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Parit S, Manchare A, Gholap AD, Mundhe P, Hatvate N, Rojekar S, Patravale V. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A promising breakthrough in cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124211. [PMID: 38750981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) provide effective cancer treatment through the selective delivery of cytotoxic payloads to the cancer cells. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. Despite several advantages, there is a requirement for innovations in the molecular design of ADC owing to drug resistance, cancer heterogeneity along the adverse effects of treatment. The review critically analyses ADC function mechanisms, unraveling the intricate interplay between antibodies, linkers, and payloads in facilitating targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. The article also highlights notable advancements in antibody engineering, which aid in creating highly selective and potent ADCs. Additionally, the review details significant progress in clinical ADC development with an in-depth examination of pivotal trials and approved formulations. Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a ground-breaking approach to targeted drug delivery, especially in cancer treatment. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of ADC development, covering their design, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. The article emphasizes the need for greater precision in drug delivery and explains why ADCs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Parit
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit Manchare
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Mundhe
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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2
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Yu Y, Tian W, Grauffel C, Lin W, Hsieh M, Wu P, Lee H, Peng C, Lin P, Chu H, Lim C, Chang TW. An Antibody-Drug Conjugate for Multiple Myeloma Prepared by Multi-Arm Linkers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307852. [PMID: 38477561 PMCID: PMC11132082 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
First-line treatment of multiple myeloma, a prevalent blood cancer lacking a cure, using anti-CD38 daratumumab antibody and lenalidomide is often inadequate due to relapse and severe side effects. To enhance drug safety and efficacy, an antibody-drug conjugate, TE-1146, comprising six lenalidomide drug molecules site-specifically conjugated to a reconfigured daratumumab to deliver cytotoxic lenalidomide to tumor cells is developed. TE-1146 is prepared using the HighDAR platform, which employs i) a maleimide-containing "multi-arm linker" to conjugate multiple drug molecules creating a drug bundle, and ii) a designed peptide with a Zn2+-binding cysteine at the C-termini of a reconfigured daratumumab for site-specific drug bundle conjugation. It is shown that TE-1146 remains intact and effectively enters CD38-expressing tumor cells, releasing lenalidomide, leading to enhanced cell-killing effects compared to lenalidomide/daratumumab alone or their combination. This reveals the remarkable potency of lenalidomide once internalized by myeloma cells. TE-1146 precisely delivers lenalidomide to target CD38-overexpressing tumor cells. In contrast, lenalidomide without daratumumab cannot easily enter cells, whereas daratumumab without lenalidomide relies on Fc-dependent effector functions to kill tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh‐Hsiang Yu
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Ting Tian
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
| | | | - Wei‐Chen Lin
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Yu Hsieh
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Wen Wu
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hui‐Ju Lee
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Jiun Peng
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Hsuan Lin
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hsing‐Mao Chu
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Carmay Lim
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaAcademia Rd.Taipei115Taiwan
| | - Tse Wen Chang
- Immunwork, Inc.Academia Rd., Sec. 1, NangangTaipei115Taiwan
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang L, Zheng P, Zi G, Liu H, Liu W, Wei S. Drug conjugates for the treatment of lung cancer: from drug discovery to clinical practice. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38429828 PMCID: PMC10908151 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug conjugate consists of a cytotoxic drug bound via a linker to a targeted ligand, allowing the targeted delivery of the drug to one or more tumor sites. This approach simultaneously reduces drug toxicity and increases efficacy, with a powerful combination of efficient killing and precise targeting. Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are the best-known type of drug conjugate, combining the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce adverse reactions by preferentially targeting the payload to the tumor. The structure of ADCs has also provided inspiration for the development of additional drug conjugates. In recent years, drug conjugates such as ADCs, peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) and radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The scope and application of drug conjugates have been expanding, including combination therapy and precise drug delivery, and a variety of new conjugation technology concepts have emerged. Additionally, new conjugation technology-based drugs have been developed in industry. In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug conjugate therapy has undergone continuous development and made significant progress in treating lung cancer in recent years, offering a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of drug conjugates for lung cancer treatment, including structure-based drug design, mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and side effects. Furthermore, challenges, potential approaches and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanglong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guisha Zi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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4
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Dudchak R, Podolak M, Holota S, Szewczyk-Roszczenko O, Roszczenko P, Bielawska A, Lesyk R, Bielawski K. Click chemistry in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106982. [PMID: 37995642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) are a new class of anticancer therapeutics with immense potential. They have been rapidly advancing in the last two decades. This fast speed of development has become possible due to several new technologies and methods. One of them is Click Chemistry, an approach that was created only two decades ago, but already is actively utilized for bioconjugation, material science and drug discovery. In this review, we researched the impact of Click Chemistry reactions on the synthesis and development of ADCs. The information about the most frequently utilized reactions, such as Michael's addition, Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition (CuAAC), Strain-promoted azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition (SPAAC), oxime bond formation, hydrazine-iso-Pictet-Spengler Ligation (HIPS), Diels-Alder reactions have been summarized. The implementation of thiol-maleimide Click Chemistry reaction in the synthesis of numerous FDA-approved Antibody-Drug Conjugates has been reported. The data amassed in the present review provides better understanding of the importance of Click Chemistry in the synthesis, development and improvement of the Antibody-Drug Conjugates and it will be helpful for further researches related to ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Dudchak
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Magdalena Podolak
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Olga Szewczyk-Roszczenko
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Piotr Roszczenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv 79010, Ukraine.
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
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5
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Fu Z, Li S, Han S, Shi C, Zhang Y. Antibody drug conjugate: the "biological missile" for targeted cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:93. [PMID: 35318309 PMCID: PMC8941077 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 227.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is typically composed of a monoclonal antibody (mAbs) covalently attached to a cytotoxic drug via a chemical linker. It combines both the advantages of highly specific targeting ability and highly potent killing effect to achieve accurate and efficient elimination of cancer cells, which has become one of the hotspots for the research and development of anticancer drugs. Since the first ADC, Mylotarg® (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), was approved in 2000 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there have been 14 ADCs received market approval so far worldwide. Moreover, over 100 ADC candidates have been investigated in clinical stages at present. This kind of new anti-cancer drugs, known as "biological missiles", is leading a new era of targeted cancer therapy. Herein, we conducted a review of the history and general mechanism of action of ADCs, and then briefly discussed the molecular aspects of key components of ADCs and the mechanisms by which these key factors influence the activities of ADCs. Moreover, we also reviewed the approved ADCs and other promising candidates in phase-3 clinical trials and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for the development of next generations, which provide insights for the research and development of novel cancer therapeutics using ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifei Han
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, (Parkville Campus) 381 Royal Parade,, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Walles M, Berna MJ, Jian W, Hauri S, Hengel S, King L, Tran JC, Wei C, Xu K, Zhu X. A Cross Company Perspective on the Assessment of Therapeutic Protein Biotransformation. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:846-857. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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7
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Shah P, Shende P. Biomacromolecule-Functionalized Nanoparticle-Based Conjugates for Potentiation of Anticancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:31-48. [PMID: 34872476 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666211206102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a rapidly growing life-threatening disease that affected 18.1 million people worldwide in 2018. Various conventional techniques like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are considered as a mainstream treatment for patients but show some limitations like cytotoxicity due to off-targeted action, poor intra-tumor localization, development of multi-drug resistance by tumor cells, physical and psychological stresses, etc. Such limitations have motivated the scientists to work towards more patient-centric and precision therapy using advanced drug delivery systems like liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoconjugates, etc. However, these carriers also face limitations like poor biocompatibility, lesser payload capacity, leakage of encapsulated drug, and short-term stability. So, this review article explores the profound insights for the development of biomacromolecule-functionalized nanoconjugates to potentiate the anticancer activity of therapeutic agents for various cancers like lung, colorectal, ovarian, breast and liver cancer. Researchers have shown interest in biofunctionalized nanoconjugates because of advantages like biocompatibility, site-specificity with better localization, higher entrapment with long-term stability and lesser off-target toxicity. The progressive trend of biomacromolecule nanoconjugates will encourage further research for the development of effective transport of drugs, nutraceuticals and phytoconstituents for on-site effect at cancer microenvironment and tumor cells with higher safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Shah
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai. India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai. India
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8
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Cordova JC, Sun S, Bos J, Thirumalairajan S, Ghone S, Hirai M, Busse RA, der Hardt JSV, Schwartz I, Zhou J. Development of a Single-Step Antibody-Drug Conjugate Purification Process with Membrane Chromatography. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030552. [PMID: 33540865 PMCID: PMC7867349 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane chromatography is routinely used to remove host cell proteins, viral particles, and aggregates during antibody downstream processing. The application of membrane chromatography to the field of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has been applied in a limited capacity and in only specialized scenarios. Here, we utilized the characteristics of the membrane adsorbers, Sartobind® S and Phenyl, for aggregate and payload clearance while polishing the ADC in a single chromatographic run. The Sartobind® S membrane was used in the removal of excess payload, while the Sartobind® Phenyl was used to polish the ADC by clearance of unwanted drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) species and aggregates. The Sartobind® S membrane reproducibly achieved log-fold clearance of free payload with a 10 membrane-volume wash. Application of the Sartobind® Phenyl decreased aggregates and higher DAR species while increasing DAR homogeneity. The Sartobind® S and Phenyl membranes were placed in tandem to simplify the process in a single chromatographic run. With the optimized binding, washing, and elution conditions, the tandem membrane approach was performed in a shorter timescale with minimum solvent consumption and high yield. The application of the tandem membrane chromatography system presents a novel and efficient purification scheme that can be realized during ADC manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Cordova
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, PA 19007, USA; (J.C.C.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Sheng Sun
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, PA 19007, USA; (J.C.C.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Jeffrey Bos
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, PA 19007, USA; (J.C.C.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Srinath Thirumalairajan
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, PA 19007, USA; (J.C.C.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (S.G.)
- Seagen, 21717 30th Drive S.E., Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Sanjeevani Ghone
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, PA 19007, USA; (J.C.C.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Miyako Hirai
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany; (M.H.); (R.A.B.); (J.S.v.d.H.)
| | - Ricarda A. Busse
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany; (M.H.); (R.A.B.); (J.S.v.d.H.)
| | - Julia S. v. der Hardt
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany; (M.H.); (R.A.B.); (J.S.v.d.H.)
| | - Ian Schwartz
- Sartorius North America Inc., 565 Johnson Avenue, Bohemia, NY 11716, USA;
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, PA 19007, USA; (J.C.C.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-788-3603
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9
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Nagy G, Attah IK, Conant CR, Liu W, Garimella SVB, Gunawardena HP, Shaw JB, Smith RD, Ibrahim YM. Rapid and Simultaneous Characterization of Drug Conjugation in Heavy and Light Chains of a Monoclonal Antibody Revealed by High-Resolution Ion Mobility Separations in SLIM. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5004-5012. [PMID: 32142606 PMCID: PMC8754684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have recently gained traction in the biomedical community due to their promise for human therapeutics and an alternative to chemotherapy for cancer. Crucial metrics for ADC efficacy, safety, and selectivity are their drug-antibody ratios (DARs). However, DAR characterization (i.e., determining the average number of conjugated drugs on the antibody) through analytical methods remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of drug conjugation as well as the numerous post-translational modifications possible in the monoclonal antibody. Herein, we report on the use of high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry separations in structures for lossless ion manipulations coupled to mass spectrometry (SLIM IMS-MS) for the rapid and simultaneous characterization of the drug load profile (i.e., stoichiometric distribution of the number of conjugated drugs present on the mAb), determination of the weighted average DAR in both the heavy and light chains of a model antibody-drug conjugate, and calculation of the overall DAR of the ADC. After chemical reduction of the ADC and a subsequent 31.5 m SLIM IMS separation, the various drug-bound antibody species could be well resolved for both chains. We also show significantly higher resolution separations were possible for these large ions with SLIM IMS as compared to ones performed on a commercially available (1 m) drift tube IMS-MS platform. We expect high-resolution SLIM IMS separations will augment the existing toolbox for ADC characterization, particularly to enable the rapid optimization of DAR for a given ADC and thus better understand its potential toxicity and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabe Nagy
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Isaac K Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Christopher R Conant
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Weijing Liu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Harsha P Gunawardena
- Janssen Research & Development, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Jared B Shaw
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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10
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Antibody–drug conjugate bioanalysis using LB-LC–MS/MS hybrid assays: strategies, methodology and correlation to ligand-binding assays. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1383-401. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are complex drug constructs with multiple species in the heterogeneous mixture that contribute to their efficacy and toxicity. The bioanalysis of ADCs involves multiple assays and analytical platforms. Methods: A series of ligand binding and LC–MS/MS (LB-LC–MS/MS) hybrid assays, through different combinations of anti-idiotype (anti-Id), anti-payload, or generic capture reagents, and cathepsin-B or trypsin enzyme digestion, were developed and evaluated for the analysis of conjugated-payload as well as for species traditionally measured by ligand-binding assays, total-antibody and conjugated-antibody. Results & conclusion: Hybrid assays are complementary or viable alternatives to ligand-binding assay for ADC bioanalysis and PK/PD modeling. The fit-for-purpose choice of analytes, assays and platforms and an integrated strategy from Discovery to Development for ADC PK and bioanalysis are recommended.
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11
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Beck A, Terral G, Debaene F, Wagner-Rousset E, Marcoux J, Janin-Bussat MC, Colas O, Van Dorsselaer A, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry methods for the multi-level structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:157-83. [PMID: 26653789 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are highly cytotoxic drugs covalently attached via conditionally stable linkers to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are among the most promising next-generation empowered biologics for cancer treatment. ADCs are more complex than naked mAbs, as the heterogeneity of the conjugates adds to the inherent microvariability of the biomolecules. The development and optimization of ADCs rely on improving their analytical and bioanalytical characterization by assessing several critical quality attributes, namely the distribution and position of the drug, the amount of naked antibody, the average drug to antibody ratio, and the residual drug-linker and related product proportions. Here brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) and trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla), the first and gold-standard hinge-cysteine and lysine drug conjugates, respectively, were chosen to develop new mass spectrometry (MS) methods and to improve multiple-level structural assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Guillaume Terral
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - François Debaene
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Olivier Colas
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
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Liu A, Kozhich A, Passmore D, Gu H, Wong R, Zambito F, Rangan VS, Myler H, Aubry AF, Arnold ME, Wang J. Quantitative bioanalysis of antibody-conjugated payload in monkey plasma using a hybrid immuno-capture LC–MS/MS approach: Assay development, validation, and a case study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1002:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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