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Mozibullah M, Junaid M. Biological Role of the PAK4 Signaling Pathway: A Prospective Therapeutic Target for Multivarious Cancers. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Yuan Y, Zhang H, Li D, Li Y, Lin F, Wang Y, Song H, Liu X, Li F, Zhang J. PAK4 in cancer development: Emerging player and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Lett 2022; 545:215813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Wang C, Cheng Z, Tang L, Gao Y, Liu F, Li J, Li Y, Li Y, Geng N, Rui X, Teng Y, Liu Y, Cao L, Kumar R, Jin F, Li F. A mandatory role of nuclear PAK4-LIFR axis in breast-to-bone metastasis of ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2018; 38:808-821. [PMID: 30177834 PMCID: PMC6367215 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer-associated bone metastasis is poorly understood. In this article, we report that nuclear p21-activated kinase 4 (nPAK4) is a novel repressor of ERα-mediated transactivation in a 17β-estradiol (E2)-dependent manner and promotes PAK4–ERα axis-mediated bone metastasis by targeting leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) in ERα-positive breast cancer. An evaluation of clinical breast cancer samples revealed that nPAK4 is linked to ERα expression and appears to be associated with a poor prognosis in bone metastatic breast cancer. PAK4 bound and co-translocated with ERα from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon stimulation with E2. nPAK4 enhanced the invasive potential of ERα-positive breast cancer cells in vitro and promoted breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, nPAK4 promoted the metastasis of ERα-positive breast cancer cells by targeting LIFR, a bone metastasis suppressor. Strikingly, the nuclear accumulation of PAK4 might promote aggressive phenotypes, highlighting nPAK4 as a novel predictive biomarker for ERα-positive breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lina Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunling Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nanxi Geng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Rui
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuee Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. P21-activated kinase 4 in pancreatic acinar cells is activated by numerous gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters and growth factors by novel signaling, and its activation stimulates secretory/growth cascades. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G302-G317. [PMID: 29672153 PMCID: PMC6139648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00005.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases, which are divided into two groups: group-I (PAKs1-3) and group-II (PAKs4-6). In various tissues, Group-II PAKs play important roles in cytoskeletal dynamics and cell growth as well as neoplastic development/progression. However, little is known about Group-II PAK's role in a number of physiological events, including their ability to be activated by gastrointestinal (GI) hormones/neurotransmitters/growth factors (GFs). We used rat pancreatic acini to explore the ability of GI hormones/neurotransmitters/GFs to activate Group-II-PAKs and the signaling cascades involved. Only PAK4 was detected in pancreatic acini. PAK4 was activated by endothelin, secretagogues-stimulating phospholipase C (bombesin, CCK-8, and carbachol), by pancreatic GFs (insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, hepatocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor), and by postreceptor stimulants (12-O-tetradecanoylphobol-13-acetate and A23187 ). CCK-8 activation of PAK4 required both high- and low-affinity CCK1-receptor state activation. It was reduced by PKC-, Src-, p44/42-, or p38-inhibition but not with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-inhibitors and only minimally by thapsigargin. A protein kinase D (PKD)-inhibitor completely inhibited CCK-8-stimulated PKD-activation; however, stimulated PAK4 phosphorylation was only inhibited by 60%, demonstrating that it is both PKD-dependent and PKD-independent. PF-3758309 and LCH-7749944, inhibitors of PAK4, decreased CCK-8-stimulated PAK4 activation but not PAK2 activation. Each inhibited ERK1/2 activation and amylase release induced by CCK-8 or bombesin. These results show that PAK4 has an important role in modulating signal cascades activated by a number of GI hormones/neurotransmitters/GFs that have been shown to mediate both physiological/pathological responses in acinar cells. Therefore, in addition to the extensive studies on PAK4 in pancreatic cancer, PAK4 should also be considered an important signaling molecule for pancreatic acinar physiological responses and, in the future, should be investigated for a possible role in pancreatic acinar pathophysiological responses, such as in pancreatitis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that the only Group-II p21-activated kinase (PAK) in rat pancreatic acinar cells is PAK4, and thus differs from islets/pancreatic cancer. Both gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters stimulating PLC and pancreatic growth factors activate PAK4. With cholecystokinin (CCK), activation is PKC-dependent/-independent, requires both CCK1-R affinity states, Src, p42/44, and p38 activation. PAK4 activation is required for CCK-mediated p42/44 activation/amylase release. These results show PAK4 plays an important role in mediating CCK physiological signal cascades and suggest it may be a target in pancreatic acinar diseases besides cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
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Sui H, Wang K, Xie R, Li X, Li K, Bai Y, Wang X, Bai B, Chen D, Li J, Shen B. NDV-D90 suppresses growth of gastric cancer and cancer-related vascularization. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34516-34524. [PMID: 28388537 PMCID: PMC5470987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest promises on using oncolytic Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) to treat different cancers, while the effects of a NDV-D90 strain on gastric cancer remain unknown. Here we showed that NDV-D90 induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in 3 gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823, SGC-7901 and MKN-28. Pronounced reduction in cell invasion was detected in NDV-D90-treated BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells, but not in MKN-28 cells. The increases in cell apoptosis and reduction in cell growth in NDV-D90-treated gastric cancer cells seemingly resulted from augmentation of p38 signaling and suppression of ERK1/2 and Akt signaling. In vivo, orthotopic injection of NDV-D90 impaired tumor growth and induced intratumoral necrosis. Tumor cells that had been pre-treated with NDV-D90 showed defect in development of implanted tumor. Moreover, NDV-D90 appeared to reduce gastric tumor vascularization, possibly through suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor A and Matrix Metallopeptidase 2. Together, our data suggest that NDV-D90 may have potential anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kaibing Wang
- Department of Intervention, The Second Hospital Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xi Li
- Division of Swine Disease, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Medicine, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Division of Swine Disease, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Medicine, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Department of Intervention, The Second Hospital Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiazhuang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Baozhong Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Xie H, Qiao P, Lu Y, Li Y, Tang Y, Huang Y, Bao Y, Ying H. Increased expression of high mobility group box protein 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in placenta previa. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9051-9059. [PMID: 28990078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta previa is often associated with preterm delivery, reduced birth weight, a higher frequency of placental accreta and postpartum haemorrhage, and increased likelihood of blood transfusion. The present study aimed to examine the expression of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in the placenta of women with or without placenta previa. The study group consisted of placental tissues obtained from women with or without placenta previa. The expression levels of HMGB1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated in the placental tissues using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and VEGF were significantly increased in the placenta previa group compared with in the normal group. In addition, the placenta previa group exhibited increased HMGB1 and VEGF staining in vascular endothelial cells and trophoblasts. There were no significant differences in the expression of HMGB1 or VEGF between groups with or without placenta accreta or postpartum haemorrhage. The present study hypothesised that the increased expression of HMGB1 in the placenta may be associated with the pathogenesis of placenta previa by regulating the expression of the proangiogenic factor VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Ping Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yirong Bao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Hao Ying
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
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Su T, Qu JJ, Wang K, Li BL, Zhao D, Zhu YP, Ye L, Lu W, Wan XP. Cross-talk between p21-activated kinase 4 and ERα signaling triggers endometrial cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68083-68094. [PMID: 28978098 PMCID: PMC5620238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and signal transduction pathways plays an important role in the progression of endometrial cancer (EC). Here, we show that 17β-estradiol (E2) stimulation increases p21-activated kinase 4 (Pak4) expression and activation in ER-positive EC cells. The estrogen-induced Pak4 activation is mediated via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Estrogen increases Pak4 and phosphorylated-Pak4 (p-Pak4) nuclear accumulation, and Pak4 in turn enhances ERα trans-activation. Depletion or functional inhibition of Pak4 abrogates EC cell proliferation induced by E2, whereas overexpression of Pak4 rescues cell proliferation decreased by inhibiting the estrogen pathway. Pak4 knockdown decreases cyclin D1 expression and induces G1-S arrest. Importantly, Pak4 suppression inhibits E2 induced EC tumor growth in vivo, in a mouse xenograft model. These data demonstrate that estrogen stimulation increases Pak4 expression and activation, which in turn enhances ERα transcriptional activity and ERα-dependent gene expression, resulting in increased proliferation of EC cells. Thus inhibition of Pak4-ERα signaling may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Lan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wan
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Sheng N, Tan G, You W, Chen H, Gong J, Chen D, Zhang H, Wang Z. MiR-145 inhibits human colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion via PAK4-dependent pathway. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1331-1340. [PMID: 28440035 PMCID: PMC5463071 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-145 (miR-145), as a tumor-suppressive miRNA, has been demonstrated down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and could inhibit CRC cells growth. However, the molecular pathway in which miR-145 modulates CRC malignant transformation has not been fully revealed. Here, we reported an intense correlation between the expressions of PAK4 and miR-145 in human CRC cell lines. Transwell assay verified overexpression of miR-145, as well as knockdown of PAK4, significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion ability. The impaired migration and invasion ability of SW1116 cells was affected through the down-regulation of phosphorylation level of LIMK1 and cofilin in a PAK4-dependent manner. Collectively, we have demonstrated that miR-145 suppressed CRC migration and invasion through PAK4 pathway, which provides an attractive microRNA-based therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengquan Sheng
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Gewen Tan
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Weiqiang You
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Di Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Nano/Micro Fabrication TechnologyResearch Institute Micro/Nano Science and TechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of PathologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
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Krasnyi AM, Volgina NE, Sadekova AA, Shchipitsyna VS, Sukhikh GT, Adamyan LV, Ozernyuk ND. Activation of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors causes secretion of matrix metalloproteinases-9 in the human endometrium. BIOL BULL+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359017020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chou WC, Lee PH, Tan YY, Lin HC, Yang CW, Chen KH, Chuang CY. An integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals bisphenol A exposure-induced dysregulation of microRNA expression in human endometrial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 41:133-142. [PMID: 28238728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) are commonly used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics. Higher BPA exposure levels have been found in patients with endometrial hyperplasia that is one of risk factors of endometrial cancer (EC). Aberrant microRNAs (miRNAs) regulation has been observed in the development of cancer. Thus, this study investigated whether BPA exposure can disrupt miRNA regulation and its gene expression regarding to EC carcinogenic progress. Microarray experiments of miRNA and mRNA were performed in human endometrial cancer RL95-2 cells with treatment of low-to-moderate (10, 103 and 105nM) BPA to explore the aberrant genes corresponding to human EC progression. According to the analysis of KEGG pathway and Cytoscape gene network, this study identified that BPA exposure reduced miR-149 expression to down-regulate DNA repair gene ARF6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6) and tumor protein p53 (TP53), and up-regulate CCNE2 (cyclin E2) potentially to interrupt cell cycle. BPA also increased miR-107 to suppress hedgehog signaling factors, suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU) and GLI family zinc finger 3 (GLI3) to activate hedgehog signaling for cell proliferation underlying carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the BPA-induced cell proliferation was attenuated by transfection with miR-149 mimic and miR-107 inhibitor. These findings provided an insight into potential epigenetic mechanism of BPA exposure on the risk of endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yan Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsueh Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Yap CV, Subramaniam KS, Khor SW, Chung I. Annonacin Exerts Antitumor Activity through Induction of Apoptosis and Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Inhibition. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:378-383. [PMID: 29263632 PMCID: PMC5717791 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_19_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Annonacin, a natural pure compound extracted from the seeds of Annona muricata, is a potential alternative therapeutic agent to treat EC. Objective: To study the antitumor activity of annonacin and its mechanism of action in EC cells (ECCs). Materials and Methods: Viability of ECCs treated with annonacin for 72 h was determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death was evaluated using propidium iodide and annexin V-PE/7-AAD assay, respectively. DNA strand breaks were visualized using transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, and the effects of annonacin on survival signaling were determined using western blotting. Results: Annonacin exhibited antiproliferative effects on EC cell lines (ECC-1 and HEC-1A) and primary cells (EC6-ept and EC14-ept) with EC50values ranging from 4.62 to 4.92 μg/ml. EC cells were shown arrested at G2/M phase after treated with 4 μg/ml of annonacin for 72 h. This led to a significant increase in apoptotic cell death (65.7%) in these cells when compared to vehicle-treated cells (P < 0.005). We further showed that annonacin-mediated apoptotic cell death was associated with an increase in caspase-3 cleavage and DNA fragmentation. Cell apoptosis was accompanied with downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase survival protein expression and induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: Annonacin may be a potential novel therapeutic agent for EC patients. SUMMARY We aimed to study the antitumor activity of annonacin and its mechanism of action in endometrial cancer cells. Annonacin exerted antiproliferation effects on both endometrial cancer cell lines and primary cells via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Our data represented that annonacin could be an alternative therapeutic treatment to combat endometrial cancer.
Abbreviations Used: 7-AAD: 7-Amino-Actinomycin, ATP: Adenosine diphosphate, BSA: Bovine serum albumin, DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, EC: Endometrial cancer, ECC-1: Endometrial cancer cell-1, EC50: Half maximal effective concentration, Ept: Epithelial, FBS: Fetal bovine serum, HEC-1A: Human endometrial carcinoma-1A, MTT: Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, NaCl: Sodium chloride, NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, RPMI 1640: Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium, SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Voon Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, UM Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kavita S Subramaniam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, UM Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sik Wey Khor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, UM Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, UM Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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13
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Ye T, Su J, Huang C, Yu D, Dai S, Huang X, Chen B, Zhou M. Isoorientin induces apoptosis, decreases invasiveness, and downregulates VEGF secretion by activating AMPK signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7481-7492. [PMID: 28003763 PMCID: PMC5161403 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoorientin (or homoorientin) is a flavone, which is a chemical flavonoid-like compound, and a 6-C-glucoside of luteolin. Isoorientin has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer activities against various tumors, but its effects on pancreatic cancer (PC) have not been studied in detail. In this study, we aim to investigate whether isoorientin has potential anti-PC effects and its underlying mechanism. In PC, isoorientin strongly inhibited the survival of the cells, induced cell apoptosis, and decreased its malignancy by reversing the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and matrix metalloproteinase and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Meanwhile, we investigated the activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway after isoorientin treatment, which was forcefully activated by isoorientin, as expected. In addition, in the PC cells that were transfected with lentivirus to interfere with the expression of the gene PRKAA1, there were no differences in the apoptosis rate and the expression of malignancy biomarkers in the tumors of the isoorientin-treated and untreated groups. Thus, we demonstrated that isoorientin has potential antitumor effects via the AMPK signaling pathway, and isoorientin merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jiadong Su
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Chaohao Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Dinglai Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Shengjie Dai
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Xince Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
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14
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Nicholas NS, Pipili A, Lesjak MS, Ameer SM, Geh JLC, Healy C, Ross ADM, Parsons M, Nestle FO, Lacy KE, Wells CM. PAK4 suppresses PDZ-RhoGEF activity to drive invadopodia maturation in melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:70881-70897. [PMID: 27765920 PMCID: PMC5342596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are thought to use actin rich invadopodia to facilitate matrix degradation. Formation and maturation of invadopodia requires the co-ordained activity of Rho-GTPases, however the molecular mechanisms that underlie the invadopodia lifecycle are not fully elucidated. Previous work has suggested a formation and disassembly role for Rho family effector p-21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1) however, related family member PAK4 has not been explored. Systematic analysis of isoform specific depletion using in vitro and in vivo invasion assays revealed there are differential invadopodia-associated functions. We consolidated a role for PAK1 in the invadopodia formation phase and identified PAK4 as a novel invadopodia protein that is required for successful maturation. Furthermore, we find that PAK4 (but not PAK1) mediates invadopodia maturation likely via inhibition of PDZ-RhoGEF. Our work points to an essential role for both PAKs during melanoma invasion but provides a significant advance in our understanding of differential PAK function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Nicholas
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aikaterini Pipili
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michaela S. Lesjak
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon M. Ameer
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny L. C. Geh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frank O. Nestle
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London, London, UK
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London, London, UK
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claire M. Wells
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Inhibition of p21-Activated Kinase 1 by IPA-3 Promotes Locomotor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:919-925. [PMID: 26863260 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Ninety-six male adult CD-1 mice were randomly divided into sham, spinal cord injury (SCI) + vehicle, and SCI + IPA-3 groups. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, production of tumor necrosis factors (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, tissue edema, blood-spinal cord barrier penetrability, neural cell apoptosis, and neurological function recovery were measured. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of specific inhibition of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) by IPA-3 on SCI and the underlying mechanisms thereof. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA SCI is a devastating clinical condition that may result in long-lasting and deteriorating functional deficits. The major goal of SCI treatment is to limit the development of secondary injury. IPA-3, a PAK1 inhibitor, exhibited neuroprotection against secondary damage after traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS MMP-2, MMP-9, and cleaved caspase-3 expression were assessed by Western blot. Inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was measured by water content and Evans blue extravasation of the spinal cord. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by Nissl staining and Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. The locomotor behavior of hind limb was evaluated by Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-injury. RESULTS Compared with SCI + vehicle mice, IPA-3 treatment showed decreased p-PAK1, MMP-2, MMP-9, cleaved caspase-3, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression. Moreover, inhibition of PAK1 by IPA-3 reduced spinal cord water content and Evans blue extravasation, increased neuronal survival, and reduced TUNEL-positive cells at 24 hours after SCI. Furthermore, IPA-3 improved spinal cord functional recovery 7 days after SCI. CONCLUSION Inhibition of PAK1 by IPA-3 promoted recovery of neurological function, possibly by downregulating the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Our data suggest that PAK1 may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with SCI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1.
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Kumar R, Li DQ. PAKs in Human Cancer Progression: From Inception to Cancer Therapeutic to Future Oncobiology. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 130:137-209. [PMID: 27037753 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the initial recognition of a mechanistic role of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in breast cancer invasion, PAK1 has emerged as one of the widely overexpressed or hyperactivated kinases in human cancer at-large, allowing the PAK family to make in-roads in cancer biology, tumorigenesis, and cancer therapeutics. Much of our current understanding of the PAK family in cancer progression relates to a central role of the PAK family in the integration of cancer-promoting signals from cell membrane receptors as well as function as a key nexus-modifier of complex, cytoplasmic signaling network. Another core aspect of PAK signaling that highlights its importance in cancer progression is through PAK's central role in the cross talk with signaling and interacting proteins, as well as PAK's position as a key player in the phosphorylation of effector substrates to engage downstream components that ultimately leads to the development cancerous phenotypes. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in PAK cancer research and its downstream substrates in the context of invasion, nuclear signaling and localization, gene expression, and DNA damage response. We discuss how a deeper understanding of PAK1's pathobiology over the years has widened research interest to the PAK family and human cancer, and positioning the PAK family as a promising cancer therapeutic target either alone or in combination with other therapies. With many landmark findings and leaps in the progress of PAK cancer research since the infancy of this field nearly 20 years ago, we also discuss postulated advances in the coming decade as the PAK family continues to shape the future of oncobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; Rajiv Gandhi Center of Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - D-Q Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Epigenetics in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Shao YG, Ning K, Li F. Group II p21-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1224-1235. [PMID: 26811660 PMCID: PMC4716033 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are central players in various oncogenic signaling pathways. The six PAK family members are classified into group I (PAK1-3) and group II (PAK4-6). Focus is currently shifting from group I PAKs to group II PAKs. Group II PAKs play important roles in many fundamental cellular processes, some of which have particular significance in the development and progression of cancer. Because of their important functions, group II PAKs have become popular potential drug target candidates. However, few group II PAKs inhibitors have been reported, and most do not exhibit satisfactory kinase selectivity and “drug-like” properties. Isoform- and kinase-selective PAK inhibitors remain to be developed. This review describes the biological activities of group II PAKs, the importance of group II PAKs in the development and progression of gastrointestinal cancer, and small-molecule inhibitors of group II PAKs for the treatment of cancer.
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18
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Huang X, Dai S, Dai J, Xiao Y, Bai Y, Chen B, Zhou M. Luteolin decreases invasiveness, deactivates STAT3 signaling, and reverses interleukin-6 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and matrix metalloproteinase secretion of pancreatic cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2989-3001. [PMID: 26527884 PMCID: PMC4621199 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s91511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavone, has been shown to exhibit anticancer properties. Here, we investigated whether luteolin affects epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cell lines and their underlying mechanism. Pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and SW1990 were used in our study, and their EMT characters, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression level, invasiveness, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity were determined after luteolin treatment. We also treated pancreatic cancer cells with interleukin-6 (IL-6) to see whether IL-6-induced activation of STAT3, EMT, and MMP secretion was affected by luteolin. We found that luteolin inhibits EMT and MMP2, MMP7, and MMP9 expression in a dose-dependent manner, similar to STAT3 signaling. Through Transwell assay, we found that invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells was inhibited by luteolin. EMT characters and MMP secretion increase with STAT3 activity after IL-6 treatment and these effects, caused by IL-6, were inhibited by luteolin. We concluded that luteolin inhibits invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells, and we speculated that luteolin inhibits EMT and MMP secretion likely through deactivation of STAT3 signaling. Luteolin has potential antitumor effects and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xince Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Dai
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juji Dai
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwu Xiao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyu Bai
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China ; Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Li D, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Qu X, Liu Y. Activated Pak4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in human gastric cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9431-6. [PMID: 26124003 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in gastrectomy and chemotherapy, the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) has not noticeably improved due to lymph node or distant metastases. P21-activated serine/threonine kinase 4 (Pak4) plays an important role in cell morphology and cytoskeletal reorganization-both prerequisite steps for cell migration. However, it is still unclear if activated Pak4 (p-Pak4) is related to prognosis in GC patients. In our study, the level of p-Pak4 in 95 GC tissue specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We observed significant correlation between the level of p-Pak4 and grosstype (advanced stage GC vs. early stage GC, P = 0.04). Moreover, GC patients with higher p-Pak4 levels had a poorer prognosis than those with lower p-Pak4 levels (17 vs. 38 months, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that high phosphorylation level of Pak4, advanced stage GC, and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for GC patients (p-Pak4, P = 0.026; advanced stage GC, P = 0.030; lymph node metastasis, P = 0.016). In addition, in vitro assays indicated that knockdown of Pak4 accompanied with decreased p-Pak4, inhibited cell migration via downregulation of the traditional downstream signaling pathways of Pak4, LIMK1, and cofilin. In conclusion, this report reveals that high level of p-Pak4 correlates with poor prognosis in GC, thereby suggesting that p-Pak4 might be a potential prognostic marker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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20
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Cai S, Ye Z, Wang X, Pan Y, Weng Y, Lao S, Wei H, Li L. Overexpression of P21-activated kinase 4 is associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer and promotes migration and invasion. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:48. [PMID: 25975262 PMCID: PMC4443662 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), an effector of the Rho family protein Cdc42, is an important oncogene whose expression is increased in many human cancers and is generally positively correlated with advanced disease and decreased survival. However, little is known about the expression and biological function of PAK4 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS PAK4 expression in NSCLC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and western blotting. Prognostic value of PAK4 expression was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. siRNA-mediated gene silencing and protein kinase assay was applied to demonstrate the role and the mechanism of PAK4 in lung cancer cell migration, invasion. RESULTS The results showed that PAK4 was overexpressed in NSCLC cell lines and human NSCLC tissues. PAK4 expression was detected both in the membranes and cytoplasm of NSCLC cancer cells in vivo. Moreover, increased expression of PAK4 was associated with metastasis, shorter overall survival, advanced stage of NSCLC. Furthermore, PAK4 expression was positively correlated with phosphorylation of LIMK1 expression levels. Knockdown of PAK4 in NSCLC cell lines led to reduce the phosphorylation of LIMK1, which resulted in decrease of the cell migration and invasion. In addition, PAK4 bound to LIMK1 directly and activated it via phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that PAK4 mediated LIMK1 phosphorylation regulates the migration and invasion in NSCLC. Therefore, PAK4 might be a significant prognostic marker and potential therapeutic molecular target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwang Cai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuhang Pan
- Department of Pathylogy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yimin Weng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sen Lao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongbo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Yi KW, Kim SH, Ihm HJ, Oh YS, Chae HD, Kim CH, Kang BM. Increased expression of p21-activated kinase 4 in adenomyosis and its regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in endometrial cells. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:1089-1097.e2. [PMID: 25637478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of p21-activated kinase 4 (Pak4) in both adenomyotic foci and the eutopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis, and whether the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9 are regulated by Pak4 in endometrial cells. DESIGN Experimental study using human samples and cell lines. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Thirty-nine patients with histologic evidence of adenomyosis, and 34 patients with carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix without adenomyosis or endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S) Immunohistochemistry, zymography after transfection with Pak4 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and western blot analyses after nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-кB) inhibitor treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The Pak4 immunoreactivity of women with vs. without adenomyosis was compared semiquantitatively. The activities of MMP-2 and -9 were analyzed in eutopic endometrial stromal cells and Ishikawa cells after transfection with Pak4 siRNA. The Pak4 expression was evaluated in endometrial cells after treatment with NF-кB inhibitor. RESULT(S) Pak4 immunoreactivity was increased in adenomyotic foci and in the eutopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis. Transfection of endometrial cells with Pak4 siRNA led to significant decreases of MMP-2 and -9 activities. In vitro treatment of endometrial cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha caused a significant increase of NF-кB activation and Pak4 expression, which was obviously decreased by the NF-кB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. CONCLUSION(S) Our results suggest that Pak4 is regulated by NF-кB and that increased Pak4 expression can lead to development of adenomyosis by enhancing the invasiveness of endometrial cells through regulation of MMP-2 and -9 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Wook Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jin Ihm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Moon Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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PAK4 confers cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells via PI3K/Akt- and MEK/ERK-dependent pathways. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:BSR20130102. [PMID: 27919028 PMCID: PMC3941610 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CDDP [cisplatin or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] and CDDP-based combination chemotherapy have been confirmed effective against gastric cancer. However, CDDP efficiency is limited because of development of drug resistance. In this study, we found that PAK4 (p21-activated kinase 4) expression and activity were elevated in gastric cancer cells with acquired CDDP resistance (AGS/CDDP and MKN-45/CDDP) compared with their parental cells. Inhibition of PAK4 or knockdown of PAK4 expression by specific siRNA (small interfering RNA)-sensitized CDDP-resistant cells to CDDP and overcome CDDP resistance. Combination treatment of LY294002 [the inhibitor of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (protein kinase B or PKB) pathway] or PD98509 {the inhibitor of MEK [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase] pathway} with PF-3758309 (the PAK4 inhibitor) resulted in increased CDDP efficacy compared with LY294002 or PD98509 alone. However, after the concomitant treatment of LY294002 and PD98509, PF-3758309 administration exerted no additional enhancement of CDDP cytotoxicity in CDDP-resistant cells. Inhibition of PAK4 by PF-3758309 could significantly suppress MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signalling in CDDP-resistant cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway while not MEK/ERK pathway could inhibit PAK4 activity in these cells. The in vivo results were similar with those of in vitro. In conclusion, these results indicate that PAK4 confers CDDP resistance via the activation of MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. PAK4 and PI3K/Akt pathways can reciprocally activate each other. Therefore, PAK4 may be a potential target for overcoming CDDP resistance in gastric cancer.
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