1
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Looby N, Roszkowska A, Yu M, Rios-Gomez G, Pipkin M, Bojko B, Cypel M, Pawliszyn J. In vivo solid phase microextraction for therapeutic monitoring and pharmacometabolomic fingerprinting of lung during in vivo lung perfusion of FOLFOX. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1195-1204. [PMID: 38024854 PMCID: PMC10657970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo lung perfusion (IVLP) is a novel isolated lung technique developed to enable the local, in situ administration of high-dose chemotherapy to treat metastatic lung cancer. Combination therapy using folinic acid (FOL), 5-fluorouracil (F), and oxaliplatin (OX) (FOLFOX) is routinely employed to treat several types of solid tumours in various tissues. However, F is characterized by large interpatient variability with respect to plasma concentration, which necessitates close monitoring during treatments using of this compound. Since plasma drug concentrations often do not reflect tissue drug concentrations, it is essential to utilize sample-preparation methods specifically suited to monitoring drug levels in target organs. In this work, in vivo solid-phase microextraction (in vivo SPME) is proposed as an effective tool for quantitative therapeutic drug monitoring of FOLFOX in porcine lungs during pre-clinical IVLP and intravenous (IV) trials. The concomitant extraction of other endogenous and exogenous small molecules from the lung and their detection via liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) enabled an assessment of FOLFOX's impact on the metabolomic profile of the lung and revealed the metabolic pathways associated with the route of administration (IVLP vs. IV) and the therapy itself. This study also shows that the immediate instrumental analysis of metabolomic samples is ideal, as long-term storage at -80 °C results in changes in the metabolite content in the sample extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Looby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - German Rios-Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mauricio Pipkin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, TGH, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, TGH, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Zaid A, Hassan NH, Marriott PJ, Wong YF. Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography as a Bioanalytical Platform for Drug Discovery and Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041121. [PMID: 37111606 PMCID: PMC10140985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) has emerged as a significant separation tool for high-resolution analysis of disease-associated metabolites and pharmaceutically relevant molecules. This review highlights recent advances of GC×GC with different detection modalities for drug discovery and analysis, which ideally improve the screening and identification of disease biomarkers, as well as monitoring of therapeutic responses to treatment in complex biological matrixes. Selected recent GC×GC applications that focus on such biomarkers and metabolite profiling of the effects of drug administration are covered. In particular, the technical overview of recent GC×GC implementation with hyphenation to the key mass spectrometry (MS) technologies that provide the benefit of enhanced separation dimension analysis with MS domain differentiation is discussed. We conclude by highlighting the challenges in GC×GC for drug discovery and development with perspectives on future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqah Zaid
- Centre for Research on Multidimensional Separation Science, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Norfarizah Hanim Hassan
- Centre for Research on Multidimensional Separation Science, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yong Foo Wong
- Centre for Research on Multidimensional Separation Science, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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3
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Fu Y, Li W, Picard F. Non-regulated LC-MS/MS bioanalysis in support of early drug development - a Novartis perspective. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:109-125. [PMID: 36976931 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientifically qualified LC-MS/MS methods are essential for the determination of small molecule drug candidates and/or their metabolite(s) in support of various non-regulated safety assessment and in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion studies in preclinical development. This article outlines an effective method development workflow to fit for this purpose. The workflow features a 'universal' protein precipitation solvent for efficient sample extraction, a mobile phase additive for managing chromatographic resolution and addressing carryover and an internal standard cocktail to select the best analogue internal standard to track the analyte of interest in LC-MS/MS. In addition, good practices are recommended to prevent bioanalytical pitfalls due to instability, non-specific binding and dosing vehicle-induced matrix effect. Proper handling of non-liquid matrix is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlin Fu
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences - Drug Disposition, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Wenkui Li
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences - Drug Disposition, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Franck Picard
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences - Drug Disposition, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
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4
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Roseboom IC, Thijssen B, Rosing H, Alves F, Younis BM, Musa AM, Beijnen JH, Dorlo TP. Development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of the antileishmanial drug paromomycin in human skin tissue. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Roseboom IC, Thijssen B, Rosing H, Alves F, Sundar S, Beijnen JH, Dorlo TP. Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of the antiparasitic and antifungal drug amphotericin B in human skin tissue. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1206:123354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Poirier Larabie S, Jutras M, Leclair G, St-Jean I, Kleinert C, Gagné F, Gagnon C. Evaluation of uptake of the cytostatic methotrexate in Elliptio complanata mussels by LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45303-45313. [PMID: 35146607 PMCID: PMC9209350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are continuously exposed to emerging contaminants coming from urban effluents of wastewater treatment plants. The contamination of surface water by those effluents poses a number of environmental risks, and pharmaceuticals are part of this class of effluent contaminants. Various classes of pharmaceuticals are not treated by wastewater treatment plants and anticancer drugs are part of them. The chemotherapy drug methotrexate (MTX) is an emerging contaminant and its growing use with the increase in cancer cases worldwide raises potential risk to aquatic organisms exposed to effluent discharges. However, chemical analyses in exposed freshwater aquatic organisms for ecotoxicological studies are rarely available and no studies have been done yet to accompany ecotoxicological data of exposed filter-feeding organisms. The purpose of this study was to develop a specific and sensitive analytical LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of methotrexate uptake in mussels exposed at different concentrations of the drug. A solid/liquid extraction followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) using an MCX phase purification scheme was optimized. The optimal recovery of 65% and matrix effect of 38% allowed to achieve a limit of quantification of 0.25 ng g-1, with an accuracy of 99-106%, a precision of no more than 3% RSD, and linearity ranging from 0.25 to 25 ng g-1. This methodology was tested with mussels exposed for 96 h at different concentrations (4 to 100 µg L-1) of MTX. The data revealed tissue uptake at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.53 ng g-1. This suggests that this drug has low uptake potential and this methodology could be used to examine tissue levels of this drug in organisms continuously exposed to urban pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Poirier Larabie
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill St., 8th floor, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Martin Jutras
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Plateforme de biopharmacieC.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Grégoire Leclair
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Plateforme de biopharmacieC.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Isabelle St-Jean
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Plateforme de biopharmacieC.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christine Kleinert
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill St., 8th floor, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - François Gagné
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill St., 8th floor, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Christian Gagnon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill St., 8th floor, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada.
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7
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Roseboom IC, Thijssen B, Rosing H, Alves F, Mondal D, Teunissen MBM, Beijnen JH, Dorlo TPC. Development and validation of an HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the anti-leishmanial drug miltefosine in human skin tissue. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114402. [PMID: 34634528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Miltefosine is the only oral drug approved for the treatment of various clinical presentations of the neglected parasitic disease leishmaniasis. In cutaneous leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, Leishmania parasites reside and multiply in the dermis of the skin. As miltefosine is orally administered and this drug is currently studied for the treatment of these skin-related types of leishmaniasis, there is an urgent need for an accurate assay to determine actual miltefosine levels in human skin tissue to further optimize treatment regimens through target-site pharmacokinetic studies. We describe here the development and validation of a sensitive method to quantify miltefosine in 4-mm human skin biopsies utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. After the skin tissues were homogenized overnight by enzymatic digestion using collagenase A, the skin homogenates were further processed by protein precipitation and phenyl-bonded solid phase extraction. Final extracts were injected onto a Gemini C18 column using alkaline eluent for separation and elution. Detection was performed by positive ion electrospray ionization followed by a quadrupole - linear ion trap mass spectrometer, using deuterated miltefosine as an internal standard. The method was validated over a linear calibration range of 4-1000 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9996) using miltefosine spiked digestion solution for calibration and quality control samples. Validation parameters were all within internationally accepted criteria, including intra- and inter-assay accuracies and precisions within± 15% and ≤ 15% (within± 20% and ≤ 20% at the lower limit of quantitation). There was no significant matrix effect of the human skin tissue matrix and the recovery for miltefosine, and internal standard were comparable. Miltefosine in human skin tissue homogenates was stable during the homogenization incubation (37 °C,± 16 h) and after a minimum of 10 days of storage at - 20 °C after the homogenization process. With our assay we could successfully detect miltefosine in skin biopsies from patients with post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis who were treated with this drug in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignace C Roseboom
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas Thijssen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabiana Alves
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marcel B M Teunissen
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas P C Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Abstract
Peptides play a crucial role in many vitally important functions of living organisms. The goal of peptidomics is the identification of the "peptidome," the whole peptide content of a cell, organ, tissue, body fluid, or organism. In peptidomic or proteomic studies, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an alternative technique for liquid chromatography. It is a highly efficient and fast separation method requiring extremely low amounts of sample. In peptidomic approaches, CE is commonly combined with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Most often, CE is coupled with electrospray ionization MS and less frequently with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS. CE-MS has been employed in numerous studies dealing with determination of peptide biomarkers in different body fluids for various diseases, or in food peptidomic research for the analysis and identification of peptides with special biological activities. In addition to the above topics, sample preparation techniques commonly applied in peptidomics before CE separation and possibilities for peptide identification and quantification by CE-MS or CE-MS/MS methods are discussed in this chapter.
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9
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Kertesz V, Cahill JF. Spatially resolved absolute quantitation in thin tissue by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2619-2636. [PMID: 33140126 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the de facto tool for routine quantitative analysis of biomolecules. MS is increasingly being used to reveal the spatial distribution of proteins, metabolites, and pharmaceuticals in tissue and interest in this area has led to a number of novel spatially resolved MS technologies. Most spatially resolved MS measurements are qualitative in nature due to a myriad of potential biases, such as sample heterogeneity, sampling artifacts, and ionization effects. As applications of spatially resolved MS in the pharmacological and clinical fields increase, demand has become high for quantitative MS imaging and profiling data. As a result, several varied technologies now exist that provide differing levels of spatial and quantitative information. This review provides an overview of MS profiling and imaging technologies that have demonstrated quantitative analysis from tissue. Focus is given on the fundamental processes affecting quantitative analysis in an array of MS imaging and profiling technologies and methods to address these biases.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA.
| | - John F Cahill
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA.
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10
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Roseboom IC, Rosing H, Beijnen JH, Dorlo TPC. Skin tissue sample collection, sample homogenization, and analyte extraction strategies for liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry quantification of pharmaceutical compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113590. [PMID: 33010602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of pharmaceutical compounds in skin tissue is challenging because of low expected concentrations, small typical sample volumes, and the hard nature of the skin structure itself. This review provides a comprehensive overview of sample collection, sample homogenization and analyte extraction methods that have been used to quantify pharmaceutical compounds in skin tissue, obtained from animals and humans, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. For each step in the process of sample collection to sample extraction, methods are compared to discuss challenges and provide practical guidance. Furthermore, liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry considerations regarding the quality and complexity of skin tissue sample measurements are discussed, with emphasis on analyte recovery and matrix effects. Given that the true recovery of analytes from skin tissue is difficult to assess, the extent of homogenization plays a crucial role in the accuracy of quantification. Chemical or enzymatic solubilization of skin tissue samples would therefore be preferable as homogenization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignace C Roseboom
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas P C Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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11
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Han J, Sun J, Song S, Beljaars L, Groothuis GMM, Permentier H, Bischoff R, Halmos GB, Verhoeven CJ, Amstalden van Hove ER, Horvatovich P, Casini A. Targeted imaging of integrins in cancer tissues using photocleavable Ru(ii) polypyridine complexes as mass-tags. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5941-5944. [PMID: 32347235 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted epitope-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) utilizes laser cleavable mass-tags bound to targeting moieties for detecting proteins in tissue sections. Our work constitutes the first proof-of-concept of a novel laser desorption ionization (LDI)-MSI strategy using photocleavable Ru(ii) polypyridine complexes as mass-tags for imaging of integrins αvβ3 in human cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Han
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Sharma MK, Rathod R, Sengupta P. Mass Spectrometry-Based Rapid Quantitative Bioanalysis of Flibanserin: Pharmacokinetic and Brain Tissue Distribution Study in Female Rats. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:559-569. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Flibanserin (FLB) is the first United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved serotonin modulator recently marketed to treat acquired generalized women hypoactive sexual desire disorder. The scope of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive, selective and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy-based quantification method for FLB in rat plasma as well as brain tissue samples. The method includes a simple liquid–liquid sample extraction procedure. FLB was subjected to chromatographic separation using a poroshell C18 column with the mobile phase comprising a mixture of acetonitrile (ACN), 10 mM ammonium acetate and acetic acid (90:10:0.1, v/v/v). Detection and quantification of FLB after positive electrospray ionization were carried out in selective ion monitoring mode. The fragment ions (m/z) of FLB (parent ion: 391.1741) and IS (parent ion: 448.1550) were monitored at 161.0704 and 285.0917, respectively. A linear response of FLB was observed over a concentration range of 2.5–600 ng/mL in plasma and 5–500 ng/mL in brain tissue homogenate. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of the method met the acceptable limits specified in the USFDA bioanalytical method validation guideline. The analyte was found to be stable in benchtop, freeze-thaw, auto-injector and dry extract stability studies. The developed method was used to quantitate FLB in the plasma and brain tissue of a single-dose oral pharmacokinetic and brain tissue distribution study in female rats. Maximum FLB concentration in plasma and brain was achieved within an hour; however, the total amount of the drug that reached the brain was significantly less than in plasma. Rate of elimination of FLB from brain was also faster resulting in a lesser half-life in brain compared to the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajeshwari Rathod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
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13
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Knikman JE, Rosing H, Guchelaar H, Cats A, Beijnen JH. A review of the bioanalytical methods for the quantitative determination of capecitabine and its metabolites in biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4732. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Knikman
- Division of PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Henk‐Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and ToxicologyLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - A. Cats
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Medical OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jos H. Beijnen
- Division of PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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14
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Martínez-Chávez A, Rosing H, Hillebrand M, Tibben M, Schinkel AH, Beijnen JH. Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of the CDK4/6 inhibitors abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib in human and mouse matrices using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5331-5345. [PMID: 31209549 PMCID: PMC6647725 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel method was developed and validated for the quantification of the three approved CDK4/6 inhibitors (abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib) in both human and mouse plasma and mouse tissue homogenates (liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and small intestine) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For all matrices, pretreatment was performed using 50 μL of sample by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by dilution of the supernatant. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was done on a C18 column using gradient elution. A full validation was performed for human plasma, while a partial validation was executed for mouse plasma and mouse tissue homogenates. The method was linear in the calibration range from 2 to 200 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r) ≥0.996 for each analyte. For both human and mouse plasma, the accuracy and precision were within ±15% and ≤15%, respectively, for all concentrations, except for the lower limit of quantification, where they were within ±20% and ≤20%, respectively. A fit-for-purpose strategy was followed for tissue homogenates, and the accuracy and precision were within ±20% and ≤20%, respectively, for all concentrations. Stability of all analytes in all matrices at different processing and storage conditions was tested; ribociclib and palbociclib were unstable in most tissue homogenates and conditions were modified to increase the stability. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of mouse samples from preclinical studies. A new ribociclib metabolite was detected in mouse plasma samples with the same m/z transition as the parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martínez-Chávez
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Hillebrand
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Tibben
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, David de Wied building, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jain S, Jadav T, Sahu AK, Kalia K, Sengupta P. An Exploration of Advancement in Analytical Methodology for Quantification of Anticancer Drugs in Biomatrices. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:719-732. [PMID: 30905906 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19r002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Significant numbers of newer anticancer drugs are regularly entering into the market worldwide to fight against different types of cancers. Analytical methodologies are being developed to quantitate those molecules in a variety of matrices during their drug development stages. Selection of biological matrices for developing bioanalytical methods is based on the mechanism of action, site of action, site of metabolism and route of excretion of the drugs or their metabolites. In this review, we have described the current scenario and advancements in bioanalytical techniques for quantification of different anticancer drugs in a variety of biomatrices with a special emphasis on sample preparation techniques. We have discussed and summarized different bioanalytical aspects for anticancer drugs, which can give direction to the researcher for choosing appropriate techniques for their quantification needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Jain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
| | - Tarang Jadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
| | - Amit Kumar Sahu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
| | - Kiran Kalia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
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16
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Luo Z, Liu D, Pang X, Yang W, He J, Zhang R, Zhu C, Chen Y, Li X, Zhang J, Shi J, Abliz Z. Whole-body spatially-resolved metabolomics method for profiling the metabolic differences of epimer drug candidates using ambient mass spectrometry imaging. Talanta 2019; 202:198-206. [PMID: 31171170 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the in vivo drug action and metabolic differences of epimer drugs is challenging. Whole-body MSI analysis can visually present the stereoscopic distribution of molecules related to the interaction of drugs and organisms, and can provide more comprehensive organ-specific profiling information. Herein, we developed a whole-body spatially-resolved imaging metabolomics method based on an air flow-assisted ionisation desorption electrospray ionisation (AFADESI)-MSI system coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer and highly discriminating imaging software. The epimeric sedative-hypnotic drug candidates YZG-331 and YZG-330 were selected as examples, and rats administered normal or high oral doses were used. By performing multivariate statistical data-mining on the combined MSI data, organ-specific differential ions were screened. By comparing the variations in the relative contents of the drugs, their metabolites, and endogenous neurotransmitters throughout whole-body tissue sections of the rats, rich information that could potentially explain the more significant sedative-hypnotic effects of YZG-330 compared to YZG-331 was obtained. Such as the increased ratio of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain and stomach of the rats (0.25, 0.47, 0.68, 0.30, and 0.89 for the control and YZG-331-H, YZG-330-H, YZG-331-L, and YZG-330-L, respectively) were interesting. This study provided a convenient and visual method to investigate in vivo molecular metabolic differences and provide insight towards a better understanding of the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of these sedative-hypnotic drug-candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xuechao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Chenggen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jiangong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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17
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Grochowski C, Blicharska E, Krukow P, Jonak K, Maciejewski M, Szczepanek D, Jonak K, Flieger J, Maciejewski R. Analysis of Trace Elements in Human Brain: Its Aim, Methods, and Concentration Levels. Front Chem 2019; 7:115. [PMID: 30891444 PMCID: PMC6411644 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace elements play a crucial role in many biochemical processes, mainly as components of vitamins and enzymes. Although small amounts of metal ions have protective properties, excess metal levels result in oxidative injury, which is why metal ion homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of the brain. The changes of their level in the brain have been proven to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, it is currently an important application of various analytical methods. This review covers the most important of them: inductively coupled ground mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), flame-induced atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), optical emission spectrometry with excitation in inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and neutron activation analysis (NAA). Additionally, we present a summary of concentration values found by different research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Jonak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejewski
- Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szczepanek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Department of Foreign Languages, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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18
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Vaysse PM, Heeren RMA, Porta T, Balluff B. Mass spectrometry imaging for clinical research - latest developments, applications, and current limitations. Analyst 2018. [PMID: 28642940 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00565b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is being used in many clinical research areas ranging from toxicology to personalized medicine. Of all the mass spectrometry techniques, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), in particular, has continuously grown towards clinical acceptance. Significant technological and methodological improvements have contributed to enhance the performance of MSI recently, pushing the limits of throughput, spatial resolution, and sensitivity. This has stimulated the spread of MSI usage across various biomedical research areas such as oncology, neurological disorders, cardiology, and rheumatology, just to name a few. After highlighting the latest major developments and applications touching all aspects of translational research (i.e. from early pre-clinical to clinical research), we will discuss the present challenges in translational research performed with MSI: data management and analysis, molecular coverage and identification capabilities, and finally, reproducibility across multiple research centers, which is the largest remaining obstacle in moving MSI towards clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Maxence Vaysse
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tiffany Porta
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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19
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New frontiers in drug development utilizing desorption by impulsive vibrational excitation for sample preparation, tissue imaging and beyond. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1625-1629. [PMID: 30354194 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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20
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Recent advances in biological sample preparation methods coupled with chromatography, spectrometry and electrochemistry analysis techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Ocular bioanalysis: challenges and advancements in recent years for these rare matrices. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1997-2014. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many ocular diseases still presenting unmet medical needs. Therefore, new ophthalmologic drugs are being developed. Bioanalysis of eye compartments (along with plasma and other tissues) is important to determine exposure of the target organ to the drug and to help interpret local pharmacological or toxic effects. This review article identifies several challenges that occur within ocular bioanalysis. They include sample collection and preparation, analytical issues, sourcing control matrix, data interpretation and regulatory requirements. It summarizes how these challenges have been recently addressed, how research has advanced and which questions remain unanswered. Recommendations are made based on the literature and our practical experience within ocular bioanalysis and future perspectives are discussed.
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22
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Luo Z, He J, He J, Huang L, Song X, Li X, Abliz Z. Quantitative analysis of drug distribution by ambient mass spectrometry imaging method with signal extinction normalization strategy and inkjet-printing technology. Talanta 2017; 179:230-237. [PMID: 29310227 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a robust approach that provides both quantitative and spatial information for drug candidates' research. However, because of complicated signal suppression and interference, acquiring accurate quantitative information from MSI data remains a challenge, especially for whole-body tissue sample. Ambient MSI techniques using spray-based ionization appear to be ideal for pharmaceutical quantitative MSI analysis. However, it is more challenging, as it involves almost no sample preparation and is more susceptible to ion suppression/enhancement. Herein, based on our developed air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI)-MSI technology, an ambient quantitative MSI method was introduced by integrating inkjet-printing technology with normalization of the signal extinction coefficient (SEC) using the target compound itself. The method utilized a single calibration curve to quantify multiple tissue types. Basic blue 7 and an antitumor drug candidate (S-(+)-deoxytylophorinidine, CAT) were chosen to initially validate the feasibility and reliability of the quantitative MSI method. Rat tissue sections (heart, kidney, and brain) administered with CAT was then analyzed. The quantitative MSI analysis results were cross-validated by LC-MS/MS analysis data of the same tissues. The consistency suggests that the approach is able to fast obtain the quantitative MSI data without introducing interference into the in-situ environment of the tissue sample, and is potential to provide a high-throughput, economical and reliable approach for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Higher Education Evaluation Center, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Centre for Bioimaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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23
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24
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Szerkus O, Jacyna J, Gibas A, Sieczkowski M, Siluk D, Matuszewski M, Kaliszan R, Markuszewski M. Robust HPLC–MS/MS method for levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin determination in human prostate tissue. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 132:173-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Chen X, Hatsis P, Judge J, Argikar UA, Ren X, Sarber J, Mansfield K, Liang G, Amaral A, Catoire A, Bentley A, Ramos L, Moench P, Hintermann S, Carcache D, Glick J, Flarakos J. Compound Property Optimization in Drug Discovery Using Quantitative Surface Sampling Micro Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11813-11820. [PMID: 27797491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface sampling micro liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SSμLC-MS/MS) was explored as a quantitative tissue distribution technique for probing compound properties in drug discovery. A method was developed for creating standard curves using surrogate tissue sections from blank tissue homogenate spiked with compounds. The resulting standard curves showed good linearity and high sensitivity. The accuracy and precision of standards met acceptance criteria of ±30%. A new approach was proposed based on an experimental and mathematical method for tissue extraction efficiency evaluation by means of consecutively sampling a location on tissue twice by SSμLC-MS/MS. The observed extraction efficiency ranged from 69% to 82% with acceptable variation for the test compounds. Good agreement in extraction efficiency was observed between surrogate tissue sections and incurred tissue sections. This method was successfully applied to two case studies in which tissue distribution was instrumental in advancing project teams' understanding of compound properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panos Hatsis
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | | | | | - Xiaojun Ren
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Catoire
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Adam Bentley
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Luis Ramos
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Paul Moench
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Samuel Hintermann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Carcache
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jim Glick
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Jimmy Flarakos
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
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26
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Yuan L, Ma L, Dillon L, Fancher RM, Sun H, Zhu M, Lehman-McKeeman L, Aubry AF, Ji QC. Investigation of the "true" extraction recovery of analytes from multiple types of tissues and its impact on tissue bioanalysis using two model compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 945:57-66. [PMID: 27968716 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
LC-MS/MS has been widely applied to the quantitative analysis of tissue samples. However, one key remaining issue is that the extraction recovery of analyte from spiked tissue calibration standard and quality control samples (QCs) may not accurately represent the "true" recovery of analyte from incurred tissue samples. This may affect the accuracy of LC-MS/MS tissue bioanalysis. Here, we investigated whether the recovery determined using tissue QCs by LC-MS/MS can accurately represent the "true" recovery from incurred tissue samples using two model compounds: BMS-986104, a S1P1 receptor modulator drug candidate, and its phosphate metabolite, BMS-986104-P. We first developed a novel acid and surfactant assisted protein precipitation method for the extraction of BMS-986104 and BMS-986104-P from rat tissues, and determined their recoveries using tissue QCs by LC-MS/MS. We then used radioactive incurred samples from rats dosed with 3H-labeled BMS-986104 to determine the absolute total radioactivity recovery in six different tissues. The recoveries determined using tissue QCs and incurred samples matched with each other very well. The results demonstrated that, in this assay, tissue QCs accurately represented the incurred tissue samples to determine the "true" recovery, and LC-MS/MS assay was accurate for tissue bioanalysis. Another aspect we investigated is how the tissue QCs should be prepared to better represent the incurred tissue samples. We compared two different QC preparation methods (analyte spiked in tissue homogenates or in intact tissues) and demonstrated that the two methods had no significant difference when a good sample preparation was in place. The developed assay showed excellent accuracy and precision, and was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of BMS-986104 and BMS-986104-P in tissues in a rat toxicology study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yuan
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
| | - Li Ma
- Biotransformation, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Lisa Dillon
- Discovery Toxicology, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - R Marcus Fancher
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Huadong Sun
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Mingshe Zhu
- Biotransformation, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Lois Lehman-McKeeman
- Discovery Toxicology, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Anne-Françoise Aubry
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Qin C Ji
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Abstract
Drug analysis represents a large field in different disciplines. Plasma is commonly considered to be the biosample of choice for that purpose. However, concentrations often do not represent the levels present within deeper compartments and therefore cannot sufficiently explain efficacy or toxicology of drugs. MALDI-MS in drug analysis is of great interest for high-throughput quantification and particularly spatially resolved tissue imaging. The current perspective article will deal with challenges and opportunities of MALDI-MS drug analysis in different biological samples. A particular focus will be on hair samples. Recent applications were included, reviewed for their instrumental setup and sample preparation and pros and cons as well as future perspectives are critically discussed.
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28
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Masaki Y, Shimizu Y, Yoshioka T, Feng F, Zhao S, Higashino K, Numata Y, Kuge Y. Imaging Mass Spectrometry Revealed the Accumulation Characteristics of the 2-Nitroimidazole-Based Agent "Pimonidazole" in Hypoxia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161639. [PMID: 27580239 PMCID: PMC5007049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, or low oxygen concentration, is a key factor promoting tumor progression and angiogenesis and resistance of cancer to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 2-Nitroimidazole-based agents have been widely used in pathological and nuclear medicine examinations to detect hypoxic regions in tumors; in particular, pimonidazole is used for histochemical staining of hypoxic regions. It is considered to accumulate in hypoxic cells via covalent binding with macromolecules or by forming reductive metabolites after reduction of its nitro group. However, the detailed mechanism of its accumulation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the accumulation mechanism of pimonidazole in hypoxic tumor tissues in a mouse model by mass spectrometric analyses including imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). Pimonidazole and its reductive metabolites were observed in the tumor tissues. However, their locations in the tumor sections were not similar to the positively stained areas in pimonidazole-immunohistochemistry, an area considered hypoxic. The glutathione conjugate of reduced pimonidazole, a low-molecular-weight metabolite of pimonidazole, was found in tumor tissues by LC-MS analysis, and our IMS study determined that the intratumor localization of the glutathione conjugate was consistent with the area positively immunostained for pimonidazole. We also found complementary localization of the glutathione conjugate and reduced glutathione (GSH), implying that formation of the glutathione conjugate occurred in the tumor tissue. These results suggest that in hypoxic tumor cells, pimonidazole is reduced at its nitro group, followed by conjugation with GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Masaki
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeshi Yoshioka
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fei Feng
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Songji Zhao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Higashino
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Numata
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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29
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Moskovets E, Misharin A, Laiko V, Doroshenko V. A comparative study on the analytical utility of atmospheric and low-pressure MALDI sources for the mass spectrometric characterization of peptides. Methods 2016; 104:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of paritaprevir and ritonavir in rat liver. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1353-63. [PMID: 27277877 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Determination of paritaprevir and ritonavir in rat liver tissue samples. RESULTS We successfully validated a UPLC-MS/MS method to measure paritaprevir and ritonavir in rat liver using deuterated internal standards (d8-paritapervir and d6-ritonavir). The method is linear from 20 to 20,000 and 5 to 10,000 pg on column for paritaprevir and ritonavir, respectively, and is normalized per milligram tissue. Interday and intraday variability ranged from 0.591 to 5.33% and accuracy ranged from -6.68 to 10.1% for quality control samples. The method was then applied to the measurement of paritaprevir and ritonavir in rat liver tissue samples from a pilot study. CONCLUSION The validated method is suitable for measurement of paritaprevir and ritonavir within rat liver tissue samples for PK studies.
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31
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Khatal L, Gaur A, Naphade A, Kandikere V, Mookhtiar K. Impact of APCI ionization source in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based tissue distribution studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1676-85. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Fan YY, Avery LB, Wang M, O'Hara DM, Leung S, Neubert H. Tissue expression profile of human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in Tg32 transgenic mice. MAbs 2016; 8:848-53. [PMID: 27104806 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1178436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a homeostatic receptor responsible for prolonging immunoglobulin G (IgG) half-life by protecting it from lysosomal degradation and recycling it to systemic circulation. Tissue-specific FcRn expression is a critical parameter in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for translational pharmacokinetics of Fc-containing biotherapeutics. Using online peptide immuno-affinity chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry, we established a quantitative FcRn tissue protein expression profile in human FcRn (hFcRn) transgenic mice, Tg32 homozygous and hemizygous strains. The concentration of hFcRn across 14 tissues ranged from 3.5 to 111.2 pmole per gram of tissue. Our hFcRn quantification data from Tg32 mice will enable a more refined PBPK model to improve the accuracy of human PK predictions for Fc-containing biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yun Fan
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Lindsay B Avery
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Denise M O'Hara
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Sheldon Leung
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Hendrik Neubert
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
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Lanshoeft C, Stutz G, Elbast W, Wolf T, Walles M, Stoeckli M, Picard F, Kretz O. Analysis of small molecule antibody-drug conjugate catabolites in rat liver and tumor tissue by liquid extraction surface analysis micro-capillary liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:823-832. [PMID: 26969923 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are some of the most promising antibody-related therapeutics. The fate of the cytotoxic moiety of ADCs in vivo after proteolytic degradation of the antibody needs to be well understood in order to mitigate toxicity risks and design proper first in patient studies. METHODS The feasibility of liquid extraction surface analysis micro-capillary liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LESA-μLC/MS/MS) was tested for direct surface sampling of two possible ADC catabolites composed of synthetically modified maytansinoid (DM1) and 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carbonyl (MCC) from rat liver and tumor tissue. Moreover, the iMatrixSpray was incorporated to prepare calibration standards (Cs) and quality control (QC) samples by spraying analyte solution at different concentrations directly on blank tissue. RESULTS Lys-MCC-DM1 sprayed on blank liver tissue was homogeneously distributed (12.3% variability). The assay was selective (inference ≤20%) and linear from 50.0 to 1000 ng/mL without any carry-over. Inter-run accuracy and precision were ≤2.3% and ≤25.9% meeting acceptance. Lys-MCC-DM1 was the only catabolite detected in liver and tumor tissue and was most likely responsible for the total radioactivity signal in liver tissue 72 h post-dose measured by quantitative whole body autoradiography (QWBA). CONCLUSIONS Both analytical assays (LESA-μLC/MS/MS and QWBA) are complementary to each other and provide useful quantitative and qualitative information in spatial tissue distribution of ADCs and their related catabolites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lanshoeft
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Stutz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walid Elbast
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Wolf
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Walles
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Stoeckli
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 10, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franck Picard
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Kretz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Fan YY, Neubert H. Quantitative Analysis of Human Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) Tissue Expression in Transgenic Mice by Online Peptide Immuno-Affinity LC-HRMS. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4239-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yun Fan
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Hendrik Neubert
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In early drug-discovery research, traditional techniques to analyze drug concentrations in tissues for bioanalytical needs include bead beaters and probe homogenization devices, but are not as effective for tough fibrous tissues. To prepare these tissues, the enzyme collagenase was used to digest the collagen fibers present in epithelial and connective tissue. RESULTS The benefits of tissue homogenization using a bead beater following collagenase treatment of samples, as opposed to using bead beating alone, was investigated. Matrix effect, recovery factor and stability with and without collagenase were assessed. CONCLUSION Little to no effects on the quality and reliability of collagenase treated samples were observed. This enzymatic approach is a feasible and effective tool for tissue homogenization and subsequent analysis by LC-MS/MS.
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Tiered approach into practice: scientific validation for chromatography-based assays in early development – a recommendation from the European Bioanalysis Forum. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2387-2398. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The principles of tiered approach have been part of the bioanalytical toolbox for some years. Nevertheless, an in spite of many valuable discussions in industry, they remain difficult to apply in a harmonized way for a broad array of studies in early drug development where these alternative approaches to regulated validation would make sense. The European Bioanalysis Forum has identified the need to proposes some practical workflows for five categories of studies for chromatography based assays where scientific validation will allow additional freedom while safeguarding scientific rigor and robust documentation: quantification of metabolites in plasma in relation to ICH M3(R2), urine analysis, tissue homogenate analysis, and preclinical and clinical studies in early stages of drug development. The recommendation would introduce a common language and harmonized best practice for these study categories and can help to refocus towards optimized scientific and resource investments for bioanalysis in early drug development.
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Surrogate matrix: opportunities and challenges for tissue sample analysis. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2419-2433. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Often there is limited availability of matching tissue matrix and/or the analyte may occur endogenously in the target tissue. Surrogate matrix provides an option for quantitation of drug, metabolite(s) and biomarker(s) in these circumstances. However, the use of a surrogate matrix also presents challenges. This paper summarizes and discusses the challenges of selecting a proper surrogate, validating the suitability of the surrogate and establishing a surrogate tissue method using the fit-for-purpose approach. This paper also systematically reviews the current practices for evaluating key parameters of a surrogate tissue assay, including sensitivity, specificity, selectivity, interference, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effects and stability. Considerations and suggestions are provided for dealing with such challenges during method establishment and tissue sample analysis.
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Liu A, Lute J, Gu H, Wang B, Trouba KJ, Arnold ME, Aubry AF, Wang J. Challenges and solutions in the bioanalysis of BMS-986094 and its metabolites including a highly polar, active nucleoside triphosphate in plasma and tissues using LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015. [PMID: 26209768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BMS-986094, a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus, was withdrawn from clinical trials because of a serious safety issue. To investigate a potential association between drug/metabolite exposure and toxicity in evaluations conducted after the termination of the BMS-986094 development program, it was essential to determine the levels of BMS-986094 and its major metabolites INX-08032, INX-08144 and INX-09054 in circulation and the active nucleoside triphosphate INX-09114 in target and non-target tissues. However, there were many challenges in the bioanalysis of these compounds. The chromatography challenge for the extremely polar nucleoside triphosphate was solved by applying mixed-mode chromatography which combined anion exchange and reversed-phase interactions. The LC conditions provided adequate retention and good peak shape of the analyte and showed good robustness. A strategy using simultaneous extraction but separate LC analysis of the prodrug BMS-986094 and its major circulating metabolites was used to overcome a carryover issue of the hydrophobic prodrug while still achieving good chromatography of the polar metabolites. In addition, the nucleotide analytes were not stable in the presence of endogenous enzymes. Low pH and low temperature were required for blood collection and plasma sample processing. However, the use of phosphatase inhibitor and immediate homogenization and extraction were critical for the quantitative analysis of the active triphosphate, INX-09114, in tissue samples. To alleviate the bioanalytical complexity caused by multiple analytes, different matrices, and various species, a fit-for-purpose approach to assay validation was implemented based on the needs of drug safety assessment in non-clinical (GLP or non-GLP) studies. The assay for INX-08032 was fully validated in plasma of toxicology species. The lower limit of quantification was 1.00ng/mL and the linear curve range was 1.00-500.00ng/mL using a weighted (1/x(2)) linear regression model. Intra-assay and inter-assay precision (CV, %) ranged from 2.3% to 5.5% and accuracy within ±2.2% from nominal. INX-08032 was found to be stable in acidified mouse plasma for at least 24h in wet ice bath, 125 days at -70°C and following at least three freeze-thaw cycles. No endogenous components in plasma were found to interfere with the measurement. The extraction recovery was between 90% and 95%. The assays for BMS-986094, INX-08144, INX-09054 and INX-09114 were qualified with wider acceptance criteria for accuracy and precision. Analyte stability was also evaluated to guide sample collection, storage, and processing. These assays were successfully applied to an investigative toxicokinetic and tissue metabolite profiling study described in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Liu
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
| | - John Lute
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Huidong Gu
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Bonnie Wang
- Drug Safety Evaluation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Kevin J Trouba
- Drug Safety Evaluation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Mt Vernon, IN 47620, USA
| | - Mark E Arnold
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Anne-Françoise Aubry
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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Quantitative whole-body autoradiography, LC-MS/MS and MALDI for drug-distribution studies in biological samples: the ultimate matrix trilogy. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:377-91. [PMID: 24471957 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug-development process requires an understanding of the ADME properties of the novel therapeutic agent. Determination of drug concentrations and identity in excreta (urine and feces) examines the products of these processes. Similar measurements made on plasma, while accurately determining exposure, show only what is being transported around the body. Both activities fail to confirm the nature of components at the pharmacologically relevant matrix - the tissue. Attention is therefore being directed towards methods that can be employed to address this lack in our current methodologies, to provide better quality data on which risk assessments can be made, so that pharmacological models can be refined, and drug safety improved. In this article, we will look at the current methods used to obtain tissue drug and drug metabolite concentrations, and their potential use in drug discovery.
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Feedback from a European Bioanalysis Forum survey on bioanalysis of drugs in tissues. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1617-26. [PMID: 25077623 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue analysis has always been a difficult discipline of bioanalysis. Laboratories that perform bioanalysis in tissue are facing a lot of challenges and questions before starting experiments, from a scientific/technical point of view regarding more regulated aspects. Actually, literature is poor regarding the more technical and scientific aspects but also beyond that no clear guidance is available on this topic and laboratories performing tissue analysis face real ambiguity regarding regulatory requirements, always with the risk of under- or over-validation of the assay. For all of these reasons bioanalysis in tissue became a frequently discussed topic within the European Bioanalytical Forum (EBF) organization. The EBF then decided to treat this as a specific topic, and carried out a survey that was done in two steps between 2012 and 2013. This paper represents an exhaustive summary of the result of this survey that includes themost important aspects of tissue bioanalysis. This survey provided the team a good starting point for their discussions and resulted in an EBF recommendation paper published separately.
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Quantification of rilpivirine in human plasma, cervicovaginal fluid, rectal fluid and genital/rectal mucosal tissues using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1907-21. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A sensitive, specific and robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the quantification of rilpivirine in human plasma, genital/rectal biofluids and mucosal tissues. Methods: Plasma and tissue samples were extracted using protein precipitation (acetonitrile/water; 5:1 v/v), and genital/rectal biofluids absorbed onto ophthalmic swabs were extracted using liquid–liquid extraction (hexane/ethyl acetate; 80:20 v/v). A stable isotope-labeled internal standard (13C-d4-RPV) was used, and the assay was validated over a concentration range of 0.5–400 ng/ml. Conclusion: Inter- and intra-assay precision and accuracy met the acceptance as per US FDA bioanalytical guidelines. The validated assay has been used for the determination of rilpivirine concentrations in these matrices as part of an exploratory pharmacokinetic study investigating the suitability of a long-acting formulation of rilpivirine for pre-exposure prophylaxis.
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Recommendations from the European Bioanalysis Forum on method establishment for tissue homogenates. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1647-56. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue analysis has always been a difficult discipline of bioanalysis. Differences in scientific approaches or level of adherence to regulated guidelines have led to a growing ambiguity on how to perform tissue analysis, an ambiguity that starts with the question of if we analyze tissue or tissue homogenates. The European Bioanalysis Forum (EBF) is proposing a recommendation on how to perform method establishment and analysis of tissue homogenates. The recommendation is based on broad discussions and survey data from the EBF community and, as for many EBF recommendations, focuses on finding the right balance between science, technology and regulations.
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43
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Biological sample preparation: attempts on productivity increasing in bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1691-710. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is an important step of any biomedical analysis. Development and validation of fast, reproducible and reliable sample preparation methods would be very helpful in increasing productivity. Except for a few direct injection methods, almost all biological samples should at least be diluted before any analysis. Sometimes dilution is not possible because of the low concentration of the target analyte in the sample, and alternative pretreatments, such as filtration, precipitation and sample clean up using different extraction methods, are needed. This review focuses on the recent achievements in the pretreatment of biological samples and investigates them in six categories (i.e., dilution, filtration/dialysis, precipitation, extraction [solid-phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction], novel techniques [turbulent flow chromatography, immunoaffinity method, electromembrane extraction] and combined methods). Each category will be discussed according to its productivity rate and suitability for routine analysis, and the discussed methods will be compared according to the mentioned indices.
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Hu L, Agbokponto JE, Ding L, Liu B, Shi F, Gong C. Gradient elution mode for the troubleshooting of matrix effect on the determination of G004 in different tissues by LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:53-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Janvier Engelbert Agbokponto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Chuting Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
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Abstract
The last 10 years have witnessed robust debate within the bioanalytical community and regulatory authorities on the topic of metabolite monitoring and safety assessment. Of particular interest to regulated bioanalytical laboratories was the acceptance by the US FDA and other major regulatory bodies of a tiered approach to bioanalytical assay validation. The tiered approach defines a sliding scale of regulatory rigor for the evaluation of significant human metabolites that encompasses a range of assessments from semi-quantitative assays to fully validated assays, all of which can be used in support of regulatory submissions. This article describes the utilization of a tiered approach at Bristol-Myers Squibb and the decision trees guiding the selection of the appropriate level of assay qualification. Case studies illustrate how decisions are made, how different scientific situations influence the assay choice, and what criteria may be set to continue or discontinue metabolite monitoring in later drug development.
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Takai N, Tanaka Y, Saji H. Quantification of small molecule drugs in biological tissue sections by imaging mass spectrometry using surrogate tissue-based calibration standards. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:A0025. [PMID: 24738041 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of administered drugs in biological tissues is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying their efficacy or toxicity. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) may allow the quantification of targeted drugs in tissue sections along with the visualization of their spatial distribution. In this study, surrogate tissue-based calibration standards were prepared to quantify a small molecule drug (S-777469 or raclopride) in tissue sections of mice administered with the drug, followed by analysis with a linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source. The distribution of the drugs in the dissected organs was clearly visualized by MALDI-IMS. The drug concentration determined using the calibration standards prepared for MALDI-IMS analysis was highly consistent with that determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantification in multiple organs was enabled. The results of this study show that MALDI-IMS can be used to quantify small molecule drugs in biological tissue sections using surrogate tissue-based calibration standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Takai
- Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd
| | - Yukari Tanaka
- Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd
| | - Hideo Saji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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A case study of validation and sample analysis for the determination of zotarolimus in various tissues. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:811-7. [PMID: 23534425 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodistribution of drug and drug candidates offers critical information regarding drug disposition in target and nontarget tissues. Concentrations of therapeutic agents in target tissue provide the foundation for efficacy, while concentrations in nontarget tissue pose potential safety risks. Analysis of tissue samples can sometimes provide important information during the development of a drug candidate, especially at early stages when radio labeled drug material is not readily available. RESULTS Determining the appropriate approach to allow for accurate, precise and reproducible drug concentration measurements from tissue samples requires addressing issues not present in routinely analyzed biological matrices, that is, plasma. We present here the issues encountered and techniques applied during the development, validation and application of a method for the determination of zotarolimus in a variety of tissues. CONCLUSION When well controlled, analysis of tissue samples can be performed in a manner similar to liquid biological matrices.
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Porta T, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Gas-Phase Separation of Drugs and Metabolites Using Modifier-Assisted Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry Hyphenated to Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis and Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11771-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Porta
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Varesio
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Li P, Albrecht BJ, Yan X, Gao M, Weng HR, Bartlett MG. A rapid analytical method for the quantification of paclitaxel in rat plasma and brain tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2127-34. [PMID: 23996385 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Paclitaxel, an antitumor agent for the treatment of several types of cancers, has recently been reported to cause impaired cognitive function and neuropathic pain in humans. To assess the effects of paclitaxel on the central nervous system, a sensitive and accurate method is required to quantify paclitaxel concentrations in plasma and brain tissue obtained from rodents receiving paclitaxel. METHODS The biological samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction and separated by a 3.5 min reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) method using a BDS Hypersil C8 column under isocratic conditions. Paclitaxel was quantified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer working in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) mode. A stable isotope labeled analogue of paclitaxel was used as the internal standard (IS). RESULTS The method was validated to be precise and accurate within the dynamic range of 0.5-100 ng/mL based on 100 μL plasma and 1.5-300 ng/g based on 33 mg of brain tissue in homogenate. This method was applied to samples from 2 mg/kg intravenously dosed rats. The plasma concentrations were observed to be 26.62 ± 8.93 ng/mL and brain concentrations 11.08 ± 4.18 ng/g when measured 4 h post-dose. CONCLUSIONS This rapid LC/MS/MS method was validated to be sensitive, specific, precise and accurate for the quantification of paclitaxel in rat plasma and brain tissue homogenate. Application of the method to study samples provided sufficient proof of blood-brain barrier penetration of paclitaxel, allowing further investigation of its influence on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2352, USA
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