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Bao J, Hao Y, Ni T, Wang R, Liu J, Chi X, Wang T, Yu S, Jin Y, Yan L, Li X, Zhang D, Xie F. Design, synthesis and in vitro biological studies of novel triazoles with potent and broad-spectrum antifungal activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2244696. [PMID: 37553905 PMCID: PMC10413920 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2244696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel triazole derivatives containing aryl-propanamide side chains was designed and synthesised. In vitro antifungal activity studies demonstrated that most of the compounds inhibited the growth of six human pathogenic fungi. In particular, parts of phenyl-propionamide-containing compounds had excellent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC5314, Cryptococcus neoformans 22-21, Candida glabrata 537 and Candida parapsilosis 22-20 with MIC values in the range of ≤0.125 µg/mL-4.0 µg/mL. In addition, compounds A1, A2, A6, A12 and A15 showed inhibitory activities against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and Candida auris. Preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) are also summarised. Moreover, GC-MS analysis demonstrated that A1, A3, and A9 interfered with the C. albicans ergosterol biosynthesis pathway by inhibiting Cyp51. Molecular docking studies elucidated the binding modes of A3 and A9 with Cyp51. These compounds with low haemolytic activity and favourable ADME/T properties are promising for the development of novel antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Bao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruina Wang
- Center of New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacun Liu
- Center of New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Chi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichong Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Yan
- Center of New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Fakhim H, Vaezi A, Morovati H, Bandegani A, Abbasi K, Emami S, Nasiry D, Hashemi SM, Ahangarkani F, Badali H. In-vivo efficiency of the novel azole compounds (ATTAF-1 and ATTAF-2) against systemic candidiasis in a murine model. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101437. [PMID: 37804566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antifungal resistance is the main health concern in the control of invasive fungal infections. This research was designed to further assess the antifungal activity of aryl-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio analogs of fluconazole (ATTAFs) against Candida albicans systemic candidiasis in the murine model. MATERIALS & METHODS The murine model of systemic candidiasis was designed via the inoculation of 1 × 106 CFU of Candida albicans. The treatment dosages of 3.5 and 35 mg/kg per day were selected for ATTAFs and fluconazole, respectively. The median survival time (MST) was assayed for 30 days post-infection. The quantitative and qualitative (via histopathology staining) fungal burden was also assessed. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry assays were performed to monitor anti-inflammatory activity using the Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) marker and changes in serum protein levels. RESULTS ATTAFs considerably improved the survival of the murine model (P < 0.003). Compared with fluconazole, the antifungal activity of ATTAFs and their MST showed no difference (P > 0.05). However, these compounds decreased the fungal burden in the kidneys, spleen, and liver. CONCLUSION Our research indicates that ATTAF-1 and ATTAF-2 are effective therapeutic agents due to their fungal clearing and increasing the MST in the murine model of systemic candidiasis. Although we concluded that these components are novel and promising candidates for the management of invasive candidiasis, further studies are warranted to correlate these findings with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Fakhim
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afsane Vaezi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Bandegani
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kiana Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Nasiry
- Amol Faculty of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Hashemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahangarkani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Sharma A, Dubey R, Bhupal R, Patel P, Verma SK, Kaya S, Asati V. An insight on medicinal attributes of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4- triazole derivatives as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10728-1. [PMID: 37733243 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the globe's common leading disease which is caused by high consumption of glucose. DM compiles groups of metabolic disorders which are characterized by inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia condition. Many enzymes play a vital role in the metabolism of carbohydrate known as α-amylase and α-glucosidase which is calcium metalloenzyme that leads to breakdown of complex polysaccharides into glucose. To tackle this problem, search for newer antidiabetic drugs is the utmost need for the treatment and/or management of increasing diabetic burden. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase is one of the effective therapeutic approaches for the development of antidiabetic therapeutics. The exhaustive literature survey has shown the importance of medicinally privileged triazole specifically 1,2,3-triazol and 1,2,4-triazoles scaffold tethered, fused and/or clubbed with other heterocyclic rings structures as promising agents for designing and development of novel antidiabetic therapeutics. Molecular hybrids namely pyridazine-triazole, pyrazoline-triazole, benzothiazole-triazole, benzimidazole-triazole, curcumin-triazole, (bis)coumarin-triazole, acridine-9-carboxamide linked triazole, quinazolinone-triazole, xanthone-triazole, thiazolo-triazole, thiosemicarbazide-triazole, and indole clubbed-triazole are few examples which have shown promising antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α-amylase and/or α-glucosidase. The present review summarizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR), enzyme inhibitory activity including IC50 values, percentage inhibition, kinetic studies, molecular docking studies, and patents filed of the both scaffolds as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, which may be used for further development of potent inhibitors against both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ritu Bhupal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Savas Kaya
- Health Services Vocational School, Department of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Hasani S, Mohajer F, Varma RS, Rafiee F. The Molecular Diversity of 1H-Indole-3-Carbaldehyde Derivatives and Their Role in Multicomponent Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:24. [PMID: 35467226 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde and related members of the indole family are ideal precursors for the synthesis of active molecules. 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde and its derivatives are essential and efficient chemical precursors for generating biologically active structures. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer access to complex molecules. This review highlights the recent applications of 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in such inherently sustainable multicomponent reactions from the period, 2014 to 2021 and provides an overview of the field that awaits further exploitation in the assembly of pharmaceutically interesting scaffolds.
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Yagiz G, Noma SAA, Altundas A, Al-Khafaji K, Taskin-Tok T, Ates B. Synthesis, inhibition properties against xanthine oxidase and molecular docking studies of dimethyl N-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate and (N-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-diyl)dimethanol derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104654. [PMID: 33493930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on synthesis various dimethyl N-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate and (N-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-diyl)dimethanol derivatives under the conditions of green chemistry without the use of solvent and catalysts. Their inhibition properties were also investigated on xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. All dimethanol and dicarboxylate derivatives exhibited significant inhibition activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.71 to 2.25 μM. Especially, (1-(3-bromobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-diyl)dimethanol (5c) and dimethyl 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (6 g) compounds were found to be the most promising derivatives on the XO enzyme inhibition with IC50 values 0.71 and 0.73 μM, respectively. Moreover, the double docking procedure was to evaluate compound modes of inhibition and their interactions with the protein (XO) at atomic level. Surprisingly, the docking results showed a good correlation with IC50 [correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.7455)]. Also, the docking results exhibited that the 5c, 6f and 6 g have lowest docking scores -4.790, -4.755, and -4.730, respectively. These data were in agreement with the IC50 values. These results give promising beginning stages to assist in the improvement of novel and powerful inhibitor against XO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güler Yagiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Samir Abbas Ali Noma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Aliye Altundas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Khattab Al-Khafaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Burhan Ates
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
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de Lima Silva WC, Conti R, de Almeida LC, Morais PAB, Borges KB, Júnior VL, Costa-Lotufo LV, de Souza Borges W. Novel [6]-gingerol Triazole Derivatives and their Antiproliferative Potential against Tumor Cells. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:161-169. [PMID: 31880263 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666191227125507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective cancer treatment is a major public health challenge. The limitations of current therapies and their adverse effects reduce the efficacy of treatment, leading to significant mortality rates worldwide. Moreover, natural product chemistry occupies a prominent role in the search for new treatment alternatives, by contributing a spectrum of chemical structures that may potentially yield new bioactive compounds. The compound [6]-gingerol (1) is the main active substance in ginger (Zingiber officinale) and several studies have shown it to produce beneficial effects, including antitumor activity. OBJECTIVE This work aims to obtain new gingerol derivatives with cytotoxic activity. METHODS [6]-gingerol was isolated and its derivatives were produced using click chemistry, obtaining eight new compounds. All chemical structures were determined by means of IR, NMR and HRMS data, and cytotoxicity was evaluated in the HCT 116 (colon carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) cell lines at concentrations of 5 µmol L-1 and 50 µmol L-1. RESULTS At 50 µmol L-1, more than 70% inhibition of cell growth was achieved with compounds 2e, 2g against HCT 116, and 2b, 2d, 2e, 2f and 2g against MCF-7. CONCLUSION The obtained compounds showed only moderate cytotoxic activity. However, the products with substituents occupying the meta position in relation to the triazole ring showed increased cytotoxic properties. The brominated compound (2g) showed the strongest activity, inhibiting cell proliferation by 87%.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Cezar de Lima Silva
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Raphael Conti
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Keyller Bastos Borges
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturais, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda Júnior
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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7
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Mook RA, Wang J, Ren XR, Piao H, Lyerly HK, Chen W. Identification of novel triazole inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling based on the Niclosamide chemotype. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:317-321. [PMID: 30551901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway is an underlying mechanism in multiple diseases, particularly in cancer. Until recently, identifying agents that target this pathway has been difficult and as a result, no approved drugs exist that specifically target this pathway. We reported previously that the anthelmintic drug Niclosamide inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and suppresses colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In an effort to build on this finding, we sought to discover new Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors that expanded the chemotype structural diversity. Here, we asked a specific SAR question unresolved in previous SAR studies of Niclosamide's inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to identify a new structural class of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors based on a triazole motif. Similar to Niclosamide, we found that the new triazole derivatives internalized Frizzled-1 GFP receptors, inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the TOPflash assay and reduced Wnt/β-catenin target gene levels in CRC cells harboring mutations in the Wnt pathway. Moreover, in pilot SAR studies, we found the Wnt/β-catenin SAR trends in the anilide region were generally similar between the two chemical classes of inhibitors. Overall, these studies demonstrate the ability to use the SAR of the Niclosamide salicylanilide chemical class to expand the structural diversity of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mook
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Jiangbo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Xiu-Rong Ren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Hailan Piao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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Janganati V, Ponder J, Balasubramaniam M, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Bar EE, Nakshatri H, Jordan CT, Crooks PA. MMB triazole analogs are potent NF-κB inhibitors and anti-cancer agents against both hematological and solid tumor cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:562-581. [PMID: 30121494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Triazole derivatives of melampomagnolide B (MMB) have been synthesized via click chemistry methodologies and screened against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines. Several derivatives showed promising anti-cancer activity, affording growth inhibition (GI50) values in the nanomolar range (GI50 = 0.02-0.99 μM). Lead compound 7h exhibited EC50 values of 400 nM and 700 nM, respectively, against two AML clinical specimens. Compound 7h was significantly more potent than parthenolide as an inhibitor of p65 phosphorylation in both hematological and solid tumor cell lines, indicating its ability to inhibit the NF-κB pathway. In TMD-231 breast cancer cells, treatment with 7h reduced DNA binding activity of NF-κB through inhibition of IKK-β mediated p65 phosphorylation and caused elevation of basal IκBα levels through inhibition of constitutive IκBα turnover and NF-κB activation. Molecular docking and dynamic modeling studies indicated that 7h interacts with the kinase domain of the monomeric IKKβ subunit, leading to inhibition of IKKβ activation, and compromising phosphorylation of downstream targets of the NF-κB pathway; dynamic modeling studies show that this interaction also causes unwinding of the α-helix of the NEMO binding site on IKKβ. Molecular docking studies with 10, a water-soluble analog of 7h, demonstrate that this analog interacts with the dimerization/oligomerization domain of monomeric IKKβ and may inhibit oligomer formation and subsequent autophosphorylation. Sesquiterpene lactones 7h and 10 are considered ideal candidates for potential clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venumadhav Janganati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jessica Ponder
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Toxicology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | | | - Poornima Bhat-Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Toxicology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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Chatzileontiadou DSM, Parmenopoulou V, Manta S, Kantsadi AL, Kylindri P, Griniezaki M, Kontopoulou F, Telopoulou A, Prokova H, Panagopoulos D, Boix E, Balatsos NAA, Komiotis D, Leonidas DD. Triazole double-headed ribonucleosides as inhibitors of eosinophil derived neurotoxin. Bioorg Chem 2015; 63:152-65. [PMID: 26551065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN) is an eosinophil secretion protein and a member of the Ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily involved in the immune response system and inflammatory disorders. The pathological actions of EDN are strongly dependent on the enzymatic activity and therefore, it is of significant interest to discover potent and specific inhibitors of EDN. In this framework we have assessed the inhibitory potency of triazole double-headed ribonucleosides. We present here an efficient method for the heterologous production and purification of EDN together with the synthesis of nucleosides and their biochemical evaluation in RNase A and EDN. Two groups of double-headed nucleosides were synthesized by the attachment of a purine or a pyrimidine base, through a triazole group at the 3'-C position of a pyrimidine or a purine ribonucleoside, respectively. Based on previous data with mononucleosides these compounds were expected to improve the inhibitory potency for RNase A and specificity for EDN. Kinetics data revealed that despite the rational, all but one, double-headed ribonucleosides were less potent than the respective mononucleosides while they were also more specific for ribonuclease A than for EDN. Compound 11c (9-[3'-[4-[(cytosine-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-β-d-ribofuranosyl]adenine) displayed a stronger preference for EDN than for ribonuclease A and a Ki value of 58μM. This is the first time that an inhibitor is reported to have a better potency for EDN than for RNase A. The crystal structure of EDN-11c complex reveals the structural basis of its potency and selectivity providing important guidelines for future structure-based inhibitor design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Parmenopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Stella Manta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastassia L Kantsadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Paroula Kylindri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Marianna Griniezaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Filitsa Kontopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Telopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Helena Prokova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Panagopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos A A Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece.
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