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Bianchi M, Esin S, Kaya E, Batoni G, Maisetta G. Anti-Persisters Activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Culture Filtrates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Artificial Sputum Medium. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7113. [PMID: 39000222 PMCID: PMC11241021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Persisters are antibiotic-tolerant bacteria, playing a role in the recalcitrance and relapse of many bacterial infections, including P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. Among novel antimicrobial strategies, the use of probiotics and their products is emerging as a particularly promising approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-persisters activity of culture filtrate supernatants of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LRM-CFS) against P. aeruginosa in artificial sputum medium (ASM), which resembles the CF lung environment. Planktonic persisters of two clinical strains of P. aeruginosa (PaCF1 and PaCF4) were obtained following two different procedures: (i) exposing stationary-phase cultures to cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) in LB medium; (ii) incubating stationary-phase cultures with high doses of tobramycin (128-fold MIC) in ASM. In addition, persisters from biofilm were obtained by exposing 48 h old biofilm of P. aeruginosa to 128 x MIC of ciprofloxacin. LRM-CFS at dilutions of 1:6 and 1:4 resulted in being bactericidal in ASM against both PaCF1 and PaCF4 persisters obtained after CCCP or tobramycin treatment. Moreover, LRM-CFS at dilution 1:4 caused a reduction of antibiotic-tolerant bacteria in the biofilm of both P. aeruginosa strains. Overall, LRM-CFS represents a promising adjuvant therapeutic strategy against P. aeruginosa recalcitrant infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Esingül Kaya
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
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Upadhyay A, Pal D, Kumar A. Interrogating Salmonella Typhi biofilm formation and dynamics to understand antimicrobial resistance. Life Sci 2024; 339:122418. [PMID: 38219918 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Salmonella Typhi biofilm-mediated infections are globally rising. Due to the emergence of drug resistance antibiotics did not show effective results against S. Typhi biofilm. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an in-depth interrogation of S. Typhi biofilm to understand its formation kinetics, compositions, and surface charge value. METHODS This study utilized the S. Typhi MTCC-733 strain from a microbial-type culture collection in India. The S. Typhi biofilm was formed on a glass slide in a biofilm development apparatus. Typhoidal biofilm analysis was done with the help of various assays such as a crystal violet assay, SEM analysis, FTIR analysis, Raman analysis, and zeta potential analysis. KEY FINDING This article contained a comprehensive assessment of the typhoid biofilm formation kinetics, biofilm compositions, and surface charge which revealed that cellulose was a major molecule in the typhoidal biofilm which can be used as a major biofilm drug target against typhoidal biofilm. SIGNIFICANCE This study provided interrogations about typhoidal biofilm kinetics which provided ideas about the biofilm composition. The cellulose molecule showed a major component of S. Typhi biofilm and it could potentially involved in drug resistance, and offer a promising avenue for developing a new antibiofilm therapeutic target to conquer the big obstacle of drug resistance. The obtained information can be instrumental in designing novel therapeutic molecules in the future to combat typhoidal biofilm conditions effectively for overcoming antibiotic resistance against bacterial infection Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, CG, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, CG, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, CG, India.
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Oliveira-Tintino CDDM, Santana JEG, Alencar GG, Siqueira GM, Gonçalves SA, Tintino SR, de Menezes IRA, Rodrigues JPV, Gonçalves VBP, Nicolete R, Ribeiro-Filho J, da Silva TG, Coutinho HDM. Valencene, Nootkatone and Their Liposomal Nanoformulations as Potential Inhibitors of NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2400. [PMID: 37896161 PMCID: PMC10609713 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Valencene and nootkatone are aromatic sesquiterpenes with known biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Given the evidence that encapsulation into nanosystems, such as liposomes, could improve the properties of several compounds, the present study aimed to evaluate the activity of these sesquiterpenes in their isolated state or in liposomal formulations against strains of Staphylococcus aureus carrying efflux pumps. The broth microdilution method evaluated the antibiotic-enhancing activity associated with antibiotics and ethidium bromide (EtBr). The minimum inhibitory concentration was assessed in strains of S. aureus 1199B, IS-58, and RN4220, which carry the efflux proteins NorA, Tet(K), and MsrA. In tests with strain 1199B, valencene reduced the MIC of norfloxacin and EtBr by 50%, while the liposomal formulation of this compound did not show a significant effect. Regarding the strain IS-58, valencene, and its nanoformulation reduced norfloxacin MIC by 60.3% and 50%, respectively. In the non-liposomal form, the sesquiterpene reduced the MIC of EtBr by 90%. Against the RN4220 strain, valencene reduced the MIC of the antibiotic and EtBr by 99% and 93.7%, respectively. Nootkatone and its nanoformulation showed significant activity against the 1199B strain, reducing the EtBr MIC by 21.9%. Against the IS-58 strain, isolated nootkatone reduced the EtBr MIC by 20%. The results indicate that valencene and nootkatone potentiate the action of antibiotics and efflux inhibitors in strains carrying NorA, Tet(K), and MsrA proteins, which suggests that these sesquiterpenes act as efflux pump inhibitors in S. aureus. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess the impact of incorporation into liposomes on the activity of these compounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | | | - Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Gustavo Miguel Siqueira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Sheila Alves Gonçalves
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | | | | | - Roberto Nicolete
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusébio 61773-270, CE, Brazil; (J.P.V.R.); (V.B.P.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusébio 61773-270, CE, Brazil; (J.P.V.R.); (V.B.P.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.E.G.S.); (T.G.d.S.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
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Perez-Ayala MS, Alvarez JA, Macias AE, Torres-Murillo BJ. How Does Time Affect the Antimicrobial Activity of Super-Oxidized Commercial Antiseptic Solutions? An In Vitro Test. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:309-315. [PMID: 36856516 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify variation in the minimum biocidal concentration (MBC) over time, comparing three commercial super-oxidized solutions with different chemical compositions. In the bactericidal assay, the following bacteria were tested: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and for each ATCC, one wild-type strain was used. In vitro experiments were performed in triplicate at 0, 60, and 120 days of follow up. A commercial formulation based on sodium and chloride ions (SCSS) was tested using a standard accelerated aging protocol. Data were analyzed with the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The results showed that super-oxidized solution bases of 20 ppm of sodium (SSS) had a significant change in MBC at 120 days (p < 0.001), whereas SCSS remained stable during the same period (p = 0.18). However, after accelerated aging treatment, the MBC of SCSS increased (p < 0.001). With our proposed approach, the two SSS showed MBC variation at 120 days, whereas SCSS showed stability over time, similar to chlorhexidine, but lost its bactericidal properties after accelerated aging treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Perez-Ayala
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Nutrition, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, Leon, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Alvarez
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Nutrition, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, Leon, Mexico
- Regional Hospital of High Specialty of Bajío, Health Secretary, Leon, Mexico
| | - Alejandro E Macias
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Nutrition, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, Leon, Mexico
| | - Brenda J Torres-Murillo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Nutrition, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, Leon, Mexico
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trans-Cinnamaldehyde as a Novel Candidate to Overcome Bacterial Resistance: An Overview of In Vitro Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020254. [PMID: 36830165 PMCID: PMC9952841 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing of drug-resistant bacteria and the scanty availability of novel effective antibacterial agents represent alarming problems of the modern society, which stimulated researchers to investigate novel strategies to replace or assist synthetic antibiotics. A great deal of attention has been devoted over the years to essential oils that contain mixtures of volatile compounds and have been traditionally exploited as antimicrobial remedies. Among the essential oil phytochemicals, remarkable antimicrobial and antibiotic-potentiating activities have been highlighted for cinnamaldehyde, an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, particularly abundant in the essential oils of Cinnamomum spp., and widely used as a food additive in industrial products. In line with this evidence, in the present study, an overview of the available literature has been carried out in order to define the bacterial sensitizing profile of cinnamaldehyde. In vitro studies displayed the ability of the substance to resensitize microbial strains to drugs and increase the efficacy of different antibiotics, especially cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin; however, in vivo, and clinical trials are lacking. Based on the collected findings, cinnamaldehyde appears to be of interest as an adjuvant agent to overcome superbug infections and antibiotic resistance; however, future more in-dept studies and clinical investigations should be encouraged to clarify its efficacy and the mechanisms involved.
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Nellutla MK, Kamarajugadda P, Soma L, Haridasyam RB, Narsimha S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel N-[3-fluoro-4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]thiazol-2-amine Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents and ADMET. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2169473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Nellutla
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Hanamkonda, India
- Aragen Life Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Ramesh Babu Haridasyam
- Department of Physical Sciences/Chemistry, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Hanumakonda, India
| | - Sirassu Narsimha
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Hanamkonda, India
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Ullah A, Mirani ZA, Binbin S, Wang F, Chan MWH, Aslam S, Yonghong L, Hassan N, Naveed M, Hussain S, Khatoon Z. An Elucidative Study of the Anti-biofilm Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) on Selected Biofilm Producing Pathogenic Bacteria: A Disintegrating Effect of SeNPs on Bacteria. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Fathalla RK, Fröhner W, Bader CD, Fischer PD, Dahlem C, Chatterjee D, Mathea S, Kiemer AK, Arthanari H, Müller R, Abdel-Halim M, Ducho C, Engel M. Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Pyrrolidinediones as Novel Inhibitors of the Bacterial Enzyme MurA. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14740-14763. [PMID: 36269107 PMCID: PMC9989942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel antibiotics, targeting the early steps of cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis seems to be a promising strategy that is still underutilized. MurA, the first enzyme in this pathway, is targeted by the clinically used irreversible inhibitor fosfomycin. However, mutations in its binding site can cause bacterial resistance. We herein report a series of novel reversible pyrrolidinedione-based MurA inhibitors that equally inhibit wild type (WT) MurA and the fosfomycin-resistant MurA C115D mutant, showing an additive effect with fosfomycin for the inhibition of WT MurA. For the most potent inhibitor 46 (IC50 = 4.5 μM), the mode of inhibition was analyzed using native mass spectrometry and protein NMR spectroscopy. The compound class was nontoxic against human cells and highly stable in human S9 fraction, human plasma, and bacterial cell lysate. Taken together, this novel compound class might be further developed toward antibiotic drug candidates that inhibit cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem K. Fathalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fröhner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chantal D. Bader
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick D. Fischer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Dahlem
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Deep Chatterjee
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mathea
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Antiinfectives, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Kim Y, Kim S, Cho KH, Lee JH, Lee J. Antibiofilm Activities of Cinnamaldehyde Analogs against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137225. [PMID: 35806244 PMCID: PMC9267110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm formation is a major cause of drug resistance and bacterial persistence; thus, controlling pathogenic biofilms is an important component of strategies targeting infectious bacterial diseases. Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) has broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. In this study, we investigated the antibiofilm effects of ten CNMA derivatives and trans-CNMA against Gram-negative uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Among the CNMA analogs tested, 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde (4-nitroCNMA) showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against UPEC and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for cell growth of 100 µg/mL, which were much more active than those of trans-CNMA. 4-NitroCNMA inhibited UPEC swimming motility, and both trans-CNMA and 4-nitroCNMA reduced extracellular polymeric substance production by UPEC. Furthermore, 4-nitroCNMA inhibited the formation of mixed UPEC/S. aureus biofilms. Collectively, our observations indicate that trans-CNMA and 4-nitroCNMA potently inhibit biofilm formation by UPEC and S. aureus. We suggest efforts be made to determine the therapeutic scope of CNMA analogs, as our results suggest CNMA derivatives have potential therapeutic use for biofilm-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sanghun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Kiu-Hyung Cho
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Bioindustry, Andong 36618, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3812 (J.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2533 (J.L.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3812 (J.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2533 (J.L.)
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Pecoraro C, Carbone D, Dongmei D, Cascioferro SM, Diana P, Giovannetti E. Biofilm formation as valuable target to fight severe chronic infections. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4307-4310. [PMID: 34979887 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220103095551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo (Italy)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo (Italy)
| | - Deng Dongmei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands The Netherlands
| | - Stella Maria Cascioferro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo (Italy)
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo (Italy)
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Sapra R, Rajora AK, Kumar P, Maurya GP, Pant N, Haridas V. Chemical Biology of Sortase A Inhibition: A Gateway to Anti-infective Therapeutic Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13097-13130. [PMID: 34516107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. The enzyme sortase A, present on the cell surface of S. aureus, plays a key role in bacterial virulence without affecting the bacterial viability. Inhibition of sortase A activity offers a powerful but clinically less explored therapeutic strategy, as it offers the possibility of not inducing any selective pressure on the bacteria to evolve drug-resistant strains. In this Perspective, we offer a chemical space narrative for the design of sortase A inhibitors, as delineated into three broad domains: peptidomimetics, natural products, and synthetic small molecules. This provides immense opportunities for medicinal chemists to alleviate the ever-growing crisis of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Sapra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Amit K Rajora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Govind P Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Nalin Pant
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
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12
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of double-headed derivatives of (4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-ethan-1-ol and study of their biological activity. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Niek WK, Teh CSJ, Idris N, Thong KL, Ngoi ST, Ponnampalavanar SSLS. Investigation of biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with bacteraemia in a tertiary hospital. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:741-749. [PMID: 34089493 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important physiological process in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) that can cause infections in humans. In this study, the ability of 36 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates to form biofilm was studied based on genotypic and phenotypic approaches. These isolates were genotyped based on the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) and biofilm-associated genes (icaAD) via polymerase chain reactions. Phenotyping was performed based on the determination of the strength of biofilm formation of MRSA isolates in vitro. The most prevalent MSCRAMMs and biofilm-associated genes were clfA, eno, and icaD, followed by clfB. The fnbB (38.9%) and ebpS (11.1%) occurred less frequently among the MRSA isolates, while bbp and fnbA genes were absent from all isolates. The MRSA isolates were mostly moderate to strong biofilm formers, despite the heterogeneity of the MSCRAMM profiles. MRSA isolates from different infection sources (primary, catheter-related bloodstream, or secondary infections) were capable of forming strong biofilms. However, persistent bacteraemia was observed only in 19.4% of the MRSA-infected individuals. This study suggested that persistent MRSA bacteraemia in patients might not be associated with the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Kiong Niek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nuryana Idris
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo Tein Ngoi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tang Y, Bai J, Yang Y, Bai X, Bello-Onaghise G, Xu Y, Li Y. Effect of Syringopicroside Extracted from Syringa oblata Lindl on the Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus suis. Molecules 2021; 26:1295. [PMID: 33673668 PMCID: PMC7957517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Syringopicroside is a natural drug with antibacterial activity, which is the main ingredient of Syringa oblata Lindl (S. oblata). In order to further develop the application of S. oblata and evaluate the ability of syringopicroside against Streptococcus suis (S. suis), this investigation first applied an ultrasonic-assisted method to extract syringopicroside, and then response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to get the optimum condition. Based on RSM analysis, a second-order polynomial equation about the syringopicroside yield and four variables, including ultrasonic power, time, temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio, was purposed. Through RSM prediction and model verification experiments, the optimum conditions were determined, as follows: ultrasonic time was 63 min, temperature was 60 °C, a liquid-to-solid ratio was set to 63 mL/g, and ultrasonic power was 835 W. Under this condition, a high syringopicroside yield was obtained (3.07 ± 0.13 mg/g), which was not significantly different with a predicated value. After separation and purification by HPD 500 microporous resin, then mass spectrum was applied to identify the main ingredient in aqueous extract. A minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay revealed the value against S. suis of syringopicroside was 2.56 µg/µL and syringopicroside with sub-inhibitory concentrations that could effectively inhibit biofilm formation of S. suis. Besides, scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated syringopicroside could destroy the multi-layered aggregation structure of S. suis. Finally, molecular docking analysis confirmed that syringopicroside was combined with Orfy protein of S. suis through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction, and π-π stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Jingwen Bai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - God’spower Bello-Onaghise
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Yaqin Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
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15
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16
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Thiazole Analogues of the Marine Alkaloid Nortopsentin as Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010081. [PMID: 33375417 PMCID: PMC7795195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-virulence strategy is currently considered a promising approach to overcome the global threat of the antibiotic resistance. Among different bacterial virulence factors, the biofilm formation is recognized as one of the most relevant. Considering the high and growing percentage of multi-drug resistant infections that are biofilm-mediated, new therapeutic agents capable of counteracting the formation of biofilms are urgently required. In this scenario, a new series of 18 thiazole derivatives was efficiently synthesized and evaluated for its ability to inhibit biofilm formation against the Gram-positive bacterial reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus ATCC 6538 and the Gram-negative strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442. Most of the new compounds showed a marked selectivity against the Gram-positive strains. Remarkably, five compounds exhibited BIC50 values against S. aureus ATCC 25923 ranging from 1.0 to 9.1 µM. The new compounds, affecting the biofilm formation without any interference on microbial growth, can be considered promising lead compounds for the development of a new class of anti-virulence agents.
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17
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Haroun M, Tratrat C, Petrou A, Geronikaki A, Ivanov M, Ciric A, Sokovic M. 2-Aryl-3-(6-trifluoromethoxy)benzo[d]thiazole-based thiazolidinone hybrids as potential anti-infective agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 32:127718. [PMID: 33253880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for new antimicrobial agents is greater than ever due to the perpetual threat of multidrug resistance in known pathogens and the relentless emergence of new infections. In this manuscript, ten thiazole-based thiazolidinone hybrids bearing a 6-trifluoromethoxy substituent on the benzothiazole core were synthesized and evaluated against a panel of four bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes and three resistant strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and MRSA. The evaluation of minimum bactericidal and minimum inhibitory concentrations was accomplished by microdilution assay. As reference compounds ampicillin and streptomycin were employed. All compounds displayed antibacterial efficiencies with MBCs/MICs at 0.25-1 mg/mL and 0.12-1 mg/mL respectively while ampicillin displayed MBCs/MICs at 0.15-0.3 mg/mL and at 0.1-0.2 mg/mL respectively. MICs/MBC of streptomycin varied from 0.05 to 0.15 mg/mL and from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/mL respectively. The best overall effect was observed for compound h4, while compound h1 exhibited the highest effective action against E. coli (MIC/MBC 0.12/0.25 mg/ml) among all tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Marina Ivanov
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša, Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ciric
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša, Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša, Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Thappeta KRV, Zhao LN, Nge CE, Crasta S, Leong CY, Ng V, Kanagasundaram Y, Fan H, Ng SB. In-Silico Identified New Natural Sortase A Inhibitors Disrupt S. aureus Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228601. [PMID: 33202690 PMCID: PMC7696255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortase A (SrtA) is a membrane-associated enzyme that anchors surface-exposed proteins to the cell wall envelope of Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. As SrtA is essential for Gram-positive bacterial pathogenesis but dispensable for microbial growth or viability, SrtA is considered a favorable target for the enhancement of novel anti-infective drugs that aim to interfere with key bacterial virulence mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, without developing drug resistance. Here, we used virtual screening to search an in-house natural compound library and identified two natural compounds, N1287 (Skyrin) and N2576 ((4,5-dichloro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-(4-methyl-pentyl)-phenyl]-methanone) that inhibited the enzymatic activity of SrtA. These compounds also significantly reduced the growth of S. aureus but possessed moderate mammalian toxicity. Furthermore, S. aureus strains treated with these compounds exhibited reduction in adherence to host fibrinogen, as well as biofilm formation. Hence, these compounds may represent an anti-infective therapy without the side effects of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Reddy Venkata Thappeta
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (K.R.V.T.); (C.E.N.); (S.C.); (C.Y.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, #3-09 Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Choy Eng Nge
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (K.R.V.T.); (C.E.N.); (S.C.); (C.Y.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Sharon Crasta
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (K.R.V.T.); (C.E.N.); (S.C.); (C.Y.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Chung Yan Leong
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (K.R.V.T.); (C.E.N.); (S.C.); (C.Y.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Veronica Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (K.R.V.T.); (C.E.N.); (S.C.); (C.Y.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (K.R.V.T.); (C.E.N.); (S.C.); (C.Y.L.); (V.N.)
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (H.F.); (S.B.N.); Tel.: +65-6586-9508 (Y.K.); +65-6478-8500 (H.F.); +65-6478-8513 (S.B.N.)
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (H.F.); (S.B.N.); Tel.: +65-6586-9508 (Y.K.); +65-6478-8500 (H.F.); +65-6478-8513 (S.B.N.)
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (K.R.V.T.); (C.E.N.); (S.C.); (C.Y.L.); (V.N.)
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (H.F.); (S.B.N.); Tel.: +65-6586-9508 (Y.K.); +65-6478-8500 (H.F.); +65-6478-8513 (S.B.N.)
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Cascioferro S, Carbone D, Parrino B, Pecoraro C, Giovannetti E, Cirrincione G, Diana P. Therapeutic Strategies To Counteract Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA Biofilm-Associated Infections. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:65-80. [PMID: 33090669 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as one of the leading causes of persistent human infections. This pathogen is widespread and is able to colonize asymptomatically about a third of the population, causing moderate to severe infections. It is currently considered the most common cause of nosocomial infections and one of the main causes of death in hospitalized patients. Due to its high morbidity and mortality rate and its ability to resist most antibiotics on the market, it has been termed a "superbug". Its ability to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces seems to be the primarily means of MRSA antibiotic resistance and pervasiveness. Importantly, more than 80 % of bacterial infections are biofilm-mediated. Biofilm formation on indwelling catheters, prosthetic devices and implants is recognized as the cause of serious chronic infections in hospital environments. In this review we discuss the most relevant literature of the last five years concerning the development of synthetic small molecules able to inhibit biofilm formation or to eradicate or disperse pre-formed biofilms in the fight against MRSA diseases. The aim is to provide guidelines for the development of new anti-virulence strategies based on the knowledge so far acquired, and, to identify the main flaws of this research field, which have hindered the generation of new market-approved anti-MRSA drugs that are able to act against biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cascioferro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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20
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Santibañez N, Vega M, Pérez T, Yáñez A, González-Stegmaier R, Figueroa J, Enríquez R, Oliver C, Romero A. Biofilm Produced In Vitro by Piscirickettsia salmonis Generates Differential Cytotoxicity Levels and Expression Patterns of Immune Genes in the Atlantic Salmon Cell Line SHK-1. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1609. [PMID: 33092013 PMCID: PMC7594049 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the causative agent of Piscirickettsiosis, an infectious disease with a high economic impact on the Chilean salmonid aquaculture industry. This bacterium produces biofilm as a potential resistance and persistence strategy against stressful environmental stimuli. However, the in vitro culture conditions that modulate biofilm formation as well as the effect of sessile bacteria on virulence and immune gene expression in host cells have not been described for P. salmonis. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the biofilm formation by P. salmonis isolates under several NaCl and iron concentrations and to evaluate the virulence of planktonic and sessile bacteria, together with the immune gene expression induced by these bacterial conditions in an Atlantic salmon macrophage cell line. Our results showed that NaCl and Fe significantly increased biofilm production in the LF-89 type strain and EM-90-like isolates. Additionally, the planktonic EM-90 isolate and sessile LF-89 generated the highest virulence levels, associated with differential expression of il-1β, il-8, nf-κb, and iκb-α genes in SHK-1 cells. These results suggest that there is no single virulence pattern or gene expression profile induced by the planktonic or sessile condition of P. salmonis, which are dependent on each strain and bacterial condition used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Santibañez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.S.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (R.G.-S.); (R.E.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Matías Vega
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.S.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (R.G.-S.); (R.E.)
| | - Tatiana Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.S.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (R.G.-S.); (R.E.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Alejandro Yáñez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.Y.); (J.F.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Roxana González-Stegmaier
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.S.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (R.G.-S.); (R.E.)
| | - Jaime Figueroa
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.Y.); (J.F.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ricardo Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.S.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (R.G.-S.); (R.E.)
| | - Cristian Oliver
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.S.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (R.G.-S.); (R.E.)
| | - Alex Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.S.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (R.G.-S.); (R.E.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.Y.); (J.F.)
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1,2,4-Oxadiazole topsentin analogs as staphylococcal biofilm inhibitors targeting the bacterial transpeptidase sortase A. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112892. [PMID: 33035921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition or prevention of biofilm formation represents an emerging strategy in the war against antibiotic resistance, interfering with key players in bacterial virulence. This approach includes the inhibition of the catalytic activity of transpeptidase sortase A (Srt A), a membrane enzyme responsible for covalently attaching a wide variety of adhesive matrix molecules to the peptidoglycan cell wall in Gram-positive strains. A new series of seventeen 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives was efficiently synthesized and screened as potential new anti-virulence agents. The ability of inhibiting biofilm formation was evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Remarkably, all these compounds inhibited S. aureus and/or P. aeruginosa biofilm formation in a dose dependent manner, with 50% biofilm inhibitory concentrations (BIC50s) below 10 μM for the most active compounds. Inhibition of SrtA was validated as one of the possible mechanisms of action of these new 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives, in the tested Gram-positive pathogen, using a specific enzymatic assay for a recombinant S. aureus SrtA. The three most active compounds, eliciting BIC50 values for S. aureus ATCC 25923 between 0.7 and 9.7 μM, showed a good activity toward the enzyme eliciting IC50 values ranging from 2.2 to 10.4 μM.
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