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Gao T, Magnano S, Rynne A, O'Kane L, Barroeta PH, Zisterer DM. Targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) enhances susceptibility of oral squamous carcinoma cells to cisplatin. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:113995. [PMID: 38490621 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. It is generally aggressive and closely associated with chemoresistance and poor survival. There is accumulating evidence for the involvement of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), including IAP1 and XIAP, in mediating chemotherapy resistance in OSCC. Various strategies for targeting IAPs have been designed and tested in recent years and several small molecule IAP inhibitors are in clinical trials as monotherapies as well as in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and biological activity of three IAP inhibitors both as stand-alone and sensitising agents to cisplatin in a preclinical model of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. METHODS Cisplatin-sensitive SCC4 and -resistant SCC4cisR cells were utilised in this study. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V/Propidium Iodide-stained cells. Expression of IAP proteins was determined by western blotting and knockdown of cIAP1, livin and XIAP was conducted by transfection of cells with siRNA. RESULTS We establish for the first time the therapeutic efficacy of the Smac mimetic, BV6 and the XIAP inhibitor Embelin, for OSCC. Both of these IAP targeting agents synergistically enhanced cisplatin-mediated apoptotic cell death in resistant cells which was mediated in part by depletion of XIAP. In addition, knockdown of XIAP using siRNA enhanced cisplatin-mediated cell death, demonstrating the importance of targeting XIAP in this sensitisation. CONCLUSION These findings provide pre-clinical evidence that IAP inhibition may be a valuable therapeutic option in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Gao
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Stefania Magnano
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amy Rynne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lucy O'Kane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patricia Hannon Barroeta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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McLoughlin EC, Twamley B, O'Brien JE, Hannon Barroeta P, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ, O'Boyle NM. Synthesis by diastereomeric resolution, biochemical evaluation and molecular modelling of chiral 3-hydroxyl b-lactam microtubule-targeting agents for the treatment of triple negative breast and chemoresistant colorectal cancers. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106877. [PMID: 37804699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biochemical activity of a series of chiral trans 3-hydroxyl β-lactams targeting tubulin is described. Synthesis of the series of enantiopure β-lactams was achieved using chiral derivatising reagent N-Boc-l-proline. The absolute configuration was determined as 3S,4S for (+) enantiomer 4EN1 and 3R,4R for (-) enantiomer 4EN2. Antiproliferative studies identified chiral 3S,4S b-lactams with subnanomolar IC50 values across a range of cancer cell lines, improving potency with respect to the corresponding racemates. Fluoro-substituted (+)-(3S,4S)-4-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)azetidin-2-one (27EN1) was determined as the lead eutomer with dual antiproliferative activity in triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), and combretastatin A-4 resistant HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. IC50 values were in the range of 0.26-0.7 nM across four cell lines. Tubulin polymerisation assays, confocal microscopy and molecular modelling studies indicated that 3S,4S eutomers are microtubule destabilisers, while 3R,4R distomers have lower potency as microtubule destabilisers. 27EN1 demonstrated anti-mitotic and pro-apoptotic activity in MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cells in addition to selective toxicity toward MCF-7 breast cancer versus non-tumorigenic MCF-10-2A cells. The related 3S,4S β-lactam eutomer 4EN1 downregulated expression of key cell survival anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells while 27EN1 downregulated Mcl-1 in HT-29 cells. Chiral β-lactam 27EN1 will be further developed for treatment of TNBC and CA-4 resistant colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eavan C McLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John E O'Brien
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patricia Hannon Barroeta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Hannon Barroeta P, O'Sullivan MJ, Zisterer DM. The role of the Nrf2/GSH antioxidant system in cisplatin resistance in malignant rhabdoid tumours. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04734-x. [PMID: 37079050 PMCID: PMC10374708 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) is a rare and aggressive childhood malignancy that occurs in the kidneys or central nervous system and is associated with very poor prognosis. Chemoresistance is a major issue in the treatment of this malignancy leading to an urgent need for a greater understanding of its underlying mechanisms in MRT and novel treatment strategies for MRT patients. The balance between oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system has become a subject of interest in cancer therapy research. Studies have implicated key players of the antioxidant system in chemotherapeutic including the well-known antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the transcription factor nuclear erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2). METHODS: This study evaluated the role of these components in the response of MRT cells to treatment with the commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. RESULTS This study characterised the basal levels of GSH, ROS and Nrf2 in a panel of MRT cell lines and found a correlation between the expression profile of the antioxidant defence system and cisplatin sensitivity. Results showed that treatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) protected cells from cisplatin-induced ROS and apoptosis. Interestingly, depleting GSH levels with the inhibitor buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) enhanced cisplatin-induced ROS and sensitised cells to cisplatin. Lastly, targeting Nrf2 with the small molecule inhibitor ML385 or by siRNA diminished GSH levels, enhanced ROS and sensitised resistant MRT cells to cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that targeting the Nrf2/GSH antioxidant system may present a novel therapeutic strategy to combat chemoresistance in rhabdoid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hannon Barroeta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.
| | - Maureen J O'Sullivan
- The National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, D12 N512, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
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Hannon Barroeta P, Magnano S, O'Sullivan MJ, Zisterer DM. Evaluation of targeting autophagy for the treatment of malignant rhabdoid tumours. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100584. [PMID: 35679755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) is a rare and aggressive paediatric tumour that typically arises in the kidneys or central nervous system (CNS). The malignancy often affects patients under the age of three and is associated with an extremely poor survival rate, with most deaths occurring within the first year of presentation. Thus, there is an unmet and urgent medical need for novel therapeutic strategies for this malignancy. One of the major issues when treating MRT patients is the emergence of chemoresistance. Autophagy has become an area of focus in the study of chemoresistance due to its reported dual role as both a pro-survival and pro-death mechanism. The role of autophagy in the chemotherapeutic response of MRT remains largely unknown. A greater understanding of the role of autophagy may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance chemotherapeutic effect and improve the clinical outcome of MRT patients. This study evaluated the cellular response to cisplatin, a representative chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of MRT, and the role of autophagy in mediating cisplatin resistance. Our results demonstrated that cisplatin induced apoptosis and autophagy concomitantly in a panel of MRT cell lines. Furthermore, inhibition of caspase-induced apoptosis with Z-VAD-FMK also inhibited autophagy levels demonstrating a complex interplay between these two pathways. In addition, blocking autophagy at the early stages of the autophagic process using the pharmacological inhibitor SAR405 or through the genetic knockdown of critical autophagic protein ATG5 by siRNA did not sensitise cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results suggest that induction of autophagy does not appear to elicit a pro-survival effect in the chemotherapeutic response of MRT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hannon Barroeta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Stefania Magnano
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Maureen J O'Sullivan
- The National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Magnano S, Hannon Barroeta P, Duffy R, O'Sullivan J, Zisterer DM. Cisplatin induces autophagy-associated apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) mediated in part through reactive oxygen species. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 427:115646. [PMID: 34274415 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Chemoresistance is a critical problem in OSCC leading to therapeutic failure and tumour recurrence. Recently, autophagy has acquired an emerging interest in cancer as it has been shown to be frequently activated in tumour cells treated with chemotherapeutics. Whether drug-induced autophagy represents a mechanism that allows cancer cells to survive or a pro-death mechanism associated with apoptosis remains controversial. This study evaluated the cellular response to cisplatin and the role of autophagy in mediating cisplatin resistance in OSCC cells. Our results demonstrated that cisplatin concurrently induced apoptosis and autophagy in OSCC cell lines partially through the ROS/JNK pathway. Moreover, inhibition of cisplatin-induced apoptosis abrogated autophagy, indicating a complex interplay between these pathways. Cisplatin-induced autophagy does not appear to elicit a pro-survival effect in OSCC as early-stage autophagy inhibition, using either a pharmacological inhibitor or knockdown of the key autophagy protein ATG5, did not sensitise cells to cisplatin. Additionally, autophagy did not play a role in acquired resistance to cisplatin in our novel cisplatin-resistant OSSC cell line (SCC-4cisR) obtained by pulsed stepwise exposure of SCC-4 cells to cisplatin (~14-fold change in sensitivity). There was no change in the basal levels of autophagy in the SCC-4cisR cells compared to the SCC-4 cells. Furthermore, a significant increase in cisplatin-induced autophagy was observed only in the SCC-4 cells, but not in the derived SCC-4cisR cells. Collectively, these data indicate that autophagy may not be implicated in acquired cisplatin resistance in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Magnano
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | - Ronan Duffy
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jeff O'Sullivan
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Saraswati AP, Relitti N, Brindisi M, Osko JD, Chemi G, Federico S, Grillo A, Brogi S, McCabe NH, Turkington RC, Ibrahim O, O’Sullivan J, Lamponi S, Ghanim M, Kelly VP, Zisterer D, Amet R, Hannon Barroeta P, Vanni F, Ulivieri C, Herp D, Sarno F, Di Costanzo A, Saccoccia F, Ruberti G, Jung M, Altucci L, Gemma S, Butini S, Christianson DW, Campiani G. Spiroindoline-Capped Selective HDAC6 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Biological Evaluation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2268-2276. [PMID: 33214839 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have emerged as promising therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegeneration, cancer, and rare disorders. Herein, we report the development of a series of spiroindoline-based HDAC6 isoform-selective inhibitors based on the X-ray crystal studies of the hit 6a. We identified compound 6j as the most potent and selective hHDAC6 inhibitor of the series. Biological investigation of compounds 6b, 6h, and 6j demonstrated their antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines. Western blotting studies indicated that they were able to increase tubulin acetylation, without significant variation in histone acetylation state, and induced PARP cleavage indicating their apoptotic potential at the molecular level. 6j induced HDAC6-dependent pSTAT3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Prasanth Saraswati
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jeremy D. Osko
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Giulia Chemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niamh H. McCabe
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, U.K
| | - Richard C. Turkington
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, U.K
| | - Ola Ibrahim
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey O’Sullivan
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Magda Ghanim
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vincent P. Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Amet
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patricia Hannon Barroeta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Francesca Vanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Ulivieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Federica Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Costanzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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