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de Sena Murteira Pinheiro P, Franco LS, Montagnoli TL, Fraga CAM. Molecular hybridization: a powerful tool for multitarget drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:451-470. [PMID: 38456452 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2322990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current drug discovery paradigm of 'one drug, multiple targets' has gained attention from both the academic medicinal chemistry community and the pharmaceutical industry. This is in response to the urgent need for effective agents to treat multifactorial chronic diseases. The molecular hybridization strategy is a useful tool that has been widely explored, particularly in the last two decades, for the design of multi-target drugs. AREAS COVERED This review examines the current state of molecular hybridization in guiding the discovery of multitarget small molecules. The article discusses the design strategies and target selection for a multitarget polypharmacology approach to treat various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiac arrhythmia, endometriosis, and inflammatory diseases. EXPERT OPINION Although the examples discussed highlight the importance of molecular hybridization for the discovery of multitarget bioactive compounds, it is notorious that the literature has focused on specific classes of targets. This may be due to a deep understanding of the pharmacophore features required for target binding, making targets such as histone deacetylases and cholinesterases frequent starting points. However, it is important to encourage the scientific community to explore diverse combinations of targets using the molecular hybridization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro de Sena Murteira Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Franco
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Lima Montagnoli
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Papa A, Cursaro I, Pozzetti L, Contri C, Cappello M, Pasquini S, Carullo G, Ramunno A, Gemma S, Varani K, Butini S, Campiani G, Vincenzi F. Pioneering first-in-class FAAH-HDAC inhibitors as potential multitarget neuroprotective agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300410. [PMID: 37750286 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to simultaneously modulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS) functions and the epigenetic machinery, we selected the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes as desired targets to develop potential neuroprotective multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs), expecting to achieve an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect in oxidative stress-related conditions. We herein report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the first-in-class FAAH-HDAC multitarget inhibitors. A pharmacophore merging strategy was applied, yielding 1-phenylpyrrole-based compounds 4a-j. The best-performing compounds (4c, 4f, and 4h) were tested for their neuroprotective properties in oxidative stress models, employing 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells and SHSY5 human neuronal cells. In our preliminary studies, compound 4h stood out, showing a balanced nanomolar inhibitory activity against the selected targets and outperforming the standard antioxidant N-acetylcysteine in vitro. Together with 4f, 4h was also able to protect 1321N1 cells from tert-butyl hydroperoxide or glutamate insult. Our study may provide the basis for the development of novel MTDLs targeting the ECS and epigenetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Papa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cursaro
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Cappello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Synthesis, anticancer activity, SAR and binding mode of interaction studies of substituted pentanoic acids: part II. Future Med Chem 2021; 14:17-34. [PMID: 34818903 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our previous results suggest that phenyl/naphthylacetyl pentanoic acid derivatives may exhibit dual MMP-2 and HDAC8 inhibitory activities and show effective cytotoxic properties. Methodology: Here, 13 new compounds (C1-C13) were synthesized and characterized. Along with these new compounds, 16 previously reported phenyl/napthylacetyl pentanoic acid derivatives (C14-C29) were biologically evaluated. Results: Compounds C6 and C27 showed good cytotoxicity against leukemia cell line Jurkat E6.1. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity of these compounds were confirmed by DNA deformation assay and reactive oxygen species assay. MMP-2 and HDAC8 expression assays suggested the dual inhibiting property of these two compounds. These findings were supported by results of molecular docking studies. In silico pharmacokinetic properties showed compounds C6 and C27 have high gastrointestinal absorption. Conclusion: This study highlights the action of phenyl/naphthylacetyl pentanoic acid derivatives as anticancer agents.
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Sirous H, Campiani G, Calderone V, Brogi S. Discovery of novel hit compounds as potential HDAC1 inhibitors: The case of ligand- and structure-based virtual screening. Comput Biol Med 2021; 137:104808. [PMID: 34478925 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) as an important family of epigenetic regulatory enzymes are implicated in the onset and progression of carcinomas. As a result, HDAC inhibition has been proven as a compelling strategy for reversing the aberrant epigenetic changes associated with cancer. However, non-selective profile of most developed HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) leads to the occurrence of various side effects, limiting their clinical utility. This evidence provides a solid ground for ongoing research aimed at identifying isoform-selective inhibitors. Among the isoforms, HDAC1 have particularly gained increased attention as a preferred target for the design of selective HDACIs. Accordingly, in this paper, we have developed a reliable virtual screening process, combining different ligand- and structure-based methods, to identify novel benzamide-based analogs with potential HDAC1 inhibitory activity. For this purpose, a focused library of 736,160 compounds from PubChem database was first compiled based on 80% structural similarity with four known benzamide-based HDAC1 inhibitors, Mocetinostat, Entinostat, Tacedinaline, and Chidamide. Our inclusive in-house 3D-QSAR model, derived from pharmacophore-based alignment, was then employed as a 3D-query to discriminate hits with the highest predicted HDAC1 inhibitory activity. The selected hits were subjected to subsequent structure-based approaches (induced-fit docking (IFD), MM-GBSA calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation) to retrieve potential compounds with the highest binding affinity for HDAC1 active site. Additionally, in silico ADMET properties and PAINS filtration were also considered for selecting an enriched set of the best drug-like molecules. Finally, six top-ranked hit molecules, CID_38265326, CID_56064109, CID_8136932, CID_55802151, CID_133901641 and CID_18150975 were identified to expose the best stability profiles and binding mode in the HDAC1 active site. The IFD and MD results cooperatively confirmed the interactions of the promising selected hits with critical residues within HDAC1 active site. In summary, the presented computational approach can provide a set of guidelines for the further development of improved benzamide-based derivatives targeting HDAC1 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Sirous
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Singh A, Patel VK, Rajak H. Appraisal of pyrrole as connecting unit in hydroxamic acid based histone deacetylase inhibitors: Synthesis, anticancer evaluation and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Campiani G, Cavella C, Osko JD, Brindisi M, Relitti N, Brogi S, Saraswati AP, Federico S, Chemi G, Maramai S, Carullo G, Jaeger B, Carleo A, Benedetti R, Sarno F, Lamponi S, Rottoli P, Bargagli E, Bertucci C, Tedesco D, Herp D, Senger J, Ruberti G, Saccoccia F, Saponara S, Gorelli B, Valoti M, Kennedy B, Sundaramurthi H, Butini S, Jung M, Roach KM, Altucci L, Bradding P, Christianson DW, Gemma S, Prasse A. Harnessing the Role of HDAC6 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Design, Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9960-9988. [PMID: 34251197 PMCID: PMC8300879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by a progressive-fibrosing phenotype. IPF has been associated with aberrant HDAC activities confirmed by our immunohistochemistry studies on HDAC6 overexpression in IPF lung tissues. We herein developed a series of novel hHDAC6 inhibitors, having low inhibitory potency over hHDAC1 and hHDAC8, as potential pharmacological tools for IPF treatment. Their inhibitory potency was combined with low in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Structural analysis of 6h and structure-activity relationship studies contributed to the optimization of the binding mode of the new molecules. The best-performing analogues were tested for their efficacy in inhibiting fibrotic sphere formation and cell viability, proving their capability in reverting the IPF phenotype. The efficacy of analogue 6h was also determined in a validated human lung model of TGF-β1-dependent fibrogenesis. The results highlighted in this manuscript may pave the way for the identification of first-in-class molecules for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campiani
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Cavella
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jeremy D. Osko
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Prasanth Saraswati
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Maramai
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Benedikt Jaeger
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Rottoli
- University of Siena, Specialization School of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Centro didattico Le Scotte, , 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- University of Siena, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOUS, Centro didattico Le Scotte, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Bertucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Senger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Breándan Kennedy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Husvinee Sundaramurthi
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Butini
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katy M. Roach
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK, Institute of Lung Health and NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory, LE5 4PW, Leicester, UK
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK, Institute of Lung Health and NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory, LE5 4PW, Leicester, UK
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sandra Gemma
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antje Prasse
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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Saraswati AP, Relitti N, Brindisi M, Osko JD, Chemi G, Federico S, Grillo A, Brogi S, McCabe NH, Turkington RC, Ibrahim O, O’Sullivan J, Lamponi S, Ghanim M, Kelly VP, Zisterer D, Amet R, Hannon Barroeta P, Vanni F, Ulivieri C, Herp D, Sarno F, Di Costanzo A, Saccoccia F, Ruberti G, Jung M, Altucci L, Gemma S, Butini S, Christianson DW, Campiani G. Spiroindoline-Capped Selective HDAC6 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Biological Evaluation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2268-2276. [PMID: 33214839 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have emerged as promising therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegeneration, cancer, and rare disorders. Herein, we report the development of a series of spiroindoline-based HDAC6 isoform-selective inhibitors based on the X-ray crystal studies of the hit 6a. We identified compound 6j as the most potent and selective hHDAC6 inhibitor of the series. Biological investigation of compounds 6b, 6h, and 6j demonstrated their antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines. Western blotting studies indicated that they were able to increase tubulin acetylation, without significant variation in histone acetylation state, and induced PARP cleavage indicating their apoptotic potential at the molecular level. 6j induced HDAC6-dependent pSTAT3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Prasanth Saraswati
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jeremy D. Osko
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Giulia Chemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niamh H. McCabe
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, U.K
| | - Richard C. Turkington
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, U.K
| | - Ola Ibrahim
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey O’Sullivan
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Magda Ghanim
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vincent P. Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Amet
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patricia Hannon Barroeta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Francesca Vanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Ulivieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Federica Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Costanzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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8
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Relitti N, Saraswati AP, Chemi G, Brindisi M, Brogi S, Herp D, Schmidtkunz K, Saccoccia F, Ruberti G, Ulivieri C, Vanni F, Sarno F, Altucci L, Lamponi S, Jung M, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. Novel quinolone-based potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors: Synthesis, molecular modeling studies and biological investigation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:112998. [PMID: 33199154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work we describe the synthesis of potent and selective quinolone-based histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors. The quinolone moiety has been exploited as an innovative bioactive cap-group for HDAC6 inhibition; its synthesis was achieved by applying a multicomponent reaction. The optimization of potency and selectivity of these products was performed by employing computational studies which led to the discovery of the diethylaminomethyl derivatives 7g and 7k as the most promising hit molecules. These compounds were investigated in cellular studies to evaluate their anticancer effect against colon (HCT-116) and histiocytic lymphoma (U9347) cancer cells, showing good to excellent potency, leading to tumor cell death by apoptosis induction. The small molecules 7a, 7g and 7k were able to strongly inhibit the cytoplasmic and slightly the nuclear HDAC enzymes, increasing the acetylation of tubulin and of the lysine 9 and 14 of histone 3, respectively. Compound 7g was also able to increase Hsp90 acetylation levels in HCT-116 cells, thus further supporting its HDAC6 inhibitory profile. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays of these molecules showed a safe profile; moreover, the HPLC analysis of compound 7k revealed good solubility and stability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - A Prasanth Saraswati
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso. Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso. Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Ulivieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Vanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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9
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Di Capua A, Reale A, Paolino M, Chemi G, Brogi S, Cappelli A, Giorgi G, Grande F, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Matucci R, Garofalo A, Anzini M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 7-substituted 4-phenyl-6H-imidazo[1,5-a]thieno[3,2-f] [1,4]diazepines as safe anxiolytic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112405. [PMID: 32492595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-phenyl-6H-imidazo[1,5-a]thieno[3,2-f][1,4]diazepine-7-carboxylate esters were synthesized and tested as central benzodiazepine receptor (CBR) ligands by the ability to displace [3H]flumazenil from rat cortical membranes. All the compounds showed high affinity with IC50 values ranging from 5.19 to 16.22 nM. In particular, compounds 12b (IC50 = 8.66 nM) and 12d (IC50 = 5.19 nM) appeared as the most effective ligands being their affinity values significantly lower than that of diazepam (IC50 = 18.52 nM). Compounds 12a-f were examined in vivo for their pharmacological effects in mice and five potential benzodiazepine (BDZ) actions were thus taken into consideration: anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, anti-amnesic, hypnotic, and locomotor activities. All the new synthesized compounds were able to induce a significant antianxiety effect and, among them, compound 12f protected pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions in a dose-dependent manner reaching a 40% effect at 30 mg/kg. In addition, all the compounds were able to significantly prevent the memory impairment evoked by scopolamine, while none of them was able to interfere with pentobarbital-evoked sleep and influence motor coordination. Moreover, title compounds did not affect locomotor and exploratory activity at the same time and doses at which the anti-anxiety effect was observed. Finally, molecular docking simulations were carried out in order to assess the binding mode for compounds 12a-f. The obtained results demonstrated that these compounds bind the BDZ binding site in a similar fashion to flumazenil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Di Capua
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, (Dipartimento d'Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Reale
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, (Dipartimento d'Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, (Dipartimento d'Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, (Dipartimento d'Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, (Dipartimento d'Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, (Dipartimento d'Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione (Dipartimento d'Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino - Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino - Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rosanna Matucci
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino - Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione (Dipartimento d'Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, (Dipartimento d'Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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10
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Multitarget Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease: Review on Emerging Target Combinations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5120230. [PMID: 32714977 PMCID: PMC7354643 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent nowadays one of the major health problems. Despite the efforts made to unveil the mechanism leading to neurodegeneration, it is still not entirely clear what triggers this phenomenon and what allows its progression. Nevertheless, it is accepted that neurodegeneration is a consequence of several detrimental processes, such as protein aggregation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, finally resulting in the loss of neuronal functions. Starting from these evidences, there has been a wide search for novel agents able to address more than a single event at the same time, the so-called multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs). These compounds originated from the combination of different pharmacophoric elements which endowed them with the ability to interfere with different enzymatic and/or receptor systems, or to exert neuroprotective effects by modulating proteins and metal homeostasis. MTDLs have been the focus of the latest strategies to discover a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is considered the most common form of dementia characterized by neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunctions. This review is aimed at collecting the latest and most interesting target combinations for the treatment of AD, with a detailed discussion on new agents with favorable in vitro properties and on optimized structures that have already been assessed in vivo in animal models of dementia.
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11
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Computer-Driven Development of an in Silico Tool for Finding Selective Histone Deacetylase 1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081952. [PMID: 32331470 PMCID: PMC7221830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of epigenetic modulators overexpressed in numerous types of cancers. Consequently, HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have emerged as promising antineoplastic agents. Unfortunately, the most developed HDACIs suffer from poor selectivity towards a specific isoform, limiting their clinical applicability. Among the isoforms, HDAC1 represents a crucial target for designing selective HDACIs, being aberrantly expressed in several malignancies. Accordingly, the development of a predictive in silico tool employing a large set of HDACIs (aminophenylbenzamide derivatives) is herein presented for the first time. Software Phase was used to derive a 3D-QSAR model, employing as alignment rule a common-features pharmacophore built on 20 highly active/selective HDAC1 inhibitors. The 3D-QSAR model was generated using 370 benzamide-based HDACIs, which yielded an excellent correlation coefficient value (R2 = 0.958) and a satisfactory predictive power (Q2 = 0.822; Q2F3 = 0.894). The model was validated (r2ext_ts = 0.794) using an external test set (113 compounds not used for generating the model), and by employing a decoys set and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, evaluating the Güner-Henry score (GH) and the enrichment factor (EF). The results confirmed a satisfactory predictive power of the 3D-QSAR model. This latter represents a useful filtering tool for screening large chemical databases, finding novel derivatives with improved HDAC1 inhibitory activity.
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12
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Saccoccia F, Brindisi M, Gimmelli R, Relitti N, Guidi A, Saraswati AP, Cavella C, Brogi S, Chemi G, Butini S, Papoff G, Senger J, Herp D, Jung M, Campiani G, Gemma S, Ruberti G. Screening and Phenotypical Characterization of Schistosoma mansoni Histone Deacetylase 8 ( SmHDAC8) Inhibitors as Multistage Antischistosomal Agents. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:100-113. [PMID: 31661956 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia) is a neglected tropical disease caused by platyhelminths of the genus Schistosoma. The disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world where water is infested by the intermediate parasite host, the snail. More than 800 million people live in endemic areas and more than 200 million are infected and require treatment. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis treatment and transmission control being safe and very effective against adult worms of all the clinically relevant Schistosoma species. Unfortunately, it is ineffective on immature, juvenile worms; therefore, it does not prevent reinfection. Moreover, the risk of development and spread of drug resistance because of the widespread use of a single drug in such a large population represents a serious threat. Therefore, research aimed at identifying novel drugs to be used alone or in combination with PZQ are needed. Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (SmHDAC8) is a class I zinc-dependent HDAC, which is abundantly expressed in all stages of its life cycle, thus representing an interesting target for drug discovery. Through virtual screening and phenotypical characterization of selected hits, we discovered two main chemical classes of compounds characterized by the presence of a hydroxamate-based metal binding group coupled to a spiroindoline or a tricyclic thieno[3,2-b]indole core as capping groups. Some of the compounds of both classes were deeply investigated and showed to impair viability of larval, juvenile, and adult schistosomes, to impact egg production in vitro and/or to induce morphological alterations of the adult schistosome reproductive systems. Noteworthy, all of them inhibit the recombinant form of SmHDAC8 enzyme in vitro. Overall, we identified very interesting scaffolds, paving the way to the development of effective antischistosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Gimmelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guidi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - A Prasanth Saraswati
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Cavella
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Papoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Johanna Senger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
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13
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of novel selective COX-2 inhibitors: sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone derivatives of 1,5-diarylpyrrol-3-substituted scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Brindisi M, Saraswati AP, Brogi S, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. Old but Gold: Tracking the New Guise of Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Enzyme as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Rare Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 63:23-39. [PMID: 31415174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation orchestrates many cellular processes and greatly influences key disease mechanisms. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes play a crucial role either as biomarkers or therapeutic targets owing to their involvement in specific pathophysiological pathways. Beyond their well-characterized role as histone modifiers, HDACs also interact with several nonhistone substrates and their increased expression has been highlighted in specific diseases. The HDAC6 isoform, due to its unique cytoplasmic localization, modulates the acetylation status of tubulin, HSP90, TGF-β, and peroxiredoxins. HDAC6 also exerts noncatalytic activities through its interaction with ubiquitin. Both catalytic and noncatalytic functions of HDACs are being actively studied in the field of specific rare disorders beyond the well-established role in carcinogenesis. This Perspective outlines the application of HDAC(6) inhibitors in rare diseases, such as Rett syndrome, inherited retinal disorders, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, highlighting their therapeutic potential as innovative and targeted disease-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49 , I-80131 Naples , Italy
| | - A Prasanth Saraswati
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , via Bonanno 6 , 56126 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
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15
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Hanson K, Tian N, Vickers JC, King AE. The HDAC6 Inhibitor Trichostatin A Acetylates Microtubules and Protects Axons From Excitotoxin-Induced Degeneration in a Compartmented Culture Model. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:872. [PMID: 30555293 PMCID: PMC6282003 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration has been implicated as a pathological process in several neurodegenerative diseases and acquired forms of neural injury. We have previously shown that stabilizing microtubules can protect axons against excitotoxin-induced fragmentation, however, the alterations of microtubules following excitotoxicity that results in axon degeneration are currently unknown. Hence, this study investigated whether excitotoxicity affects the post-translational modifications of microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins, and whether reversing these changes has the potential to rescue axons from degeneration. To investigate microtubule alterations, primary mouse cortical neurons at 10 days in vitro were treated with 10 or 25 μM kainic acid to induce excitotoxicity and axon degeneration. Post-translational modifications of microtubules and associated proteins were examined at 6 h following kainic acid exposure, relative to axon degeneration. While there were no changes to tyrosinated tubulin or MAP1B, acetylated tubulin was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by 40% at 6 h post-treatment. To determine whether increasing microtubule acetylation prior to kainic acid exposure could prevent axon fragmentation, we investigated the effect of reducing microtubule deacetylation with the HDAC6 inhibitor, trichostatin A. We found that trichostatin A prevented kainic acid-induced microtubule deacetylation and significantly (p < 0.05) protected axons from fragmentation. These data suggest that microtubule acetylation is a potential target for axonal protection where excitotoxicity may play a role in neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hanson
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nan Tian
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Anna E King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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16
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Novel spiroindoline HDAC inhibitors: Synthesis, molecular modelling and biological studies. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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First dual AK/GSK-3β inhibitors endowed with antioxidant properties as multifunctional, potential neuroprotective agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:438-457. [PMID: 28689095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The manuscript deals with the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzoxazinone-based and indole-based compounds as multifunctional neuroprotective agents. These compounds inhibit human adenosine kinase (hAK) and human glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (hGSK-3β) enzymes. Computational analysis based on a molecular docking approach underlined the potential structural requirements for simultaneously targeting both proteins' allosteric sites. In silico hints drove the synthesis of appropriately decorated benzoxazinones and indoles (5a-s, and 6a-c) and biochemical analysis revealed their behavior as allosteric inhibitors of hGSK-3β. For both our hit 4 and the best compounds of the series (5c,l and 6b) the potential antioxidant profile was assessed in human neuroblastoma cell lines (IMR 32, undifferentiated and neuronal differentiated), by evaluating the protective effect of selected compounds against H2O2 cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Results showed a strong efficacy of the tested compounds, even at the lower doses, in counteracting the induced oxidative stress (50 μM of H2O2) and in preventing ROS formation. In addition, the tested compounds did not show any cytotoxic effect determined by the LDH release, at the concentration range analyzed (from 0.1 to 50 μM). This study allowed the identification of compound 5l, as the first dual hAK/hGSK-3β inhibitor reported to date. Compound 5l, which behaves as an effective antioxidant, holds promise for the development of new series of potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by an innovative pharmacological profile.
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18
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Shi Y, Xu L, Tang J, Fang L, Ma S, Ma X, Nie J, Pi X, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Inhibition of HDAC6 protects against rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F502-F515. [PMID: 28052874 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00546.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibition has been reported to protect against ischemic stroke and prolong survival after sepsis in animal models. However, it remains unknown whether HDAC6 inhibition offers a renoprotective effect after acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, we examined the effect of tubastatin A (TA), a highly selective inhibitor of HDAC6, on AKI in a murine model of glycerol (GL) injection-induced rhabdomyolysis. Following GL injection, the mice developed severe acute tubular injury as indicated by renal dysfunction; expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an injury marker of renal tubules; and an increase of TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive tubular cells. These changes were companied by increased HDAC6 expression in the cytoplasm of renal tubular cells. Administration of TA significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels as well as attenuated renal tubular damage in injured kidneys. HDAC6 inhibition also resulted in decreased expression of NGAL, reduced apoptotic cell, and inactivated caspase-3 in the kidney after acute injury. Moreover, injury to the kidney increased phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and expression of multiple cytokines/chemokines including tumor necrotic factor-α and interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, as well as macrophage infiltration. Treatment with TA attenuated all those responses. Finally, HDAC6 inhibition reduced the level of oxidative stress by suppressing malondialdehyde (MDA) and preserving expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the injured kidney. Collectively, these data indicate that HDAC6 contributes to the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI and suggest that HDAC6 inhibitors have therapeutic potential for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchen Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Nie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Pi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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