1
|
Ito S, Miwa K, Hattori C, Aida T, Tsuchiya Y, Mori K. Highly sensitive in vitro cytokine release assay incorporating high-density preculture. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 18:136-143. [PMID: 34644231 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2021.1984617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulatory effects of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) through binding to Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on immune cells are a likely cause of cytokine release syndrome. However, it is difficult to detect the potential risk of FcγR-dependent cytokine release associated with mAb in the current standard cytokine release assays (CRA), including the air-drying solid-phase method using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). To increase the sensitivity to detect FcγR-dependent cytokine release due to mAb, a high-density preculture (HDC) method was incorporated into the air-drying solid-phase CRA. Here, PBMC were exposed to panitumumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, or alemtuzumab at 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 μg/well for 24 or 48 hr under both non-HDC and HDC conditions. T-cell agonists (anti-CD3 mAb, anti-CD28 super-agonist [SA] mAb) were used as reference mAb. Panitumumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, or alemtuzumab induced cytokine release under both non-HDC and HDC conditions, and cytokine release caused by alemtuzumab was more pronounced under HDC conditions. To investigate FcγR involvement in cytokine release associated with panitumumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, and alemtuzumab, CRA of these four mAb were conducted with anti-FcγRI, -FcγRII, or -FcγRIII F(ab')2 fragments. The results showed cytokine release caused by trastuzumab, rituximab, and alemtuzumab was significantly suppressed by anti-FcγRIII F(ab')2 pretreatment, and slightly reduced by anti-FcγRI or anti-FcγRII pretreatment, indicating these mAb induced FcγR (especially FcγRIII)-dependent cytokine release from PBMC. Cytokine release caused by panitumumab was slightly suppressed by anti-FcγRIII F(ab')2 pretreatment. Anti-CD3 mAb and anti-CD28 SA mAb also induced significant release of cytokines under HDC conditions compared with that under non-HDC conditions. In conclusion, CRA incorporating HDC into the air-drying solid-phase method using human PBMC could sensitively capture the FcγR-dependent cytokine release potential of mAb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Ito
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miwa
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Hattori
- Oncology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Aida
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tsuchiya
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Transrational Research, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co, Ltd, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Whritenour J, Casinghino S, Collinge M, Zhu X. Nonclinical Tools to Assess Risk of Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:561-76. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Whritenour
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340;
| | - S. Casinghino
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340;
| | - M. Collinge
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340;
| | - X. Zhu
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Finco D, Grimaldi C, Fort M, Walker M, Kiessling A, Wolf B, Salcedo T, Faggioni R, Schneider A, Ibraghimov A, Scesney S, Serna D, Prell R, Stebbings R, Narayanan PK. Cytokine release assays: current practices and future directions. Cytokine 2014; 66:143-55. [PMID: 24412476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the CD28 superagonist biotherapeutic monoclonal antibody (TGN 1412) "cytokine storm" incident, cytokine release assays (CRA) have become hazard identification and prospective risk assessment tools for screening novel biotherapeutics directed against targets having a potential risk for eliciting adverse pro-inflammatory clinical infusion reactions. Different laboratories may have different strategies, assay formats, and approaches to the reporting, interpretation, and use of data for either decision making or risk assessment. Additionally, many independent contract research organizations (CROs), academic and government laboratories are involved in some aspect of CRA work. As a result, while some pharmaceutical companies are providing CRA data as part of the regulatory submissions when necessary, technical and regulatory practices are still evolving to provide data predictive of cytokine release in humans and that are relevant to safety. This manuscript provides an overview of different approaches employed by the pharmaceutical industry and CROs, for the use and application of CRA based upon a survey and post survey follow up conducted by ILSI-Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Immunotoxicology Committee CRA Working Group. Also discussed is ongoing research in the academic sector, the regulatory environment, current limitations of the assays, and future directions and recommendations for cytokine release assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Finco
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA.
| | - C Grimaldi
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - M Fort
- Discovery Toxicology, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Walker
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - B Wolf
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Salcedo
- Immunotoxicology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - R Faggioni
- Clinical Pharmacology & DMPK, MedImmune, LLC, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Clinical Pharmacology & DMPK, MedImmune, LLC, Hayward, CA, USA
| | | | - S Scesney
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - D Serna
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - R Prell
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - R Stebbings
- National Institute for Biological Standards & Control, Potters Bar, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sathish JG, Sethu S, Bielsky MC, de Haan L, French NS, Govindappa K, Green J, Griffiths CEM, Holgate S, Jones D, Kimber I, Moggs J, Naisbitt DJ, Pirmohamed M, Reichmann G, Sims J, Subramanyam M, Todd MD, Van Der Laan JW, Weaver RJ, Park BK. Challenges and approaches for the development of safer immunomodulatory biologics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12:306-24. [PMID: 23535934 PMCID: PMC7097261 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory biologics are a class of biotechnology-derived therapeutic products that are designed to engage immune-relevant targets and are indicated in the treatment and management of a range of diseases, including immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and malignancies. Despite their high specificity and therapeutic advantages, immmunomodulatory biologics have been associated with adverse reactions such as serious infections, malignancies and cytokine release syndrome, which arise owing to the on-target or exaggerated pharmacological effects of these drugs. Immunogenicity resulting in the generation of antidrug antibodies is another unwanted effect that leads to loss of efficacy and — rarely — hypersensitivity reactions. For some adverse reactions, mitigating and preventive strategies are in place, such as stratifying patients on the basis of responsiveness to therapy and the risk of developing adverse reactions. These strategies depend on the availability of robust biomarkers for therapeutic efficacy and the risk of adverse reactions: for example, seropositivity for John Cunningham virus is a risk factor for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The development of effective biomarkers will greatly aid these strategies. The development and design of safer immunomodulatory biologics is reliant on a detailed understanding of the nature of the disease, target biology, the interaction of the target with the immunomodulatory biologic and the inherent properties of the biologic that elicit unwanted effects. The availability of in vitro and in vivo models that can be used to predict adverse reactions associated with immunomodulatory biologics is central to the development of safer immunomodulatory biologics. Some progress has been made in developing in vitro and in silico tests for predicting cytokine release syndrome and immunogenicity, but there is still a lack of models for effectively predicting infections and malignancies. Two pathways can be followed in designing and developing safer immunomodulatory biologics. The first pathway involves generating a biologic that engages an alternative target or mechanism to produce the desired pharmacodynamic effect without the associated adverse reaction, and is followed when the adverse reaction cannot be dissociated from the target biology. The second pathway involves redesigning the biologic to 'engineer out' components within the biologic structure that trigger adverse effects or to alter the nature of the target–biologic interactions.
Owing to their specificity, immunomodulatory biologics generally have better safety profiles than small-molecule drugs. However, adverse effects such as an increased risk of infections or cytokine release syndrome are of concern. Here, Park and colleagues discuss the current strategies used to predict and mitigate these adverse effects and consider how they can be used to inform the development of safer immunomodulatory biologics. Immunomodulatory biologics, which render their therapeutic effects by modulating or harnessing immune responses, have proven their therapeutic utility in several complex conditions including cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, unwanted adverse reactions — including serious infections, malignancy, cytokine release syndrome, anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity as well as immunogenicity — pose a challenge to the development of new (and safer) immunomodulatory biologics. In this article, we assess the safety issues associated with immunomodulatory biologics and discuss the current approaches for predicting and mitigating adverse reactions associated with their use. We also outline how these approaches can inform the development of safer immunomodulatory biologics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean G Sathish
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|