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Chunyk AG, Joyce A, Fischer SK, Dysinger M, Mikulskis A, Jeromin A, Lawrence-Henderson R, Baker D, Yeung D. A Multi-site In-depth Evaluation of the Quanterix Simoa from a User’s Perspective. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 20:10. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stephen L, Schwarz E, Guest PC. Multiplex Immunoassay Profiling of Serum in Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 974:149-156. [PMID: 28353231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52479-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex immunoassays allow for the rapid profiling of biomarker proteins in biological fluids, using less sample and labour than in single immunoassays. This chapter details the methods to develop and manufacture a 5-plex immunoassay for the Luminex® platform. Although assay development is not included here, the same methods can be used to covalently couple antibodies to the Luminex beads and to label antibodies for the screening of sandwich pairs, if needed. An example will be given for the analysis of five hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1, growth hormone, insulin, leptin and thyroid-stimulating hormone) in serum samples from schizophrenia patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Stephen
- Ampersand Biosciences, 3 Main Street, Saranac Lake, NY, USA.
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255 F/01, Cidade Universitária ZeferinoVaz, 13083-862, Campinas, Brazil
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Soderstrom C, Berstein G, Zhang W, Valdez H, Fitz L, Kuhn M, Fraser S. Ultra-Sensitive Measurement of IL-17A and IL-17F in Psoriasis Patient Serum and Skin. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1218-1222. [PMID: 28534291 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 17 is a family of cytokines that play a central role in many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-17A has been implicated as a key driver of psoriasis, mediating a chronic cycle of T-cell activation, keratinocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. It has been hypothesized that expression of IL-17A and the related cytokine IL-17F could be used as predictive biomarkers for therapeutic response, though they have been difficult to measure locally or in circulation because of their low abundance. We developed ultrasensitive methods for measuring IL-17A and IL-17F in human serum samples and found that serum from psoriasis patients had higher and a broader range of concentrations of both IL-17 proteins compared to healthy volunteers. We also adapted these methods for tissue biopsies and saw higher concentrations of both IL-17 proteins in psoriatic lesions, but they were undetectable in non-lesional skin from the same patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Berstein
- Pfizer Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Pfizer Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hernan Valdez
- Pfizer Global Innovative Pharmaceuticals, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lori Fitz
- Pfizer Precision Medicine Bioanalytical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Max Kuhn
- Research Statistics, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
Multiplex immunoassays allow for the rapid profiling of biomarker proteins in biological fluids, using less sample and labor than single immunoassays. This chapter details the methods to develop and manufacture multiplex assays for the Luminex® platform. Although assay development is not included here, the same methods can be used to covalently couple antibodies to the Luminex beads and to label antibodies for the screening of sandwich pairs, if needed. The assay optimization, detection of cross-reactivity, and minimizing antibody interactions and matrix interferences will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Stephen
- Ampersand Biosciences, 3 Main Street, Saranac Lake, NY, USA.
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2016 White Paper on recent issues in bioanalysis: focus on biomarker assay validation (BAV): (Part 3 – LBA, biomarkers and immunogenicity). Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2475-2496. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2016 10th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (10th WRIB) took place in Orlando, Florida with participation of close to 700 professionals from pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, contract research organizations, and regulatory agencies worldwide. WRIB was once again a weeklong event – A Full Immersion Week of Bioanalysis for PK, Biomarkers and Immunogenicity. As usual, it is specifically designed to facilitate sharing, reviewing, discussing and agreeing on approaches to address the most current issues of interest including both small and large molecules involving LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS, and LBA approaches, with the focus on PK, biomarkers and immunogenicity. This 2016 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop, and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. This White Paper is published in 3 parts due to length. This part (Part 3) discusses the recommendations for large molecule bioanalysis using LBA, biomarkers and immunogenicity. Parts 1 (small molecule bioanalysis using LCMS) and Part 2 (Hybrid LBA/LCMS and regulatory inputs from major global health authorities) have been published in the Bioanalysis journal, issues 22 and 23, respectively.
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Bioanalytical challenges and improved detection of circulating levels of IL-13. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:323-32. [PMID: 26847873 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-13 is a key mediator of type 2 inflammation-driven diseases. Circulating IL-13 levels are very low and challenging to detect reliably. We assessed the ability of immunoassays on the Erenna(®) and IMPACT platforms to measure serum IL-13 in asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and in healthy controls (HC). RESULTS The Erenna IL-13 assay exhibited significant specificity issues and had limited ability to detect IL-13 in serum samples. The IMPACT IL-13 assay had excellent specificity and detected IL-13 in 100% of serum samples tested from asthma, IPF and AD patients and HC. Serum IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in asthma, IPF and AD patients, relative to HC. CONCLUSION The IMPACT IL-13 assay had fg/ml sensitivity and excellent specificity, enabling reliable detection of circulating levels of IL-13.
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Jani D, Allinson J, Berisha F, Cowan KJ, Devanarayan V, Gleason C, Jeromin A, Keller S, Khan MU, Nowatzke B, Rhyne P, Stephen L. Recommendations for Use and Fit-for-Purpose Validation of Biomarker Multiplex Ligand Binding Assays in Drug Development. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 18:1-14. [PMID: 26377333 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex ligand binding assays (LBAs) are increasingly being used to support many stages of drug development. The complexity of multiplex assays creates many unique challenges in comparison to single-plexed assays leading to various adjustments for validation and potentially during sample analysis to accommodate all of the analytes being measured. This often requires a compromise in decision making with respect to choosing final assay conditions and acceptance criteria of some key assay parameters, depending on the intended use of the assay. The critical parameters that are impacted due to the added challenges associated with multiplexing include the minimum required dilution (MRD), quality control samples that span the range of all analytes being measured, quantitative ranges which can be compromised for certain targets, achieving parallelism for all analytes of interest, cross-talk across assays, freeze-thaw stability across analytes, among many others. Thus, these challenges also increase the complexity of validating the performance of the assay for its intended use. This paper describes the challenges encountered with multiplex LBAs, discusses the underlying causes, and provides solutions to help overcome these challenges. Finally, we provide recommendations on how to perform a fit-for-purpose-based validation, emphasizing issues that are unique to multiplex kit assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Jani
- Pfizer Inc., One Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts, 01810, USA.
| | - John Allinson
- LGC Ltd, Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Flora Berisha
- Kyowa-Kirin Pharmaceuticals, 212 Carnegie Center #101, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Kyra J Cowan
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | | | - Carol Gleason
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Andreas Jeromin
- Quanterix Corporation, 113 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, Massachusetts, 02421, USA
| | - Steve Keller
- Abbvie Inc., 1500 Seaport Blvd, Redwood City, California, 94063, USA
| | - Masood U Khan
- KCAS Bioanalytical and Biomarker Services, 12400 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Shawnee, Kansas, 66216, USA
| | - Bill Nowatzke
- Radix Biosolutions, 111 Cooperative Way #120, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Paul Rhyne
- Quintiles Corporation, 1600 Terrell Mill Road Suite 100, Marietta, Georgia, 30067, USA
| | - Laurie Stephen
- Ampersand Biosciences, LLC, 3 Main St., Saranac Lake, New York, 12983, USA
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Gaye B, Sikkema D, Lee TN. Development of an ultra-sensitive single molecule counting assay for the detection of interleukin-13 as a marker for asthmatic severity. J Immunol Methods 2015; 426:82-5. [PMID: 26284890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-13 (IL-13) has been difficult to quantify within human serum due to low abundance. Available assays have not been sensitive enough to detect IL-13 at the femtogram level. Thus, there are inconsistencies within the published literature as to IL-13 concentrations in normal or disease populations. To better understand IL-13 serum concentrations, a highly sensitive immunoassay was developed and used to determine concentrations from asthmatics with varying clinical severities. METHODS A single molecule counting (SMC) method was used to analyze serum samples from a total of 145 individuals (60 severe asthma, 60 moderate asthma, 60 mild asthma and 23 healthy donors). RESULTS IL-13 concentrations correlated with severity of asthma, with overlapping ranges. Mean IL-13 levels were highest in severe asthma. Mean IL-13 levels in moderate asthma population were second highest followed by mild asthma with the lowest IL-13 concentration. IL-13 concentrations in healthy donors were similar to the mild asthmatic population. The average concentrations of IL-13 in severe, moderate, mild and healthy donors were 1.286pg/mL, 0.672pg/mL, 0.508pg/mL and 0.155pg/mL respectively. CONCLUSION Severe asthma patients have elevated levels of IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyenoh Gaye
- Clinical Immunology, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, United States.
| | - Dan Sikkema
- Clinical Immunology, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, United States
| | - Thomas N Lee
- Clinical Immunology, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, United States
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When close is not close enough: a comparison of endogenous and recombinant biomarker stability samples. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1355-60. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dr Stephanie Fraser is an Associate Research Fellow in the Pharmocokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism department at Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut. Since 2010 she has led a small but ambitious group of scientists that provide ligand-binding and immunoassay-based support to clinical biomarker programs across multiple therapeutic areas. Prior to joining Pfizer, Stephanie spent 5 years in preclinical toxicology at Charles River Laboratories where she managed a flow cytometry laboratory. She received her PhD in cellular and molecular biology from the University of Nevada, Reno in 1999 and has since focused on biomarker development and fit-for-purpose bioanalytical assays. Stability for biomarkerassays should be established during method validation using actual samples. Due to contradictory reference papers and a near absence of biomarker guidance documents actual samples are commonly replaced with spiked validation samples. This practice often fails to identify the stability of the endogenous biomarker. Spiked QC and endogenous biomarker sample data were collected for two immunoassays, TGF- β1 and IL-13. Following one freeze/thaw cycle purified TGF-β1 recovery ranged between 87-110% whereas endogenous TGF-β1 was 5-96%. Spiked recombinant IL-13 validation samples were stable for 4 months, whereas placebo samples were stable for 15 months. In these two cases stability established with purified and recombinant protein did not reflect the endogenous protein stability.
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