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Frattaruolo L, Lauria G, Aiello F, Carullo G, Curcio R, Fiorillo M, Campiani G, Dolce V, Cappello AR. Exploiting Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice) Flavanones: Licoflavanone's Impact on Breast Cancer Cell Bioenergetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7907. [PMID: 39063149 PMCID: PMC11276871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the energy metabolism of cancer cells is becoming a central element in oncology, and in recent decades, it has allowed us to better understand the mechanisms underlying the onset and chemoresistance of oncological pathologies. Mitochondrial bioenergetic processes, in particular, have proven to be fundamental for the survival of tumor stem cells (CSC), a subpopulation of tumor cells responsible for tumor recurrence, the onset of metastasis, and the failure of conventional anticancer therapies. Over the years, numerous natural products, in particular flavonoids, widely distributed in the plant kingdom, have been shown to interfere with tumor bioenergetics, demonstrating promising antitumor effects. Herein, the anticancer potential of Licoflavanone, a flavanone isolated from the leaves of G. glabra, was explored for the first time in breast cancer cells. The results obtained highlighted a marked antitumor activity that proved to be greater than that mediated by Glabranin or Pinocembrin, flavanones isolated from the same plant matrix. Furthermore, the investigation of Licoflavanone's effects on breast cancer energy metabolism highlighted the inhibitory activity of this natural product on tumor bioenergetics, a mechanism that could underlie its ability to reduce tumor proliferation, invasiveness, and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Graziantonio Lauria
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, SI, Italy
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, SI, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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La Torre C, Loizzo MR, Frattaruolo L, Plastina P, Grisolia A, Armentano B, Cappello MS, Cappello AR, Tundis R. Chemical Profile and Bioactivity of Rubus idaeus L. Fruits Grown in Conventional and Aeroponic Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1115. [PMID: 38674524 PMCID: PMC11053529 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a fruit of great interest due to its aroma, nutritional properties, and the presence of many bioactive compounds. However, differences among cultivation systems can affect its composition and, consequently, its potential bioactivity. Herein, for the first time, raspberries grown in an aeroponic system were investigated for their chemical profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as their enzyme (α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase) inhibitory properties in comparison to wild and conventionally cultivated fruits. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analyses revealed the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, and catechin in all the samples. The extracts exhibited in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of nitric oxide production) regardless of the cultivation method. Of particular interest is the ability of raspberries to inhibit pancreatic lipase. With the exception of the β-carotene bleaching test, the raspberries grown in conventional and aeroponic systems were more active in terms of antioxidants than wild fruits, as evidenced by the ABTS (IC50 in the range 1.6-3.4 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50 in the range 8.9-28.3 μg/mL), and FRAP tests (24.6-44.9 μM Fe(II)/g). The raspberries from aeroponic cultivation were generally able to exert the same bioactivity as those obtained from both conventionally cultivated and wild fruits, supporting the consideration that in the future, this technology could reshape agriculture by mitigating resource constraints, fostering sustainable practices and increasing yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara La Torre
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Antonio Grisolia
- Azienda Agricola Grisolia A., Contrada Campotenese sn, 87016 Morano Calabro, Italy;
| | - Biagio Armentano
- Azienda Agricola Armentano F., Contrada Campotenese, n. 64, 87016 Morano Calabro, Italy;
| | - Maria Stella Cappello
- Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
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3
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Fedeli R, Marotta L, Frattaruolo L, Panti A, Carullo G, Fusi F, Saponara S, Gemma S, Butini S, Cappello AR, Vannini A, Campiani G, Loppi S. Nutritionally enriched tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown with wood distillate: chemical and biological characterization for quality assessment. J Food Sci 2023; 88:5324-5338. [PMID: 37961008 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based products are nowadays useful tools able to affect the productivity and quality of conventionally cultivated crops. Several bio-based products are currently on the market; one of the newest and most promising is the wood distillate (WD) derived from the pyrolysis process of waste biomass after timber. Its foliar application has been widely investigated and shown to promote the antioxidant profile of cultivated crops. WD was used here as additive for the cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. The application improved quality (chemical) parameters, minerals, polyphenols, and lycopene contents of tomato fruits. The extracts of WD-treated and untreated tomatoes have been chemically and biologically characterized. The 1 H-NMR and ESI-mass spectrometry analyses of the extracts revealed the presence of different fatty acids, amino acids and sugars. In particular, the WD-treated tomatoes showed the presence of pyroglutamic acid and phloridzin derivatives, but also dihydrokaempferol, naringenin glucoside, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside. When tested in cells, the extracts showed a promising anti-inflammatory profile in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the extracts displayed a slight vasorelaxant activity on rat aorta rings (either endothelium-denuded or endothelium-intact) pre-contracted with phenylephrine or potassium chloride. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Wood distillate has been used for tomato plant growth. Tomatoes showed improved nutritional parameters, and their extracts displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fedeli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ludovica Marotta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alice Panti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Frattaruolo L, Durante M, Cappello MS, Montefusco A, Mita G, Cappello AR, Lenucci MS. The ability of supercritical CO 2 carrot and pumpkin extracts to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS or MDA-MB-231 cell-conditioned media. Food Funct 2023; 14:10083-10096. [PMID: 37870074 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 (SFE) is an alternative technology to conventional solvent extraction (CSE), to obtain food-grade bioactives from plants. Here, SFE and CSE extracts from carrot and pumpkin matrices, impregnated with hempseed or flaxseed oil as co-solvents, were characterized by HPLC and GC-MS, and their ability to counteract the inflammatory and oxidative phenomena underlying the onset of several pathologies was assessed in vitro. All extracts showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory potential and demonstrated an ability to interfere with the pro-inflammatory effects of breast cancer cell-conditioned media, and to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and nitrite production (NP) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is involved in these response mechanisms, as highlighted by the increased mRNA levels of its target genes revealed by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. NP and ROS concentrations negatively correlated with α-tocopherol and most carotenoids, but positively with the total tocopherol/total carotenoid ratio, suggesting an idiosyncratic effect of these bioactives on cell responses and emphasizing the need to focus on extract constituents' interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy.
| | - Maria Stella Cappello
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy.
| | - Anna Montefusco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy
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5
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Carullo G, Mazzotta S, Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Ramunno A, Rosano C, Brizzi A, Campiani G, Aiello F, Sinicropi MS. Development of 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole-based amides acting as human topoisomerase I inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300270. [PMID: 37452410 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes in the human body, particularly involved in cancer development and progression. Topoisomerase I (topoI) performs DNA relaxation reactions by "controlled rotation" rather than by "strand passage." The inhibition of topoI has become a useful strategy to control cancer cell proliferation. Nowadays, different compounds have undergone clinical trials, but the search for new molecular entities is necessary and benefits from medicinal chemistry efforts. Pyrrole-based compounds emerged as promising antiproliferative agents, with particular interest in breast cancer therapy and topoI inhibition. Starting from these observations and based on the scaffold-hopping approach, we developed a small library of 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole-based amides (7a-f) as new anticancer agents. Tested on a panel of cancer cell lines, 7a-f displayed the most interesting profile in MDA-MB-231 cells, where the most active compounds, 7d-f, were able to induce death by apoptosis. Direct enzymatic assays and docking simulations on the topoI active site (PDB: 1A35) revealed the inhibitory activity and potential binding site for the newly developed 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole-based amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Unità di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria S Sinicropi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
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6
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Kornicka A, Gzella K, Garbacz K, Jarosiewicz M, Gdaniec M, Fedorowicz J, Balewski Ł, Kokoszka J, Ordyszewska A. Indole-Acrylonitrile Derivatives as Potential Antitumor and Antimicrobial Agents-Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:918. [PMID: 37513830 PMCID: PMC10386429 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-acrylonitrile derivatives, 2a-x, 3, 4a-b, 5a-d, 6a-b, and 7, were synthesized as potential antitumor and antimicrobial agents. The structures of the prepared compounds were evaluated based on elemental analysis, IR, 1H- and 13NMR, as well as MS spectra. X-ray crystal analysis of the representative 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-acrylonitrile 2l showed that the acrylonitrile double bond was Z-configured. All compounds were screened at the National Cancer Institute (USA) for their activities against a panel of approximately 60 human tumor cell lines and the relationship between structure and in vitro antitumor activity is discussed. Compounds of interest 2l and 5a-d showed significant growth inhibition potency against various tumor cell lines with the mean midpoint GI50 values of all tests in the range of 0.38-7.91 μM. The prominent compound with remarkable activity (GI50 = 0.0244-5.06 μM) and high potency (TGI = 0.0866-0.938 μM) against some cell lines of leukemia (HL-60(TB)), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H522), colon cancer (COLO 205), CNS cancer (SF-539, SNB-75), ovarian cancer ((OVCAR-3), renal cancer (A498, RXF 393), and breast cancer (MDA-MB-468) was 3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)acrylonitrile (5c). Moreover, the selected 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-acrylonitriles 2a-c and 2e-x were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens as well as Candida albicans. Among them, 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitrile (2x) showed the most potent antimicrobial activity and therefore it can be considered as a lead structure for further development of antimicrobial agents. Finally, molecular docking studies as well as drug-likeness and ADME profile prediction were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kornicka
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karol Gzella
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Garbacz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jarosiewicz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maria Gdaniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Fedorowicz
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Balewski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Kokoszka
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Ordyszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Centers, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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7
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Basha NJ. Small Molecules as Anti‐inflammatory Agents: Molecular Mechanisms and Heterocycles as Inhibitors of Signaling Pathways. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous Bengaluru Karnataka-560043 India
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8
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A Picrocrocin-Enriched Fraction from a Saffron Extract Affects Lipid Homeostasis in HepG2 Cells through a Non-Statin-like Mode. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043060. [PMID: 36834472 PMCID: PMC9965904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder associated with the loss of the physiological homeostasis that ensures safe levels of lipids in the organism. This metabolic disorder can trigger pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, statins currently represent the main pharmacological therapy, but their contraindications and side effects limit their use. This is stimulating the search for new therapeutic strategies. In this work, we investigated in HepG2 cells the hypolipidemic potential of a picrocrocin-enriched fraction, analyzed by high-resolution 1H NMR and obtained from a saffron extract, the stigmas of Crocus sativus L., a precious spice that has already displayed interesting biological properties. Spectrophotometric assays, as well as expression level of the main enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, have highlighted the interesting hypolipidemic effects of this natural compound; they seem to be exerted through a non-statin-like mechanism. Overall, this work provides new insights into the metabolic effects of picrocrocin, thus confirming the biological potential of saffron and paving the way for in vivo studies that could validate this spice or its phytocomplexes as useful adjuvants in balancing blood lipid homeostasis.
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Carullo G, Bottoni L, Pasquini S, Papa A, Contri C, Brogi S, Calderone V, Orlandini M, Gemma S, Varani K, Butini S, Galvagni F, Vincenzi F, Campiani G. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Squaramides as Allosteric GSK-3β Inhibitors Promoting β-Catenin-Mediated Transcription of TCF/LEF in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200456. [PMID: 36194001 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a ubiquitous enzyme that is a validated target for the development of potential therapeutics useful in several diseases including retinal degeneration. Aiming at developing an innovative class of allosteric inhibitors of GSK-3β potentially useful for retinal degeneration, we explored the class of squaramides. The developed compounds (6 a-l) were obtained through a nontoxic one-pot synthetic protocol, which employs low-cost goods and avoids any purification step. Ethanol was used as the reaction solvent, simultaneously allowing the pure reaction products' recovery (by precipitation). Out of this set of squaramides, 6 j stood out, from computational and enzymatic converging data, as an ATP non-competitive inhibitor of GSK-3β of micromolar potency. When engaged in cellular studies using retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) transfected with a luciferase reporter gene under the control of T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) binding sites, 6 j was able to dose-dependently induce β-catenin nuclear accumulation, as shown by the increased luciferase activity at a concentration of 2.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Bottoni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Papa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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The Molecular Diversity of 1H-Indole-3-Carbaldehyde Derivatives and Their Role in Multicomponent Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:24. [PMID: 35467226 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde and related members of the indole family are ideal precursors for the synthesis of active molecules. 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde and its derivatives are essential and efficient chemical precursors for generating biologically active structures. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer access to complex molecules. This review highlights the recent applications of 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in such inherently sustainable multicomponent reactions from the period, 2014 to 2021 and provides an overview of the field that awaits further exploitation in the assembly of pharmaceutically interesting scaffolds.
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11
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Green Synthesis of New Pyrrolo [1,2-a] quinoxalines as Antiproliferative Agents in GPER-expressing Breast Cancer Cells. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5596816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
4,5-Dihydropyrrolo [1,2-a]quinoxalines are interesting druggable scaffolds, with multifaceted biological properties, including anticancer properties targeting the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER). In this work, the synthesis and preliminary antiproliferative activity of a small set of new 4,5-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines (18-20) and pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines (21, 22) has been reported, inspired by known antiproliferative agents (G-1, G-15, and G-36). The synthesis of the pyrroloquinoxalinic core was employed following the Pictet–Spengler reaction, using the surfactant p-dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (p-DBSA), as catalyst. It demonstrated efficiency in the catalysis of the 4-phenylpyrrole [1,2-a] quinoxaline type compound formation in mild solvents such as water, ethanol, and hydroalcoholic solutions. In addition, the reactions proceeded in a short time (between 15 and 120 minutes) at room temperature and with high yields. The in vitro MTT assays showed that the presence of isopropyl groups furnished promising antiproliferative compounds. Although, the acetyl group provided also antiproliferative effects, breaking down its responsibility in the GPER transactivation. Nevertheless, it is possible to conclude that the 4,5-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines remain a feasible scaffold to develop anticancer agents against GPER-expressing cells.
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Zhang XJ. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis of diethyl (2 E,2' E)-3,3'-[1-(8-phenyl-isoquinolin-1-yl)-1 H-indole-2,7-di-yl]diacrylate. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 77:895-898. [PMID: 34584757 PMCID: PMC8423018 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the molecule of title compound, intramolecular π–π interactions between the indole unit and benzene ring help to establish the clip-shaped conformation of the molecule. In the crystal, the molecules are assembled into two-dimensional layers via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, π–π and C—H⋯π interactions. The molecule of title compound, C33H28N2O4, comprises an indole unit (A), an isoquinoline moiety (B) and a benzene ring (C). The dihedral angles between these groups are A/B = 57.47 (1), A/C = 18.48 (1) and B/C = 57.97 (1) °. The ethyl acrylate group at the 2-position is nearly co-planar with the indole unit [3.81 (2)°], while that at the 7-position is distinctly non-coplanar [52.64 (1)°]. Intramolecular π–π interactions between the indole unit and benzene ring help to establish the clip-shaped conformation of the molecule. In the crystal, the molecules are assembled into two-dimensional layers via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, π–π and C—H⋯π interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis illustrates that the greatest contributions are from H⋯H (63.2%), C⋯H/H⋯C (15.4%) and O⋯H/H⋯O (14.8%) contacts. The terminal C2H5 group of one of the ethyl acrylate side chains is disordered over two positions of equal occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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13
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Brindisi M, Frattaruolo L, Mancuso R, Palumbo Piccionello A, Ziccarelli I, Catto M, Nicolotti O, Altomare CD, Gabriele B, Cappello AR. Anticancer potential of novel α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam derivatives targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114659. [PMID: 34147489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Six recently synthesized alkyl (Z)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene)acetates were evaluated for their potential as cytotoxic and anticancer agents. All compounds were tested in the ERα positive MCF-7, triple negative MDA-MB-231, and Her2+ SKBR-3 breast cancer cell lines. The most lipophilic derivatives, bearing the 4-isopropylphenyl (2) or 4-tert-butylphenyl (3) group at the γ-lactam nitrogen, proved to be cytotoxic against all the cancer cell lines tested (IC50 values ranging from 18 to 63 μM), exerting their greatest activity in SKBR-3 cells, with IC50 values of 33 and 18 μM, respectively. Biological studies showed that the cytotoxic effects of 2 and 3 are accompanied by apoptotic death in breast cancer cells, and both compounds showed no significant toxicity on healthy cells (e.g., MCF-10A) and red blood cells. An in-depth mechanistic study based on molecular biology, immunoblotting analysis and in silico docking calculations suggested that α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam derivatives could interfere with the functioning of PI3K and PDK-1, two key enzymes in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, whose overactivation is related to the regulation of cell growth and survival in several malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology-STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Ida Ziccarelli
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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Brindisi M, Bouzidi C, Frattaruolo L, Loizzo MR, Cappello MS, Dugay A, Deguin B, Lauria G, Cappello AR, Tundis R. New Insights into the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Italian Salvia officinalis Leaf and Flower Extracts in Lipopolysaccharide and Tumor-Mediated Inflammation Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020311. [PMID: 33669555 PMCID: PMC7922507 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate and compare the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) from Italy, with the aim of raising its current knowledge in this field. Leaves and flowers (S1–S8), harvested in two areas of Southern Italy, were extracted with methanol as a solvent by maceration or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Sage extracts, analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography-diode-array detection-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-MS), exerted a promising antioxidant activity investigated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and β-carotene bleaching tests, and elicited a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The anti-inflammatory activity was analysed in the same in vitro model. All the extracts did not affect cell viability although they showed anti-inflammatory activity, as they induced a decrease in nitrite levels that was greater than 50%, when employed at 50 µg/mL. Furthermore, they elicited a decrease in nitrite levels, as well as a decline in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The NF-κB transcription factor proved to be involved in the mechanisms that underlie such effects. Interestingly, sage extracts were able to interfere with the inflammatory activity induced by breast cancer cell-conditioned media (nitrite levels were significantly decreased, p < 0.05; p < 0.01), highlighting for the first time the important role of S. officinalis in controlling inflammation processes related to neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Chouaha Bouzidi
- UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, U.M.R. n°8038, CiTCoM-(CNRS, Université de Paris), F-75006 Paris, France; (C.B.); (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Monica R. Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Maria Stella Cappello
- CNR, Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Annabelle Dugay
- UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, U.M.R. n°8038, CiTCoM-(CNRS, Université de Paris), F-75006 Paris, France; (C.B.); (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, U.M.R. n°8038, CiTCoM-(CNRS, Université de Paris), F-75006 Paris, France; (C.B.); (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Graziantonio Lauria
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
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Nanotechnologies: An Innovative Tool to Release Natural Extracts with Antimicrobial Properties. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020230. [PMID: 33562128 PMCID: PMC7915176 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-Specific release of active molecules with antimicrobial activity spurred the interest in the development of innovative polymeric nanocarriers. In the preparation of polymeric devices, nanotechnologies usually overcome the inconvenience frequently related to other synthetic strategies. High performing nanocarriers were synthesized using a wide range of starting polymer structures, with tailored features and great chemical versatility. Over the last decade, many antimicrobial substances originating from plants, herbs, and agro-food waste by-products were deeply investigated, significantly catching the interest of the scientific community. In this review, the most innovative strategies to synthesize nanodevices able to release antimicrobial natural extracts were discussed. In this regard, the properties and structure of the starting polymers, either synthetic or natural, as well as the antimicrobial activity of the biomolecules were deeply investigated, outlining the right combination able to inhibit pathogens in specific biological compartments.
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Wall H. Welcome to volume 13 of Future Medicinal Chemistry. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1-3. [PMID: 33319591 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Wall
- Future Science Group, Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, London, N3 1QB, UK
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17
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Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Effects of Italian Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. Methanol Leaves Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090826. [PMID: 32899385 PMCID: PMC7556042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated and compared the chemical composition, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects of four methanol extracts (R1–R4), of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. in two different sites of Southern Italy obtained by maceration or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Extracts of S. rosmarinus collected on the Ionian coast are indicated with the abbreviations R1 (maceration) and R2 (ultrasound-assisted extraction). Extracts of S. rosmarinus collected on the Tyrrhenian coast are indicated with the abbreviations R3 (maceration) and R4 (ultrasound-assisted extraction). The chemical composition was analyzed using High Pressure liquid chromatography–Diod-Array detection–Electrospray ionization–Quadrupole–Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-MS). The antioxidant activity was analyzed by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Antioxidant features were also assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW-264.7 murine macrophages, evaluating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production; in the same experimental model, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was investigated. Interestingly, all extracts displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They exhibited significative nitrite production inhibitory activity, whith IC50 values ranging from 3.46 to 5.53 µg/mL, without impairing cell viability. The anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated by Western Blotting and immunofluorescence assay, highlighting the R3 and R4 extracts ability to reduce NF-κB translocation, as well as to disrupt the MAPKs signaling pathway. Extracts exhibited both potential anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, without affecting non-tumorigenic cells, and the ability to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cells’ motility. Finally, the rosemary extracts treatment significantly reduced the power of conditioned media, from MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells to induce nitrite production on RAW 264.7 cells, confirming their promising anti-inflammatory activity.
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Brindisi M, Fiorillo M, Frattaruolo L, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP, Cappello AR. Cholesterol and Mevalonate: Two Metabolites Involved in Breast Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance through the ERRα Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:E1819. [PMID: 32751976 PMCID: PMC7465765 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second greatest cause of cancer-related death in women. Resistance to endocrine treatments or chemotherapy is a limiting drawback. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the effects of cholesterol and mevalonate during tumor progression and their contribution in the onset of resistance to clinical treatments in use today. In this study, we demonstrated that cholesterol and mevalonate treatments were able to activate the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) pathway, increasing the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), ERbB2/human epithelial receptor (HER2), tumor protein D52 (TPD52), and NOTCH2 proteins in breast cancer cells. The activation of this pathway is shown to be responsible for intense metabolic switching, higher proliferation rates, sustained motility, the propagation of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), and lipid droplet formation. All of these events are related to greater tumor propagation, aggressiveness, and drug resistance. Furthermore, the activation and expression of proteins induced by the treatment with cholesterol or mevalonate are consistent with those obtained from the MCF-7/TAMr cell line, which is largely used as a breast cancer model of acquired endocrine therapy resistance. Altogether, our data indicate that cholesterol and mevalonate are two metabolites implicated in breast cancer progression, aggressiveness, and drug resistance, through the activation of the ERRα pathway. Our findings enable us to identify the ERRα receptor as a poor prognostic marker in patients with breast carcinoma, suggesting the correlation between cholesterol/mevalonate and ERRα as a new possible target in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.F.)
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.F.)
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and the Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.F.)
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and the Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and the Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.F.)
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Carullo G, Sciubba F, Governa P, Mazzotta S, Frattaruolo L, Grillo G, Cappello AR, Cravotto G, Di Cocco ME, Aiello F. Mantonico and Pecorello Grape Seed Extracts: Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of In Vitro Wound-Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13050097. [PMID: 32423026 PMCID: PMC7281466 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The winemaking process produces a huge number of pomaces that generally are used for energy purposes. Further valuable applications such as health-promoting properties are still under investigation. The seeds of the white berries of Mantonico and Pecorello cv. were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus, using n-hexane and chloroform as solvents. Extracts were characterized by NMR and GC-MS analyses. They were assayed in vitro as wound healing and anti-inflammatory agents in HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cell lines, respectively. n-hexane Mantonico extract resulted in the most interesting wound healing sample, while n-hexane Pecorello, containing a good number of carotenoids, resulted in a good anti-inflammatory candidate. These preliminary findings underlined the benefit of grape seed extracts valorization due to their health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (M.E.D.C.)
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (A.R.C.)
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/O Prof. García González, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Giorgio Grillo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Guria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Guria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Enrica Di Cocco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (M.E.D.C.)
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (A.R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-098-449-3154
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