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He J, Lu X, Mao N, Zhu T, Yu L, Yu Y, Peng S, Deng X, Hu B, Jiang W, Lu Y, Wang D. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide- functionalized dendritic fibrous nano-silica -based adjuvant for H 9N 2 oral vaccine enhance systemic and mucosal immunity in chickens. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124318. [PMID: 38852750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 has the ability to infect birds and humans, further causing significant losses to the poultry industry and even posing a great threat to human health. Oral vaccine received particular interest for preventing majority infection due to its ability to elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses, but their development is limited by the bad gastrointestinal (GI) environment, compact epithelium and mucus barrier, and the lack of effective mucosal adjuvants. Herein, we developed the dendritic fibrous nano-silica (DFNS) grafted with Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDP) nanoparticles (CDP-DFNS) as an adjuvant for H9N2 vaccine. Encouragingly, CDP-DFNS facilitated the proliferation of T and B cells, and further induced the activation of T lymphocytes in vitro. Moreover, CDP-DFNS/H9N2 significantly promoted the antigen-specific antibodies levels in serum and intestinal mucosal of chickens, indicating the good ability to elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity. Additional, CDP-DFNS facilitate the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells both in spleen and intestinal mucosal, and the indexes of immune organs. This study suggested that CDP-DFNS may be a new avenue for development of oral vaccine against pathogens that are transmitted via mucosal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuanqi Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ningning Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaming Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Song Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangwen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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2
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Bortolami A, Mazzetto E, Kangethe RT, Wijewardana V, Barbato M, Porfiri L, Maniero S, Mazzacan E, Budai J, Marciano S, Panzarin V, Terregino C, Bonfante F, Cattoli G. Protective Efficacy of H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccines Inactivated by Ionizing Radiation Methods Administered by the Parenteral or Mucosal Routes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:916108. [PMID: 35898545 PMCID: PMC9309530 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.916108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
H9N2 viruses have become, over the last 20 years, one of the most diffused poultry pathogens and have reached a level of endemicity in several countries. Attempts to control the spread and reduce the circulation of H9N2 have relied mainly on vaccination in endemic countries. However, the high level of adaptation to poultry, testified by low minimum infectious doses, replication to high titers, and high transmissibility, has severely hampered the results of vaccination campaigns. Commercially available vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy in protecting against clinical disease, but variable results have also been observed in reducing the level of replication and viral shedding in domestic poultry species. Antigenic drift and increased chances of zoonotic infections are the results of incomplete protection offered by the currently available vaccines, of which the vast majority are based on formalin-inactivated whole virus antigens. In our work, we evaluated experimental vaccines based on an H9N2 virus, inactivated by irradiation treatment, in reducing viral shedding upon different challenge doses and compared their efficacy with formalin-inactivated vaccines. Moreover, we evaluated mucosal delivery of inactivated antigens as an alternative route to subcutaneous and intramuscular vaccination. The results showed complete protection and prevention of replication in subcutaneously vaccinated Specific Pathogen Free White Leghorn chickens at low-to-intermediate challenge doses but a limited reduction of shedding at a high challenge dose. Mucosally vaccinated chickens showed a more variable response to experimental infection at all tested challenge doses and the main effect of vaccination attained the reduction of infected birds in the early phase of infection. Concerning mucosal vaccination, the irradiated vaccine was the only one affording complete protection from infection at the lowest challenge dose. Vaccine formulations based on H9N2 inactivated by irradiation demonstrated a potential for better performances than vaccines based on the formalin-inactivated antigen in terms of reduction of shedding and prevention of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bortolami
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Eva Mazzetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Richard Thiga Kangethe
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Viskam Wijewardana
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Barbato
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition–DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Porfiri
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Maniero
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzacan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Jane Budai
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sabrina Marciano
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Panzarin
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonfante
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
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3
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Chen S, Quan K, Wang H, Li S, Xue J, Qin T, Chu D, Fan G, Du Y, Peng D. A Live Attenuated H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Prevents the Viral Reassortment by Exchanging the HA and NS1 Packaging Signals. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:613437. [PMID: 33613465 PMCID: PMC7890077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.613437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The H9N2 avian influenza virus is not only an important zoonotic pathogen, it can also easily recombine with other subtypes to generate novel reassortments, such as the H7N9 virus. Although H9N2 live attenuated vaccines can provide good multiple immunities, including humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity, the risk of reassortment between the vaccine strain and wild-type virus is still a concern. Here, we successfully rescued an H9N2 live attenuated strain [rTX-NS1-128 (mut)] that can interdict reassortment, which was developed by exchanging the mutual packaging signals of HA and truncated NS1 genes and confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. The dynamic growth results showed that rTX-NS1-128 (mut) replication ability in chick embryos was not significantly affected by our construction strategy compared to the parent virus rTX strain. Moreover, rTX-NS1-128 (mut) had good genetic stability after 15 generations and possessed low pathogenicity and no contact transmission characteristics in chickens. Furthermore, chickens were intranasally immunized by rTX-NS1-128 (mut) with a single dose, and the results showed that the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers peaked at 3 weeks after vaccination and lasted at least until 11 weeks. The cellular immunity (IL-6 and IL-12) and mucosal immunity (IgA and IgG) in the nasal and trachea samples were significantly increased compared to inactivated rTX. Recombinant virus provided a good cross-protection against homologous TX strain (100%) and heterologous F98 strain (80%) challenge. Collectively, these data indicated that rTX-NS1-128(mut) lost the ability for independent reassortment of HA and NS1-128 and will be expected to be used as a potential live attenuated vaccine against H9N2 subtype avian influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, China
| | - Keji Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dianfeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetically Engineered Veterinary Vaccines, Qingdao Yibang Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Gencheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetically Engineered Veterinary Vaccines, Qingdao Yibang Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanzhao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetically Engineered Veterinary Vaccines, Qingdao Yibang Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, China
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4
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Sun H, Fei L, Zhu B, Shi M. Quick and improved immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine by purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:427. [PMID: 33160337 PMCID: PMC7648552 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background H9N2 Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) raises public health concerns and its eradication in poultry becomes even more important in preventing influenza. AJSAF is a purified active saponin fraction from the stem bark of Albizzia julibrissin. In this study, AJSAF was evaluated for the adjuvant potentials on immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine (IH9V) in mice and chicken in comparison with commercially oil-adjuvant. Results AJSAF significantly induced faster and higher H9 subtype avian influenza virus antigen (H9–Ag)-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b antibody titers in mice and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and IgY antibody levels in chicken immunized with IH9V. AJSAF also markedly promoted Con A-, LPS- and H9–Ag-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity. Furthermore, AJSAF significantly induced the production of both Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and transcription factors in splenocytes from the IH9V-immunized mice. Although oil-formulated inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine (CH9V) also elicited higher H9–Ag-specific IgG and IgG1 in mice and HI antibody titer in chicken, this robust humoral response was later produced. Moreover, serum IgG2a and IgG2b antibody titers in CH9V-immunized mice were significantly lower than those of IH9V alone group. Conclusions AJSAF could improve antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and simultaneously trigger a Th1/Th2 response to IH9V. AJSAF might be a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate for H9N2 avian influenza vaccine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-020-02648-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Liyan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Binnian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minghua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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5
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Gu P, Wusiman A, Zhang Y, Cai G, Xu S, Zhu S, Liu Z, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Polyethylenimine-coated PLGA nanoparticles-encapsulated Angelica sinensis polysaccharide as an adjuvant for H9N2 vaccine to improve immune responses in chickens compared to Alum and oil-based adjuvants. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108894. [PMID: 33096470 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inactivated H9N2 influenza vaccines required adjuvants to induce strong immune responses to protect poultry from the infections of H9N2 influenza viruses. Recently, positively charged nanoparticles-based adjuvant delivery systems have been extensively investigated as the novel vaccine adjuvant due to the protection antigens and drugs from degradation, promoting antigens and drugs uptake by antigen presenting cells (APCs), and inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, the immunostimulant Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) was encapsulated into Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanoparticles, and the Polyethylenimine (PEI) was coated on the nanoparticles to develop a novel adjuvant (ASP-PLGA-PEI). To further investigate the adjuvant activities of ASP-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles for H9N2 vaccines in chickens and compare the adjuvant activities of nanoparticles adjuvant and conventional adjuvants (Alum and oil-based adjuvant), the H9N2 antigen was incubated with three different adjuvants and then immunized with chickens to evaluate the ability of inducing humoral and cellular immune responses. The results revealed that compared to Alum adjuvant, ASP-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles adjuvant stimulated higher antibody responses, promoted the activation of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, increased the expression of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ. Compared to oil-based adjuvant (ISA-206), ASP-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles adjuvant induced comparable antibody immune responses at later period after immunization, improved the activation of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Therefore, compared to Alum and oil-based adjuvant, the ASP-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles serve as an efficient adjuvant for H9N2 vaccine and have the potential to induce vigorous humoral and cellular immune responses in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Adelijiang Wusiman
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Gaofeng Cai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shaowu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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6
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Bonfante F, Mazzetto E, Zanardello C, Fortin A, Gobbo F, Maniero S, Bigolaro M, Davidson I, Haddas R, Cattoli G, Terregino C. A G1-lineage H9N2 virus with oviduct tropism causes chronic pathological changes in the infundibulum and a long-lasting drop in egg production. Vet Res 2018; 49:83. [PMID: 30157967 PMCID: PMC6116506 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1997, G1-lineage H9N2 avian influenza viruses have been circulating in Asia and later on in the Middle East, and they have been associated to mild respiratory disease, drops in egg production and moderate mortality in chickens, in particular in the presence of concurrent infections. In this study, we investigated the importance of the G1-lineage H9N2 A/chicken/Israel/1163/2011 virus as a primary pathogen in layers, analyzing its tropism and binding affinity for the oviduct tissues, and investigating the long-term impact on egg production. Besides causing a mild respiratory infection, the virus replicated in the oviduct of 60% of the hens causing different degrees of salpingitis throughout the organ, in particular at the level of the infundibulum, where the detection of the virus was associated with severe heterophilic infiltrate, and necrosis of the epithelium. Binding affinity assays confirmed that the infundibulum was the most receptive region of the oviduct. The drop in egg production was at its peek at 2 weeks post-infection (pi) (60% decrease) and continued up to 80 days pi (35% decrease). On day 80 pi, non-laying birds showed egg yolk peritonitis, and histopathological analyses described profound alteration of the infundibulum architecture, duct ectasia and thinning of the epithelium, while the rest of the oviduct and ovary appeared normal. Our results show that this H9N2 virus is a primary pathogen in layer hens, and that its replication in the infundibulum is responsible for acute and chronic lesions that limits the effective functionality of the oviduct, compromising the commercial life of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonfante
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Eva Mazzetto
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Zanardello
- Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Fortin
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Avian Medicine Laboratory and Mycoplasmas Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Maniero
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michela Bigolaro
- Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Irit Davidson
- Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 12, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ruth Haddas
- Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 12, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division for Nuclear Applications in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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7
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Astill J, Alkie T, Yitbarek A, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Bavananthasivam J, Nagy É, Petrik JJ, Sharif S. Examination of the effects of virus inactivation methods on the induction of antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses against whole inactivated H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccines in chickens. Vaccine 2018; 36:3908-3916. [PMID: 29853199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several types of avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccines exist, including live-attenuated, vectored, and whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines. Inactivated vaccines offer some advantages compared to other types of vaccines, including ease of production and lack of ability to revert to a virulent state. However, WIV are poorly immunogenic, especially when these vaccines are delivered to mucosal surfaces. There are several factors that contribute to the immunogenicity of vaccines, one of which is the method used to inactivate viruses. Several methods exist for producing influenza WIVs, including formaldehyde, a chemical that affects protein structures leading to virus inactivation. Other methods include treatment with beta-propiolactone (BPL) and the application of gamma radiation, both of which have less effects on protein structures compared to formaldehyde, and instead alter nucleic acids in the virion. Here, we sought to determine the effect of the above inactivation methods on immunogenicity of AIV vaccines. To this end, chickens were vaccinated with three different H9N2 WIVs using formaldehyde, BPL, and gamma radiation for inactivation. In addition to administering these three WIVs alone as vaccines, we also included CpG ODN 2007, a synthetic ligand recognized by Toll-like receptor (TLR)21 in chickens, as an adjuvant for each WIV. Subsequently, antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses were measured following vaccination. Antibody-mediated immune responses were increased in chickens that received the BPL and Gamma WIVs compared to the formaldehyde WIV. CpG ODN 2007 was found to significantly increase antibody responses for each WIV compared to WIV alone. Furthermore, we observed the presence of cell-mediated immune responses in chickens that received the BPL WIV combined with CpG ODN 2007. Based on these results, the BPL WIV + CpG ODN 2007 combination was the most effective vaccine at inducing adaptive immune responses against H9N2 AIV. Future studies should characterize mucosal adaptive immune responses to these vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tamiru Alkie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Biology, Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada(1)
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al Shamlah, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Jegarubee Bavananthasivam
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James John Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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8
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Chen S, Zhu Y, Yang D, Yang Y, Shi S, Qin T, Peng D, Liu X. Efficacy of Live-Attenuated H9N2 Influenza Vaccine Candidates Containing NS1 Truncations against H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1086. [PMID: 28659900 PMCID: PMC5469905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza virus is a zoonotic agent with a broad host range that can contribute genetic information to H5 or H7N9 subtype viruses, which are significant threats to both humans and birds. Thus, there is a great need for a vaccine to control H9N2 avian influenza. Three mutant viruses of an H9N2 virus A/chicken/Taixing/10/2010 (rTX-NS1-73, rTX-NS1-100, and rTX-NS1-128) were constructed with different NS1 gene truncations and confirmed by western blot analysis. The genetic stability, pathogenicity, transmissibility, and host immune responses toward these mutants were evaluated. The mutant virus rTX-NS1-128 exhibited the most attenuated phenotype and lost transmissibility. The expression levels of interleukin 12 in the nasal and tracheal tissues from chickens immunized with rTX-NS1-128 were significantly upregulated on day 3 post-immunization and the IgA and IgG antibody levels were significantly increased on days 7, 14, and 21 post-immunization when compared to chickens that received an inactivated vaccine. rTX-NS1-128 also protected chickens from challenge by homologous and heterologous H9N2 avian influenza viruses. The results indicate that rTX-NS1-128 can be used as a potential live-attenuated vaccine against H9N2 avian influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Yinbiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China.,Yangzhou Vac Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.Yangzhou, China
| | - Da Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
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Wei Y, Qi L, Gao H, Sun H, Pu J, Sun Y, Liu J. Generation and protective efficacy of a cold-adapted attenuated avian H9N2 influenza vaccine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30382. [PMID: 27457755 PMCID: PMC4960571 DOI: 10.1038/srep30382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent H9N2 avian influenza virus infection in chickens, a long-term vaccination program using inactivated vaccines has been implemented in China. However, the protective efficacy of inactivated vaccines against antigenic drift variants is limited, and H9N2 influenza virus continues to circulate in vaccinated chicken flocks in China. Therefore, developing a cross-reactive vaccine to control the impact of H9N2 influenza in the poultry industry remains a high priority. In the present study, we developed a live cold-adapted H9N2 influenza vaccine candidate (SD/01/10-ca) by serial passages in embryonated eggs at successively lower temperatures. A total of 13 amino acid mutations occurred during the cold-adaptation of this H9N2 virus. The candidate was safe in chickens and induced robust hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses and influenza virus–specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses in chickens immunized intranasally. Importantly, the candidate could confer protection of chickens from homologous and heterogenous H9N2 viruses. These results demonstrated that the cold-adapted attenuated H9N2 virus would be selected as a vaccine to control the infection of prevalent H9N2 influenza viruses in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huijie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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