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Thielemans R, Speeckaert R, Delrue C, De Bruyne S, Oyaert M, Speeckaert MM. Unveiling the Hidden Power of Uromodulin: A Promising Potential Biomarker for Kidney Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3077. [PMID: 37835820 PMCID: PMC10572911 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein, represents the predominant urinary protein in healthy individuals. Over the years, studies have revealed compelling associations between urinary and serum concentrations of uromodulin and various parameters, encompassing kidney function, graft survival, cardiovascular disease, glucose metabolism, and overall mortality. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in uromodulin as a novel and effective biomarker with potential applications in diverse clinical settings. Reduced urinary uromodulin levels have been linked to an elevated risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery. In the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of different etiologies, urinary uromodulin levels tend to decrease significantly and are strongly correlated with variations in estimated glomerular filtration rate. The presence of uromodulin in the serum, attributable to basolateral epithelial cell leakage in the thick ascending limb, has been observed. This serum uromodulin level is closely associated with kidney function and histological severity, suggesting its potential as a biomarker capable of reflecting disease severity across a spectrum of kidney disorders. The UMOD gene has emerged as a prominent locus linked to kidney function parameters and CKD risk within the general population. Extensive research in multiple disciplines has underscored the biological significance of the top UMOD gene variants, which have also been associated with hypertension and kidney stones, thus highlighting the diverse and significant impact of uromodulin on kidney-related conditions. UMOD gene mutations are implicated in uromodulin-associated kidney disease, while polymorphisms in the UMOD gene show a significant association with CKD. In conclusion, uromodulin holds great promise as an informative biomarker, providing valuable insights into kidney function and disease progression in various clinical scenarios. The identification of UMOD gene variants further strengthens its relevance as a potential target for better understanding kidney-related pathologies and devising novel therapeutic strategies. Future investigations into the roles of uromodulin and regulatory mechanisms are likely to yield even more profound implications for kidney disease diagnosis, risk assessment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raïsa Thielemans
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.T.); (C.D.)
| | | | - Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.T.); (C.D.)
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Yan Z, Wang G, Shi X. Advances in the Progression and Prognosis Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785375. [PMID: 34992536 PMCID: PMC8724575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the increasingly serious public health concerns worldwide; the global burden of CKD is increasingly due to high morbidity and mortality. At present, there are three key problems in the clinical treatment and management of CKD. First, the current diagnostic indicators, such as proteinuria and serum creatinine, are greatly interfered by the physiological conditions of patients, and the changes in the indicator level are not synchronized with renal damage. Second, the established diagnosis of suspected CKD still depends on biopsy, which is not suitable for contraindication patients, is also traumatic, and is not sensitive to early progression. Finally, the prognosis of CKD is affected by many factors; hence, it is ineviatble to develop effective biomarkers to predict CKD prognosis and improve the prognosis through early intervention. Accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD are extremely significant for improving the clinical treatment and management of CKD and reducing the social burden. Therefore, biomarkers reported in recent years, which could play important roles in accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD, were concluded and highlighted in this review article that aims to provide a reference for both the construction of CKD precision therapy system and the pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Yan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guanran Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingyang Shi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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van Duijl TT, Ruhaak LR, Smit NPM, Pieterse MM, Romijn FPHTM, Dolezal N, Drijfhout JW, de Fijter JW, Cobbaert CM. Development and Provisional Validation of a Multiplex LC-MRM-MS Test for Timely Kidney Injury Detection in Urine. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5304-5314. [PMID: 34735145 PMCID: PMC8650098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
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Kidney injury is
a complication frequently encountered in hospitalized
patients. Early detection of kidney injury prior to loss of renal
function is an unmet clinical need that should be targeted by a protein-based
biomarker panel. In this study, we aim to quantitate urinary kidney
injury biomarkers at the picomolar to nanomolar level by liquid chromatography
coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring
mode (LC-MRM-MS). Proteins were immunocaptured from urinary samples,
denatured, reduced, alkylated, and digested into peptides before LC-MRM-MS
analysis. Stable-isotope-labeled peptides functioned as internal standards,
and biomarker concentrations were attained by an external calibration
strategy. The method was evaluated for selectivity, carryover, matrix
effects, linearity, and imprecision. The LC-MRM-MS method enabled
the quantitation of KIM-1, NGAL, TIMP2, IGFBP7, CXCL9, nephrin, and
SLC22A2 and the detection of TGF-β1, cubilin, and uromodulin.
Two to three peptides were included per protein, and three transitions
were monitored per peptide for analytical selectivity. The analytical
carryover was <1%, and minimal urine matrix effects were observed
by combining immunocapture and targeted LC-MRM-MS analysis. The average
total CV of all quantifier peptides was 26%. The linear measurement
range was determined per measurand and found to be 0.05–30
nmol/L. The targeted MS-based method enables the multiplex quantitation
of low-abundance urinary kidney injury biomarkers for future clinical
evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirsa T van Duijl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico P M Smit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mervin M Pieterse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fred P H T M Romijn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja Dolezal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wouter Drijfhout
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W de Fijter
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christa M Cobbaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mohapatra S, Sharma N, Mohapatra G, Padhye LP, Mukherji S. Seasonal variation in fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter in wastewater and identification of proteins through HRLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125453. [PMID: 33930968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, wastewater samples acquired from five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), located in western India were characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy, and resin-based fractionation was conducted to fractionate DOM into hydrophobic and hydrophilic base, acid, and neutral fractions. Among several fractions, the hydrophilic acid (HIA) and hydrophilic neutral (HIN) fractions were present in higher abundance (more than 50% of DOC) compared to the hydrophilic base (HIB) fraction in both influent and effluent wastewater stream obtained from WWTPs. Tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like substances were also abundant in the influent and effluent stream of WWTPs. Further, LC-MS/MS analysis could identify 235 and 288 DOM proteins in the influent and effluent stream of WWTP-1, respectively. These proteins revealed varying percentage of tryptophan and tyrosine residues. The tryptophan residues primarily contributed to protein-like fluorescence in wastewater. The proteins were further classified based on their role in biological processes, location in the cell, and molecular function. Among several proteins, Alzheimer's and Huntington disease biomarkers were identified at WWTP-1. Their presence in the surface water can serve as an early warning system for wastewater-based epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suparna Mukherji
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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Bioanalysis of plasma acetate levels without derivatization by LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:373-386. [PMID: 33661702 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The acetate ion has important physiological functions and important therapeutic applications. A rapid LC-MS/MS method is described to measure acetate ions in human plasma without chemical derivatization. Materials & methods: A 200 μl sample was spiked with the internal standard 1,2-13C-acetate and proteins precipitated with trichloroacetic acid. The supernatant was recovered and separated under acidic conditions on a C18-column. The eluent was alkalinized by post-column infusion of methanolic ammonium hydroxide. Acetate ions were monitored on a low resolution mass spectrometer in negative ion mode. Results: Method was validated for accuracy and precision with a lower limit of quantitation of 9.7 μM and linear dynamic range up to 339.6 μM. Conclusion: The method is open for analytical improvement and adapts with metabolomic and pharmacometabolomic studies on chemicals of similar nature.
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A new paradigm in public health assessment: Water fingerprinting for protein markers of public health using mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Critselis E, Rava M, Marquez M, Lygirou V, Chatzicharalambous D, Liapi P, Lichtinghagen R, Brand K, Cecchini L, Vlahou A, Malats N, Zoidakis J. Diagnostic and Prognostic Performance of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) Assay for Detecting Primary and Recurrent Urinary Bladder Cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800148. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Critselis
- Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology DivisionBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Marta Rava
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas) Madrid and CIBERONC 28029 Spain
| | - Mirari Marquez
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas) Madrid and CIBERONC 28029 Spain
| | - Vasiliki Lygirou
- Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology DivisionBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Despoina Chatzicharalambous
- Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology DivisionBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Panagiota Liapi
- Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology DivisionBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Ralph Lichtinghagen
- Institute of Clinical ChemistryHannover Medical School Hannover 30625 Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical ChemistryHannover Medical School Hannover 30625 Germany
| | | | - Antonia Vlahou
- Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology DivisionBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Nuria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas) Madrid and CIBERONC 28029 Spain
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology DivisionBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens 11527 Greece
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Rauniyar N, Yu X, Cantley J, Voss EZ, Belcher J, Colangelo CM, Stone KL, Dahl N, Parikh C, Lam TT, Cantley LG. Quantification of Urinary Protein Biomarkers of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease by Parallel Reaction Monitoring. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700157. [PMID: 29573172 PMCID: PMC6736530 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a life-long disease in which the genes responsible are known, but the pathogenesis of cyst formation and cyst growth are not understood. Cyst growth ultimately leads to end-stage renal failure in most patients. Analysis of the urinary proteome offers the potential to identify proteins that indicate the presence of cysts (and thus provides diagnosis) as well as the rates of cyst growth (providing prognostic information). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A scheduled parallel reaction monitoring (sPRM) assay is performed on urine samples from 14 patients and 18 normal controls. For relative quantification, stable isotope-labeled synthetic peptides are spiked in the urinary protein digests prior to data collection. The data are subsequently normalized to creatinine and protein concentration in the respective urine samples to control for variations in water intake between individuals. RESULTS Out of the 143 urinary proteins targeted for sPRM assay, 69 proteins are observed to be significantly dysregulated in ADPKD. The dysregulated proteins are used to cluster ADPKD patients into those who are more or less similar to normal controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study shows that sPRM is a promising approach to rapidly screen large numbers of proteins in urine in order to provide earlier diagnosis and potentially better understand the pathogenesis of ADPKD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Rauniyar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
- MS and Proteomics Resource, W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, 06511, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Cantley
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edward Z Voss
- MS and Proteomics Resource, W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, 06511, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justin Belcher
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher M Colangelo
- MS and Proteomics Resource, W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, 06511, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathryn L Stone
- MS and Proteomics Resource, W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, 06511, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Neera Dahl
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chirag Parikh
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Yale University School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
- MS and Proteomics Resource, W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, 06511, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lloyd G Cantley
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Devuyst O, Pattaro C. The UMOD Locus: Insights into the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:713-726. [PMID: 29180396 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017070716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genetic factors associated with kidney disease has the potential to provide critical insights into disease mechanisms. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered genomic regions associated with renal function metrics and risk of CKD. UMOD is among the most outstanding loci associated with CKD in the general population, because it has a large effect on eGFR and CKD risk that is consistent across different ethnic groups. The relevance of UMOD for CKD is clear, because the encoded protein, uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein), is exclusively produced by the kidney tubule and has specific biochemical properties that mediate important functions in the kidney and urine. Rare mutations in UMOD are the major cause of autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease, a condition that leads to CKD and ESRD. In this brief review, we use the UMOD paradigm to describe how population genetic studies can yield insight into the pathogenesis and prognosis of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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10
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Qasem RJ, Farh IK, Al Essa MA. A novel LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative measurement of the acetate content in pharmaceutical peptides. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:354-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Devuyst O, Olinger E, Rampoldi L. Uromodulin: from physiology to rare and complex kidney disorders. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:525-544. [PMID: 28781372 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uromodulin (also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein) is exclusively produced in the kidney and is the most abundant protein in normal urine. The function of uromodulin remains elusive, but the available data suggest that this protein might regulate salt transport, protect against urinary tract infection and kidney stones, and have roles in kidney injury and innate immunity. Interest in uromodulin was boosted by genetic studies that reported involvement of the UMOD gene, which encodes uromodulin, in a spectrum of rare and common kidney diseases. Rare mutations in UMOD cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), which leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in UMOD that are strongly associated with risk of CKD and also with hypertension and kidney stones in the general population. These findings have opened up a new field of kidney research. In this Review we summarize biochemical, physiological, genetic and pathological insights into the roles of uromodulin; the mechanisms by which UMOD mutations cause ADTKD, and the association of common UMOD variants with complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Olinger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Rampoldi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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KAMAO M, HIROTA Y, SUHARA Y, TSUGAWA N, NAKAGAWA K, OKANO T, HASEGAWA H. Determination of Menadione by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Pseudo Multiple Reaction Monitoring. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:863-867. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya KAMAO
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yoshihisa HIROTA
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshitomo SUHARA
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Naoko TSUGAWA
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women’s University
| | - Kimie NAKAGAWA
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toshio OKANO
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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Welcome to volume 9 of Bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2016; 9:151-154. [PMID: 27960542 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Welcome to volume 9 of Bioanalysis and Happy New Year to all of our readers. We would like to take the opportunity to look back 2016, which was another great year for us. We thank all our authors, readers and reviewers, as well as our Editorial Board members for their continued support. We very much look forward to working with everyone in 2017.
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