higher than those of other groups during 21–42 days post-immunization (DPI). Moreover, lymphocyte proliferative level, interferon-γ and interleukin-13 levels in rAd-Cap-InvC group were increased compared to rAd-Cap group (p < 0.05). After virulent challenge, viruses were not detected from the blood samples in rAd-Cap-InvC and ZJ/C-strain vaccine groups after 49 DPI. And the respiratory symptom, rectal temperature, lung lesion and lymph node lesion were minimal and similar in the ZJ/C-strain and rAd-Cap-InVC groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that rAd-Cap-InvC was more efficiently to stimulate the production of antibody and protect pigs from PCV2 infection. We inferred that InvC is a good candidate gene for further development and application of PCV2 genetic engineering vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencang Zhang
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling 712100, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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5
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Hu J, Chen L, Tang Y, Xie C, Xu B, Shi M, Zheng W, Zhou S, Wang X, Liu L, Yan Y, Yang T, Niu Y, Hou Q, Xu X, Yan X. Standardized Preparation for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Pigs. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1328. [PMID: 29971061 PMCID: PMC6018536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine of pigs harbors a mass of microorganisms which are essential for intestinal homeostasis and host health. Intestinal microbial disorders induce enteric inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, thereby causing adverse effects on the growth and health of pigs. In the human medicine, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which engrafts the fecal microbiota from a healthy donor into a patient recipient, has shown efficacy in intestinal microbiota restoration. In addition, it has been used widely in therapy for human gastrointestinal diseases, including Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, and irritable bowel syndrome. Given that pigs share many similarities with humans, in terms of anatomy, nutritional physiology, and intestinal microbial compositions, FMT may also be used to restore the normal intestinal microbiota of pigs. However, feasible procedures for performing FMT in pigs remains unclear. Here, we summarize a standardized preparation for FMT in pigs by combining the standard methodology for human FMT with pig production. The key issues include the donor selection, fecal material preparation, fecal material transfer, stool bank establishment, and the safety for porcine FMT. Optimal donors should be selected to ensure the efficacy of porcine FMT and reduce the risks of transmitting infectious diseases to recipients during FMT. Preparing for fresh fecal material is highly recommended. Alternatively, frozen fecal suspension can also be prepared as an optimal choice because it is convenient and has similar efficacy. Oral administration of fecal suspension could be an optimal method for porcine fecal material transfer. Furthermore, the dilution ratio of fecal materials and the frequency of fecal material transfer could be adjusted according to practical situations in the pig industry. To meet the potential large-scale requirement in the pig industry, it is important to establish a stool bank to make porcine FMT readily available. Future studies should also focus on providing more robust safety data on FMT to improve the safety and tolerability of the recipient pigs. This standardized preparation for porcine FMT can facilitate the development of microbial targeted therapies and improve the intestinal health of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinkai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaorong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiliang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
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Denner J. Xenotransplantation - A special case of One Health. One Health 2017; 3:17-22. [PMID: 28616498 PMCID: PMC5454160 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic shortage of human transplants to treat tissue and organ failure has led to the development of xenotransplantation, the transplantation of cells, tissues and organs from another species to human recipients. For a number of reasons, pigs are best suited as donor animals. Successful, routine xenotransplantation would have an enormous impact on the health of the human population, including the young, who sometimes require a replacement organ or islet cells, but especially the elderly, who more often suffer the consequences of organ failure. The first form of xenotransplantation applied to humans is the use of pig islet cells to treat insulin-dependent diabetes, a procedure that will have a significant economic impact. However, although xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues and organs may save and prolong the lives of patients, it may also be associated with the transmission of porcine microorganisms to the recipient, eventually resulting in emerging infectious diseases. For this reason, the health of both the donor animals and the human recipients represents a special and sensitive case of the One Health concept. Basic research leading to strategies how to prevent transmission of porcine microorganisms by selection of virus-free animals, treatment of donor pigs by antiviral drugs, vaccines, colostrum deprivation, early weaning, Caesarean delivery, embryo transfer and/or gene editing should be undertaken to supply an increasing number of potential recipients with urgently required transplants. The methods developed for the detection and elimination of porcine microorganisms in the context of xenotransplantation will also contribute to an improvement in the health of pig populations in general and an increase in the quality of meat products. At present, there is evidence for transmission of porcine viruses to humans eating pork and having contact with pigs, however the impact of these viruses on public health is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Denner
- Corresponding author at: Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.Robert Koch InstituteNordufer 20BerlinD-13353Germany
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Herbst W, Willems H. Detection of virus particles resembling circovirus and porcine circovirus 2a (PCV2a) sequences in feces of dogs. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:51-53. [PMID: 28135670 PMCID: PMC7111833 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During routine electron microscopy of fecal samples from diarrheic dogs dated from 2000 virus particles resembling circovirus in shape and size were detected in two samples (V2177/00; V3374/00). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) amplified DNA recovered from both samples. Sequencing of PCR amplificates (V2177/00) obtained with PCV2-specific primer pairs revealed a genome size of 1768 bp. The nucleotide sequence was highly similar (98% nucleotide identity) to the PCV2a reference sequence. Electron microscopy has revealed circoviruses in two fecal samples of diarrheic dogs. PCV2-specific PCR amplified DNA extracted from the samples. By sequencing one sample a genome size of 1768 bp and a nucleotide sequence identity of 98% to PCV2a were achieved. This is the first time that PCV2 has been reported in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Herbst
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Straße 89, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Hermann Willems
- Clinic of Ruminants and Swine, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Straße 112, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Abstract
The present study was performed to determine the expression of porcine circovirus type 2
(PCV2) antigen in the ovarian tissue of naturally infected gilts. Ovarian tissues were
obtained from 11 culled gilts. The ovarian tissues sections were divided into two groups
according to PCV2 DNA detection using PCR. PCV2 antigen was assessed in the paraffin
embedded ovarian tissue sections by immunohistochemistry. A total of 2,131 ovarian
follicles (i.e., 1,437 primordial, 133 primary, 353 secondary and 208 antral follicles),
66 atretic follicles and 131 corpora lutea were evaluated. It was found that PCV2 antigen
was detected in 280 ovarian follicles (i.e., 239 primordial follicles, 12 primary
follicles, 10 secondary follicles and 19 antral follicles), 1 atretic follicles and 3
corpora lutea (P<0.05). PCV2 antigen was detected in primordial
follicles more often than in secondary follicles, atretic follicles and corpora lutea
(P<0.05). The detection of PCV2 antigen was found mainly in oocytes.
PCV2 antigen was found in both PCV2 DNA positive and negative ovarian tissues. It can be
concluded that PCV2 antigen is expressed in all types of the ovarian follicles and corpora
lutea. Further studies should be carried out to determine the influence of PCV2 on porcine
ovarian function and oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padet Tummaruk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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