1
|
Silva RA, da Silva BF, Pereira MS, Coelho PAT, Costa RA, Chaves AC, Silva IGN, Carneiro VA. Combinatorial effects between aromatic plant compounds and chlorhexidine digluconate against canine otitis-related Staphylococcus spp. Res Vet Sci 2024; 170:105182. [PMID: 38377791 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens necessitates novel treatment strategies, particularly in veterinary medicine where otitis in dogs is very common in small animals' clinical routines. Considering this challenge, this study explores the efficacy of aromatic plant compounds (APC), including eugenol (EUG), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), and geraniol (GER), and their synergistic potential when combined with the antiseptic agent chlorhexidine (CLX), offering insight into alternative therapeutic approaches. The disk diffusion assay revealed differential sensitivity of Staphylococcus spp. strains to the tested compounds, with EUG and GER showing moderate inhibition zones and TC displaying considerably larger inhibition zones. Further analysis through MIC and MBC determinations suggested that EUG required the highest concentrations to inhibit and kill the bacteria, whereas TC and GER were effective at lower concentrations. Combined with CLX, all three plant-derived compounds demonstrated a significant enhancement of antibacterial activity, indicated by reduced MIC values and a predominantly synergistic interaction across the strains tested. GER was the most potent in combination with CLX, presenting the lowest mean FICi values and the highest fold reductions in MIC. This study emphasizes the APC's potential as an adjunct to conventional antimicrobial agents like CLX. The marked synergy observed, especially with GER, suggests that such combinations could be promising alternatives in managing bacterial otitis in dogs, potentially mitigating the impact of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romério Alves Silva
- Veterinary Sciences Department of State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Benise Ferreira da Silva
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Mainara Saraiva Pereira
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Paulo Adenes Teixeira Coelho
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Renata Albuquerque Costa
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Andrey Carvalho Chaves
- Veterinary Sciences Department of State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Isaac Goes Neto Silva
- Veterinary Sciences Department of State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor Alves Carneiro
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rosales RS, Ramírez AS, Moya-Gil E, de la Fuente SN, Suárez-Pérez A, Poveda JB. Microbiological Survey and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Microorganisms Obtained from Suspect Cases of Canine Otitis Externa in Gran Canaria, Spain. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:742. [PMID: 38473127 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A retrospective study of microbiological laboratory results from 2020 to 2022, obtained from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory of the island of Gran Canaria, Spain, focused on canine otitis cases, was performed. The objective of this study was to analyze the pathogen distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, prevalence of multidrug resistant phenotypes and the role of coinfections in otitis cases in order to provide up-to-date evidence that could support effective control strategies for this prevalent pathology. A total of 604 submissions were processed for the diagnosis of canine external otitis. Of the samples analyzed, 472 were positive for bacterial or fungal growth (78.1%; 95% CI: 74.8-81.4%). A total of 558 microbiological diagnoses were obtained, divided in 421 bacterial (75.4%; 95% CI: 71.8-79.0%) and 137 fungal (24.6%; 95% CI: 20.9-28.1%) identifications. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Malassezia pachydermatis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most prevalent microorganisms detected in clinical cases of otitis. High level antimicrobial resistance was found for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.7%), Proteus mirabilis (29.4%), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (25.1%) and Escherichia coli (19%). Multidrug-resistant phenotypes were observed in 47% of the bacteria isolated. In addition, a 26.4% prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was detected. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant phenotypes in these bacteria highlights the current necessity for constant up-to-date prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility data that can support evidence-based strategies to effectively tackle this animal and public health concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén S Rosales
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
- Análisis Veterinarios Eurofins, Calle Leopoldo Matos, 18, 35006 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana S Ramírez
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moya-Gil
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - Sara N de la Fuente
- Análisis Veterinarios Eurofins, Calle Leopoldo Matos, 18, 35006 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Pérez
- Departamento de Patolología Animal, Producción Animal, Bromatología y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - José B Poveda
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee GY, Lee SI, Park JH, Kim SD, Kim GB, Yang SJ. Detection and characterization of potential virulence determinants in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi strains isolated from canine otitis externa in Korea. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e85. [PMID: 38031521 PMCID: PMC10694376 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent increase in the occurrence of canine skin and soft tissue infections, including otitis externa and pyoderma, caused by antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi has become a significant public and veterinary health issues. OBJECTIVE We investigated the virulence potentials associated with the occurrence of canine otitis externa in S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi. METHODS In this study, the prevalence of genes encoding leukocidins, exfoliative toxins, and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) was investigated using previously characterized S. pseudintermedius (n = 26) and S. schleiferi (n = 19) isolates derived from canine otitis externa. Susceptibility to cathelicidins (K9CATH and PMAP-36) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was also examined in both staphylococcal species. RESULTS A high prevalence of genes encoding leukocidins (lukS/F-I, lukS1/F1-S, and lukS2/F2-S), exfoliative toxins (siet, expB, and sset), and SEs was identified in both S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi isolates. Notably, S. pseudintermedius isolates possessed higher number of SE genes, especially newer SE genes, than S. schleiferi isolates harboring egc clusters. Although no significant differences in susceptibility to K9CATH and H2O2 were observed between the two isolate groups, S. pseudintermedius isolates exhibited enhanced resistance to PMAP-36 compared to S. schleiferi isolates. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high a prevalence of various toxin genes together with enhanced resistance to cathelicidins may contribute to the pathogenicity of S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi in canine cutaneous infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Yong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soo In Lee
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Ji Heon Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sun Do Kim
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheung GYC, Otto M. Virulence Mechanisms of Staphylococcal Animal Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14587. [PMID: 37834035 PMCID: PMC10572719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are major causes of infections in mammals. Mammals are colonized by diverse staphylococcal species, often with moderate to strong host specificity, and colonization is a common source of infection. Staphylococcal infections of animals not only are of major importance for animal well-being but have considerable economic consequences, such as in the case of staphylococcal mastitis, which costs billions of dollars annually. Furthermore, pet animals can be temporary carriers of strains infectious to humans. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance is a great concern in livestock infections, as there is considerable antibiotic overuse, and resistant strains can be transferred to humans. With the number of working antibiotics continuously becoming smaller due to the concomitant spread of resistant strains, alternative approaches, such as anti-virulence, are increasingly being investigated to treat staphylococcal infections. For this, understanding the virulence mechanisms of animal staphylococcal pathogens is crucial. While many virulence factors have similar functions in humans as animals, there are increasingly frequent reports of host-specific virulence factors and mechanisms. Furthermore, we are only beginning to understand virulence mechanisms in animal-specific staphylococcal pathogens. This review gives an overview of animal infections caused by staphylococci and our knowledge about the virulence mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Burke M, Santoro D. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci in canine and feline dermatological patients over a 10-year period: a retrospective study. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169. [PMID: 36786549 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) are common cutaneous pathogens often requiring multiple courses of antibiotics, which may facilitate selection for methicillin-resistant (MR) and/or multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. To determine the prevalence of canine and feline MR/MDR CPS associated with skin diseases, medical records were retrospectively searched from April 2010 to April 2020. Pets with at least one positive culture for CPS were selected. Age, sex, antimicrobial sensitivity, previous history of antimicrobial/immunomodulatory medications and methicillin resistance/multidrug resistance status were recorded. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) (575/748) and Staphylococcus schleiferi (SS) (159/748) in dogs, and Staphylococcus aureus (12/22) in cats, were the most common CPS isolated. Three hundred and twenty-three out of 575 isolates were MR-SP (56.2 %), 304/575 were MDR-SP (52.8 %), 100/159 were MR-SS (62.9 %) and 71/159 were MDR-SS (44.6 %). A trend analysis showed a significant increase of resistance to oxacillin and chloramphenicol for S. pseudintermedius (r=0.86, 0.8; P=0.0007, 0.0034, respectively). Major risk factors for MDR-SP included oxacillin resistance (OR: 3; 95 % CI: 1.4-6.5; P=0.0044), positivity for PBP2a (OR: 2.3; 95 % CI: 1-5; P=0.031) and use of antibiotics in the previous year (OR: 2.8; 95 % CI: 1.3-5.8; P=0.0071). Oxacillin resistance was identified as a major risk factor for MDR-SS (OR: 8.8; 95 % CI: 3.6-21.1; P<0.0001). These results confirmed the widespread presence of MR/MDR CPS in referred dermatological patients. Judicious antibiotic use, surveillance for MR/MDR infections and consideration of alternative therapies are crucial in mitigating the development of resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Burke
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lord J, Millis N, Jones RD, Johnson B, Kania SA, Odoi A. An epidemiological study of the predictors of multidrug resistance and methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from canine specimens submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Tennessee, USA. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15012. [PMID: 36992942 PMCID: PMC10042164 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding drivers of multidrug resistance (MDR) and methicillin resistance, which have increased among canine staphylococcal isolates, is essential for guiding antimicrobial use practices. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify predictors of MDR and methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus spp. commonly isolated from canine clinical specimens. Methods This retrospective study used records of canine specimens submitted to the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Clinical Bacteriology Laboratory for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing between 2006 and 2017. Records from 7,805 specimens positive for the following Staphylococcus species were included for analysis: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus coagulans (formerly Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans), and Staphylococcus schleiferi (formerly S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi). Generalized linear regression models were fit using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to identify predictors of MDR (defined as resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes) and methicillin resistance among these isolates. Results Multidrug resistance (42.1%) and methicillin resistance (31.8%) were relatively common. Isolates from skeletal (joint and bone) specimens had the highest levels of MDR (51.3%) and methicillin resistance (43.6%), followed by cutaneous specimens (45.8% multidrug-resistant, 37.1% methicillin resistant). Staphylococcus species, specimen site, and clinical setting were significant (p < 0.01) predictors of both outcomes. Compared to S. pseudintermedius, S. schleiferi had higher odds of methicillin resistance, while S. coagulans and S. schleiferi had lower odds of MDR. The odds of both MDR and methicillin resistance for isolates from hospital patient specimens were significantly higher than those from referral patients for urine/bladder and otic specimens. Odds of MDR among isolates from skeletal specimens of hospital patients were also higher than those of referral patients. Conclusions Staphylococcus isolates in this study had substantial levels of MDR and methicillin resistance. Differences in the odds of these outcomes between referral and hospital patient isolates did not persist for all specimen sites, which may reflect differences in diagnostic testing and antimicrobial use practices with respect to body site or system. Judicious antimicrobial use, informed by culture and susceptibility testing, is important to limit treatment failures and curb selection pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lord
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Nick Millis
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Duckett Jones
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Brian Johnson
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Agricola Odoi
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Saidenberg ABS, Stegger M, Torres C. Clonal relatedness of coagulase-positive staphylococci among healthy dogs and dog-owners in Spain. Detection of multidrug-resistant-MSSA-CC398 and novel linezolid-resistant-MRSA-CC5. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121564. [PMID: 36937268 PMCID: PMC10017961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nasal carriage of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) in healthy dogs could indicate increased risks of colonization for in-contact people or vice versa. This study determined the nasal carriage rate of CoPS among healthy dogs and in-contact people, their genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic relatedness. Methods Nasal samples were collected from 27 households (34 dogs and 41 humans) in Spain. Staphylococci were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS, their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and spa-types were tested by PCR/sequencing. The relatedness of CoPS from the same households was assessed by core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyses. Results Staphylococcus aureus carriage was found in 34.1% of humans (including one methicillin-resistant S. aureus MRSA-CC5-t2220-SCCmec type-IV2B) and 5.9% of dogs; Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in 2.4% of humans and 32.4% of dogs; while Staphylococcus coagulans was only detected in dogs (5.4%). Remarkably, one human co-carried S. aureus/S. pseudintermedius, while a dog co-carried the three CoPS species. Household density was significantly associated with S. pseudintermedius carriage in households with > than 1 dog and >than 1 human (OR = 18.10, 95% CI: 1.24-260.93, p = 0.034). Closely related (<15 SNPs) S. aureus or S. pseudintermedius were found in humans or dogs in three households. About 56.3% S. aureus carriers (dog or human) harboured diverse within-host spa-types or AMR genotypes. Ten clonal complexes (CCs) were detected among the S. aureus, of which methicillin-susceptible S. aureus-CC398-IEC-type C (t1451 and t571) was the most frequent, but exclusive to humans. S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates harboured resistance genes or mutations associated to 9 classes of antimicrobials including linezolid (G2261A & T1584A point mutations in 23S rDNA). The S. coagulans isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. Most of the S. pseudintermedius carried lukS/F-I, siet, and sient genes, and all S. aureus were negative for lukS/F-PV, tst-1, eta and etb genes. Discussion Clonally related human-to-human MSSA and dog-to-human MSSP were found. The detection of the MSSA-CC398 clade highlights the need for its continuous surveillance from One Health perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Andre Becker Simoes Saidenberg
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Food Safety and Zoonoses, Institute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns Universitet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carmen Torres,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Virulence Potential of Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus coagulans Causing Skin Infections in Companion Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101339. [PMID: 36289997 PMCID: PMC9598800 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) account for most bacteria-related pyoderma in companion animals. Emergence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Staphylococcus coagulans (MRSC), often with multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes, is a public health concern. The study collection comprised 237 staphylococci (S. pseudintermedius (n = 155), S. aureus (n = 55) and S. coagulans (n = 27)) collected from companion animals, previously characterized regarding resistance patterns and clonal lineages. Biofilm production was detected for 51.0% (79/155), 94.6% (52/55) and 88.9% (24/27) of the S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus and S. coagulans, respectively, and was a frequent trait of the predominant S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus clonal lineages. The production of biofilm varied with NaCl supplementation of the growth media. All S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus strains carried icaADB. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of Galleria mellonella infected with different CoPS revealed a higher virulence potential of S. aureus when compared with other CoPS. Our study highlights a high frequency of biofilm production by prevalent antimicrobial-resistant clonal lineages of CoPS associated with animal pyoderma, potentially related with a higher virulence potential and persistent or recurrent infections.
Collapse
|
9
|
Clonal distribution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and retail chicken meat. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102070. [PMID: 36041389 PMCID: PMC9449669 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
10
|
Lord J, Millis N, Jones RD, Johnson B, Kania SA, Odoi A. Patterns of antimicrobial, multidrug and methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from canine specimens submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Tennessee, USA: a descriptive study. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:91. [PMID: 35255907 PMCID: PMC8903740 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug- and methicillin-resistant staphylococci are both veterinary and public health concerns due to their zoonotic potential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate patterns of antimicrobial, multidrug, and methicillin resistance among four Staphylococcus spp. commonly isolated from canine clinical specimens submitted to the Clinical Bacteriology Laboratory at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine (UTCVM). Methods Results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and mecA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for isolates of four common Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained from the Bacteriology Laboratory at the UTCVM between 01/01/2006 and 12/31/2017. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to assess temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), multidrug resistance (MDR), and methicillin resistance. Kappa test of agreement was used to assess agreement between the results of PCR and disk diffusion tests. Results Most of the 7805 isolates were S. pseudintermedius (6453 isolates), followed by S. coagulans (860), S. aureus (330), and S. schleiferi (162). Among S. pseudintermedius isolates, 45.5% were MDR, and 30.8% were methicillin-resistant (MRSP). There was a significant temporal increase in MRSP (p = 0.017). Chloramphenicol resistance increased among both MRSP and methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) isolates (p < 0.0001). Among S. aureus isolates, 40.9% were MDR, 37.4% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and the proportion of MRSA isolates increased significantly (p = 0.0480) over time. There was an increasing temporal trend in the proportion of MDR isolates among MSSP (p = 0.0022), but a decrease among MRSP (p < 0.0001) and MRSA (p = 0.0298). S. schleiferi had the highest percentage (56.9%) of methicillin-resistant isolates. Oxacillin disk diffusion was superior to cefoxitin for the detection of mecA-mediated resistance and had almost perfect agreement with mecA PCR assay for S. pseudintermedius (95.4% agreement, kappa (κ) = 0.904; p < 0.0001), S. coagulans (95.6%, κ = 0.913; p < 0.0001) and S. schleiferi (97.7%, κ = 0.945; p < 0.0001). However, cefoxitin disk diffusion was superior to oxacillin disk diffusion and had almost perfect agreement with mecA PCR assay for S. aureus (95.3%, κ = 0.834; p < 0.0001). Conclusions The levels of resistance and increasing temporal trends are concerning. These findings have implications for treatment decisions and public health due to the zoonotic potential of staphylococci. Continued surveillance and use of antibiograms to guide clinical decisions will be critical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lord
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nick Millis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Rebekah Duckett Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Brian Johnson
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen A Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Agricola Odoi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Souza-Silva T, Rossi CC, Andrade-Oliveira AL, Vilar LC, Pereira MF, Penna BDA, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Interspecies transfer of plasmid-borne gentamicin resistance between Staphylococcus isolated from domestic dogs to Staphylococcus aureus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105230. [PMID: 35104683 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As preconized by the One Health concept, the intimate relationship between pets and owners is a common source for the trade of microorganisms with zoonotic potential, and with them, antimicrobial resistance genes. In this work, we evaluated the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes, that are usually within mobile genetic elements, in a laboratory collection of 79 canine Staphylococcus strains, mostly Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus coagulans. Resistance to tetracycline was observed in 34% of the strains, followed by resistance to erythromycin (21%) and gentamicin (19%). These phenotypes were partially correlated with the presence of the tetracycline resistance genes tet(M) and tet(K) in 64% and 44% of all strains, respectively; erythromycin resistance genes erm(A) and erm(C) in 53% and 23%; and gentamicin resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2″) in 26% of the strains. At least 45% of the strains harbored high- and/or low-molecular weight plasmids, whose transfer may be facilitated by their widespread biofilm-forming capacity, and absence of restrictive CRISPR systems. We selected eight plasmid-bearing and multidrug resistant strains, which were submitted to plasmid curing by stress with SDS. No strain lost resistance during stressing cultivation but, by conjugation experiments, the S. pseudintermedius strain 27 transferred its plasmid-borne resistance to gentamicin, conferred by the aac(6')-aph(2″) gene, to Staphylococcus aureus. The frequent empirical use of gentamicin to treat skin and ear infections in domestic dogs is likely to select resistant strains. Also, as demonstrated by our study, these strains can serve as gene reservoirs for human pathogens, such as S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaysa Souza-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Andrade-Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cecílio Vilar
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Carangola, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kobayashi T, Ikeda M, Ohama Y, Murono K, Ikeuchi K, Kitaura S, Okamoto K, Okugawa S, Ishihara S, Moriya K. First human case of catheter-related blood stream infection caused by Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans: a case report and literature review. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:68. [PMID: 34563226 PMCID: PMC8466638 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus schleiferi is a gram-positive pathogenic coccus which causes canine skin and ear infections. Only four cases of human infection caused by Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans have been reported. Herein, we present the first case of catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans. CASE PRESENTATION A 62-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for examination of sigmoid colon tumor. During hospitalization, he had fever, shaking chills, and swelling at the peripheral venous catheter insertion site. Two sets of blood cultures were positive for S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans which was confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and the coagulase test. The patient was successfully treated without relapse. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans. S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans can be pathogenic in humans, and MALDI-TOF MS can contribute to accurate identification of S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ohama
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitaura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suepaul S, Georges K, Unakal C, Boyen F, Sookhoo J, Ashraph K, Yusuf A, Butaye P. Determination of the frequency, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from dogs and their owners in Trinidad. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254048. [PMID: 34214140 PMCID: PMC8253405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The close contact between humans and their dogs can lead to the commingling of staphylococci and the exchange of mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococci colonizing canine pets and their owners in Trinidad. Staphylococci were isolated from canine pets and their owners and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against seven classes of antimicrobial agents. A total of 440 staphylococci were isolated from 112 canine pets and their owners, 53.4% were from canine pets and 46.6% were from owners. Twenty-four species were detected, of which, most isolates (32.5%) belonged to the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG). S. sciuri was the most common species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprising 22.3% of all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was highest against commonly used antimicrobials, such as penicillin (51.4%), tetracycline (26.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (18.6%). These antimicrobials also comprised the most common multidrug resistance (MDR) combination. Overall, 19.1% of isolates displayed multidrug resistance. No methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected. However, methicillin resistance was detected in 13.3% and 15.1% of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and the CoNS+CoVS (combined CoNS and coagulase-variable staphylococci) group respectively. The presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci is worrisome because there is the potential for the transfer of these strains between dogs and humans. These strains may act as a reservoir of resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharianne Suepaul
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- * E-mail:
| | - Karla Georges
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Chandrashekhar Unakal
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jamie Sookhoo
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Khalil Ashraph
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anisah Yusuf
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Costa SS, Oliveira V, Serrano M, Pomba C, Couto I. Phenotypic and Molecular Traits of Staphylococcus coagulans Associated with Canine Skin Infections in Portugal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050518. [PMID: 34063179 PMCID: PMC8147484 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus coagulans is among the three most frequent pathogens of canine pyoderma. Yet, studies on this species are scarce. Twenty-seven S. coagulans and one S. schleiferi, corresponding to all pyoderma-related isolations from these two species at two veterinary laboratories in Lisbon, Portugal, between 1999 and 2018 (Lab 1) or 2018 (Lab 2), were analyzed. Isolates were identified by the analysis of the nuc gene and urease production. Antibiotic susceptibility towards 27 antibiotics was evaluated by disk diffusion. Fourteen antibiotic resistance genes were screened by PCR. Isolates were typed by SmaI-PFGE. Two S. coagulans isolates (2/27, 7.4%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSC, mecA+) and four (4/27, 14.8%) displayed a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. We observed resistance to penicillin (17/27, 63.0%), fluoroquinolones (11/27, 40.7%), erythromycin and clindamycin (3/27, 11.1%), fusidic acid (3/27, 11.1%) and tetracycline (1/27, 3.7%). The blaZ and erm(B) genes were carried by 16 and 1 isolates resistant to penicillin and erythromycin/clindamycin, respectively. Only three S. coagulans carried plasmids. The single S. schleiferi isolate presented an MDR phenotype. SmaI-PFGE revealed a limited genetic diversity of S. coagulans, with a predominant lineage present from 2001 to 2018. This study describes the first MRSC causing canine infection in Portugal and reveals a high burden of antimicrobial resistance, with the emergence of MDR phenotypes within the main lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.O.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.C.); (I.C.); Tel.: +351-21-3652652 (S.S.C. & I.C.); Fax: +351-21-3632105 (S.S.C. & I.C.)
| | - Valéria Oliveira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Serrano
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Constança Pomba
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- GeneVet, Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular Veterinário, Rua Quinta da Nora Loja 3B, 2790-140 Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.O.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.C.); (I.C.); Tel.: +351-21-3652652 (S.S.C. & I.C.); Fax: +351-21-3632105 (S.S.C. & I.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Canine Staphylococcus spp. Isolates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030515. [PMID: 33801518 PMCID: PMC7998746 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are reservoirs of different Staphylococcus species, but at the same time, they could develop several clinical forms caused by these bacteria. The aim of the present investigation was to characterize 50 clinical Staphylococcus isolates cultured from sick dogs. Bacterial species determination, hemolysins, protease, lipase, gelatinase, slime, and biofilm production, presence of virulence genes (lukS/F-PV, eta, etb, tsst, icaA, and icaD), methicillin resistance, and antimicrobial resistance were investigated. Most isolates (52%) were Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, but 20% and 8% belonged to Staphylococcusxylosus and Staphylococcus chromogenes, respectively. Gelatinase, biofilm, and slime production were very common characters among the investigated strains with 80%, 86%, and 76% positive isolates, respectively. Virulence genes were detected in a very small number of the tested strains. A percentage of 14% of isolates were mecA-positive and phenotypically-resistant to methicillin. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 76% of tested staphylococci; in particular, high levels of resistance were detected for ampicillin, amoxicillin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. In conclusion, although staphylococci are considered to be opportunistic bacteria, the obtained data showed that dogs may be infected by Staphylococcus strains with important virulence characteristics and a high antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gómez-Beltrán DA, Villar D, López-Osorio S, Ferguson D, Monsalve LK, Chaparro-Gutiérrez JJ. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Isolates from Dogs and Cats in a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Colombia from 2016-2019. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040173. [PMID: 33182667 PMCID: PMC7712406 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility to antimicrobials of bacterial isolates from dogs (n = 1256) and cats (n = 94) was retrospectively evaluated in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory over a 4-year period (2016–2019). Out of 1316 isolates in dogs, 771 were Staphylococcus spp. distributed as follows: Staph. pseudointermedius (n = 406), Staph. intermedius (n = 160), Staph. aureus (n = 104), and Staph. coagulase-negative (n = 101). In common, all Staphylococcus spp. showed a high prevalence (20–50%) of resistance to ampicillin, cephalosporin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfonamide, but a low prevalence (1–10%) of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate. With regards to the other families of bacteria, the number of antimicrobials for which resistance was high (>20%) in dogs was: Enterobacteriaceae (7/12), Enterococcus spp. (10/16), E. coli (11/15), Pseudomonas spp. (10/13), and Streptococcus spp. (4/9). For urinary tract infections caused by E. coli or Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.), amikacin and florfenicol were the only drugs that demonstrated 100% in vitro efficacy. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 18.7% (246/1316) and 22% (21/97) of the isolates from dogs and cats, respectively. Except for Pseudomonas spp., known for intrinsic resistance, resistance in other bacteria was likely attributed to high selection pressure. In conclusion, empirical antimicrobial use cannot be recommended to treat most common infections, and selection should be based on results from susceptibility testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Gómez-Beltrán
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (D.A.G.-B.); (S.L.-O.); (L.K.M.); (J.J.C.-G.)
| | - David Villar
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (D.A.G.-B.); (S.L.-O.); (L.K.M.); (J.J.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-317-804-7381
| | - Sara López-Osorio
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (D.A.G.-B.); (S.L.-O.); (L.K.M.); (J.J.C.-G.)
| | - Duncan Ferguson
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Laura K. Monsalve
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (D.A.G.-B.); (S.L.-O.); (L.K.M.); (J.J.C.-G.)
| | - Jenny J. Chaparro-Gutiérrez
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (D.A.G.-B.); (S.L.-O.); (L.K.M.); (J.J.C.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nguyen MTT, Ahern NR, Train MK. Staphylococcus schleiferi diabetic foot osteomyelitis and bacteraemia in an immunocompromised host. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/11/e238302. [PMID: 33148559 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus schleiferi is a Gram-positive coccus bacterium first discovered in 1988 that is typically associated with skin and ear infections in dogs, cats and birds. It is infrequently described as a human pathogen. There are, however, emerging reports of S. schleiferi infections in diverse clinical scenarios in humans, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems. S. schleiferi may be underrecognised due to limitations in routine microbiology diagnostic protocols and mislabelling as other Staphylococcus sp. We present a rare case of S. schleiferi diabetic foot osteomyelitis with subsequent bacteraemia in an immunocompromised host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Thu Thi Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas R Ahern
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Meghan K Train
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee GY, Yang SJ. Complete genome sequence of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus schleiferi strain from canine otitis externa in Korea. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e11. [PMID: 31940690 PMCID: PMC7000899 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in canine skin and soft tissue infections, such as pyoderma and otitis, caused by Staphylococcus schleiferi strains, is of significant zoonotic concern. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence for a methicillin-resistant clinical isolate of S. schleiferi (MRSS) designated as SS4, obtained from a dog with otitis externa, in Korea. The genome of SS4 strain was of 2,539,409 bp and presented high G+C content ratio (35.90%) with no plasmid. Comparative analysis of SS4 genome revealed that it is closely related to 2142-05 and 5909-02 strains isolated from the canine skin infections in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Yong Lee
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yang
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nasaj M, Saeidi Z, Asghari B, Roshanaei G, Arabestani MR. Identification of hemolysin encoding genes and their association with antimicrobial resistance pattern among clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococci. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:68. [PMID: 32041651 PMCID: PMC7011549 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are as considered opportunistic pathogens which capable of producing several toxins, enzymes and resistance genes. The current study aimed to determine the occurrence of different hemolysins genes and patterns of antibiotic resistance among CoNS species. RESULTS The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance was observed against cefoxitin in 49 isolates (53.8%), and the lowest resistance was against novobiocin in 5 isolates (5.5%). None of the isolates was resistant to vancomycin. The prevalence of hla, hla_yidD, hld, and hlb genes was: 87.9%, 62.6%, 56%, and 47.3%, respectively. The hla/yidD and hld genes were detected in 69.4% of S. epidermidis and the hla gene in 94.6% of S. haemolyticus isolates; the hlb gene was detected in 53.1% of the S. epidermidis isolates. The mecA gene was identified in 50 (55%) of the CoNS isolates. In conclusion, the results of statistical analysis showed that the hld gene had a significant association with resistance to levofloxacin and erythromycin antibiotics, the hlb with clindamycin resistance and the hla/yidD with rifampicin and novobiocin resistance. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between hemolysin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance patterns; therefore, detection of virulence factors associated with antibiotic resistance has become a significant issue of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nasaj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Park Mardome, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | - Zahra Saeidi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Park Mardome, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | - Babak Asghari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Park Mardome, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Roshanaei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Park Mardome, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Park Mardome, Hamadan, IR, Iran. .,Nutrition Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Park Mardome, Hamadan, IR, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Comparative assessment of genotypic and phenotypic correlates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains isolated from dogs with otitis externa and healthy dogs. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 70:101376. [PMID: 31703937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is considered a primary pathogen of canine skin and soft tissue infections, and the rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius worldwide is a major issue. In the current study, genotypic and phenotypic correlates associated with S. pseudintermedius causing canine otitis externa were evaluated using 41 S. pseudintermedius strains isolated from dogs with otitis externa (n = 26) and healthy dogs (n = 15). The S. pseudintermedius strains were subjected to a comparative analysis of (i) genotypes (multilocus sequence typing, agr, and spa types), (ii) methicillin resistance and SCCmec types, (iii) multidrug resistance (MDR), (iv) biofilm formation, and (v) susceptibility to canine cathelicidin (K9CATH). A high degree of genetic diversity was observed in both groups of S. pseudintermedius strains, regardless of methicillin resistance. Almost all methicillin-resistant strains (>95%) harbored SCCmec V and displayed MDR. Although there was no difference in biofilm formation, S. pseudintermedius strains derived from otitis externa exhibited enhanced resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptide (K9CATH) compared with strains from healthy dogs. The high degree of heterogeneity in MLST, agr, and spa types prevented the identification of correlations between any specific genotype and virulence phenotype in otitis externa caused by S. pseudintermedius, These findings provide an important basis for monitoring and treating canine skin and soft tissue infections in Korea.
Collapse
|