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Rivadulla M, Lois M, Elena AX, Balboa S, Suarez S, Berendonk TU, Romalde JL, Garrido JM, Omil F. Occurrence and fate of CECs (OMPs, ARGs and pathogens) during decentralised treatment of black water and grey water. Sci Total Environ 2024; 915:169863. [PMID: 38190906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Decentralised wastewater treatment is becoming a suitable strategy to reduce cost and environmental impact. In this research, the performance of two technologies treating black water (BW) and grey water (GW) fractions of urban sewage is carried out in a decentralised treatment of the wastewater produced in three office buildings. An Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) treating BW and a Hybrid preanoxic Membrane Bioreactor (H-MBR) containing small plastic carrier elements, treating GW were operated at pilot scale. Their potential on reducing the release of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as Organic Micropollutants (OMPs), Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) and pathogens was studied. After 226 d of operation, a stable operation was achieved in both systems: the AnMBR removed 92.4 ± 2.5 % of influent COD, and H-MBR removed 89.7 ± 3.5 %. Regarding OMPs, the profile of compounds differed between BW and GW, being BW the matrix with more compounds detected at higher concentrations (up to μg L-1). For example, in the case of ibuprofen the concentrations in BW were 23.63 ± 3.97 μg L-1, 3 orders of magnitude higher than those detected in GW. The most abundant ARGs were sulfonamide resistant genes (sul1) and integron class 1 (intl1) in both BW and GW. Pathogenic bacteria counts were reduced between 1 and 3 log units in the AnMBR. Bacterial loads in GW were much lower than in BW, being no bacterial re-growth observed for the GW effluents after treatment in the H-MBR. None of the selected enteric viruses was detected in GW treatment line.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rivadulla
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - M Lois
- CRETUS, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A X Elena
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Balboa
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - S Suarez
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - T U Berendonk
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Dresden, Germany
| | - J L Romalde
- CRETUS, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J M Garrido
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - F Omil
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Felis E, Sochacki A, Bajkacz S, Łuczkiewicz A, Jóźwiakowski K, García J, Vymazal J. Removal of selected sulfonamides and sulfonamide resistance genes from wastewater in full-scale constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169195. [PMID: 38081427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides are high-consumption antibiotics that reach the aquatic environment. The threat related to their presence in wastewater and the environment is not only associated with their antibacterial properties, but also with risk of the spread of drug resistance in bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of eight commonly used sulfonamides, sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1-3) and integrase genes intI1-3 in five full-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) differing in design (including hybrid systems) and in the source of wastewater (agricultural drainage, domestic sewage/surface runoff, and animal runs runoff in a zoo). The CWs were located in low-urbanized areas in Poland and in Czechia. No sulfonamides were detected in the CW treating agricultural tile drainage water. In the other four systems, four sulfonamide compounds were detected. Sulfamethoxazole exhibited the highest concentration in those four CWs and its highest was 12,603.23 ± 1000.66 ng/L in a CW treating a mixture of domestic sewage and surface runoff. Despite the high removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole in the tested CWs (86 %-99 %), it was still detected in the treated wastewater. The sul1 genes occurred in all samples of raw and treated wastewater and their abundance did not change significantly after the treatment process and it was, predominantly, at the level 105 gene copies numbers/mL. Noteworthy, sul2 genes were only found in the influents, and sul3 were not detected. The sulfonamides can be removed in CWs, but their elimination is not complete. However, hybrid CWs treating sewage were superior in decreasing the relative abundance of genes and the concentration of SMX. CWs may play a role in the dissemination of sulfonamide resistance genes of the sul1 type and other determinants of drug resistance, such as the intI1 gene, in the environment, however, the magnitude of this phenomenon is a matter of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Felis
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adam Sochacki
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Ecology, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, ul. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aneta Łuczkiewicz
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, ul. Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Ecology, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Upadhyay A, Pal D, Kumar A. Interrogating Salmonella Typhi biofilm formation and dynamics to understand antimicrobial resistance. Life Sci 2024; 339:122418. [PMID: 38219918 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Salmonella Typhi biofilm-mediated infections are globally rising. Due to the emergence of drug resistance antibiotics did not show effective results against S. Typhi biofilm. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an in-depth interrogation of S. Typhi biofilm to understand its formation kinetics, compositions, and surface charge value. METHODS This study utilized the S. Typhi MTCC-733 strain from a microbial-type culture collection in India. The S. Typhi biofilm was formed on a glass slide in a biofilm development apparatus. Typhoidal biofilm analysis was done with the help of various assays such as a crystal violet assay, SEM analysis, FTIR analysis, Raman analysis, and zeta potential analysis. KEY FINDING This article contained a comprehensive assessment of the typhoid biofilm formation kinetics, biofilm compositions, and surface charge which revealed that cellulose was a major molecule in the typhoidal biofilm which can be used as a major biofilm drug target against typhoidal biofilm. SIGNIFICANCE This study provided interrogations about typhoidal biofilm kinetics which provided ideas about the biofilm composition. The cellulose molecule showed a major component of S. Typhi biofilm and it could potentially involved in drug resistance, and offer a promising avenue for developing a new antibiofilm therapeutic target to conquer the big obstacle of drug resistance. The obtained information can be instrumental in designing novel therapeutic molecules in the future to combat typhoidal biofilm conditions effectively for overcoming antibiotic resistance against bacterial infection Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, CG, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, CG, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, CG, India.
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Cong X, Krolla P, Khan UZ, Savin M, Schwartz T. Antibiotic resistances from slaughterhouse effluents and enhanced antimicrobial blue light technology for wastewater decontamionation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:109315-109330. [PMID: 37924165 PMCID: PMC10622382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The frequencies of 6 different facultative pathogenic bacteria of the ESKAPE group (priority list WHO) and a total of 14 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) with different priorities for human medicine were quantified in wastewaters of poultry and pig slaughterhouses using molecular biological approaches. Raw sewage from poultry and pig slaughterhouses was found to be contaminated not only with facultative pathogenic bacteria but also with various categories of clinically relevant ARGs, including ARGs against the reserve antibiotics group. The concentration of the different gene targets decreased after on-site conventional biological or advanced oxidative wastewater treatments, but was not eliminated. Hence, the antimicrobial BlueLight (aBL) in combination with a porphyrin photo-sensitizer was studied with ESKAPE bacteria and real slaughterhouse wastewaters. The applied broad LED-based blue light (420-480 nm) resulted in groups of sensitive, intermediate, and non-sensitive ESKAPE bacteria. The killing effect of aBL was increased in the non-sensitive bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecium due to the addition of porphyrins in concentrations of 10-6 M. Diluted slaughterhouse raw wastewater was treated with broad spectrum aBL and in combination with porphyrin. Here, the presence of the photo-sensitizer enhanced the aBL biocidal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cong
- Microbiology/Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Krolla
- Microbiology/Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Umer Zeb Khan
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty Life Sciences, Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie Curie Straße 1, 47533, Kleve, Germany
| | - Mykhailo Savin
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health (IHPH), Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwartz
- Microbiology/Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Roth M, Goerke P, Holtmann C, Frings A, MacKenzie CR, Geerling G. Spectrum and resistance in bacterial infections of the ocular surface in a German tertiary referral center 2009-2019. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:3909-3917. [PMID: 35687174 PMCID: PMC9666293 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies, trends, and antibiotic resistance of bacteria collected from ocular surface or contact lens material in a German tertiary referral center from 2009 to 2019. Methods Microbiological data from 2009 to 2019 was analyzed. Culture-dependent microbial identification and analysis of antibiotic sensitivity was completed by the Institute of Microbiology. Statistical analysis of age- and sex-specific differences as well as changes in the microbial spectrum and resistance over the study period was performed with GraphPad Prism 9.0 applying nonparametric tests (level of significance: p ≦ 0.05). Results A total of 6361 specimens were analyzed. Positivity rate was 18.6%. Sixty-three percent (n = 680) of the bacterial isolates were derived from ocular surface and 37% (n = 399) from contact lens material. The ratio of gram-negative bacteria was significantly higher in contact lens material. Multiresistant bacteria showed a significant increase with patient age (p < 0.0001). An overall increase in resistance to levofloxacin (p = 0.0239) was detected. Only 2.4% and 3.1% isolates were resistant to a combination of moxifloxacin and gentamicin, respectively, levofloxacin and gentamicin. Conclusions The reported bacterial spectrum is similar to comparable centers. Our data show that it should not be assumed that the newest classes of antibiotics have the best efficacy or lowest resistance levels. In suspected bacterial conjunctivitis, we propose using gentamicin as first-line therapy. In therapy refractive cases and in involvement of the cornea, we recommend a combination of gentamicin and ofloxacin or moxifloxacin. Overall, the evaluated organisms showed good sensitivity to the regularly used antibiotics. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Roth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Paul Goerke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Holtmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Frings
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Colin R MacKenzie
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene of the University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Geerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Hennequin C, Forestier C, Traore O, Debroas D, Bricheux G. Plasmidome analysis of a hospital effluent biofilm: Status of antibiotic resistance. Plasmid 2022; 122:102638. [PMID: 35691511 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2022.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmids are widely involved in the dissemination of characteristics within bacterial communities. Their genomic content can be assessed by high-throughput sequencing of the whole plasmid fraction of an environment, the plasmidome. In this study, we analyzed the plasmidome of a biofilm formed in the effluents of the teaching hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (France). Our analysis discovered >350 new complete plasmids, with a length ranging from 1219 to 40,193 bp. Forty-two plasmid incompatibility (Inc) groups were found among all the plasmid contigs. Ten large plasmids, described here in detail, were reconstructed from plasmid contigs, seven of which carried antibiotic resistance genes. Four plasmids potentially confer resistance to numerous families of antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, colistin, and chloramphenicol. Most of these plasmids were affiliated to Proteobacteria, a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. This study therefore illustrates the composition of an environmental mixed biofilm in terms of plasmids and antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hennequin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Bactériologie Clinique, 58 rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026 - CS 60026, 1, impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France
| | - Christiane Forestier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ousmane Traore
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Debroas
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026 - CS 60026, 1, impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France
| | - Geneviève Bricheux
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026 - CS 60026, 1, impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France.
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Sağlam H, Karahan AG. Plasmid stability of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains in artificial gastric juice, at elevated temperature, and in the presence of novobiocin and acriflavine. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:183-191. [PMID: 32803345 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the presence of plasmids responsible for carbohydrate fermentation and antibiotic resistance and the stability of these plasmids in artificial gastric juice were investigated in 20 Lactobacillus plantarum strains with probiotic properties. Plasmid curing was performed with novobiocin, acriflavine and elevated incubation temperature to identify plasmids encoded with carbohydrate fermentation and antibiotic resistance genes and to compare them with artificial gastric juice. Plasmid profiling of the strains revealed that 100% of the strains were harbouring plasmids in varying sizes and numbers. The plasmid number of the potential probiotic strains ranged between 1 and 4, and the plasmid size ranged between 5.779 and 16.138 kb. The potential probiotic strains could not survive in the artificial gastric juice at pH 2.0. Although the strains maintained their viability in an artificial gastric juice at pH 2.5 and 3.0, and their derivatives lost their plasmids at a high rate (100%). Similarly, high levels of cured derivatives were obtained with 8 µg/mL novobiocin and 100 µg/mL acriflavine applications, and 24 h incubation at 43 °C. All the experiments were also performed to compare with two L. plantarum-type strains containing plasmids responsible for tetracycline and tetracycline + erythromycin resistances. Artificial gastric juice and other plasmid curing treatments caused a high-frequency loss in the antibiotic resistances of type strains. Determining plasmid stability in artificial gastric juice is a novel approach. Plasmid stability in the gastrointestinal tract is important for maintaining the plasmid-encoded probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sağlam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey.
| | - A G Karahan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Hemati S, Ghafourian S, Sadeghfard N, Mahdavi Z, Maleki A, Sayehmiri F, Sayehmiri K, Bogdanovic L, Taherikalani M. 3rd Generation of Cephalosporins and Monobactam Resistant Among Pathogenic Bacteria Collected from Ilam Hospitals During 2008 to 2015: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:3-7. [PMID: 28137227 DOI: 10.2174/1574891x12666170130101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, increasing antibiotic resistance is causing serious publichealth concerns worldwide. This phenomenon increased patient's morbidity and mortality rate, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. METHODS Considering that antimicrobial resistance can vary according to geographical location, we investigated the status of antibiotic resistance in Ilam province from 2008 to 2013. RESULTS The results of our study showed that antibiotic resistance rates to aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone were 38%, 39%, 43% and 48% respectively. CONCLUSION Antibiotic resistance had increased (except for aztreonam) during the period from 2008 to 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Hemati
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghfard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahdavi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries, Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Kouroush Sayehmiri
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries, Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Lidija Bogdanovic
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples. Italy
| | - Morovat Taherikalani
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center & Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Losurdo G, Giorgio F, Iannone A, Principi M, Barone M, Di Leo A, Ierardi E. Role of concomitant therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A technical note. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8638-8640. [PMID: 27784977 PMCID: PMC5064046 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We read with interest the recent meta-analysis by Lin et al who evaluated the effectiveness of concomitant regimen for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in Chinese regions. They found that 7-d concomitant regimen is undoubtedly superior to 7-d triple therapy (91.2% vs 77.9%, P < 0.0001). However, it is a common belief that a triple therapy lasting 7 d should be definitively removed from the clinical practice for its ineffectiveness. Only its prolongation to 14 d may give satisfactory success rate. Thus, the assessment of an old and outdated treatment versus a more recent and successful one does not seem to bring novel and useful information. Moreover, a 7-d duration has not been ascertained for concomitant regimen, as main guidelines recommend a 10-d schedule for this scheme. Therefore, only studies comparing 10-d concomitant versus 14-d triple seem to be appropriate according to current Guidelines and would clarify which regimen is the most suitable worldwide. Additionally, in this meta-analysis concomitant and sequential therapy showed similar performances, despite it is common opinion that sequential is more prone than concomitant therapy to fail when metronidazole resistance occurs, and China is characterized by high rate of resistance to this antibiotic. None of the included studies evaluated a priori antibiotic resistances, and the lack of this detail hampers the unveiling of this apparent contradiction. In conclusion, the lack of the evaluation of the quality of included trials as well as their high heterogeneity constitute a burdensome limit to draw solid conclusions in this meta-analysis. On the bases of these considerations and the low number of examined trials, we believe that further studies and the knowledge of antibiotic resistances will support with high quality evidence which is the best regimen and its optimal duration.
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Oliveira H, Pinto G, Oliveira A, Oliveira C, Faustino MA, Briers Y, Domingues L, Azeredo J. Characterization and genome sequencing of a Citrobacter freundii phage CfP1 harboring a lysin active against multidrug-resistant isolates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10543-10553. [PMID: 27683211 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Citrobacter spp., although frequently ignored, is emerging as an important nosocomial bacterium able to cause various superficial and systemic life-threatening infections. Considered to be hard-to-treat bacterium due to its pattern of high antibiotic resistance, it is important to develop effective measures for early and efficient therapy. In this study, the first myovirus (vB_CfrM_CfP1) lytic for Citrobacter freundii was microbiologically and genomically characterized. Its morphology, activity spectrum, burst size, and biophysical stability spectrum were determined. CfP1 specifically infects C. freundii, has broad host range (>85 %; 21 strains tested), a burst size of 45 PFU/cell, and is very stable under different temperatures (-20 to 50 °C) and pH (3 to 11) values. CfP1 demonstrated to be highly virulent against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates up to 12 antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluroquinoles. Genomically, CfP1 has a dsDNA molecule with 180,219 bp with average GC content of 43.1 % and codes for 273 CDSs. The genome architecture is organized into function-specific gene clusters typical for tailed phages, sharing 46 to 94 % nucleotide identity to other Citrobacter phages. The lysin gene encoding a predicted D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase was also cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and its activity evaluated in terms of pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The lysine optimum activity was reached at 20 mM HEPES, pH 7 at 37 °C, and was able to significantly reduce all C. freundii (>2 logs) as well as Citrobacter koseri (>4 logs) strains tested. Interestingly, the antimicrobial activity of this enzyme was performed without the need of pretreatment with outer membrane-destabilizing agents. These results indicate that CfP1 lysin is a good candidate to control problematic Citrobacter infections, for which current antibiotics are no longer effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Oliveira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Graça Pinto
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Yves Briers
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, Box 2462, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwijckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Klose V, Bayer K, Kern C, Goelß F, Fibi S, Wegl G. Antibiotic resistances of intestinal lactobacilli isolated from wild boars. Vet Microbiol 2013; 168:240-4. [PMID: 24326231 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acquired antibiotic resistances have been reported in lactobacilli of various animal and food sources, but there are no data from wild boar. The objective was a preliminary examination of the antibiotic resistance prevalence of intrinsically vancomycin-resistant lactobacilli isolated from wild boar intestines and analysis of the genetic determinants implicated. Out of three wild boars, 121 lactobacilli were recovered and grouped according to their whole cell protein patterns. Initial phenotypic screening revealed that all were susceptible to erythromycin (2 μg/ml), but 30 were resistant to tetracycline (32 μg/ml). Based on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR clustering, 64 strains were selected as representative genotypes for identification and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified four species: (i) L. mucosae (n=57), (ii) L. reuteri (n=47), (iii) L. fermentum (n=12), and (iv) L. murinus (n=5). Most heterofermentative strains displayed low MICs for ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (CHL), streptomycin (STR), kanamycin (KAN), gentamicin (GEN), erythromycin (ERY), quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D), and clindamycin (CLI). Atypical MICs were found mainly in L. mucosae and L. reuteri for TET, KAN, STR, AMP and CHL, but except the TET MICs of L. mucosae mostly at low level. L. murinus strains revealed atypical MICs for aminoglycosides, and/or CHL, AMP, CLI. PCR screening detected tet(W) in 12 and tet(M) in one of heterofermentative strains, as well as the aph(3')-III kanamycin gene in L. murinus. This is the first report showing acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in intestinal lactobacilli of wild boar origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Klose
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Dep. IFA-Tulln, Division Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Katharina Bayer
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Dep. IFA-Tulln, Division Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Corinna Kern
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Dep. IFA-Tulln, Division Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Florian Goelß
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Silvia Fibi
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gertrude Wegl
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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