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Liang H, Gong J, Zhou K, Deng L, Chen J, Guo L, Jiang M, Lin J, Tang H, Liu X. Removal efficiencies and risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals at two wastewater treatment plants in South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112758. [PMID: 34507038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are an important pollutant sources of the aquatic system. In this study, the removal efficiencies of eight typical EDCs at two domestic WWTPs in Dongguan City, China, are reported based on instrumental analysis and bioassay results. Bioactivities, including steroidogenesis-disrupting effects, estrogen receptor (ER)-binding activity, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-binding activity were evaluated using the H295R, MVLN, and H4IIE cell bioassays, respectively. The potential environmental risks of these residual EDCs were also evaluated. The results of instrumental analysis showed that nonylphenol was the major chemical type present among the eight tested EDCs. Meanwhile, concentrations of estrogen compounds including estrone, 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol, 17α-ethinyl estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol were relatively low. The removal rates of all eight EDCs were relatively high. Although the chemical analysis indicated high removal efficiency, the bioassay results showed that steroidogenesis-disrupting effects as well as ER-binding and AhR-binding activities remained, with E2-equivalent values of effluent samples ranging from 0.16 to 0.9 ng·L-1, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-equivalent values ranging from 0.61 to 4.09 ng L-1. Principal component analysis combined with regression analysis suggests that the chemicals analyzed in this study were partly responsible for these ER and AhR activities. Ecological risk assessment of the residual EDCs showed that estrone was the most hazardous chemical among the eight EDCs tested, with a risk quotient of 1.44-5.50. Overall, this study suggests that, despite high apparent removal efficiencies of typical EDCs, their bioactivities and potential ecological risks cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jian Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kairu Zhou
- School of Public Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Langjing Deng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Lihao Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Mengzhu Jiang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Juntong Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China.
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Bilcikova J, Fialkova V, Duranova H, Kovacikova E, Forgacs Z, Gren A, Massanyi P, Lukac N, Roychoudhury S, Knazicka Z. Copper affects steroidogenesis and viability of human adrenocortical carcinoma (NCI-H295R) cell line in vitro. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:1070-1077. [PMID: 32437254 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1769400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an environmental risk factor, which has various effects on reproductive endocrinology. In this study human adrenocortical carcinoma (NCI-H295R) cell line was used as an in vitro biological model to study the effect of copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) on steroidogenesis and cytotoxicity. The cell cultures were exposed to different concentrations (3.90, 62.50, 250, 500, 1000 µM) of CuSO4.5H2O and compared to control group (medium without CuSO4.5H2O). Cell viability was measured by the metabolic activity assay. Quantification of sexual steroid production directly from the medium was performed by ELISA assay. Following 48 h culture of NCI-H295R cell line in the presence of CuSO4.5H2O a dose-dependent depletion of progesterone release was observed even at the lower concentrations of CuSO4.5H2O. The lowest levels of progesterone were detected in groups with the higher doses (≥ 250 µM) of CuSO4.5H2O, which elicited significant cytotoxic action. Testosterone production decreased significantly, and this decline was more prominent in comparison to that of progesterone. The lowest release of testosterone was recorded at 1000 µM of CuSO4.5H2O. The cytotoxic effect of CuSO4.5H2O was evident at all concentrations used in the study. The presented data suggest that copper has detrimental effects on sexual steroid hormones and consecutively on reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Bilcikova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Fialkova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Hana Duranova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kovacikova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Agnieszka Gren
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Lukac
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Zuzana Knazicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Removal of batch effects using stratified subsampling of metabolomic data for in vitro endocrine disruptors screening. Talanta 2019; 195:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Botteri Principato NL, Suarez JD, Laws SC, Klinefelter GR. The use of purified rat Leydig cells complements the H295R screen to detect chemical-induced alterations in testosterone production. Biol Reprod 2018; 98:239-249. [PMID: 29272331 PMCID: PMC6691738 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has been associated with compromised testosterone production leading to abnormal male reproductive development and altered spermatogenesis. In vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays are needed to evaluate risk to testosterone production, yet the main steroidogenesis assay currently utilized is a human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line, H295R, which does not synthesize gonadal steroids at the same level as the gonads, thus limiting assay sensitivity. Here, we propose a complementary assay using a highly purified rat Leydig cell assay to evaluate the potential for chemical-induced alterations in testosterone production by the testis. We evaluated a subset of chemicals that failed to decrease testosterone production in the HTS H295R assay. The chemicals examined fit into one of two categories based on changes in substrates upstream of testosterone in the adrenal steroidogenic pathway (17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone) that we predicted should have elicited a decrease in testosterone production. We found that 85% of 20 test chemicals examined inhibited Leydig cell testosterone production in our assay. Importantly, we adopted a 96-well format to increase throughput and efficiency of the Leydig cell assay. We identified a selection criterion based on the AC50 values for 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone generated from the HTS H295R assay that will help prioritize chemicals for further testing in the Leydig cell screen. We hypothesize that the greater dynamic range of testosterone production and sensitivity of the Leydig cell assay permits the detection of small, yet significant, chemical-induced changes not detected by the HTS H295R assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Botteri Principato
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Endocrine Toxicity Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Juan D. Suarez
- Reproductive Toxicity Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency,Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan C. Laws
- Endocrine Toxicity Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary R. Klinefelter
- Reproductive Toxicity Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency,Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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