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Niemietz P, Peiseler M, Kohlhepp M, Horn P, Matchett K, Wang Y, Haas L, Zhang T, Bruneau A, Guillot A, Berger H, Liepelt A, Warzecha K, Demske C, Möckel D, Lammers T, Henderson N, Heymann F, Tacke F. C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) regulates hepatic CD8 + T cell homeostasis and response to acute liver injury. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00719. [PMID: 38231043 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but life-threatening condition, and DILI, particularly acetaminophen toxicity, is the leading cause of ALF. Innate immune mechanisms further perpetuate liver injury, while the role of the adaptive immune system in DILI-related ALF is unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We analyzed liver tissue from 2 independent patient cohorts with ALF and identified hepatic T cell infiltration as a prominent feature in human ALF. CD8 + T cells were characterized by zonation toward necrotic regions and an activated gene expression signature. In murine acetaminophen-induced liver injury, intravital microscopy revealed zonation of CD8 + but not CD4 + T cells at necrotic areas. Gene expression analysis exposed upregulated C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and its ligand CCL21 in the liver as well as a broadly activated phenotype of hepatic CD8 + T cells. In 2 mouse models of ALF, Ccr7-/- mice had significantly aggravated early-phase liver damage. Functionally, CCR7 was not involved in the recruitment of CD8 + T cells, but regulated their activation profile potentially through egress to lymphatics. Ccr7-/- CD8 + T cells were characterized by elevated expression of activation, effector, and exhaustion profiles. Adoptive transfer revealed preferential homing of CCR7-deficient CD8 + T cells to the liver, and depletion of CD8 + T cells attenuated liver damage in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the involvement of the adaptive immune system in ALF in humans and mice. We identify the CCR7-CCL21 axis as an important regulatory pathway, providing downstream protection against T cell-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Niemietz
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Peiseler
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlene Kohlhepp
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Horn
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kylie Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leon Haas
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alix Bruneau
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hilmar Berger
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Liepelt
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Warzecha
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Catharina Demske
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Möckel
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Neil Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Heymann
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Philipp J, Dabkowska A, Reiser A, Frank K, Krzysztoń R, Brummer C, Nickel B, Blanchet CE, Sudarsan A, Ibrahim M, Johansson S, Skantze P, Skantze U, Östman S, Johansson M, Henderson N, Elvevold K, Smedsrød B, Schwierz N, Lindfors L, Rädler JO. pH-dependent structural transitions in cationic ionizable lipid mesophases are critical for lipid nanoparticle function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310491120. [PMID: 38055742 PMCID: PMC10723131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310491120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are advanced core-shell particles for messenger RNA (mRNA) based therapies that are made of polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid, distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), cationic ionizable lipid (CIL), cholesterol (chol), and mRNA. Yet the mechanism of pH-dependent response that is believed to cause endosomal release of LNPs is not well understood. Here, we show that eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) protein expression in the mouse liver mediated by the ionizable lipids DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3), DLin-KC2-DMA (KC2), and DLinDMA (DD) ranks MC3 ≥ KC2 > DD despite similar delivery of mRNA per cell in all cell fractions isolated. We hypothesize that the three CIL-LNPs react differently to pH changes and hence study the structure of CIL/chol bulk phases in water. Using synchrotron X-ray scattering a sequence of ordered CIL/chol mesophases with lowering pH values are observed. These phases show isotropic inverse micellar, cubic Fd3m inverse micellar, inverse hexagonal [Formula: see text] and bicontinuous cubic Pn3m symmetry. If polyadenylic acid, as mRNA surrogate, is added to CIL/chol, excess lipid coexists with a condensed nucleic acid lipid [Formula: see text] phase. The next-neighbor distance in the excess phase shows a discontinuity at the Fd3m inverse micellar to inverse hexagonal [Formula: see text] transition occurring at pH 6 with distinctly larger spacing and hydration for DD vs. MC3 and KC2. In mRNA LNPs, DD showed larger internal spacing, as well as retarded onset and reduced level of DD-LNP-mediated eGFP expression in vitro compared to MC3 and KC2. Our data suggest that the pH-driven Fd3m-[Formula: see text] transition in bulk phases is a hallmark of CIL-specific differences in mRNA LNP efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Philipp
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich80539, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Dabkowska
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Mölndal431 83, Sweden
| | - Anita Reiser
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich80539, Germany
| | - Kilian Frank
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich80539, Germany
| | - Rafał Krzysztoń
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich80539, Germany
| | - Christiane Brummer
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich80539, Germany
| | - Bert Nickel
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich80539, Germany
| | - Clement E. Blanchet
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg22607, Germany
| | - Akhil Sudarsan
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg86159, Germany
| | - Mohd Ibrahim
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg86159, Germany
| | - Svante Johansson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Mölndal431 83, Sweden
| | - Pia Skantze
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Mölndal431 83, Sweden
| | - Urban Skantze
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Mölndal431 83, Sweden
| | - Sofia Östman
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Mölndal431 83, Sweden
| | - Marie Johansson
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Mölndal431 83, Sweden
| | - Neil Henderson
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Mölndal431 83, Sweden
| | | | - Bård Smedsrød
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø9019, Norway
| | - Nadine Schwierz
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg86159, Germany
| | - Lennart Lindfors
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Mölndal431 83, Sweden
| | - Joachim O. Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich80539, Germany
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3
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Sumner G, Keller S, Huleatt J, Staack RF, Wagner L, Azadeh M, Bandukwala A, Cao L, Du X, Salinas GF, Garofolo F, Harris S, Hopper S, Irwin C, Ji Q, Joseph J, King L, Kinhikar A, Lu Y, Luo R, Mabrouk O, Malvaux L, Marshall JC, McGuire K, Mikol V, Neely R, Qiu X, Saito Y, Salaun B, Scully I, Smeraglia J, Solstad T, Stoop J, Tang H, Teixeira P, Wang Y, Wright M, Mendez L, Beaver C, Eacret J, Au-Yeung A, Decman V, Dessy F, Eck S, Goihberg P, Alcaide EG, Gonneau C, Grugan K, Hedrick MN, Kar S, Sehra S, Stevens E, Stevens C, Sun Y, McCush F, Williams L, Fischer S, Wu B, Jordan G, Burns C, Cludts I, Coble K, Grimaldi C, Henderson N, Joyce A, Lotz G, Lu Y, Luo L, Neff F, Sperinde G, Stubenrauch KG, Wang Y, Ware M, Xu W. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Enzyme Assay Validation, BAV for Primary End Points, Vaccine Functional Assays, Cytometry in Tissue, LBA in Rare Matrices, Complex NAb Assays, Spectral Cytometry, Endogenous Analytes, Extracellular Vesicles Part 2 - Recommendations on Biomarkers/CDx, Flow Cytometry, Ligand-Binding Assays Development & Validation; Emerging Technologies; Critical Reagents Deep Characterization. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:861-903. [PMID: 37584363 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (16th WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 2) covers the recommendations on LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry. Part 1 (Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 16 and 14 (2023), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland F Staack
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Ji
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yang Lu
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Priscila Teixeira
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Yixin Wang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregor Jordan
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil Henderson
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gregor Lotz
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Neff
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
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4
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Pan L, Mora J, Walravens K, Wagner L, Hopper S, Loo L, Bettoun D, Bond S, Dessy F, Downing S, Garofolo F, Gupta S, Henderson N, Irwin C, Ishii-Watabe A, Kar S, Jawa V, Joseph J, Malvaux L, Marshall JC, McDevitt J, Mohapatra S, Seitzer J, Smith J, Solstad T, Sugimoto H, Tounekti O, Wu B, Wu Y, Xu Y, Xu J, Yamamoto T, Yang L, Torri A, Kirshner S, Maxfield K, Vasconcelos JP, Abhari MR, Verthelyi D, Brodsky E, Carrasco-Triguero M, Kamerud J, Andisik M, Baltrukonis D, Bivi N, Cludts I, Coble K, Gorovits B, Gunn GR, Gupta S, Millner AH, Joyce A, Kubiak RJ, Kumar S, Liao K, Manangeeswaran M, Partridge M, Pine S, Poetzl J, Rajadhyaksha M, Rasamoelisolo M, Richards S, Song Y, Swanson S, Thacker S, Wadhwa M, Wolf A, Zhang L, Zhou L. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: FDA Draft Guidance on Immunogenicity Information in Prescription Drug Labeling, LNP & Viral Vectors Therapeutics/Vaccines Immunogenicity, Prolongation Effect, ADA Affinity, Risk-based Approaches, NGS, qPCR, ddPCR Assays ( Part 3 - Recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccines Immunogenicity & Technologies; Immunogenicity & Risk Assessment of Biotherapeutics and Novel Modalities; NAb Assays Integrated Approach). Bioanalysis 2023; 15:773-814. [PMID: 37526071 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2022 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers the recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity. Part 1 (Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10) and Part 2 (LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 16 and 15 (2023), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vibha Jawa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Song
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Joshi RJ, AlOtaibi N, Naudi K, Henderson N, Benington P, Ayoub A. Pattern of pterygomaxillary disarticulation associated with Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 60:1411-1416. [PMID: 36175216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pterygomaxillary disarticulation (PMD) contributes to surgical complications of Le Fort 1 osteotomy and is associated with undesirable fractures of the pterygoid plates. The aim of this paper was to investigate the patterns of PMD in Le Fort I osteotomies using Rowe's disimpaction forceps, and to evaluate correlations with age and anatomical measurements. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 70 consecutive orthognathic patients were retrospectively evaluated to study four patterns of PMD: Type 1 - PMD at, or anterior to, the pterygomaxillary junction (PMJ); Type 2 - PMD posterior to the PMJ; Type 3 - PMJ separation with comminuted fracture of the pterygoid plates; Type 4 - disarticulation of the maxilla involving the pterygoid plates above the level of the osteotomy line. The preoperative anteroposterior and mediolateral thicknesses of the PMJ and the length of the medial and lateral pterygoid plates were assessed. Satisfactory PMD was achieved in all cases and no severe complications were reported, including vascular, dental, mucosal, or neural damage. The most common PMD was Type 1 (54.3%), followed by Type 2 (40%). Comminuted fracture of the pterygoid plates was limited to 5.7% of cases, and no Type 4 was detected. A weak correlation was detected between PMJ thickness and PMD pattern (p = 0.04). No statistically significant correlation was detected between patients' age and type of PMD. PMD of Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy using a Smith spreader and Rowe's disimpaction forceps proved safe, with minimal damage to the pterygoid plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi J Joshi
- Glasgow University Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Noura AlOtaibi
- Glasgow University Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kurt Naudi
- Glasgow University Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Henderson
- Glasgow University Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Benington
- Glasgow University Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ashraf Ayoub
- Glasgow University Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom.
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Yin S, Mayr U, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Lin WY, Catibog N, Fava M, Yin X, Schmidt L, Baig F, Lu R, Duregotti E, Reed E, Barton A, Bing R, Markose D, Shah A, Theofilatos K, Dweck M, Henderson N, Radovits T, Merkely B, Mayr M. Proteoglycan remodelling in aortic stenosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Christy P, Crotts S, Connell S, Lensing M, Ortolan L, Henderson N, Bai X, Jabbari A. 051 Exogenous IL-27 prevents disease induction in murine alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Howard R, Selwyn V, Beezhold J, Henderson N, Gilmore R, Bartolome I. How are medical schools supporting student’s mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic? Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9566832 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted medical students in many ways. They are not exempt from personal struggles caused by the health crisis, and many have faced similar challenges adapting to a new learning experience. The University of East Anglia (UEA) has initiatives in place to support medical students including the society Headucate UEA and the Wellbeing Champions scheme established by Norwich Medical School (NMS).
Objectives
Headucate aims to improve mental wellbeing by educational online webinars and social events aimed at university students. NMS Wellbeing Champions offer support and signpost students to resources and the wider student support system at the UEA.
Methods
Headucate was established in 2012 by NMS students that began running workshops at local secondary schools. Their work has expanded to include wellbeing workshops, social events for students and mental health first aid training, so members can provide peer support. Wellbeing Champions are medical student representatives responsible for completing mental health first aid training, communication between students and faculty, providing resources and signposting, creating mental health bulletin newsletters, and running socials exclusively for medical students.
Results
100% of Headucate workshop attendees who completed anonymous feedback agreed that they enjoyed it and that it was useful. No feedback has been collected regarding the success of the Wellbeing Champions. This should be carried out to assess and enhance the project further.
Conclusions
More data is needed to establish the success of the initiatives at NMS and their impact on medical student’s wellbeing.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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Selwyn V, Beezhold J, Gilmore R, Howard R, Bartolome I, Henderson N. The Success of Headucate: The Student-Led Mental Health Society. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9562934 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Headucate: University of East Anglia, a university student-led society, was founded almost 10 years ago by medical students to promote mental health education and raise awareness and funds for mental health causes.
Objectives
Headucate aims to spread mental health awareness and reduce stigma by working with schools, universities, other societies and charities internationally.
Methods
Headucate delivers workshops for children aged 4-18 in primary and secondary schools, community and youth groups and university students. These sessions were delivered in-person pre-COVID and online as interactive webinars since 2020, to spark discussion around mental health, and provide information about the variety of supports available for young people.
Results
In the past decade, Headucate UEA has grown to become one of UEA’s largest student-led groups boasting over 175 members in 2020-2021 from all courses. Within the online world, Headucate’s events have reached worldwide. The initiative has received national recognition, won national student awards and has expanded to set up three further Headucate branches nationwide. Outreach has accelerated and the school workshops reached over 1,000 students in the past year.
Conclusions
Headucate has grown from strength to strength and has plans to continue to develop, with passionate student drivers behind the project. Expansion of the project could include a national mental health university directory, bringing together like-minded mental health advocate students around the country and creating new Headucate branches across the country. To further develop, Headucate could expand outreach to the elderly community as discussed by previous committee.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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Abstract
Introduction
TikTok is a free mobile application, that enables users to create short videos. TikTok has an estimated one billion monthly active users, comprised of a mostly younger audience. There has been a noticed rise in content discussing ADHD – hashtag ADHD on TikTok has 6.3 billion views. The discussions continue on Twitter, where users are reporting watching TikTok content explaining ADHD symptomatology, subsequently relating to the condition and requesting referrals to specialist psychiatry services. This study aims to identify key themes in discussions around TikTok and ADHD, and its ramifications. Objectives This study’s objective is to discuss the relationship between viewing ADHD content of TikTok and self-diagnoses of ADHD in young people. Methods In our study, Twitter posts were identified with the words ‘ADHD’ and ‘TikTok’ and established key themes relating to self-diagnosis of ADHD. Results Numerous tweets were found discussing individual’s experiences of self-diagnosis of ADHD after watching TikTok videos and relating with the symptomology. Furthermore, many users discussed their efforts to seek diagnosis from psychiatrists. These posts highlighted positive discussion of mental health, and the improvement in quality of life since diagnosis. Conclusions Many young people are self-diagnosing ADHD after viewing TikTok videos. This may improve mental health stigma, however the expertise of the video creators should be scrutinised. Furthermore, the impact on already stretched waiting lists should be considered, with individuals who’s perceived ADHD traits are not impacting on their quality of life. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Bartolome I, Beezhold J, Selwyn V, Gilmore R, Howard R, Henderson N. The impact of COVID-19 on mental health charity fundraising: An account from the perspective of fundraisers. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567793 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The dawn of COVID-19 brought new rules, restrictions, and lockdowns but this led to the unlikely fall of many sectors, including the charitable sector. There has been a significant decline in funding received by mental health charities, especially during the pandemic. This study looks at the subsequent impact on fundraisers and mental health promotion during COVID-19. Objectives The main aim was to uncover how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way that mental health charities fundraise, raise awareness, and promote mental health. This aimed to look at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fundraisers supporting mental health charities and their opinion on whether fundraising has either helped or hindered mental health promotion. Methods Accounts from fundraisers and local representatives for mental health charities during the COVID-19 pandemic were analysed. Common themes looked at the impact, adaptation, and reasons why fundraisers decided to help during a tough period for the charitable sector. Results Mental health charities expressed difficulty in sourcing funds to support their users, especially in a vulnerable time. Fundraisers tried innovative ways to promote mental health and raise money for charities. Conclusions Altruism and understanding how precious services such as mental health charities are for the population was the main driver for fundraisers. Mental health charities adapted by turning to online communication and reached out to fundraisers to continually highlight the importance of mental health to their users and fundraisers. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Henderson N, Selwyn V, Beezhold J, Howard R, Gilmore R, Bartolome I. The impact of Gender Identity Clinic waiting times on the mental health of transitioning individuals. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567995 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Waiting times for gender identity services, even before the Covid-19 pandemic, have been a cause of concern. Despite the waiting time standard for planned elective care in the NHS being a maximum of 18 weeks, the average waiting time for a first appointment with a gender identity clinic is 18 months. This study aims to analyse the effect that these timings have on the transgender community, and whether they impact the risk of developing mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety.
Objectives
This study’s main aim is to analyse the correlation between waiting times and mental health burden in the transgender community.
Methods
A literature review and analysis on a transgender individual’s mental health and waiting times for Gender Identity Clinics; looking at any key themes and conclusions. Research papers were taken from MEDLINE, The International Journal of Transgender Health, Oxford Academic, SpringerLink and Emerald Insight, with studies publishing date ranging from 2014 – 2021.
Results
The transgender population were found to have higher rates of suicidal ideation, depression and self harm compared to the general population. Longer waiting times were found to contribute to feelings of low mood and suicidal ideation, as well as decreasing overall quality of life.
Conclusions
Longer waiting times can decrease a transgender individual’s quality of life and impact their overall mental wellbeing: especially with the impact of COVID-19 and the rise in referrals.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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Henderson N, Selwyn V, Howard R, Bartolome I. Taking Mental Health into Schools: The work of Headucate Student Society. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9563829 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Headucate: University of East Anglia (UEA) is a student-led organisation aiming to raise awareness around Mental Health through their workshops and events. Events in the last year have included a 24-hour live stream TV fundraiser, UEA’s first Psychiatry and Mental Health conference, a mental health themed stand-up show, mental health assistance workshops, a suicide prevention evening and a variety of panels. Headucate has also collaborated with Beat, the UK’s leading eating disorder charity, to run training aimed at Norwich Medical School students, other healthcare students and Professionals. Headucate provides opportunities for their members, including research, education within the medical community, organising group projects, hosting poster competitions and by collaborating with likeminded initiatives. Workshops were designed to include common mental health conditions; wellbeing; advice regarding looking after yourself and others; ways to get for support and the impact of COVID-19 on our mental health. They are arranged and delivered by our members to school children and university students; they have been adapted to an online platform, which allowed us to reach a wider audience. Outcome measures demonstrating the impact of Headucate’s work were analysed via verbal, written and rated feedback, obtained from participants of workshops and events. Headucate workshops can help to improve mental health awareness and education in schools; however, it is only a local initiative. To educate schools outside of Norfolk, Headucate’s repeatable model can be used to create new branches of organisations that can spread nationwide; so mental health education in schools can be promoted across the UK.
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Hoffmann S, Mullins L, Rider S, Brown C, Buckley CB, Assmus A, Li Z, Sierra Beltran M, Henderson N, Del Pozo J, De Goes Martini A, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA, Mullins J. Comparative Studies of Renin-Null Zebrafish and Mice Provide New Functional Insights. Hypertension 2022; 79:e56-e66. [PMID: 35000430 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system is highly conserved across vertebrates, including zebrafish, which possess orthologous genes coding for renin-angiotensin system proteins, and specialized mural cells of the kidney arterioles, capable of synthesising and secreting renin. METHODS We generated zebrafish with CRISPR-Cas9-targeted knockout of renin (ren-/-) to investigate renin function in a low blood pressure environment. We used single-cell (10×) RNA sequencing analysis to compare the transcriptome profiles of renin lineage cells from mesonephric kidneys of ren-/- with ren+/+ zebrafish and with the metanephric kidneys of Ren1c-/- and Ren1c+/+ mice. RESULTS The ren-/- larvae exhibited delays in larval growth, glomerular fusion and appearance of a swim bladder, but were viable and withstood low salinity during early larval stages. Optogenetic ablation of renin-expressing cells, located at the anterior mesenteric artery of 3-day-old larvae, caused a loss of tone, due to diminished contractility. The ren-/- mesonephric kidney exhibited vacuolated cells in the proximal tubule, which were also observed in Ren1c-/- mouse kidney. Fluorescent reporters for renin and smooth muscle actin (tg(ren:LifeAct-RFP; acta2:EGFP)), revealed a dramatic recruitment of renin lineage cells along the renal vasculature of adult ren-/- fish, suggesting a continued requirement for renin, in the absence of detectable angiotensin metabolites, as seen in the Ren1YFP Ren1c-/- mouse. Both phenotypes were rescued by alleles lacking the potential for glycosylation at exon 2, suggesting that glycosylation is not essential for normal physiological function. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic similarities and transcriptional variations between mouse and zebrafish renin knockouts suggests evolution of renin cell function with terrestrial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Hoffmann
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Rider
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Now with DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Switzerland (S.R.)
| | - Cara Brown
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte B Buckley
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Now with Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom (C.B.B.)
| | - Adrienne Assmus
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ziwen Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Sierra Beltran
- Centre for Inflammation Research (M.S.B., N.H.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research (M.S.B., N.H.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (N.H.)
| | - Jorge Del Pozo
- Veterinary Pathology, Royal (Dick)School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, United Kingdom (J.d.P.)
| | - Alexandre De Goes Martini
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.D.G.M., M.L.S.S.-L., R.A.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa S Sequeira-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.D.G.M., M.L.S.S.-L., R.A.G.)
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.D.G.M., M.L.S.S.-L., R.A.G.)
| | - John Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Crisan M, da bandeira DS, Kilpatrick A, Marques M, Gomez-salazar M, Ventura T, Gonzalez Z, Stefancova D, Rossi F, Vink C, Beltran M, Henderson N, Jung B, Van Der Linden R, Werken HVD, Van IJcken W, Betsholtz C, Forbes S, Cuervo H. 3060 – PDGFRΒ+ CELLS PLAY A DUAL ROLE AS HEMATOPOIETIC PRECURSORS AND NICHE CELLS DURING MOUSE ONTOGENY. Exp Hematol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Crisan M, Gonzalez Z, Kilpatrick A, marques M, da bandeira DS, Ventura T, Gomez-salazar M, Bouilleau L, Marc Y, barbosa A, Rossi F, Beltran M, Henderson N, van de Werken H, van IJken W, Forbes S. 3059 – VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS EXPRESSING RUNX1 CONTROL HEMATOPOIESIS BY MODULATING EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPOSITION IN THE MOUSE EMBRYO. Exp Hematol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Van Kuijk K, Mccracken I, Tillie R, Schreur RW, Taylor R, Dobie R, Temmerman L, Ramachamdran P, Noels H, Owens G, Jin H, Wilson-Kanamori J, Mees B, Biessen E, Henderson N, Baker A, Sluimer J. Single cell sequencing reveals fibroblast heterogeneity in healthy and diseased vasculature. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Connell S, Crotts S, Christy P, Ortolan L, Henderson N, Jabbari A. 020 Induction of hair loss by expanded CD4 T cells from previously affected AA mice. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Dave M, Barry S, Henderson N, Loughlin A, Walker E, Davies J. Evaluating compliance of dental radiography for paediatric patient assessment in specialised tertiary care units: a United Kingdom multi-centre survey. Br Dent J 2021; 229:184-189. [PMID: 32811946 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this survey was to determine compliance towards dental radiography selection criteria for paediatric patients undergoing new patient examinations in specialised tertiary care centres in the United Kingdom.Methods Five university-associated dental hospitals were included in this study. Retrospective data was collected reviewing all paediatric patients on the new patient assessment clinics, where dental imaging was requested or the patient had relevant previous imaging. Data was collected from 28 June 2018, continuing retrospectively for a maximum of six months or until 150 patients were reached. Patients referred solely for orthodontic assessment were excluded.Results Seven hundred and fifty patients were included with an average age of eight years - 95.5% of patients had a radiographic justification provided. All patients were grouped into 56 disease categories and a total range of one cross-sectional and nine planar radiographs were prescribed in this cohort. Each radiograph was assessed for compliance to the Faculty of General Dental Practice, European Association of Paediatric Dentistry and national Italian guidelines for dental diagnostic imaging. Additionally, selection criteria for CBCT scans were taken from SEDENTEXCT guidelines. Full panoramic radiographs were the most commonly prescribed at 34.8% (n = 261). However, this demonstrated the lowest compliance rate as per selection criteria at 75.9%. This was due to referrers requesting radiographs primarily for assessing dental development (18.8%; n = 49) and caries assessment (2.7%; n = 7). Other radiograph formats demonstrated varying levels of guideline compliance ranging from 93.5-100%.Conclusion This study identifies common radiograph request errors and can inform paediatric clinicians to improve compliance to guidelines and reduce radiation exposure to young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Dave
- NIHR Academic Clinical Fellow in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Siobhan Barry
- Professor and Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry and Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Neil Henderson
- Specialty Trainee in Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Radiology Department, Level 3, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK
| | - Amanda Loughlin
- Specialty Trainee in Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Dental Radiology, Guy's Hospital, Floor 23, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Edward Walker
- Specialty Trainee in Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Dental Radiology, Leeds Dental Institute, The Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Consultant in Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Dental Radiology, Guy's Hospital, Floor 23, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Abstract
There is an almost complete dearth of research on the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) elders in South Africa. This study was a qualitative exploration through focus group discussions of the lived experiences of 22 LGBT people over 50 years of age in the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces of South Africa. Given high levels of poverty and inequality in South Africa, findings from a thematic analysis of participants’ narratives foregrounded surprisingly strong themes of inclusion and belonging despite the structural challenges faced by many in South Africa. While narratives of marginalization and exclusion were present, these were juxtaposed with reports of belonging and inclusion in families, communities, through friendship networks, and in health care. Findings indicate that, while experiences of homophobia and transphobia are real among LGBT elders in South Africa, participants experience agency, support, and relatively high reported levels of social belonging as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Reygan
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Joshi SS, Henderson N, Griffith DJ, Henriksen PA, Denvir MA, Macsween KF, Mackintosh CL, Inverarity D. Staphylococcus Aureus Endocarditis associated with Injecting New Psychoactive Substances. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2018; 48:304-310. [DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2018.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE) associated with injection of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in Edinburgh from 2014 to 2016 was observed. We compared these infections with a series of S. aureus IE cases in a non-injecting population within Edinburgh. Methods NPS-associated S. aureus IE diagnosed between 1 January 2014 and 31 May 2016 in persons who inject drugs (PWID) were compared with a series of S. aureus IE cases from non-PWID. Results There was a fourfold increase in the annual incidence of S. aureus IE, mainly due to NPS use in PWID. A larger vegetation diameter was seen on echocardiogram in PWID vs non-PWID (median 1.7 cm vs 0.65 cm; p = 0.009) with more embolic complications in PWID (15 PWID vs 1 non-PWID; p = 2.1 x 10-7) but no difference in 90-day mortality (2 PWID vs 4 non-PWID; p = 0.39). Conclusions NPS-associated S. aureus IE correlated with complications, such as deep organ embolic abscesses, that were different from non-PWID S. aureus IE. The alarming increase in incidence resolved with targeted public health and legislative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- SS Joshi
- Cardiology Registrar, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Henderson
- Microbiology Registrar, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - DJ Griffith
- Consultant Microbiologist, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - PA Henriksen
- Consultant Cardiologist, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - MA Denvir
- Consultant Cardiologist, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - KF Macsween
- Consultant Microbiologist, St John's Hospital, Livingston, UK
| | - CL Mackintosh
- Consultant in Infectious Diseases, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Inverarity
- Consultant Microbiologist, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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Chauhan A, Lalor T, Watson S, Adams D, Farrah TE, Anand A, Kimmitt R, Mills NL, Webb DJ, Dhaun N, Kalla R, Adams A, Vatn S, Bonfliglio F, Nimmo E, Kennedy N, Ventham N, Vatn M, Ricanek P, Halfvarson J, Soderhollm J, Pierik M, Torkvist L, Gomollon F, Gut I, Jahnsen J, Satsangi J, Body R, Almashali M, McDowell G, Taylor P, Lacey A, Rees A, Dayan C, Lazarus J, Nelson S, Okosieme O, Corcoran D, Young R, Ciadella P, McCartney P, Bajrangee A, Hennigan B, Collison D, Carrick D, Shaukat A, Good R, Watkins S, McEntegart M, Watt J, Welsh P, Sattar N, McConnachie A, Oldroyd K, Berry C, Parks T, Auckland K, Mentzer AJ, Kado J, Mirabel MM, Kauwe JK, Robson KJ, Mittal B, Steer AC, Hill AVS, Akbar M, Forrester M, Virlan AT, Gilmour A, Wallace C, Paterson C, Reid D, Siebert S, Porter D, Liversidge J, McInnes I, Goodyear C, Athwal V, Pritchett J, Zaitoun A, Irving W, Guha IN, Hanley NA, Hanley KP, Briggs T, Reynolds J, Rice G, Bondet V, Bruce E, Crow Y, Duffy D, Parker B, Bruce I, Martin K, Pritchett J, Aoibheann Mullan M, Llewellyn J, Athwal V, Zeef L, Farrow S, Streuli C, Henderson N, Friedman S, Hanley N, Hanley KP. Scientific Business Abstracts of the 112th Annual Meeting of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland. QJM 2018; 111:920-924. [PMID: 31222346 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Lalor
- From the University of Birmingham
| | - S Watson
- From the University of Birmingham
| | - D Adams
- From the University of Birmingham
| | - T E Farrah
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - A Anand
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - R Kimmitt
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - N L Mills
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - D J Webb
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - N Dhaun
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - R Kalla
- From the University of Edinburgh
| | - A Adams
- From the University of Edinburgh
| | - S Vatn
- Akerhshus University Hospital
| | | | - E Nimmo
- From the University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Pierik
- Maastricht University Medical Centre
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R Body
- From the University of Manchester
| | - M Almashali
- Manchester University Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - A Rees
- From the Cardiff University
| | | | | | | | | | - D Corcoran
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - R Young
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow
| | - P Ciadella
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - P McCartney
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - A Bajrangee
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - B Hennigan
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - D Collison
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - D Carrick
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - A Shaukat
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - R Good
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - S Watkins
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - M McEntegart
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - J Watt
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - P Welsh
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - N Sattar
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - A McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow
| | - K Oldroyd
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - C Berry
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - T Parks
- From the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- University of Oxford
| | | | | | - J Kado
- Fiji Islands Ministry of Health and Medical Services
| | - M M Mirabel
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research
| | | | | | - B Mittal
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
| | - A C Steer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute
| | | | - M Akbar
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - M Forrester
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - A T Virlan
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - A Gilmour
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - C Wallace
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - C Paterson
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - D Reid
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - S Siebert
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - D Porter
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - J Liversidge
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - I McInnes
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - C Goodyear
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - V Athwal
- From the Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust
- University of Manchester
| | | | | | | | | | - N A Hanley
- From the Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust
- University of Manchester
| | | | - T Briggs
- From the Manchester Centre of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester
| | - J Reynolds
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - G Rice
- From the Manchester Centre of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester
| | - V Bondet
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur
| | - E Bruce
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - Y Crow
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine
| | - D Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur
| | - B Parker
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - I Bruce
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - K Martin
- From the University of Manchester
| | | | | | | | - V Athwal
- From the University of Manchester
| | - L Zeef
- From the University of Manchester
| | - S Farrow
- From the University of Manchester
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline
| | | | | | | | - N Hanley
- From the University of Manchester
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Moug SJ, Henderson N, Tiernan J, Bisset CN, Ferguson E, Harji D, Maxwell-Armstrong C, MacDermid E, Acheson AG, Steele RJC, Fearnhead NS. The colorectal surgeon's personality may influence the rectal anastomotic decision. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:970-980. [PMID: 29904991 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal surgeons regularly make the decision to anastomose, defunction or form an end colostomy when performing rectal surgery. This study aimed to define personality traits of colorectal surgeons and explore any influence of such traits on the decision to perform a rectal anastomosis. METHOD Fifty attendees of The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2016 Conference participated. After written consent, all underwent personality testing: alexithymia (inability to understand emotions), type of thinking process (intuitive versus rational) and personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, emotional stability, conscientiousness). Questions were answered regarding anastomotic decisions in various clinical scenarios and results analysed to reveal any influence of the surgeon's personality on anastomotic decision. RESULTS Participants were: male (86%), consultants (84%) and based in England (68%). Alexithymia was low (4%) with 81% displaying intuitive thinking (reflex, fast). Participants scored higher in emotional stability (ability to remain calm) and conscientiousness (organized, methodical) compared with population norms. Personality traits influenced the next anastomotic decision if: surgeons had recently received criticism at a departmental audit meeting; were operating with an anaesthetist that was not their regular one; or there had been no anastomotic leaks in their patients for over 1 year. CONCLUSION Colorectal surgeons have speciality relevant personalities that potentially influence the important decision to anastomose and could explain the variation in surgical practice across the UK. Future work should explore these findings in other countries and any link of personality traits to patient-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Moug
- Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - J Tiernan
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - E Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Harji
- Health Education North East, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Maxwell-Armstrong
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E MacDermid
- New South Wales Health, North Sydney, Australia
| | - A G Acheson
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - N S Fearnhead
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Balendran CA, Henderson N, Olsson M, Lövgren A, Hansson KM. Preclinical evaluation of point-of-care prothrombin time as a biomarker test to guide prothrombin replacement therapy in coagulopathic bleeding. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2017; 1:252-258. [PMID: 30046694 PMCID: PMC6058266 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhage is still a common cause of death in trauma. Central lab measured prothrombin time (lab PT) is predictive of low prothrombin concentration and clinical outcome in trauma patients, however, treatment guidance is limited by slow turnaround times. Here, we have preclinically evaluated the potential of a point-of-care prothrombin time test (POC PT) as a faster alternative to identify patients with low prothrombin concentration. METHODS Human whole blood was serially diluted and prothrombin time measured by POC PT (CoaguChek XS Pro, Roche) and lab PT. Recombinant human prothrombin (MEDI8111) was added to human whole blood with or without depletion of prothrombin by pretreatment with prothrombin neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS There was no observable difference in the sensitivity of either test to dilution at blood volumes of 60-100%. At blood volumes of ≤55% (equivalent to 47 mg/L prothrombin), PT sharply increased, with greater dilutional sensitivity observed in the POC test. Both tests were insensitive to prothrombin up to 194 mg/L added MEDI8111 (equivalent to 328 mg/L prothrombin versus endogenous concentration of 129 mg/L). Depletion of endogenous prothrombin inversely correlated with an increase in PT which returned to baseline following addition of 97 mg/L MEDI8111 or above. Both assays correlated well above 48.5 mg/L added MEDI8111 (65.9 mg/L prothrombin). CONCLUSIONS Our data supports that POC PT tests, such as the CoaguChek XS Pro, are fit for purpose to confirm a coagulopathic threshold for prothrombin and provide a fast, simple, and mobile method to guide MEDI8111 therapy in bleeding trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare A. Balendran
- Personalised Healthcare & BiomarkersInnovative Medicines and Early Biotech UnitAstraZenecaMölndalSweden
| | - Neil Henderson
- Personalised Healthcare & BiomarkersInnovative Medicines and Early Biotech UnitAstraZenecaMölndalSweden
| | - Marita Olsson
- Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech UnitAstraZenecaMölndalSweden
| | | | - Kenny M. Hansson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic DiseasesInnovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech UnitAstraZenecaMölndalSweden
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Russell M, Prokoph N, Henderson N, Eketjäll S, Balendran CA, Michaëlsson E, Fidock M, Hughes G. Determining myeloperoxidase activity and protein concentration in a single assay: Utility in biomarker and therapeutic studies. J Immunol Methods 2017; 449:76-79. [PMID: 28713008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is predominantly expressed by neutrophils and is an important enzyme used by the immune system for the neutralisation of bacteria and other microorganisms. The strong oxidative activity of MPO has been linked to pro-inflammatory responses in surrounding cells and tissues with implication in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular, neuroscience and inflammatory diseases. This broad disease association has made MPO an attractive biomarker and therapeutic target. Here we describe the construction and validation of a single combined MPO activity and protein concentration assay using commercially available reagents. This method offers the investigative laboratory the ability to generate results from blood plasma samples in a single analytical run using the same sample aliquot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muir Russell
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Prokoph
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Henderson
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Eketjäll
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, United Kingdom
| | - Clare A Balendran
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Fidock
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, United Kingdom
| | - Glen Hughes
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
It seems politics invades everything. We can rarely think of any activity, any building, any human-to-human interaction and not see some political dimension infiltrating and shaping it. And this very interpretation, in its language of invasion and infiltration, implies that politics’ ubiquity is not necessarily a wanted accomplice in our human world. Nonetheless, its presence is expected, its strategic intentions acknowledged and negotiated.What is interesting is that persona—at least as it has been explored and defined in Persona Studies so far—always has a political dimension. It has been identified as a strategic identity, a form of negotiation of the individual in their foray into a collective world of the social (Marshall and Barbour). Persona is a fabricated reconstruction of the individual that is used to play a role that both helps the individual navigate their presence and interactions with others and helps the collective to position the role of the individual in the social. Persona is imbued with politics at its core.In this issue of Persona Studies, we explore political persona, a characterisation roiled in redundancy if our definitions above are adopted. The essays gathered in this collection debate these definitional affinities, and augment and nuance many other dimensions that help delineate what constitutes political persona. In this introductory essay, we will use the collected work on political persona that is developed in this issue to better define political persona. But before we evaluate and identify the intersections of our contributors’ work, we want to begin our exploration with what makes political persona constitutively different today than in the past. Can we identify through some of the most prominent political personas—Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and Bernie Sanders in the United States’ 2016 Presidential campaign, for example—and through a study of a major political event—Brexit in 2016 in the U.K.—whether something has shifted and changed in these cultures?
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Randall K, Henderson N, Reens J, Eckersley S, Nyström AC, South MC, Balendran CA, Böttcher G, Hughes G, Price SA. Claudin-2 Expression Levels in Ulcerative Colitis: Development and Validation of an In-Situ Hybridisation Assay for Therapeutic Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162076. [PMID: 27598247 PMCID: PMC5012586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon and is characterized by epithelial damage and barrier dysfunction. Upregulation of the tight junction protein claudin-2 by cytokines is hypothesized to contribute to the dysregulation of the epithelial barrier. New therapeutic agents which block the action of cytokines are being investigated in patients with ulcerative colitis. In order to understand the potential of these therapies, it is important to have reliable assays that can assess downstream endpoints that reflect drug mechanism of action. The aim of the current study was therefore to establish & validate an assay to reproducibly assess the expression and distribution of claudin-2 in human colon biopsy samples. Initially, the potential to measure claudin-2 protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was investigated. To identify suitable reagents to develop an IHC assay, pre-established criteria were used to screen five commercial antibodies by Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry on claudin-2 positive and negative cells and healthy and ulcerative colitis colon tissue. Despite some of these antibodies specifically detecting claudin-2 using some of these techniques, none of the antibodies showed the expected specific staining pattern in formalin fixed human colon samples. As an alternative method to detect claudin-2 expression and distribution in formalin fixed biopsy sections, an in situ hybridization assay was developed. This assay underwent a novel tiered approach of validation to establish that it was fit-for-purpose, and suitable for clinical deployment. In addition, to understand the possible relationship of claudin-2 in the context of disease severity, expression was compared to the Geboes score. Overall, the microscopical Geboes score correlated with the claudin-2 biomarker score for samples that retained crypt morphology; samples with the highest Geboes score were not specifically distinguished, probably due to crypt destruction. In summary, we have applied a strategy for identifying target-specific antibodies in formalin fixed biopsy samples and highlighted that (published) antibodies may not correctly identify the intended antigen in tissues fixed using this method. Furthermore, we have developed and, for the first time, validated an in situ hybridization assay for detection of claudin-2 mRNA, suitable for use as a supportative method in clinical trials. Using our validated assay, we have demonstrated that increased claudin-2 expression correlates with the severity of ulcerative colitis, where crypt destruction is not seen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Glen Hughes
- AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, United Kingdom
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Abstract
This qualitative study, which employed a semi-structured guide with in-depth interviews, examines how gay men construct a gay identity and have relationships within a heteronormative society in the Cape Metropole, South Africa. Data were collected via an MP3 player and each interview was transcribed and analysed using content analysis. The sample distribution included 15 gay men aged between 20 to 46 years. Of these, 12 participants were black (six coloured, three Indian, three African) and three were white. The study examined to what extent unequal power relations and forms of abuse are reported in current practices of gay male relationships. In this article, I will unpack how the intersection of class, age, and other forms of social inequality facilitate abuse before examining how abusive experiences reported emerged out of heteronormative stereotypes, where the ‘masculine’1 partner dominated decision-making and where the ‘feminine’ partner was expected to engage in traditionally ‘feminine roles’. Participants reported surveillance and/or punishment to ensure compliance. In sexual practices, psychological and sexual abuse occurred where normative gender power relations were in operation, leading to experiences of unwanted sexual practices and being infected with HIV. There were further examples where abuse was linked to homophobic and traditional cultural practices. Some of the gay men experiencing abuse in their relationships appeared to resist normative gender power relations, in that the majority of participants found agency to end their relationships in different ways — suggesting that power relations can be interrogated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Henderson
- Department of Social Work, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Ratnayake L, McEwen J, Henderson N, Nathwani D, Phillips G, Brown D, Coia J. Control of an outbreak of diarrhoea in a vascular surgery unit caused by a high-level clindamycin-resistant Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 106. J Hosp Infect 2011; 79:242-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Phan G, Remaut H, Allen W, Geibel S, Lebedev A, Henderson N, Thanassi D, Waksman G. Crystal structure of the usher:chaperone:adhesin subunit complex – insights into pilus assembly mechanism. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311099533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Duvoix A, Mackay RM, Henderson N, McGreal E, Postle A, Reid K, Clark H. Physiological concentration of calcium inhibits elastase-induced cleavage of a functional recombinant fragment of surfactant protein D. Immunobiology 2011; 216:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lowrey GE, Henderson N, Blakey JD, Corne JM, Johnson SR. MMP-9 protein level does not reflect overall MMP activity in the airways of patients with COPD. Respir Med 2008; 102:845-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wray RJ, Becker SM, Henderson N, Glik D, Jupka K, Middleton S, Henderson C, Drury A, Mitchell EW. Communicating with the public about emerging health threats: lessons from the Pre-Event Message Development Project. Am J Public Health 2008; 98:2214-22. [PMID: 18382011 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2006.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to better understand the challenges of communicating with the public about emerging health threats, particularly threats involving toxic chemicals, biological agents, and radioactive materials. METHODS At the request of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we formed an interdisciplinary consortium of investigative teams from 4 schools of public health. Over 2 years, the investigative teams conducted 79 focus group interviews with 884 participants and individual cognitive response interviews with 129 respondents, for a total sample of 1013 individuals. The investigative teams systematically compared their results with other published research in public health, risk communication, and emergency preparedness. RESULTS We found limited public understanding of emerging biological, chemical, and radioactive materials threats and of the differences between them; demand for concrete, accurate, and consistent information about actions needed for protection of self and family; active information seeking from media, local authorities, and selected national sources; and areas in which current emergency messaging can be improved. CONCLUSIONS The public will respond to a threat situation by seeking protective information and taking self-protective action, underlining the critical role of effective communication in public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Wray
- Saint Louis University School of Public Health, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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Henderson N, Shefer T. Practices of Power and Abuse in Gay Male Relationships: An Exploratory Case Study of a Young, Isixhosa-Speaking Man in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/008124630803800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article constitutes a single case study of snapshots of the life of a young, gay isiXhosa-speaking man, and his narrative on relationships. The case study is a part of a broader study exploring gay male relationships with a particular focus on the dynamics of control, power, and abuse. The broader literature on gay relationships, both internationally and locally, highlights the pervasiveness of heteropatriarchal stereotypical constructions in many gay relationships, believed to facilitate unequal power relations (as they do in heterosexual relationships), but also foregrounds a more ‘flexible’ approach to constructing masculinities and sexual roles among gay men. The article highlights the experience of performances of sexuality and relationship that mirror heterosexual traditional roles, with accompanying power inequalities, as well as a shift to alternative, more flexible and possibly more equitable relationships. It is also argued that homophobia, emerging in multiple sites and including internalised homophobia, plays a powerful role in the reproduction of inequality and abusive practices within gay male relationships. The article interrogates some of the local contexts of homophobia in contemporary South Africa and the way in which the participant's experiences, within and outside his relationships, reflect a corroding of self-confidence and sense of power. It also explores the challenges faced in constructing equitable intimate relationships within a society that still adheres to hegemonic practices of masculinity and heteronormative models of relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Henderson
- Social Work Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tamara Shefer
- Women's and Gender Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Henderson N. Aesthetic options. Br Dent J 2008; 204:356. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hardy KJ, Gossain S, Henderson N, Drugan C, Oppenheim BA, Gao F, Hawkey PM. Rapid recontamination with MRSA of the environment of an intensive care unit after decontamination with hydrogen peroxide vapour. J Hosp Infect 2007; 66:360-8. [PMID: 17655975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) persists in the hospital environment and conventional cleaning procedures do not necessarily eliminate contamination. A prospective study was conducted on an intensive care unit to establish the level of environmental contamination with MRSA, assess the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) decontamination and determine the rate of environmental recontamination. MRSA was isolated from 11.2% of environmental sites in the three months preceding the use of HPV and epidemiological typing revealed that the types circulating within the environment were similar to those colonising patients. After patient discharge and terminal cleaning using conventional methods, MRSA was isolated from five sites (17.2%). After HPV decontamination but before the readmission of patients, MRSA was not isolated from the environment. Twenty-four hours after readmitting patients, including two colonized with MRSA, the organism was isolated from five sites. The strains were indistinguishable from a strain with which a patient was colonized but were not all confined to the immediate vicinity of the colonized patient. In the eight weeks after the use of HPV, the environment was sampled on a weekly basis and MRSA was isolated from 16.3% sites. Hydrogen peroxide vapour is effective in eliminating bacteria from the environment but the rapid rate of recontamination suggests that it is not an effective means of maintaining low levels of environmental contamination in an open-plan intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Hardy
- West Midlands Public Health Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, UK.
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Abstract
We describe three cases of fracture of the titanium JRI-Furlong hydroxyapatite-ceramic (HAC)-coated femoral component. We have examined previous case reports of failure of this stem and conclude that fracture may occur in two places, namely at the neck-shoulder junction and at the conical-distal cylindrical junction. These breakages are the result of fatigue in a metallurgically-proven normal femoral component. All the cases of failure of the femoral component have occurred in patients with a body mass index of more than 25 in whom a small component, either size 9 or 10, had been used. In patients with a body mass index above normal size 9 components should be avoided and the femoral canal should be reamed sufficiently to accept a large femoral component to ensure that there is adequate metaphyseal fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Harvie
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
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Henderson N, Markwick LJ, Elshaw SR, Freyer AM, Knox AJ, Johnson SR. Collagen I and thrombin activate MMP-2 by MMP-14-dependent and -independent pathways: implications for airway smooth muscle migration. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 292:L1030-8. [PMID: 17189319 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00317.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased proinflammatory mediators and ECM deposition are key features of the airways in asthma. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are produced by airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and have multiple roles in inflammation and tissue remodeling. We hypothesized that components of the asthmatic airway would stimulate MMP production and activation by ASM and contribute to airway remodeling. We measured human ASM-derived MMP mRNA, protein, and activity by real-time RT-PCR, zymography, Western blotting, and MMP activity assay. Collagen I and thrombin caused a synergistic increase in MMP-2 protein and total MMP activity but paradoxically decreased MMP-2 mRNA. Additionally, collagen I activated MMP-2 in culture supernatants independent of the cell surface. Together, collagen I and thrombin strongly enhanced MMP-14 mRNA and protein but had no effect individually, suggesting increased MMP-14, the activating protease for MMP-2, may be partially responsible for MMP-2 activation. Furthermore, collagen I reduced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 protein (TIMP-2). We examined the role of MMPs in functions of ASM related to airway remodeling and found migration and proliferation were MMP dependent, whereas adhesion and apoptosis were not. Ilomastat inhibited migration by 25%, which was also inhibited by TIMPs 1-4 and increased by the MMP-2 activator thrombin. These in vitro findings suggest that the environment within the airways of patients with asthma enhances MMP-2 and -14 protein and activity by a complex interaction of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, which may contribute to ASM migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Henderson
- Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Platt GM, Henderson N, de Medeiros JL. Determination of critical conditions for the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol in the presence of carbon dioxide. Braz J Chem Eng 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322006000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. M. Platt
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N. Henderson
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Capell HA, Madhok R, Porter DR, Munro RAL, McInnes IB, Hunter JA, Steven M, Zoma A, Morrison E, Sambrook M, Wui Poon F, Hampson R, McDonald F, Tierney A, Henderson N, Ford I. Combination therapy with sulfasalazine and methotrexate is more effective than either drug alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with a suboptimal response to sulfasalazine: results from the double-blind placebo-controlled MASCOT study. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 66:235-41. [PMID: 16926184 PMCID: PMC1798490 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.057133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis is vital if progression of disease is to be reduced. Methotrexate (MTX) and sulfasalazine (SASP) are widely used inexpensive DMARDs, recently often combined despite no firm evidence of benefit from previous studies. AIM To establish whether a combination of SASP and MTX is superior to either drug alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with a suboptimal response to 6 months of SASP. METHODS A randomised controlled study of step-up DMARD treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis. In phase I, 687 patients received SASP for 6 months. Those with a disease activity score (DAS) > or =2.4 were offered additional treatment in phase II (SASP alone, MTX alone or a combination of the two). The primary outcome measure was change in DAS. RESULTS At 6 months, 191 (28%) patients had a DAS <2.4, 123 (18%) were eligible but did not wish to enter phase II, 130 (19%) stopped SASP because of reversible adverse events and 165 (24%) entered phase II. DAS at 18 months was significantly lower in those who received combination treatment compared with those who received either SASP or MTX: monotherapy arms did not differ. Improvement in European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology 20, 50 and 70 scores favoured combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS In this "true-to-life" study, an inexpensive combination of DMARDs proved more effective than monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with a suboptimal response to SASP. There was no increase in toxicity. These results provide an evidence base for the use of this combination as a component of tight control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Capell
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK.
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Burns CM, Henderson N. The mineral constituents of bone: The influence of age on the mineral constituents of bones from kittens and pups. Biochem J 2006; 30:1207-14. [PMID: 16746143 PMCID: PMC1263165 DOI: 10.1042/bj0301207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Burns
- The Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Durham College of Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Burns
- The Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Durham College of Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Burns
- The Department of Physiology and Bio-Chemistry, University of Durham College of Medicine
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Polignano F, Henderson N, Alishahi SM, Zito A. Laparoscopic colectomy for cancer and adequate lymphadenectomy. Surg Endosc 2006; 20:996-7. [PMID: 16739001 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-005-0555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Animal models of hepatic fibrosis provide a means to study the cell and molecular mediators of fibrosis in a serial manner during both progression and recovery. Several approaches to induction of fibrosis have been described. Of these, CCl(4) intoxication in rats and mice is probably the most widely studied. In addition, the CCl(4) model is the best characterized with respect to histological, biochemical, cell, and molecular changes associated with the development of fibrosis. CCl(4) can be given intraperitoneally or by oral gavage; it induces zone III necrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis with associated hepatic stellate cell activation and tissue fibrosis. With repetitive dosing CCl(4) can be used to induce bridging hepatic fibrosis (4 wk of twice-weekly dosing), cirrhosis (8 wk of twice-weekly dosing) and advanced micronodular cirrhosis (12 wk of twice-weekly dosing). In addition, for each of these models spontaneous recovery from fibrosis can be studied after cessation of dosing. Mechanistic studies using gene knockout and transgenic animals can also be established using CCl(4). Together these models have provided unparalleled insights into the mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis.
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48
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Abstract
Animal models of hepatic fibrosis provide a means to study the cell and molecular mediators of fibrosis in a serial manner during both progression and recovery. Several approaches to induction of fibrosis have been described. Of these, CCl(4) intoxication in rats and mice is probably the most widely studied. In addition, the CCl(4) model is the best characterized with respect to histological, biochemical, cell, and molecular changes associated with the development of fibrosis. CCl(4) can be given intraperitoneally or by oral gavage; it induces zone III necrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis with associated hepatic stellate cell activation and tissue fibrosis. With repetitive dosing CCl(4) can be used to induce bridging hepatic fibrosis (4 wk of twice-weekly dosing), cirrhosis (8 wk of twice-weekly dosing) and advanced micronodular cirrhosis (12 wk of twice-weekly dosing). In addition, for each of these models spontaneous recovery from fibrosis can be studied after cessation of dosing. Mechanistic studies using gene knockout and transgenic animals can also be established using CCl(4). Together these models have provided unparalleled insights into the mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis.
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49
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Elshaw SR, Henderson N, Knox AJ, Watson SA, Buttle DJ, Johnson SR. Matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity in human airway smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 142:1318-24. [PMID: 15265805 PMCID: PMC1575191 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodelling is a feature of chronic asthma comprising smooth muscle hypertrophy and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) breakdown ECM, are involved in tissue remodelling and have been implicated in airway remodelling. Although mesenchymal cells are an important source of MMPs, little data are available on airway smooth muscle (ASM) derived MMPs. We therefore investigated MMP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) production and activity in human ASM cells. MMPs and TIMPs were examined using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, zymography and a quench fluorescence (QF) assay of total MMP activity. The most abundant MMPs were pro-MMP-2, pro- MMP-3, active MMP-3 and MT1-MMP. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression was low in cell lysates but high in conditioned medium. High TIMP secretion was confirmed by the ability of ASM-conditioned medium to inhibit recombinant MMP-2 in a QF assay. Thrombin increased MMP activity by activation of pro-MMP-2 independent of the conventional smooth muscle thrombin receptors PAR 1 and 4. In conclusion, ASM cells express pro-MMP-2, pro and active MMP-3, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP. Unstimulated cells secrete excess TIMP 1 and 2, preventing proteolytic activity. MMP-2 can be activated by thrombin which may contribute to airway remodelling.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology
- Humans
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Trachea/drug effects
- Trachea/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona R Elshaw
- Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH
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50
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Frampton GA, Hannah DR, Henderson N, Katz RB, Smith IH, Tremayne N, Watson RJ, Woollam I. Approaches to a Scaleable Synthesis of CH8757: A Potent Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases. Org Process Res Dev 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/op049954q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. Frampton
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan R. Hannah
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Henderson
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth B. Katz
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H. Smith
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Tremayne
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Watson
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Indrani Woollam
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, United Kingdom
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