1
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Sripada SA, Hosseini M, Ramesh S, Wang J, Ritola K, Menegatti S, Daniele MA. Advances and opportunities in process analytical technologies for viral vector manufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108391. [PMID: 38848795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Viral vectors are an emerging, exciting class of biologics whose application in vaccines, oncology, and gene therapy has grown exponentially in recent years. Following first regulatory approval, this class of therapeutics has been vigorously pursued to treat monogenic disorders including orphan diseases, entering hundreds of new products into pipelines. Viral vector manufacturing supporting clinical efforts has spurred the introduction of a broad swath of analytical techniques dedicated to assessing the diverse and evolving panel of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of these products. Herein, we provide an overview of the current state of analytics enabling measurement of CQAs such as capsid and vector identities, product titer, transduction efficiency, impurity clearance etc. We highlight orthogonal methods and discuss the advantages and limitations of these techniques while evaluating their adaptation as process analytical technologies. Finally, we identify gaps and propose opportunities in enabling existing technologies for real-time monitoring from hardware, software, and data analysis viewpoints for technology development within viral vector biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhana A Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mahshid Hosseini
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Srivatsan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Junhyeong Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kimberly Ritola
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Neuroscience Center, Brain Initiative Neurotools Vector Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, 890 Main Campus Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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2
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Baratta M, Jian W, Hengel S, Kaur S, Cunliffe J, Boer J, Hughes N, Kar S, Kellie J, Kim YJ, Lassman M, Mehl J, Morgan L, Palandra J, Sarvaiya H, Zeng J, Zheng N, Wang J, Yuan L, Ji A, Kochansky C, Tao L, Huang Y, Maes E, Barbero L, Contrepois K, Ferrari L, Fu Y, Johnson J, Jones B, Kansal M, Lu Y, Post N, Shen HH, Xue YYJ, Zhang YC, Biswas G, Cho SJ, Edmison A, Benson K, Abberley L, Azadeh M, Francis J, Garofolo F, Gupta S, Ivanova ID, Ishii-Watabe A, Karnik S, Kassim S, Kavetska O, Keller S, Kossary E, Li W, McCush F, Mendes DN, Abhari MR, Scheibner K, Sikorski T, Staack RF, Tabler E, Tang H, Wan K, Wang YM, Whale E, Yang L, Zimmer J, Bandukwala A, Du X, Kholmanskikh O, Gijsel SKD, Wadhwa M, Xu J, Buoninfante A, Cludts I, Diebold S, Maxfield K, Mayer C, Pedras-Vasconcelos J, Abhari MR, Shubow S, Tanaka Y, Tounekti O, Verthelyi D, Wagner L. 2023 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Deuterated Drugs; LNP; Tumor/FFPE Biopsy; Targeted Proteomics; Small Molecule Covalent Inhibitors; Chiral Bioanalysis; Remote Regulatory Assessments; Sample Reconciliation/Chain of Custody (PART 1A - Recommendations on Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography, Sample Preparation Latest Developments, Challenges, and Solutions and BMV/Regulated Bioanalysis PART 1B - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV, Biomarkers/IVD/CDx/BAV, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine). Bioanalysis 2024; 16:307-364. [PMID: 38913185 DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2347153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The 17th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (17th WRIB) took place in Orlando, FL, USA on June 19-23, 2023. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 17th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.Moreover, in-depth workshops on "EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation and impact for the Global Biomarker Community: How to Comply with this NEW Regulation" and on "US FDA/OSIS Remote Regulatory Assessments (RRAs)" were the special features of the 17th edition.As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues.This 2023 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2023 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons.This publication covers the recommendations on Mass Spectrometry Assays, Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV (Part 1A) and Regulatory Inputs (Part 1B). Part 2 (Biomarkers, IVD/CDx, LBA and Cell-Based Assays) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 16 of Bioanalysis, issues 7 and 8 (2024), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenying Jian
- Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Mehl
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Naiyu Zheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yue Huang
- AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Luca Ferrari
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Yang Lu
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland F Staack
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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3
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Kholmanskikh O, Wang YM, Hersey S, Wadhwa M, Block K, Bandukwala A, Szapacs M, Weiner R, Awwad K, Dessy F, Downing S, Du X, Garofolo F, Harris S, Hou V, Jones J, Kar S, Kinhikar A, Li M, Mathews J, Meissen J, Sumner GO, Pan L, Sanderink G, Scully I, Stanta J, Tanaka Y, Vauleon S, Wagner L, Wang K, Zhu L, Eck S, Lin YD, Azadeh M, Decman V, Diebold S, Du X, Goihberg P, Alcaide EG, Gonneau C, Hedrick MN, Hopkins G, Kar S, Loschko J, McCausland M, Mendez L, Sehra S, Stevens E, Sun YS, Tangri S, Trampont PC, Cludts I, Dysinger M, Kavita U, Sugimoto H, Chilewski S, Grimaldi C, Jiang Y, Kamerud J, Liu S, Owen C, Palackal N, Petit-Frere C, Pine S, Abhari MR, Scheibner K, Williams L, Xu T, Zhang G. 2023 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation/Impact, IVD/CDx/CLIA Approved Assays, High Dimensional Cytometry, Multiplexing Technologies, LBA Tissue Analysis, Vaccine Study Endpoints, Cell-Based Assays for Biomarkers, Cell Therapy and Vaccines ( PART 2 - Recommendations on Development & Validation of Biomarkers, IVD, CDx, Cell-Based, Flow Cytometry, Ligand-Binding and Enzyme Assays; Advanced Critical Reagents Strategies). Bioanalysis 2024; 16:179-220. [PMID: 38899739 DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2340961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The 17th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (17th WRIB) took place in Orlando, FL, USA on 19-23 June 2023. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 17th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.Moreover, in-depth workshops on "EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation and impact for the Global Biomarker Community: How to Comply with these NEW Regulations" and on "US FDA/OSIS Remote Regulatory Assessments (RRAs)" were the special features of the 17th edition.As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues.This 2023 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2023 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons.This publication (Part 2) covers the recommendations on Biomarkers, IVD/CDx, LBA and Cell-Based Assays. Part 1A (Mass Spectrometry Assays and Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV), P1B (Regulatory Inputs) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 16 of Bioanalysis, issues 9 and 7 (2024), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francis Dessy
- GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium
- Takeda, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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4
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Werth EG, Roos D, Philip ET. Immunocapture LC-MS methods for pharmacokinetics of large molecule drugs. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:165-177. [PMID: 38348660 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Implementation of immunocapture LC-MS methods to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of large molecule drugs has become a widely used technique over the past decade. As the pharmaceutical industry strives for speediness into clinical development without jeopardizing quality, robust assays with generic application across the pipeline are becoming instrumental in bioanalysis, especially in early-stage development. This review highlights the capabilities and challenges involved in hybrid immunocapture LC-MS techniques and its continued applications in nonclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic assay design. This includes a comparison of LC-MS-based approaches to conventional ligand-binding assays and the driving demands in large molecule drug portfolios including growing sensitivity requirements and the unique challenges of new modalities requiring innovation in the bioanalytical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Werth
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - David Roos
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Elsy T Philip
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
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5
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Mora J, Palmer R, Wagner L, Wu B, Partridge M, Meena, Sonderegger I, Smeraglia J, Bivi N, Dakappagari N, Diebold S, Garofolo F, Grimaldi C, Kalina W, Kamerud J, Kar S, Marshall JC, Mayer C, Melton A, Merdek K, Nolan K, Picard S, Shao W, Seitzer J, Tanaka Y, Tounekti O, Vigil A, Walravens K, Xu J, Xu W, Xu Y, Yang L, Zhu L, Verthelyi D, Kubiak RJ, Coble K, Gupta S, Abhari MR, Richards S, Song Y, Ullmann M, Calderon B, Cludts I, Gunn GR, Gupta S, Ishii-Watabe A, Manangeeswaran M, Maxfield K, McCush F, O'Day C, Peng K, Poetzl J, Rasamoelisolo M, Saad OM, Scheibner K, Shubow S, Song S, Thacker S. 2023 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: ISR for ADA Assays, the Rise of dPCR vs qPCR, International Reference Standards for Vaccine Assays, Anti-AAV TAb Post-Dose Assessment, NanoString Validation, ELISpot as Gold Standard (Part 3 - Recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccines Immunogenicity & Technologies; Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity & Risk Assessment; ADA/NAb Assay/Reporting Harmonization). Bioanalysis 2024; 16:77-119. [PMID: 38389403 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The 17th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (17th WRIB) took place in Orlando, FL, USA on June 19-23, 2023. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 17th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on "EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation and impact for the Global Biomarker Community: How to Comply with these NEW Regulations" and on "US FDA/OSIS Remote Regulatory Assessments (RRAs)" were the special features of the 17th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2023 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2023 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers the recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity. Part 1A (Mass Spectrometry Assays and Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV), P1B (Regulatory Inputs) and Part 2 (Biomarkers, IVD/CDx, LBA and Cell-Based Assays) are published in volume 16 of Bioanalysis, issues 8 and 9 (2024), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Meena
- Stoke, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joshua Xu
- US FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Regenxbio, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Lin Yang
- US FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Regenxbio, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Song
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate Peng
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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6
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Getz JA, Nguy T, Dere R, Maia M. A novel biomarker assay qualification strategy for rare human matrices - a case study of biomarkers in aqueous humor. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:239-247. [PMID: 38506259 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Measuring pharmacodynamic biomarkers near the therapeutic site of action presents considerable challenges for sites with limited matrix volume or difficult access. Bioanalytical method qualification requires the use of numerous matrix samples, which is problematic for rare matrices. The aim of this study was to design and implement a streamlined, fit-for-purpose strategy for qualification of biomarker assays in rare matrices. Materials & methods: A multiplexed biomarker immunoassay was developed in human aqueous humor. Results: Our strategy was successfully implemented, providing characterization of assay performance while reducing number of samples in assay qualification. Our assay was used in clinical trial support for an ophthalmic drug candidate. Conclusion: Our results indicate this approach can be applied to other early stage drug development programs facing similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Getz
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trung Nguy
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Randall Dere
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mauricio Maia
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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7
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Foley AR, Sperinde G, Fischer SK. Expanding assay range to accommodate a monoclonal antibody therapeutic quantification in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:129-140. [PMID: 38088824 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapeutic levels in neurodegenerative diseases are often measured in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Due to 0.1% drug partition from serum to CSF and the higher sensitivity needs, usually two different assays are required. The different Gyrolab Bioaffy compact discs can extend the dynamic range of assays. Here, an assay was developed and adapted on two different Gyrolab Bioaffy compact discs (200 and 4000 nl) to achieve the required sensitivity and assay dynamic range needed for the measurement of drug in both serum and CSF. This was accomplished by using the same critical reagents with minimal assay development to transition from a serum to a CSF assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Foley
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gizette Sperinde
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Saloumeh K Fischer
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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8
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Tang C, Verwilligen A, Sadoff J, Brandenburg B, Sneekes-Vriese E, van den Kerkhof T, Dillen L, Rutten L, Juraszek J, Callewaert K, Janssen S, Huizingh J, Euler Z, Schilperoord T, Verhemeldonck M, Langedijk JPM, Hendriks J, Stieh DJ. Absolute quantitation of binding antibodies from clinical samples. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:8. [PMID: 38184641 PMCID: PMC10771429 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The quantitation of antibody responses is a critical requirement for the successful development of vaccines and therapeutics that often relies on the use of standardized reference materials to determine relative quantities within biological samples. The validity of comparing responses across assays using arbitrarily defined reference values is therefore limited. We developed a generalizable method known as MASCALE (Mass Spectrometry Enabled Conversion to Absolute Levels of ELISA Antibodies) for absolute quantitation of antibodies by calibrating ELISA reference sera using mass spectrometry. Levels of proteotypic peptides served as a proxy for human IgG, allowing the conversion of responses from arbitrary values to absolute amounts. Applications include comparison of binding assays at two separate laboratories and evaluation of cross-clade magnitude-breadth responses induced by an investigational HIV-1 vaccine regimen. MASCALE addresses current challenges in the interpretation of immune responses in clinical trials and expands current options available to make suitable comparisons across different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Tang
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jerald Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucy Rutten
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sarah Janssen
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Zelda Euler
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J Stieh
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Vaccine Company, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Krug SA, Coutinho AL, Polli JE, Kane MA. Validation of a method for itraconazole and major metabolite hydroxyitraconazole for LC-MS/MS analysis with application in a formulation clinical study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115505. [PMID: 37393691 PMCID: PMC10529130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of itraconazole (ITZ) and hydroxyitraconazole (ITZ-OH) as part of a human pharmacokinetic study of novel tablet formulations. We demonstrated that 100 µL of plasma sample can be used with a protein precipitation extraction by optimizing different composition of acid in organic solvent for the precipitation solvent, giving comparable recovery to more time-consuming liquid-liquid or solid phase extractions. Additionally, we have shown that by monitoring the halogen isotopic peak for ITZ as well as optimizing chromatographic conditions, we are able to avoid carryover and endogenous interferences, allowing for a lower limit of quantification for our study. We validated the method to quantify ITZ and ITZ-OH from 1 to 250 ng/mL in human plasma and applied this to a formulation research clinical study (NCT04035187). This is the first itraconazole study to demonstrate robustness of the assay by performing interference testing of over-the-counter and common co-administered medications. We are also the first publication to perform incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) at the conclusion of a 672 sample clinical study to show reproducibility of assay performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Krug
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Coutinho
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James E Polli
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Sumner G, Keller S, Huleatt J, Staack RF, Wagner L, Azadeh M, Bandukwala A, Cao L, Du X, Salinas GF, Garofolo F, Harris S, Hopper S, Irwin C, Ji Q, Joseph J, King L, Kinhikar A, Lu Y, Luo R, Mabrouk O, Malvaux L, Marshall JC, McGuire K, Mikol V, Neely R, Qiu X, Saito Y, Salaun B, Scully I, Smeraglia J, Solstad T, Stoop J, Tang H, Teixeira P, Wang Y, Wright M, Mendez L, Beaver C, Eacret J, Au-Yeung A, Decman V, Dessy F, Eck S, Goihberg P, Alcaide EG, Gonneau C, Grugan K, Hedrick MN, Kar S, Sehra S, Stevens E, Stevens C, Sun Y, McCush F, Williams L, Fischer S, Wu B, Jordan G, Burns C, Cludts I, Coble K, Grimaldi C, Henderson N, Joyce A, Lotz G, Lu Y, Luo L, Neff F, Sperinde G, Stubenrauch KG, Wang Y, Ware M, Xu W. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Enzyme Assay Validation, BAV for Primary End Points, Vaccine Functional Assays, Cytometry in Tissue, LBA in Rare Matrices, Complex NAb Assays, Spectral Cytometry, Endogenous Analytes, Extracellular Vesicles Part 2 - Recommendations on Biomarkers/CDx, Flow Cytometry, Ligand-Binding Assays Development & Validation; Emerging Technologies; Critical Reagents Deep Characterization. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:861-903. [PMID: 37584363 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (16th WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 2) covers the recommendations on LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry. Part 1 (Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 16 and 14 (2023), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland F Staack
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Ji
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yang Lu
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Priscila Teixeira
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Yixin Wang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregor Jordan
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil Henderson
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gregor Lotz
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Neff
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
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Szapacs M, Jian W, Spellman D, Cunliffe J, Verburg E, Kaur S, Kellie J, Li W, Mehl J, Qian M, Qiu X, Sirtori FR, Rosenbaum AI, Sikorski T, Surapaneni S, Wang J, Wilson A, Zhang J, Xue Y, Post N, Huang Y, Goykhman D, Yuan L, Fang K, Casavant E, Chen L, Fu Y, Huang M, Ji A, Johnson J, Lassman M, Li J, Saad O, Sarvaiya H, Tao L, Wang Y, Zheng N, Dasgupta A, Abhari MR, Ishii-Watabe A, Saito Y, Mendes Fernandes DN, Bower J, Burns C, Carleton K, Cho SJ, Du X, Fjording M, Garofolo F, Kar S, Kavetska O, Kossary E, Lu Y, Mayer A, Palackal N, Salha D, Thomas E, Verhaeghe T, Vinter S, Wan K, Wang YM, Williams K, Woolf E, Yang L, Yang E, Bandukwala A, Hopper S, Maher K, Xu J, Brodsky E, Cludts I, Irwin C, Joseph J, Kirshner S, Manangeeswaran M, Maxfield K, Pedras-Vasconcelos J, Solstad T, Thacker S, Tounekti O, Verthelyi D, Wadhwa M, Wagner L, Yamamoto T, Zhang L, Zhou L. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: ICH M10 BMV Guideline & Global Harmonization; Hybrid Assays; Oligonucleotides & ADC; Non-Liquid & Rare Matrices; Regulatory Inputs ( Part 1A - Recommendations on Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Sample Preparation, Novel Technologies, Novel Modalities, and Novel Challenges, ICH M10 BMV Guideline & Global Harmonization Part 1B - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV, Biomarkers/CDx/BAV, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine). Bioanalysis 2023; 15:955-1016. [PMID: 37650500 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (16th WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on the ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 1A) covers the recommendations on Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10. Part 1B covers the Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine. Part 2 (LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 15 and 14 (2023), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Mehl
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongjun Xue
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yue Huang
- AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ola Saad
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Naiyu Zheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Lu
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eric Yang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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12
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Pan L, Mora J, Walravens K, Wagner L, Hopper S, Loo L, Bettoun D, Bond S, Dessy F, Downing S, Garofolo F, Gupta S, Henderson N, Irwin C, Ishii-Watabe A, Kar S, Jawa V, Joseph J, Malvaux L, Marshall JC, McDevitt J, Mohapatra S, Seitzer J, Smith J, Solstad T, Sugimoto H, Tounekti O, Wu B, Wu Y, Xu Y, Xu J, Yamamoto T, Yang L, Torri A, Kirshner S, Maxfield K, Vasconcelos JP, Abhari MR, Verthelyi D, Brodsky E, Carrasco-Triguero M, Kamerud J, Andisik M, Baltrukonis D, Bivi N, Cludts I, Coble K, Gorovits B, Gunn GR, Gupta S, Millner AH, Joyce A, Kubiak RJ, Kumar S, Liao K, Manangeeswaran M, Partridge M, Pine S, Poetzl J, Rajadhyaksha M, Rasamoelisolo M, Richards S, Song Y, Swanson S, Thacker S, Wadhwa M, Wolf A, Zhang L, Zhou L. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: FDA Draft Guidance on Immunogenicity Information in Prescription Drug Labeling, LNP & Viral Vectors Therapeutics/Vaccines Immunogenicity, Prolongation Effect, ADA Affinity, Risk-based Approaches, NGS, qPCR, ddPCR Assays ( Part 3 - Recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccines Immunogenicity & Technologies; Immunogenicity & Risk Assessment of Biotherapeutics and Novel Modalities; NAb Assays Integrated Approach). Bioanalysis 2023; 15:773-814. [PMID: 37526071 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2022 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers the recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity. Part 1 (Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10) and Part 2 (LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 16 and 15 (2023), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vibha Jawa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Song
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Suh MJ, Powers JB, Daniels CM, Wu Y. Enhanced Pharmacokinetic Bioanalysis of Antibody-drug Conjugates using Hybrid Immunoaffinity Capture and Microflow LC-MS/MS. AAPS J 2023; 25:68. [PMID: 37386323 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing complexity and diversity of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have led to a need for comprehensive and informative bioanalytical methods to enhance pharmacokinetic (PK) understanding. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a hybrid immunoaffinity (IA) capture microflow LC-MS/MS (μLC-MS/MS) method for ADC analysis, utilizing a minimal sample volume for PK assessments in a preclinical study. A robust workflow was established for the quantitative analysis of ADCs by the implementation of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and semi-automation in µLC-MS/MS. Utilizing the µLC-MS/MS approach in conjunction with 1 µL of ADC-dosed mouse plasma sample volume, standard curves of two representative surrogate peptides for total antibody (heavy chain, HC) and intact antibody (light chain, LC) ranged from 1.00 ng/mL (LLOQ) to 5000 ng/mL with correlation coefficients (r2) values of > 0.99. The linear range of the standard curve for payload as a surrogate for the concentration of total ADC was from 0.5 ng/mL (LLOQ) to 2000 ng/mL with high accuracy and precision (< 10% CV at all concentrations). Moreover, a high correlation of concentrations of total antibody between two assay approaches (µLC-MS and ELISA) was achieved with less than 20% difference at all time points, indicating that the two methods are comparable in quantitation of total antibody in plasma samples. The µLC-MS platform demonstrated a greater dynamic range, sensitivity, robustness, and good reproducibility. These findings demonstrated that the cost-effective µLC-MS method can reduce reagent consumption and minimize the use of mice plasma samples while providing more comprehensive information about ADCs being analyzed, including the total antibody, intact antibody, and total ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Jin Suh
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA.
| | - Joshua B Powers
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA
| | - Casey M Daniels
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA
| | - Yuling Wu
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA.
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Bioanalytical strategy for the characterization and bioanalysis of biologics: a global, nonregulated bioanalytical lab perspective. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:133-148. [PMID: 36891956 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, we have seen an increase in the complexity and diversity of biotherapeutic modalities pursued by biopharmaceutical companies. These biologics are multifaceted and susceptible to post-translational modifications and in vivo biotransformation that could impose challenges for bioanalysis. It is vital to characterize the functionality, stability and biotransformation products of these molecules to enable screening, identify potential liabilities at an early stage and devise a bioanalytical strategy. This article highlights our perspective on characterization and bioanalysis of biologics using hybrid LC-MS in our global nonregulated bioanalytical laboratories. AbbVie's suite of versatile, stage-appropriate characterization assays and quantitative bioanalytical approaches are discussed, along with guidance on their utility in answering project-specific questions to aid in decision-making.
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15
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The quantitative and qualitative measurement of 2022: Bioanalysis Volume 15. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1-4. [PMID: 36876830 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
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16
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Criteria of slope and endogenous level for selection of matrix in the quantitation of endogenous compounds by LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:807-816. [PMID: 35938284 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of the appropriate matrix for standard curve is critical for an accurate and sensitive biomarker method. Slope of a standard curve is the key factor for parallelism assessment between tested matrix and authentic matrix for LC-MS/MS assays. Here the authors have established slope criteria using a generic equation and endogenous level criteria for achieving assay sensitivity. The slope difference criterion is from -13.0 to +17.6% for LC-MS assays with ± 15% bias criteria. When the ratio of endogenous concentration in the tested matrix to the lower limit of quantitation is <4.0, the lower limit of quantitation is achievable. If these criteria are met, the tested matrix can be used for assays. The utility of the two criteria has been illustrated with case studies.
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