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Díez-Pascual AM. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 4.0. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3032. [PMID: 38474275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene and its derivatives, has experienced exponential development in recent years [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Xu XL, Wang B, Liu YW, Li WX, Wu JY, Yuan H, Xu X, Chen D. In-pipette-tip natural-feather-supported liquid microextraction for conveniently extracting hydrophobic compounds in aqueous samples: A proof-of-concept study. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Use of Hierarchical Carbon Nanofibers Decorated with NiCo Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Vortioxetine Determination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314555. [PMID: 36498883 PMCID: PMC9739381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new voltammetry method for the highly sensitive antidepressant drug vortioxetine (VOR) is presented using glassy carbon electrodes modified with hierarchical carbon nanofibers with NiCo nanoparticles (eCNF/CNT/NiCo-GCE). The electrochemical behavior of VOR was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which indicates that its oxidation is an adsorption-controlled process with the exchange of two electrons and one proton. The effects of various factors on the VOR peak, such as supporting electrolyte type, preconcentration time, and potential, or influence of interferents, were tested using the square wave voltammetry technique (SWV). The linear voltametric response for the analyte was obtained in the concentration range from 0.01·10-6 to 3.0·10-6 mol L-1 with the detection limit of 1.55·10-9 mol L-1 for a preconcentration time of 60 s. The proposed method was successfully applied for highly sensitive VOR determination in complex matrices such as tablets, urine, and plasma with good recovery parameter.
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Wróblewski K, Szultka-Młyńska M, Janiszewska D, Petruczynik A, Buszewski B. Development of the Validated Stability-Indicating Method for the Determination of Vortioxetine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation by HPLC-DAD, Stress Degradation Kinetics Studies and Detection of Degradation Products by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061883. [PMID: 35335245 PMCID: PMC8953571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vortioxetine (VOR) is a new antidepressant drug used to treat major depressive disorder. In this work, a novel, simple, rapid, accurate, precise, selective, stability-indicating, and fully validated high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed to determine VOR in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. A Polar-RP column was used, with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), acetate buffer pH 3.5, and addition of diethylamine (DEA) in the isocratic elution mode. Assessing the stability of the VOR is fundamental to guarantee the efficacy, safety, and quality of drug products. In this study, the VOR active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and tablets were subjected to a detailed study of forced degradation, using several degrading agents (acid, alkaline, water, heat, light, and oxidation agents). The developed HPLC-DAD method allows the collection of all the essential data to determine degradation kinetics. It was found that the decomposition of vortioxetine is fragile towards oxidative conditions and photolysis, yielding the first-order and second-order kinetic reaction in the above stress conditions, respectively. The degradation products (DPs) were identified by the high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS) method. The HPLC-DAD method was successfully applied for the quantification of VOR in tablets. Additionally, in silico toxicity prediction of the DPs was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wróblewski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Laboratory for Innovative Research in Pharmacology, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research, University of Rzeszów, Werynia 2A, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (D.J.); (B.B.)
| | - Daria Janiszewska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (D.J.); (B.B.)
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (D.J.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Soares S, Rosado T, Barroso M, Gallardo E. New Method for the Monitoring of Antidepressants in Oral Fluid Using Dried Spot Sampling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121284. [PMID: 34959684 PMCID: PMC8709135 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the consumption of antidepressants is a public health problem worldwide, as these are a class of compounds widely used in the treatment of several illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. This work aimed to develop and optimize a method for the quantification of a number of antidepressants and their metabolites (fluoxetine, venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, citalopram, sertraline, and paroxetine) in 100 µL of oral fluid using the dried saliva spots (DSS) sampling approach and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The method was validated, presenting linearity within the studied range, with detection and quantification limits ranging between 10 and 100 ng/mL, and coefficients of determination (R2) of at least 0.99 for all analytes. Recoveries were between approximately 13 and 46%. The analysis of precision and accuracy presented acceptable coefficients of variation and relative errors, considering the criteria usually accepted in the validation of bioanalytical procedures. The method herein described is the first to be reported using DSS for the extraction of antidepressants, proving to be a sensitive, simple, and fast alternative to conventional techniques, and capable of being routinely applied in clinical and forensic toxicology scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Soares
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses—Delegação do Sul, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-127-532-9002
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Xu RA, Luo S, Lin Q, Shao Y, Chen C, Ye X. Inhibitory effect of propafenone on vortioxetine metabolism in vitro and in vivo. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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7
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Tiris G, Alver C, Erk N. A novel stability-indicating method for determination of a new antidepressant effect of vortioxetine in a pharmaceutical formulation by using RP-HPLC. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A novel rapid, accurate, and stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and first derivative spectrophotometric determination were explained for the assay of vortioxetine (VRT) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. For RP-HPLC method, optimal separation and determination of VRT were achieved with a Waters Symmetry C18, (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) analytical column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol:0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH:3.0 ± 0.05) (30:70, v/v) in isocratic mode with flow rate of 1.3 mL min−1. Injection volume was 20 μL. The maximum absorption wavelength of VRT is 225.0 nm; hence, 225.0 nm was studied as the detection wavelength and column at 50 °C temperature. The caffeine was used as the internal standard (IS). On the other hand, the first derivative spectrophotometric method for the analysis of vortioxetine was performed by measuring the amplitude at 251.7 and 272.6 nm.
Result
The HPLC method was found to be linear in the concentration ranges of 10.0-70.0 μg mL−1 with the coefficient value R2 of 0.9998, and the mean recovery value was 100.7%. Further stability studies were done through exposure of the analyte solutions to various stress conditions: acid, alkali hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, and exposure to UV radiation. For the first derivative spectrophotometric method, linearity was observed in the concentration range 6.0-30.0 μg mL−1 (for 237.7 nm R2 = 0.9999 and for 257.2 nm R2 = 0.9997).
Conclusion
The methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection, precision, and limit of quantification.
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8
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Gu EM, Shao Y, Xu WF, Ye L, Xu RA. UPLC-MS/MS for simultaneous quantification of vortioxetine and its metabolite Lu AA34443 in rat plasma and its application to drug interactions. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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9
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Marasca C, Protti M, Mandrioli R, Atti AR, Armirotti A, Cavalli A, De Ronchi D, Mercolini L. Whole blood and oral fluid microsampling for the monitoring of patients under treatment with antidepressant drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Mahnashi MH. Synthesis of three-dimensional nickel ferrite nanospheres decorated activated graphite nanoplatelets for electrochemical detection of vortioxetine with pharmacokinetic insights in human volunteers. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:519. [PMID: 32852618 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An innovative electrochemical nanoprobe was developed for determination of vortioxetine (VORT), a serotonergic antidepressant drug, for the first time. The fabrication of the nanoprobe is based on decoration of a glassy carbon electrode with three-dimensional nickel ferrite nanospheres modified activated graphite nanoplatelets (3D NiFe2O4 NS/AGNP/GCE). The morphological characterization of the nanoprobe was carried out via scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), N2-adsorption-desorption isotherm, and powder X-ray spectroscopy (PXRD). In addition, the electrochemical behavior of the nanoprobe was described using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A well-defined and irreversible peak at 0.82 V was seen at the surface of 3D NiFe2O4 NS/AGNP/GCE. The proposed nanoprobe exhibited outstanding electro-catalytic activity towards VORT oxidation. Under the optimized conditions, the anodic oxidation currents were linearly proportional to VORT concentration at the working range 1.8-90 nM with a LOD of 0.55 nM. The nanoprobe was used to determine VORT in pharmaceutical tablets and human plasma samples. Satisfactory recoveries and RSD percentages were obtained in the range 103.8-107.7% (RSD% = 2.7-3.1%) and 101.4-105.3% (RSD % = 2.8-3.4%) for tablets and plasma samples, respectively. Moreover, the method was used to monitor VORT during a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers with satisfactory results. The 3D NiFe2O4 NS/AGNP/GCE shows excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, and selectivity towards VORT detection. The proposed electrode could be utilized as simple, rapid, and inexpensive sensing tool for routine analysis and during pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigations. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mater H Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Wang Q, Chen Z, Chen D, Luo S, Xie L. Simultaneous quantification of vortioxetine, fluoxetine and their metabolites in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4960. [PMID: 32729624 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a specific and quick ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was fully developed and validated for simultaneous measurement of the rat plasma levels of vortioxetine (VOR), Lu AA34443 (the major metabolite of VOR), fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine with diazepam as the internal standard (IS). After a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile for sample preparation, the separation of the analytes were performed on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column, with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase by gradient elution. The detection was achieved on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring mode via an electrospray ionization source. Good linearity was observed in the calibration curve for each analyte. The data of precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery and stability all conformed to the bioanalytical method validation of acceptance criteria of US Food and Drug Administration recommendations. The newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method allowed simultaneous quantification of VOR, fluoxetine and their metabolites for the first time and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingwen Chen
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shunbin Luo
- The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingping Xie
- The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Kertys M, Krivosova M, Ondrejka I, Hrtanek I, Tonhajzerova I, Mokry J. Simultaneous determination of fluoxetine, venlafaxine, vortioxetine and their active metabolites in human plasma by LC-MS/MS using one-step sample preparation procedure. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 181:113098. [PMID: 31978643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of antidepressant therapy is to induce remission and prevent relapses of major depressive disorder with minimum adverse effects during the treatment. Due to high variability in metabolism, therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended as a useful tool for individualisation of the therapy. For this purpose, we have developed simple and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for quantification of fluoxetine (FLX), venlafaxine (VEN), vortioxetine (VTX) and their active metabolites norfluoxetine (NFLX) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). After one-step extraction procedure using OSTRO plate, analytes were separated by gradient elution on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column with runtime 4.2 min. The detection was done on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with transitions at m/z 310.23 → 148.20 for FLX, m/z 296.23 → 134.20 for NFLX, m/z 278.31 → 121.13 for VEN, m/z 264.31 → 107.14 for ODV and m/z 299.19 → 150.05 for VTX using a positive electrospray ionisation interface. The method was successfully validated according to the European Medicine Agency guideline for the selectivity, linearity and lower limit of detection, precision and accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery, carryover, dilution integrity and stability over a concentration range of 1-300 ng/mL for FLX, NFLX, VEN, ODV and 0.2-100 ng/mL VTX. Extraction recovery for each analyte was > 80 %, and no significant matrix effects were observed. The developed method was employed for quantification of antidepressants in clinical samples from patients treated with either FLX, VEN, or VTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kertys
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michaela Krivosova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Ondrejka
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Hrtanek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Mokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
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Atila Karaca S, Rashidova N, Uğur A, Yeniceli Uğur D. Development of a simple HPLC method for the quantitation of vortioxetine in pharmaceuticals using DoE approach. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-01008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The fabrication of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on AuNPs@graphene nanocomposite: Application to the determination of antidepressant vortioxetine. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Guan S, Zou Y, Jia B, Wu L, Yang Z, Yuan F, Zhang L. Pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of Vortioxetine in rats using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4469-4479. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Guan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Center for Biopharmaceuticals; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yake Zou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Jia
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lvying Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration; School of Pharmacy; Guang Dong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration; School of Pharmacy; Guang Dong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Center for Biopharmaceuticals; Guangzhou P. R. China
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de Diego M, Correa D, Mennickent S, Godoy R, Vergara C. Determination of vortioxetine and its degradation product in bulk and tablets, by LC-DAD and MS/MS methods. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4340. [PMID: 30001570 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vortioxetine hydrobromide (VOR), is a novel antidepressant used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It has a chemical structure susceptible to degradation, therefore it is important to have suitable analytical methods to determine VOR in presence of its main degradation products (DP), because if the compound degrades, this could result in diminution of the therapeutic activity and safety. A simple HPLC method with photodiode array detection was developed and validated for determination of VOR in bulk and tablets, in the presence of its major DP. The drug was subjected to oxidative, hydrolytic, and photolytic stress conditions, showing significant degradation under oxidation with the formation of one DP, which was identified by ESI-MS/MS. A C18 column was used, with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water with acetic acid and triethylamine in isocratic elution mode, with detection at 228 nm and 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The assay was linear in the 25-125 μg/mL concentration range. For precision, the RSD was <1.8%, the recovery was 100.0-101.6%, and the method demonstrated adequate selectivity. The method was successfully applied to quantify VOR in tablets. The results showed that the method is useful for routine analysis and for quality control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta de Diego
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Diana Correa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Ricardo Godoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carola Vergara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Findling RL, Robb AS, DelBello M, Huss M, McNamara N, Sarkis E, Scheffer R, Poulsen LH, Chen G, Lemming OM, Areberg J, Auby P. Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Vortioxetine in Pediatric Patients. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017; 27:526-534. [PMID: 28333546 PMCID: PMC5568018 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability of single and multiple doses of vortioxetine in children and adolescents with a depressive or anxiety disorder and to provide supportive information for appropriate dosing regimens for pediatric clinical trials. METHODS This prospective, open-label, multinational, multisite, multiple-dose trial enrolled 48 patients (children and adolescents; 1:1 ratio) divided into 8 cohorts (4 adolescent and 4 child), with each cohort including 6 patients. The cohorts in each age group were assigned to receive one of four dosing regimens: vortioxetine 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg q.d. for 14 days. The total treatment period lasted 14-20 days with patients in the higher dose cohorts uptitrated over 2-6 days. Plasma samples for PK analysis were obtained on the first and last days of dosing. RESULTS Among children and adolescents, respectively, 62% and 92% had depression and 58% and 33% had anxiety disorder. Comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was present in 50% of children and 38% of adolescents. After 14 days q.d. at the target dose, the PK of vortioxetine concentrations was generally proportional to the dose in both age groups. Exposure, as assessed by maximum plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 hours, was 30%-40% lower in adolescents than in children. There was no significant relationship between sex, height, or ADHD diagnosis and PK parameters. Most adverse events were mild in severity and consistent with those seen in adults. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the dosages of vortioxetine evaluated (5-20 mg q.d.; approved for treatment in adults) and the uptitration schedule used are appropriate for pediatric efficacy and safety trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Findling
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adelaide S. Robb
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Health, Children's National Health Systems, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Melissa DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael Huss
- Universitätsmedizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -Psychotherapie, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nora McNamara
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Russell Scheffer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas
| | | | - Grace Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Takeda Development Center Americas, Deerfield, Illinois
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Direct coupling of electromembrane extraction to mass spectrometry - Advancing the probe functionality toward measurements of zwitterionic drug metabolites. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 983:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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