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Harris MA, Savas P, Virassamy B, O'Malley MMR, Kay J, Mueller SN, Mackay LK, Salgado R, Loi S. Towards targeting the breast cancer immune microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:554-577. [PMID: 38969810 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The tumour immune microenvironment is shaped by the crosstalk between cancer cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and other stromal components. Although the immune tumour microenvironment (TME) serves as a source of therapeutic targets, it is also considered a friend or foe to tumour-directed therapies. This is readily illustrated by the importance of T cells in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), culminating in the advent of immune checkpoint therapy in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy as standard of care for both early and advanced-stage TNBC, as well as recent promising signs of efficacy in a subset of hormone receptor-positive disease. In this Review, we discuss the various components of the immune TME in breast cancer and therapies that target or impact the immune TME, as well as the complexity of host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Harris
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Savas
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Balaji Virassamy
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan M R O'Malley
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasmine Kay
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, ZAS Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sherene Loi
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Wahab MRA, Palaniyandi T, Thamada S, Viswanathan S, Baskar G, Surendran H, Baraneedharan P, Kannan J, Ravi M, Rajinikanth S, El-Tayeb MA, Syed S. Assessment of genome mutation analysis for tumor-informed detection of circulating tumor DNA in patients with breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119818. [PMID: 38879066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer, one of the most aggressive types of cancer, poses significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Emerging as a promising biomarker, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be used to identify and monitor disease risk. This study sought to examine the impact of mutations in various genes on the progression of breast cancer. Genetic variants associated with breast cancer have been examined in individuals diagnosed with the disease worldwide. METHODS Fifty female participants underwent breast cancer testing. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze peripheral blood DNA from these individuals to detect disease-causing mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, TP53, and ATM genes. Genetic alterations linked to breast cancer were screened and the findings were compared with those of tumor genes. RESULTS The development of hereditary/early onset breast cancer in this study was significantly associated with mutations in ATM, PTEN, TP53, and BRCA1/BRCA2, according to the analysis of sequencing data. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing ctDNA in patients with breast cancer (BC) undergoing palliative treatment using an SS-based technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai-602105, India.
| | - Swarnakala Thamada
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Zoological Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair 744 102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Sandhiya Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India
| | - Hemapreethi Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India
| | - P Baraneedharan
- Centre for Photonics and Nanotechnology Research, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, India
| | - J Kannan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Madras Medical College, R. G. G. G. H., Chennai-600003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai- 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suba Rajinikanth
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Chennai-600095, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed A El-Tayeb
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaban Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yu Z, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wu X, Fan X, Pang J, Bao H, Yin J, Wu X, Shao Y, Liu Z, Liu F. Identification of pathogenic germline variants in a large Chinese lung cancer cohort by clinical sequencing. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1301-1315. [PMID: 37885353 PMCID: PMC11076998 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play significant roles in the tumorigenicity of lung cancer; however, there is lack of systematic and large-scale characterization of pathogenic germline variants for lung cancer. In this study, germline variants in 146 preselected cancer-susceptibility genes were detected in 17 904 Chinese lung cancer patients by clinical next-generation sequencing. Among 17 904 patients, 1738 patients (9.7%) carried 1840 pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants from 87 cancer-susceptibility genes. SBDS (SBDS ribosome maturation factor) (1.37%), TSHR (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor) (1.20%), BLM (BLM RecQ like helicase) (0.62%), BRCA2 (BRCA2 DNA repair associated) (0.62%), and ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase) (0.45%) were the top five genes with the highest overall prevalence. The top mutated pathways were all involved in DNA damage repair (DDR). Case-control analysis showed SBDS c.184A>T(p.K62*), TSHR c.1574T>C(p.F525S), BRIP1 (BRCA1 interacting helicase 1) c.1018C>T(p.L340F), and MUTYH (mutY DNA glycosylase) c.55C>T(p.R19*) were significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk (q value < 0.05). P/LP variants in certain genes were associated with early onset of lung cancer. Our study indicates that Chinese lung cancer patients have a higher prevalence of P/LP variants than previously reported. P/LP variants are distributed in multiple pathways and dominated by DNA damage repair-associated pathways. The association between identified P/LP variants and lung cancer risk requires further studies for verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yu
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNingbo NO.2 HospitalChina
| | - Zirui Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of MedicineChina
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of ChemotherapyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityChina
| | | | | | | | - Hua Bao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.China
| | - Jiani Yin
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.China
| | - Xue Wu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.China
| | - Yang Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.China
- School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Zhengcheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of MedicineChina
| | - Fang Liu
- Senior Department of OncologyThe Fifth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Kansuttiviwat C, Lertwilaiwittaya P, Roothumnong E, Nakthong P, Dungort P, Meesamarnpong C, Tansa-Nga W, Pongsuktavorn K, Wiboonthanasarn S, Tititumjariya W, Phuphuripan N, Lertbussarakam C, Wattanarangsan J, Sritun J, Punuch K, Kammarabutr J, Mutirangura P, Thongnoppakhun W, Limwongse C, Pithukpakorn M. Germline mutations of 4567 patients with hereditary breast-ovarian cancer spectrum in Thailand. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38355628 PMCID: PMC10866978 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-gene panel testing has led to the detection of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in many cancer susceptibility genes in patients with breast-ovarian cancer spectrum. However, the clinical and genomic data of Asian populations, including Thai cancer patients, was underrepresented, and the clinical significance of multi-gene panel testing in Thailand remains undetermined. In this study, we collected the clinical and genetic data from 4567 Thai patients with cancer in the hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) spectrum who underwent multi-gene panel testing. Six hundred and ten individuals (13.4%) had germline P/LP variants. Detection rates of germline P/LP variants in breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer were 11.8%, 19.8%, 14.0%, and 7.1%, respectively. Non-BRCA gene mutations accounted for 35% of patients with germline P/LP variants. ATM was the most common non-BRCA gene mutation. Four hundred and thirty-two breast cancer patients with germline P/LP variants (80.4%) met the current NCCN genetic testing criteria. The most common indication was early-onset breast cancer. Ten patients harbored double pathogenic variants in this cohort. Our result showed that a significant proportion of non-BRCA P/LP variants were identified in patients with HBOC-related cancers. These findings support the benefit of multi-gene panel testing for inherited cancer susceptibility among Thai HBOC patients. Some modifications of the testing policy may be appropriate for implementation in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalermkiat Kansuttiviwat
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongtawat Lertwilaiwittaya
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ekkapong Roothumnong
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panee Nakthong
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerawat Dungort
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutima Meesamarnpong
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warisara Tansa-Nga
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khontawan Pongsuktavorn
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supakit Wiboonthanasarn
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warunya Tititumjariya
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nannipa Phuphuripan
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jantanee Wattanarangsan
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Sritun
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittiporn Punuch
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirayu Kammarabutr
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornthira Mutirangura
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wanna Thongnoppakhun
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanin Limwongse
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manop Pithukpakorn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Lee H, Cho YA, Kim DG, Cho EY. Next-Generation Sequencing in Breast Cancer Patients: Real-World Data for Precision Medicine. Cancer Res Treat 2024; 56:149-161. [PMID: 37591784 PMCID: PMC10789952 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2023.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in females. Numerous drug-targetable biomarkers and predictive biomarkers have been developed. Some researchers have expressed doubts about the need for next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies in daily practice. This study analyzed the results of NGS studies on breast cancer at a single institute and evaluated the real-world applications of NGS data to precision medicine for breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected the results of NGS studies and analyzed the histopathologic features and genetic profiles of patients treated for breast cancer from 2010 to 2021. Seventy cases had data from CancerSCAN, a customized panel of 375 cancer-associated genes, and 110 cases had data from TruSight Oncology 500. RESULTS The most frequently detected single nucleotide variant was the TP53 mutation (123/180, 68.3%), followed by PIK3CA mutations (51/180, 28.3%). Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mutation was detected in 11 patients (6.1%), of whom 10 had hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer, and two had no history of prior endocrine therapy. Based on their NGS study results, 13 patients (7.2%) received target therapy. Among them, four patients had a BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation, and nine patients had a PIK3CA mutation. CONCLUSION NGS can provide information about predictive biomarkers and drug-targetable biomarkers that can enable treatment and participation in clinical trials based on precision medicine. Further studies should be conducted to excavate novel drug-targetable biomarkers and develop additional target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Yoon Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Isiklar AD, Aliyeva L, Yesilyurt A, Soyder A, Basaran G. Frequency of germline pathogenic variants in breast cancer predisposition genes among young Turkish breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:297-304. [PMID: 37615792 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the most important risk factors for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is young age. We aim to report the frequency of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in breast cancer predisposing genes in young (≤ 40 years old) breast cancer patients who undergone 26-gene inherited cancer panel at our Breast Health Center. METHODS Medical records of breast cancer patients who were referred to genetic counseling based on NCCN criteria and were ≤ 40 years of age are reviewed. The frequency of germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants who undergone 26-gene inherited cancer panel was analyzed. RESULTS Among 414 breast cancer patients who were ≤ 40 years of age, 308 undergone 26-gene inherited cancer panel and 108 had next generation sequencing (NGS)-based BRCA 1 and 2 genetic testing. Median age was 35 (22-40), Family history in first degree relatives was present in 14% of patients. Forty-five percent of patients met one of the NCCN criteria for genetic testing, 41% of them met two criteria, and 14% of patients fulfilled ≥ 3 criteria. Seventy pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) were found in 65 (21%) patients. PV/LPs in BRCA genes and non-BRCA genes represented 53% and 44% of all PV/LPVs, accounting for 12% and 10% of patients in the study cohort respectively. Two PVs were present in 5 patients and eleven PVs were novel. The most common PVs were in BRCA 1 (n:18), BRCA 2 (n:19), ATM (n:7), CHEK2 (n:7) and TP53 (n:5) genes. Thirty-one percent of the patients with triple-negative tumors and 25% of the patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors had PV/LPVs with panel testing. Family history in first degree relatives (p = 0.029), the number of met NCCN criteria (p = 0.036) and axillary nodal involvement (p = 0.000) were more common in patients with PVs. When combined with patient group (n:106) who had only BRCA1 and 2 gene testing, 16% of Turkish breast cancer patients ≤ 40 years of age had PVs in BRCA genes. CONCLUSION One fifth of Turkish breast cancer patients ≤ 40 years of age had at least one PV/LPV in breast cancer predisposing genes with 26-gene inherited cancer panel. The frequency of PV/LPVs was higher in triple-negative young-onset patients compared to hormone receptor and Her-2 positive subtypes. Our findings regarding to frequency PV/LPVs in BRCA 1/2 and non-BRCA genes in young-onset breast cancer patients are in line with the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Dauti Isiklar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Acibadem Altunizade Hospital, Altunizade District, Yurtcan St. No: 1, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Lamiya Aliyeva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Halkali Merkez, Turgut Ozal Bulvari No: 16, 34303, Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yesilyurt
- Acibadem Labgen Genetic Diagnosis Center, İçerenköy Kerem Aydınlar Campus, Kayışdağı Cd. No: 32, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aykut Soyder
- Department of General Surgery, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Altunizade District, Yurtcan St. No: 1, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Basaran
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Altunizade District, Yurtcan St. No: 1, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Al-Kafaji G, Jassim G, AlHajeri A, Alawadhi AMT, Fida M, Sahin I, Alali F, Fadel E. Investigation of germline variants in Bahraini women with breast cancer using next-generation sequencing based-multigene panel. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291015. [PMID: 37656691 PMCID: PMC10473515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genes are the most common cause of hereditary breast cancer. However, a significant number of cases are not linked to these two genes and additional high-, moderate- and low-penetrance genes have been identified in breast cancer. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) allowed simultaneous sequencing of multiple cancer-susceptibility genes and prompted research in this field. So far, cancer-predisposition genes other than BRCA1/2 have not been studied in the population of Bahrain. We performed a targeted NGS using a multi-panel covering 180 genes associated with cancer predisposition to investigate the spectrum and frequency of germline variants in 54 women with a positive personal and/or family history of breast cancer. Sequencing analysis revealed germline variants in 29 (53.7%) patients. Five pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in four DNA repair pathway-related genes were identified in five unrelated patients (9.3%). Two BRCA1 variants, namely the missense variant c.287A>G (p.Asp96Gly) and the truncating variant c.1066C>T (p.Gln356Ter), were detected in two patients (3.7%). Three variants in non-BRCA1/2 genes were detected in three patients (1.85% each) with a strong family history of breast cancer. These included a monoallelic missense variant c.1187G>A (p.Gly396Asp) in MUTYH gene, and two truncating variants namely c.3343C>T (p.Arg1115Ter) in MLH3 gene and c.1826G>A (p.Trp609Ter) in PMS1 gene. Other variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were also detected, and some of them were found together with the deleterious variants. In this first application of NGS-based multigene testing in Bahraini women with breast cancer, we show that multigene testing can yield additional genomic information on low-penetrance genes, although the clinical significance of these genes has not been fully appreciated yet. Our findings also provide valuable epidemiological information for future studies and highlight the importance of genetic testing, and an NGS-based multigene analysis may be applied supplementary to traditional genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ghufran Jassim
- Department of Family Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Bahrain, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Amani AlHajeri
- Department of Genetics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Mariam Fida
- Bahrain Oncology Center, King Hamad University Hospital, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ibrahim Sahin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Faisal Alali
- North western Hospital, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elias Fadel
- Bahrain Oncology Center, King Hamad University Hospital, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Li B, Xu W, Cao J, Guo D, Tao Z, Jin J, Hu X. A study of clinical and molecular characteristics in bilateral primary breast cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15881-15892. [PMID: 37293877 PMCID: PMC10469734 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral primary breast cancer (BPBC) is a rare type of breast cancer. Studies on the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of BPBC in a metastatic context are very limited. METHODS A total of 574 unselected metastatic breast cancer patients with clinical information were enrolled in our next-generation sequencing (NGS) database. Patients with BPBC from our NGS database were regarded as the study cohort. In addition, 1467 patients with BPBC and 2874 patients with unilateral breast cancer (UBC) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) public database were also analyzed to determine the characteristics of BPBC. RESULTS Among the 574 patients enrolled in our NGS database, 20 (3.5%) patients had bilateral disease, comprising 15 (75%) patients with synchronous bilateral disease and 5 (25%) patients with metachronous bilateral disease. Eight patients had bilateral hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER2-) tumors, and three had unilateral HR+/HER2- tumors. More HR+/HER2- tumors and lobular components were found in BPBC patients than in UBC patients. The molecular subtype of the metastatic lesions in three patients was inconsistent with either side of the primary lesions, which suggested the importance of rebiopsy. Strong correlations in clinicopathologic features between the left and right tumors in BPBC were exhibited in the SEER database. In our NGS database, only one BPBC patient was found with a pathogenic germline mutation in BRCA2. The top mutated somatic genes in BPBC patients were similar to those in UBC patients, including TP53 (58.8% in BPBC and 60.6% in UBC) and PI3KCA (47.1% in BPBC and 35.9% in UBC). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that BPBC may tend to be lobular carcinoma and have the HR+/HER2- subtype. Although our study did not find specific germline and somatic mutations in BPBC, more research is needed for verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Hepatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Jianing Cao
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Duancheng Guo
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Zhonghua Tao
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Enko D, Schaflinger E, Müller DJ. [Clinical Application Examples of a Next-Generation Sequencing based Multi-Genepanel Analysis]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2023; 148:695-702. [PMID: 37216946 DOI: 10.1055/a-2033-5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of clinically useful applications of a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based multi-gene panel testing strategy in the areas of oncology, hereditary tumor syndromes, and hematology. In the case of solid tumors (e.g. lung carcinoma, colon-rectal carcinoma), the detection of somatic mutations contributes not only to a better diagnostic but also therapeutic stratification of those affected. The increasing genetic complexity of hereditary tumor syndromes (e.g. breast and ovarian carcinoma, lynch syndrome/polyposis) requires a multi-gene panel analysis of germline mutations in affected families. Another useful indication for a multi-gene panel diagnostics and prognosis assessment are acute and chronic myeloid diseases. The criteria of the WHO-classification and the European LeukemiaNet-prognosis system for acute myeloid leukemia can only be met by a multi-gene panel test strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Enko
- Medizinische Universität Graz Klinisches Institut für Medizinische und Chemische Labordiagnostik, Graz, Austria
| | - Erich Schaflinger
- Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische Universität Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Klinisches Institut für Pharmakogenetische Wissenschaft, Cambell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Zentrum für Suchtkrankheit und psychische Gesundheit, College Street 250, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Toronto, Kanada
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Mustafa Karim A, Eun Kwon J, Ali T, Jang J, Ullah I, Lee YG, Won Park D, Park J, Woo Jeang J, Chan Kang S. Triple-negative breast cancer: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and modern vaccine-based treatment strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115545. [PMID: 37044296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-standing scarcity of efficacious treatments and tumor heterogeneity have contributed to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype with a poor prognosis and aggressive behavior that accounts for 10-15% of all new cases of breast cancer. TNBC is characterized by the absence of progesterone and estrogen receptor expression and lacks gene amplification or overexpression of HER2. Genomic sequencing has detected that the unique mutational profile of both the somatic and germline modifications in TNBC is staggeringly dissimilar from other breast tumor subtypes. The clinical utility of sequencing germline BRCA1/2 genes has been well established in TNBC. Nevertheless, reports regarding the penetrance and risk of other susceptibility genes are relatively scarce. Recurring mutations (e.g., TP53 and PI3KCA mutations) occur together with rare mutations in TNBC, and the shared effects of genomic modifications drive its progression. Given the heterogeneity and complexity of this disease, a clinical understanding of the genomic modifications in TNBC can pave an innovative way toward its therapy. In this review, we summarized the most recent discoveries associated with the underlying biology of developmental signaling pathways in TNBC. We also summarize the recent advancements in genetics and epidemiology and discuss state-of-the-art vaccine-based therapeutic strategies for TNBC that will enable tailored therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Mustafa Karim
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanveer Ali
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Jinsoo Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Juha Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jeang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Anaclerio F, Pilenzi L, Dell’Elice A, Ferrante R, Grossi S, Ferlito LM, Marinelli C, Gildetti S, Calabrese G, Stuppia L, Antonucci I. Clinical usefulness of NGS multi-gene panel testing in hereditary cancer analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1060504. [PMID: 37065479 PMCID: PMC10104445 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A considerable number of families with pedigrees suggestive of a Mendelian form of Breast Cancer (BC), Ovarian Cancer (OC), or Pancreatic Cancer (PC) do not show detectable BRCA1/2 mutations after genetic testing. The use of multi-gene hereditary cancer panels increases the possibility to identify individuals with cancer predisposing gene variants. Our study was aimed to evaluate the increase in the detection rate of pathogenic mutations in BC, OC, and PC patients when using a multi-gene panel.Methods: 546 patients affected by BC (423), PC (64), or OC (59) entered the study from January 2020 to December 2021. For BC patients, inclusion criteria were i) positive cancer family background, ii) early onset, and iii) triple negative BC. PC patients were enrolled when affected by metastatic cancer, while OC patients were all submitted to genetic testing without selection. The patients were tested using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel containing 25 genes in addition to BRCA1/2.Results: Forty-four out of 546 patients (8%) carried germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) on BRCA1/2 genes, and 46 (8%) presented PV or LPV in other susceptibility genes.Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the utility of expanded panel testing in patients with suspected hereditary cancer syndromes, since this approach increased the mutation detection rate of 15% in PC, 8% in BC and 5% in OC cases. In absence of multi-gene panel analysis, a considerable percentage of mutations would have been lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Anaclerio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Pilenzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anastasia Dell’Elice
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Ferrante
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rossella Ferrante,
| | - Simona Grossi
- Eusoma Breast Centre, “G. Bernabeo” Hospital, Ortona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Calabrese
- UOSD Genetica Oncoematologica, Dipartimento di Oncologico-Ematologico, Pescara, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Nassar A, Zekri ARN, Kamel MM, Elberry MH, Lotfy MM, Seadawy MG, Hassan ZK, Soliman HK, Lymona AM, Youssef ASED. Frequency of Pathogenic Germline Mutations in Early and Late Onset Familial Breast Cancer Patients Using Multi-Gene Panel Sequencing: An Egyptian Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:106. [PMID: 36672847 PMCID: PMC9858960 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision oncology has been increasingly used in clinical practice and rapidly evolving in the oncology field. Thus, this study was performed to assess the frequency of germline mutations in early and late onset familial breast cancer (BC) Egyptian patients using multi-gene panel sequencing to better understand the contribution of the inherited germline mutations in BC predisposition. Moreover, to determine the actionable deleterious mutations associated with familial BC that might be used as biomarker for early cancer detection. METHODS Whole blood samples were collected from 101 Egyptian patients selected for BC family history, in addition to 50 age-matched healthy controls. A QIAseq targeted DNA panel (human BC panel) was used to assess the frequency of germline mutations. RESULTS A total of 58 patients (57.4%) out of 101 were found to have 27 deleterious germline mutations in 11 cancer susceptibility genes. Of them, 32 (31.6%) patients carried more than one pathogenic mutation and each one carried at least one pathogenic mutation. The major genes harboring the pathogenic mutations were: ATM, BRCA2, BRCA1, VHL, MSH6, APC, CHEK2, MSH2, MEN1, PALB2, and MUTYH. Thirty-one patients (30.6%) had BRCA2 mutations and twenty (19.8%) had BRCA1 mutations. Our results showed that exon 10 and exon 11 harbored 3 and 5 mutations, respectively, in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Our analysis also revealed that the VHL gene significantly co-occurred with each of the BRCA2 gene (p = 0.003, event ratio 11/21), the MSH2 gene (p = 0.01, 4/10), the CHEK2 gene (p = 0.02, 4/11), and the MSH6 gene (p = 0.04, 4/12). In addition, the APC gene significantly co-occurred with the MSH2 gene (p = 0.01, 3/7). Furthermore, there was a significant mutually exclusive event between the APC gene and the ATM gene (p = 0.04, 1/36). Interestingly, we identified population specific germline mutations in genes showing potentials for targeted therapy to meet the need for incorporating precision oncology into clinical practice. For example, the mutations identified in the ATM, APC, and MSH2 genes. CONCLUSIONS Multi-gene panel sequencing was used to detect the deleterious mutations associated with familial BC, which in turns mitigate the essential need for implementing next generation sequencing technologies in precision oncology to identify cancer predisposing genes. Moreover, identifying DNA repair gene mutations, with focus on non-BRCA genes, might serve as candidates for targeted therapy and will be increasingly used in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auhood Nassar
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
- Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza 3546211, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H. Elberry
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Mai M. Lotfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G. Seadawy
- Biological Prevention Department, Chemical Warfare, 4.5 km Suez-Cairo Rd, Almaza, Cairo 11351, Egypt
| | - Zeinab K. Hassan
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Hany K. Soliman
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Lymona
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Amira Salah El-Din Youssef
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
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13
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Panigoro SS, Paramita RI, Siswiandari KM, Fadilah F. Targeted Sequencing of Germline Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes for Discovering Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic Variants in the Jakarta Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092241. [PMID: 36140642 PMCID: PMC9498046 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline predisposition plays an important role in breast cancer. Different ethnic populations need respective studies on cancer risks pertinent to germline variants. We aimed to discover the pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (P/LP-Vs) of germline breast cancer susceptibility genes and to evaluate their correlation with the clinical characteristics in Jakarta populations. The pure DNA was extracted from the blood buffy coat, using reagents from the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit® (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The DNA libraries were prepared using the TargetRich™ Hereditary Cancer Panel (Kailos Genetics®, Huntsville, AL, USA). The barcoded DNA libraries were sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. In-house bioinformatics pipelines were used to analyze the gene variants. We identified 35 pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP-Vs) variants (28 frameshift, 5 nonsense, and 2 splice-site variants). The P/LP-Vs group was statistically significantly different in luminal B status (p < 0.05) compared with the non-P/LP-Vs group. The P/LP-Vs found both in BRCA1/2 genes and non-BRCA genes may increase the risk of breast cancer and alter drug responses. The screening of multigene variants is suggested, rather than BRCA testing only. Prior knowledge of the germline variants status is important for optimal breast cancer diagnosis and optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonar Soni Panigoro
- Surgical Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (R.I.P.)
| | - Rafika Indah Paramita
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Bioinformatics Core Facilities—IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (R.I.P.)
| | - Kristina Maria Siswiandari
- Surgical Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fadilah Fadilah
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Bioinformatics Core Facilities—IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
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Nunziato M, Di Maggio F, Pensabene M, Esposito MV, Starnone F, De Angelis C, Calabrese A, D’Aiuto M, Botti G, De Placido S, D’Argenio V, Salvatore F. Multi-gene panel testing increases germline predisposing mutations’ detection in a cohort of breast/ovarian cancer patients from Southern Italy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:894358. [PMID: 36035419 PMCID: PMC9403188 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.894358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common neoplasia in females worldwide, about 10% being hereditary/familial and due to DNA variants in cancer-predisposing genes, such as the highly penetrant BRCA1/BRCA2 genes. However, their variants explain up to 25% of the suspected hereditary/familial cases. The availability of NGS methodologies has prompted research in this field. With the aim to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of molecular testing, a custom designed panel of 44 genes, including also non-coding regions and 5’ and 3’ UTR regions, was set up. Here, are reported the results obtained in a cohort of 64 patients, including also few males, from Southern Italy. All patients had a positive personal and/or familial history for breast and other cancers, but tested negative to routine BRCA analysis. After obtaining their written informed consent, a genomic DNA sample/patient was used to obtain an enriched DNA library, then analyzed by NGS. Sequencing data analysis allowed the identification of pathogenic variants in 12 of tested patients (19%). Interestingly, MUTYH was the most frequently altered gene, followed by RNASEL, ATM, MSH6, MRE11A, and PALB2 genes. The reported resultsreinforce the need for enlarged molecular testing beyond BRCA genes, at least in patients with a personal and familial history, strongly suggestive for a hereditary/familial form. This gives also a hint to pursue more specific precision oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nunziato
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Di Maggio
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Pensabene
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Esposito
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavio Starnone
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Regional Reference Center for Rare Tumors, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Calabrese
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Breast Disease, National Cancer Institute, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “Fondazione G. Pascale,”Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D’Aiuto
- Clinica Villa Fiorita, Aversa, Italy
- Division of Breast Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “Fondazione G. Pascale,”Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Directorate, National Cancer Institute, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “Fondazione G. Pascale,”Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Regional Reference Center for Rare Tumors, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria D’Argenio
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Valeria D’Argenio,
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Francesco Salvatore,
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Secondino A, Starnone F, Veneruso I, Di Tella MA, Conato S, De Angelis C, De Placido S, D’Argenio V. Evaluation of a Four-Gene Panel for Hereditary Cancer Risk Assessment. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040682. [PMID: 35456488 PMCID: PMC9024623 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1/2 are tumor suppressor genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair. They are the most penetrant genes for hereditary breast and ovarian cancers, but pathogenic variants in these two genes can be identified only in a fraction of hereditary cases. Following the diffusion of BRCA molecular testing and the availability of specific therapeutic strategies for the management of pathogenic variant carriers, the demand for the analysis of additional predisposing genetic factors has increased. Indeed, there is accumulating evidence regarding the role of other genes, including CHEK2 and PALB2. Both of them are involved in the same molecular pathway as BRCA genes, with CHEK2 being responsible for cell cycle stopping to allow the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and PALB2 being able to interact with BRCA1 and activate BRCA2. Thus, their role as additional hereditary cancer predisposing factors is intriguing. Accordingly, guidelines for hereditary cancer risk assessment have been updated to include the criteria for additional genes testing. In this context, we validated a commercially available kit allowing for the simultaneous analysis of BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and PALB2. Forty-eight patients, already tested for BRCA mutational status, were re-analyzed in the present study. Results comparison showed that the tested method was able to correctly identify all the variants previously detected in the same patients. In particular, all single-nucleotide variants and small indels were correctly identified. Moreover, two copy number variants, included to assess the software’s performance in detecting this kind of gene alteration, were also detected. Even if copy number variant estimation still requires confirmation by a molecular technique to avoid false positive results, it is able to reduce the number of patients requiring multiplex ligation probe amplification analysis, positively impacting the test’s turnaround time. Finally, since the time and costs of the analysis are similar to those required just for BRCA genes, this strategy may be affordable for providing a more comprehensive test for hereditary cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Secondino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (I.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (F.S.); (M.A.D.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Flavio Starnone
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (F.S.); (M.A.D.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Iolanda Veneruso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (I.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (F.S.); (M.A.D.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Tella
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (F.S.); (M.A.D.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Serena Conato
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (F.S.); (M.A.D.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.D.A.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.D.A.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Valeria D’Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (F.S.); (M.A.D.T.); (S.C.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Barbalho D, Sandoval R, Santos E, Pisani J, Quirino C, Garicochea B, Rossi B, Achatz MI. Novel Insights From the Germline Landscape of Breast Cancer in Brazil. Front Oncol 2022; 11:743231. [PMID: 35155181 PMCID: PMC8831886 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer patients with germline pathogenic variants may benefit from risk-reducing surgeries, intensive screening, and targeted cancer therapies. There is a paucity of data regarding prevalence and distribution of germline pathogenic variants in the Brazilian population. Our primary endpoint was the description of prevalence and distribution of germline pathogenic variants among breast cancer patients who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel testing. Secondary endpoint was the assessment of predictive factors of a positive test. Methods We analyzed NGS results, personal, and family history data from a prospectively collected cohort of breast cancer patients from August 2013 to May 2019. Exact logistic regression was used to perform multivariable analysis. Results Of 370 breast cancer patients, we found 59 pathogenic variants in 57 (15%) patients. Pathogenic variants were identified in BRCA1 (24%), ATM (14%), BRCA2 (10%), TP53 (8%), PALB2 (8%), CHEK2 (7%), CDH1 (3%), RAD51C (3%), MITF (2%), PMS2 (2%), RAD51D (2%), and TERT (2%). Monoallelic MUTYH pathogenic variants were found in 15%. After multivariable analysis, age of diagnosis (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.95, for each year increase), triple-negative subtype (OR 17.2, 95% CI: 3.74–114.72), and number of breast cancers in the family (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.57–4.03, for each additional case) were associated with BRCA1 pathogenic variants. In the present study, a quarter of triple-negative breast cancer patients harbored a germline pathogenic variant and two-thirds of those were BRCA1 carriers. Conclusions Prevalence and distribution of germline pathogenic variants in this Brazilian sample of breast cancer patients are mostly similar to other populations. However, there is a trend to an overrepresentation of TP53 pathogenic variants that merits confirmation in further studies. Early-onset breast cancer patients should be offered genetic counseling, particularly those with triple-negative subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barbalho
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Sandoval
- Department of Oncogenetics, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Santos
- Department of Oncogenetics, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janina Pisani
- Department of Oncogenetics, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Quirino
- Department of Oncogenetics, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Garicochea
- Department of Oncogenetics, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro Paulista de Oncologia, Oncoclinicas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedito Rossi
- Department of Oncogenetics, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silver EL, Niell-Swiller M. Should all patients undergoing genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer syndromes be offered a multigene panel? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 34:36-40. [PMID: 34967813 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to demonstrate why multigene panel testing (MGPT) is the superior testing option for individuals undergoing hereditary cancer genetic testing. We will outline the clinical benefits and possible limitations of MGPT for individuals at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS The use of MGPT increases the identification of individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes. Recent studies continue to prove that MGPT is a superior option to single gene/or syndrome testing. MGPT is a cost-effective testing approach for those meeting criteria for genetic testing. Individuals interested in MGPT should understand the benefits and limitations of this approach, including an increase in variant identification and possible incidental findings. MGPT also increases the number of individuals who would benefit from cascade testing. SUMMARY MGPT should be considered as the standard approach to hereditary cancer genetic testing as opposed to single gene or single syndrome testing. MGPT identifies a larger proportion of individuals with a hereditary cancer syndrome and leads to better management and improved uptake of cascade testing.
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Increased incidence of pathogenic variants in ATM in the context of testing for breast and ovarian cancer predisposition. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:339-345. [PMID: 35017683 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic Variants (PV) in major cancer predisposition genes are only identified in approximately 10% of patients with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) leads to the characterization of incidental variants in genes other than those known to be associated with HBOC syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine if such incidental PV were specific to a phenotype. The detection rates of HBOC-associated and incidental PV in 1812 patients who underwent genetic testing were compared with rates in control groups FLOSSIES and ExAC. The rates of incidental PV in the PALB2, ATM and CHEK2 genes were significantly increased in the HBOC group compared to controls with, respective odds ratios of 15.2 (95% CI = 5.6-47.6), 9.6 (95% CI = 4.8-19.6) and 2.7 (95% CI = 1.3-5.5). Unsupervised Hierarchical Clustering on Principle Components characterized 3 clusters: by HBOC (P = 0.01); by ExAC and FLOSSIES (P = 0.01 and 0.02 respectively); and by HBOC, ExAC and FLOSSIES (P = 0.01, 0.04 and 0.04 respectively). Interestingly, PALB2 and ATM were grouped in the same statistical cluster defined by the HBOC group, whereas CHEK2 was in a different cluster. We identified co-occurrences of PV in ATM and BRCA genes and confirmed the Manchester Scoring System as a reliable PV predictor tool for BRCA genes but not for ATM or PALB2. This study demonstrates that ATM PV, and to a lesser extent CHEK2 PV, are associated with HBOC syndrome. The co-occurrence of ATM PV with BRCA PV suggests that such ATM variants are not sufficient alone to induce cancer, supporting a multigenism hypothesis.
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19
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Bono M, Fanale D, Incorvaia L, Cancelliere D, Fiorino A, Calò V, Dimino A, Filorizzo C, Corsini LR, Brando C, Madonia G, Cucinella A, Scalia R, Barraco N, Guadagni F, Pedone E, Badalamenti G, Russo A, Bazan V. Impact of deleterious variants in other genes beyond BRCA1/2 detected in breast/ovarian and pancreatic cancer patients by NGS-based multi-gene panel testing: looking over the hedge. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100235. [PMID: 34371384 PMCID: PMC8358413 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary breast cancer (BC), ovarian cancer (OC), and pancreatic cancer (PC) are the major BRCA-associated tumours. However, some BRCA1/2-wild-type (wt) patients with a strong personal and/or family history of cancer need a further genetic testing through a multi-gene panel containing other high- and moderate-risk susceptibility genes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our study was aimed to assess if some BC, OC, or PC patients should be offered multi-gene panel testing, based on well-defined criteria concerning their personal and/or family history of cancer, such as earliness of cancer onset, occurrence of multiple tumours, or presence of at least two or more affected first-degree relatives. For this purpose, 205 out of 915 BC, OC, or PC patients, resulted negative for BRCA1/2 and with significant personal and/or family history of cancer, were genetically tested for germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs/LPVs) in genes different from BRCA1/2. RESULTS Our investigation revealed that 31 (15.1%) out of 205 patients harboured germline PVs/LPVs in no-BRCA genes, including PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, MUTYH, MSH2, and RAD51C. Interestingly, in the absence of an analysis conducted through multi-gene panel, a considerable percentage (15.1%) of PVs/LPVs would have been lost. CONCLUSIONS Providing a multi-gene panel testing to BRCA1/2-wt BC/OC/PC patients with a strong personal and/or family history of cancer could significantly increase the detection rates of germline PVs/LPVs in other cancer predisposition genes beyond BRCA1/2. The use of a multi-gene panel testing could improve the inherited cancer risk estimation and clinical management of patients and unaffected family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bono
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Incorvaia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D Cancelliere
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Fiorino
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V Calò
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Dimino
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Filorizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - L R Corsini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Brando
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Madonia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Cucinella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Scalia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - N Barraco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Guadagni
- BioBIM (Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; Department of Human Sciences & Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - E Pedone
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Badalamenti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - V Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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20
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Bhai P, Levy MA, Rooney K, Carere DA, Reilly J, Kerkhof J, Volodarsky M, Stuart A, Kadour M, Panabaker K, Schenkel LC, Lin H, Ainsworth P, Sadikovic B. Analysis of Sequence and Copy Number Variants in Canadian Patient Cohort With Familial Cancer Syndromes Using a Unique Next Generation Sequencing Based Approach. Front Genet 2021; 12:698595. [PMID: 34326862 PMCID: PMC8314385 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.698595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes account for approximately 10% of cancer cases. Next generation sequencing (NGS) based multi-gene targeted panels is now a frontline approach to identify pathogenic mutations in cancer predisposition genes in high-risk families. Recent evolvement of NGS technologies have allowed simultaneous detection of sequence and copy number variants (CNVs) using a single platform. In this study, we have analyzed frequency and nature of sequence variants and CNVs, in a Canadian cohort of patients, suspected with hereditary cancer syndrome, referred for genetic testing following specific genetic testing guidelines based on patient's personal and/or family history of cancer. Methods A 2870 patients were subjected to a single NGS based multi-gene targeted hereditary cancer panel testing algorithm to identify sequence variants and CNVs in cancer predisposition genes at our reference laboratory in Southwestern Ontario. CNVs identified by NGS were confirmed by alternative techniques like Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Results A 15% (431/2870) patients had a pathogenic variant and 36% (1032/2870) had a variant of unknown significance (VUS), in a cancer susceptibility gene. A total of 287 unique pathogenic variant were identified, out of which 23 (8%) were novel. CNVs identified by NGS based approach accounted for 9.5% (27/287) of pathogenic variants, confirmed by alternate techniques with high accuracy. Conclusion This study emphasizes the utility of NGS based targeted testing approach to identify both sequence and CNVs in patients suspected with hereditary cancer syndromes in clinical setting and expands the mutational spectrum of high and moderate penetrance cancer predisposition genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Bhai
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Levy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen Rooney
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna Alexis Carere
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jack Reilly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Volodarsky
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Stuart
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Kadour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Panabaker
- Medical Genetics Program of Southwestern Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Laila C Schenkel
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hanxin Lin
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Ainsworth
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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21
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Multigene Panel Testing for Hereditary Cancer and Genetic Counseling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33983594 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9620-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
As sequencing technology and information of the genomic causes for cancer development expand, multi-gene panel testing for hereditary cancer is increasing in clinical practice. In this chapter, we reviewed the application of multi-gene panel with pre-/post- testing considerations and summarized genetic counseling based on panel testing results in clinical field. In addition, we introduce multi-gene panel for hereditary cancer developed in Seoul National University Hospital.
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22
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Zhang ZYO, Wu YY, Cai XY, Fang WL, Xiao FL. Molecular Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis by Multigene Panel Testing. Front Genet 2021; 12:603195. [PMID: 33767727 PMCID: PMC7985060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.603195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is an autosomal genetic disorder for which early and definite clinical diagnoses are difficult. To identify the diagnosis, five affected probands with suspected NF from unrelated families were included in this study. Molecular analysis was performed using multigene panel testing and Sanger sequencing. Ultradeep sequencing was used to analyze the mutation rate in the tissues from the proband with mosaic mutations. Three different pathogenic variants of the NF1 gene were found in three probands who mainly complained of café-au-lait macules (CALMs), including one frameshift variant c.5072_5073insTATAACTGTAACTCCTGGGTCAGGGAGTACACCAA:p.Tyr1692Ilefs in exon 37, one missense variant c.3826C > T:p.Arg1276Ter in exon 28, and one splicing variant c.4110 + 1G > T at the first base downstream of the 3′-end of exon 30. One NF1 gene mosaic variant was found in a proband who complained of cutaneous neurofibroma with the frameshift variant c.495_498del:p.Thr165fs in exon 5, and ultradeep sequencing showed the highest mutation rate of 10.81% in cutaneous neurofibromas. A frameshift variant, c.36_39del:p.Ser12fs in exon 1 of the NF2 gene, was found in a proband who presented with skin plaques and intracranial neurogenic tumors. All of these pathogenic variants were heterozygous, one was not reported, and one not in Chinese before. This study expands the pathogenic variant spectrum of NF and demonstrates the clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Yun-Ou Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Ying Cai
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng-Li Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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23
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Sandoval RL, Leite ACR, Barbalho DM, Assad DX, Barroso R, Polidorio N, dos Anjos CH, de Miranda AD, Ferreira ACSDM, Fernandes GDS, Achatz MI. Germline molecular data in hereditary breast cancer in Brazil: Lessons from a large single-center analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247363. [PMID: 33606809 PMCID: PMC7895369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is the largest country in South America and the most genetically heterogeneous. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in Brazilian patients with breast cancer (BC) who underwent genetic counseling and genetic testing at a tertiary Oncology Center. We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of Brazilian patients with BC referred to genetic counseling and genetic testing between August 2017 and August 2019. A total of 224 unrelated patients were included in this study. Premenopausal women represented 68.7% of the cohort. The median age at BC diagnosis was 45 years. Multigene panel testing was performed in 219 patients, five patients performed single gene analysis or family variant testing. Forty-eight germline PVs distributed among 13 genes were detected in 20.5% of the patients (46/224). Eighty-five percent of the patients (91/224) fulfilled NCCN hereditary BC testing criteria. Among these patients, 23.5% harbored PVs (45/191). In the group of patients that did not meet NCCN criteria, PV detection rate was 3% (1/33). A total of 61% of the patients (28/46) harbored a PV in a high-penetrance BC gene: 19 (8.5%) BRCA1/2, 8 (3.5%) TP53, 1 (0.5%) PALB2. Moderate penetrance genes (ATM, CHEK2) represented 15.2% (7/46) of the positive results. PVs detection was statistically associated (p<0.05) with BC diagnosis before age 45, high-grade tumors, bilateral BC, history of multiple primary cancers, and family history of pancreatic cancer. According to the current hereditary cancer guidelines, 17.4% (39/224) of the patients had actionable variants. Nine percent of the patients (20/224) had actionable variants in non-BRCA genes, it represented 43.5% of the positive results and 51.2% of the actionable variants. Considering the observed prevalence of PVs in actionable genes beyond BRCA1/2 (9%, 20/224), multigene panel testing may offer an effective first-tier diagnostic approach in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniele Xavier Assad
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Romualdo Barroso
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Natalia Polidorio
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Isabel Achatz
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Fanale D, Incorvaia L, Filorizzo C, Bono M, Fiorino A, Calò V, Brando C, Corsini LR, Barraco N, Badalamenti G, Russo A, Bazan V. Detection of Germline Mutations in a Cohort of 139 Patients with Bilateral Breast Cancer by Multi-Gene Panel Testing: Impact of Pathogenic Variants in Other Genes beyond BRCA1/2. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2415. [PMID: 32854451 PMCID: PMC7564956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with unilateral breast cancer (UBC) have an increased risk of developing bilateral breast cancer (BBC). The annual risk of contralateral BC is about 0.5%, but increases by up to 3% in BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers. Our study was aimed to evaluate whether all BBC patients should be offered multi-gene panel testing, regardless their cancer family history and age at diagnosis. We retrospectively collected all clinical information of 139 BBC patients genetically tested for germline PVs in different cancer susceptibility genes by NGS-based multi-gene panel testing. Our investigation revealed that 52 (37.4%) out of 139 BBC patients harbored germline PVs in high- and intermediate-penetrance breast cancer (BC) susceptibility genes including BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, RAD51C. Nineteen out of 53 positively tested patients harbored a PV in a known BC susceptibility gene (no-BRCA). Interestingly, in the absence of an analysis performed via multi-gene panel, a significant proportion (14.4%) of PVs would have been lost. Therefore, offering a NGS-based multi-gene panel testing to all BBC patients may significantly increase the detection rates of germline PVs in other cancer susceptibility genes beyond BRCA1/2, avoiding underestimation of the number of individuals affected by a hereditary tumor syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.I.); (V.B.)
| | - Clarissa Filorizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Marco Bono
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Alessia Fiorino
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Valentina Calò
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Chiara Brando
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Lidia Rita Corsini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Badalamenti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.B.); (L.R.C.); (N.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.I.); (V.B.)
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25
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Suszynska M, Kozlowski P. Summary of BARD1 Mutations and Precise Estimation of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risks Associated with the Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070798. [PMID: 32679805 PMCID: PMC7397132 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, numerous BARD1 mutations/pathogenic variants (PVs) have been found in patients with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC). However, their role in BC and OC susceptibility remains controversial, and strong evidence-based guidelines for carriers are not yet available. Herein, we present a comprehensive catalog of BARD1 PVs identified in large cumulative cohorts of ~48,700 BC and ~20,800 OC cases (retrieved from 123 studies examining the whole coding sequence of BARD1). Using these resources, we compared the frequency of BARD1 PVs in the cases and ~134,100 controls from the gnomAD database and estimated the effect of the BARD1 PVs on BC and OC risks. The analysis revealed that BARD1 is a BC moderate-risk gene (odds ratio (OR) = 2.90, 95% CIs:2.25–3.75, p < 0.0001) but not an OC risk gene (OR = 1.36, 95% CIs:0.87–2.11, p = 0.1733). In addition, the BARD1 mutational spectrum outlined in this study allowed us to determine recurrent PVs and evaluate the variant-specific risk for the most frequent PVs. In conclusion, these precise estimates improve the understanding of the role of BARD1 PVs in BC and OC predisposition and support the need for BARD1 diagnostic testing in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-528-503 (ext. 261); Fax: +48-618-520-532
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