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Gabriel V, Lincoln A, Zdyrski C, Ralston A, Wickham H, Honold S, Ahmed BH, Paukner K, Feauto R, Merodio MM, Piñeyro P, Meyerholz D, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Evaluation of different media compositions promoting hepatocyte differentiation in the canine liver organoid model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28420. [PMID: 38590903 PMCID: PMC10999936 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) self-assembled structures capable of replicating the microanatomy and physiology of the epithelial components of their organ of origin. Adult stem cell (ASC) derived organoids from the liver have previously been shown to differentiate into primarily mature cholangiocytes, and their partial differentiation into functional hepatocytes can be promoted using specific media compositions. While full morphological differentiation of mature hepatocytes from ASCs has not yet been reported for any species, the functional differentiation can be approximated using various media compositions. Six differentiation media formulations from published studies on hepatic organoids were used for the differentiation protocol. Target species for these protocols were humans, mice, cats, and dogs, and encompassed various combinations and concentrations of four major hepatocyte media components: Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19), Dexamethasone (Dex), and Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor IX (DAPT). Additionally, removing R-spondin from basic organoid media has previously been shown to drive the differentiation of ASC into mature hepatocytes. Differentiation media (N = 20) were designed to encompass combinations of the four major hepatocyte media components. The preferred differentiation of ASC-derived organoids from liver tissue into mature hepatocytes over cholangiocytes was confirmed by albumin production in the culture supernatant. Out of the twenty media compositions tested, six media resulted in the production of the highest amounts of albumin in the supernatant of the organoids. The cell lines cultured using these six media were further characterized via histological staining, transmission electron microscopy, RNA in situ hybridization, analysis of gene expression patterns, immunofluorescence, and label-free proteomics. The results indicate that preferential hepatocyte maturation from canine ADC-derived organoids from liver tissue is mainly driven by Dexamethasone and DAPT components. FGF19 did not enhance organoid differentiation but improved cell culture survival. Furthermore, we confirm that removing R-spondin from the media is crucial for establishing mature hepatic organoid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Gabriel
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Addison Lincoln
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Christopher Zdyrski
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Hannah Wickham
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sydney Honold
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Basant H. Ahmed
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karel Paukner
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Ryan Feauto
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Maria M. Merodio
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
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Li L, Zhong G, Li Y, Li T, Huo Y, Ma F, Li Y, Zhang H, Pan J, Hu L, Liao J, Tang Z. Long-term Cu exposure alters CYP450s activity and induces jejunum injury and apoptosis in broilers. Biometals 2024; 37:421-432. [PMID: 37991682 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in numerous physiopathological processes related to human and animal health. In the poultry industry, Cu is used to promote growth as a feed supplement, but excessive use can lead to toxicity on animals. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) are a superfamily of proteins that require heme as a cofactor and are essential for the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of exposure to Cu on CYP450s activity and apoptosis in the jejunum of broilers. Hence, we first simulated the Cu exposure model by feeding chickens diets containing different amounts of Cu. In the present study, histopathological observations have revealed morphological damage to the jejunum. The expression levels of genes and proteins of intestinal barrier markers were prominently downregulated. While the mRNA expression level of the gene associated with CYP450s was significantly increased. Additionally, apoptosis-related genes and proteins (Bak1, Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and CytC) were also significantly augmented by excessive Cu, while simultaneously decreasing the expression of Bcl-2. It can be concluded that long-term Cu exposure affects CYP450s activity, disrupts intestinal barrier function, and causes apoptosis in broilers that ultimately leads to jejunum damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuanxu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yihui Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Feiyang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Groot M, van Dijk A, van Baak M, Boshuis P, van de Braak A, Zuidema T, Sterk S. 4-acetaminophen (Paracetamol) levels in treated and untreated veal calves, an update. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Badawy S, Yang Y, Liu Y, Marawan MA, Ares I, Martinez MA, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez M. Toxicity induced by ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin: oxidative stress and metabolism. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 51:754-787. [PMID: 35274591 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.2024496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) (human use) and enrofloxacin (ENR) (veterinary use) are synthetic anti-infectious medications that belong to the second generation of fluoroquinolones. They have a wide antimicrobial spectrum and strong bactericidal effects at very low concentrations via enzymatic inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are required for DNA replication. They also have high bioavailability, rapid absorption with favorable pharmacokinetics and excellent tissue penetration, including cerebral spinal fluid. These features have made them the most applied antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine. ENR is marketed exclusively for animal medicine and has been widely used as a therapeutic veterinary antibiotic, resulting in its residue in edible tissues and aquatic environments, as well as the development of resistance and toxicity. Estimation of the risks to humans due to antimicrobial resistance produced by CIP and ENR is important and of great interest. Moreover, in rare cases due to their overdose and/or prolonged administration, the development of CIP and ENR toxicity may occur. The toxicity of these fluoroquinolones antimicrobials is mainly related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) generation, besides metabolism-related toxicity. Therefore, CIP is restricted in pregnant and lactating women, pediatrics and elderly similarly ENR do in the veterinary field. This review manuscript aims to identify the toxicity induced by ROS and OS as a common sequel of CIP and ENR. Furthermore, their metabolism and the role of metabolizing enzymes were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badawy
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Pathology Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - YaQin Yang
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Marawan A Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
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Liu HY, Zhao XY, Yang GQ, Liu JZ, Zhu X. Effects of dietary stachyose levels on caecal skatole concentration, hepatic cytochrome P450 mRNA expressions and enzymatic activities in broilers. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1013-1020. [PMID: 32594918 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Effects of dietary supplemental stachyose on caecal skatole concentration, hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450, CYP) mRNA expressions and enzymatic activities in broilers were evaluated. Arbor Acre commercial mixed male and female chicks were assigned randomly into six treatments. The positive control (PC) diet was based on maize-soyabean meal, and the negative control (NC) diet was based on maize-non-soyabean meal. The NC diet was then supplemented with 4, 5, 6 and 7 g/kg stachyose to create experimental diets, named S-4, S-5, S-6 and S-7, respectively. Each diet was fed to six replicates of ten birds from days 1 to 49. On day 49, the caecal skatole concentrations in the PC, S-4, S-5, S-6 and S-7 groups were lower than those in the NC group by 42·28, 23·68, 46·09, 15·31 and 45·14 % (P < 0·01), respectively. The lowest pH value was observed in the S-5 group (P < 0·05). The stachyose-fed groups of broilers had higher caecal acetate and propionate levels compared with control groups, and propionate levels in the S-6 and S-7 groups were higher than those in the S-4 and S-5 groups (P < 0·001). The highest CYP3A4 expression was found in the S-7 group (P < 0·05), but this was not different from PC, S-4, S-5 and S-6 treatments. There was no significant difference in CYP450 (1A2, 2D6 and 3A4) enzymatic activities among the groups (P > 0·05). In conclusion, caecal skatole levels can be influenced by dietary stachyose levels, and 5 g/kg of stachyose in the diet was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yun Zhao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Qin Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning110866, People's Republic of China
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Hu SX, Mazur CA, Feenstra KL. Assessment of Inhibition of Bovine Hepatic Cytochrome P450 by 43 Commercial Bovine Medicines Using a Combination of In Vitro Assays and Pharmacokinetic Data from the Literature. Drug Metab Lett 2020; 13:123-131. [PMID: 31750810 DOI: 10.2174/1872312813666191120094649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a lack of information about the inhibition of bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450 at their commercial doses and dosing routes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to assess the inhibition of 43 bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450 using a combination of in vitro assay and Cmax values from pharmacokinetic studies with their commercial doses and dosing routes in the literature. METHODS Those drugs were first evaluated through a single point inhibitory assay at 3 μM in bovine liver microsomes for six specific CYP450 metabolisms, phenacetin o-deethylation, coumarin 7- hydroxylation, tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation, bufuralol 1-hydroxylation, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation and midazolam 1'-hydroxylation. When the inhibition was greater than 20% in the assay, IC50 values were then determined. The potential in vivo bovine hepatic CYP450 inhibition by those drugs was assessed using a combination of the IC50 values and in vivo Cmax values from pharmacokinetic studies at their commercial doses and administration routes in the literature. RESULTS Fifteen bovine medicines or metabolites showed in vitro inhibition on one or more bovine hepatic CYP450 metabolisms with different IC50 values. Desfuroylceftiour (active metabolite of ceftiofur), nitroxinil and flunixin have the potential to inhibit one of the bovine hepatic CYP450 isoforms in vivo at their commercial doses and administration routes. The rest of the bovine medicines had low risks of in vivo bovine hepatic CYP450 inhibition. CONCLUSION This combination of in vitro assay and in vivo Cmax data provides a good approach to assess the inhibition of bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven X Hu
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI-49007, United States
| | - Chase A Mazur
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI-49007, United States
| | - Kenneth L Feenstra
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI-49007, United States
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Kieslinger M, Swoboda A, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Wolfesberger B, Burgener IA. Companion Animals as Models for Inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122035. [PMID: 31861073 PMCID: PMC6966487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic mouse models has revolutionized the study of many human diseases. However, murine models are limited in their representation of spontaneously arising tumors and often lack key clinical signs and pathological changes. Thus, a closer representation of complex human diseases is of high therapeutic relevance. Given the high failure rate of drugs at the clinical trial phase (i.e., around 90%), there is a critical need for additional clinically relevant animal models. Companion animals like cats and dogs display chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases that closely resemble the human counterpart. Cat and dog patients can also be treated with clinically approved inhibitors or, if ethics and drug safety studies allow, pilot studies can be conducted using, e.g., inhibitors of the evolutionary conserved JAK-STAT pathway. The incidence by which different types of cancers occur in companion animals as well as mechanisms of disease are unique between humans and companion animals, where one can learn from each other. Taking advantage of this situation, existing inhibitors of known oncogenic STAT3/5 or JAK kinase signaling pathways can be studied in the context of rare human diseases, benefitting both, the development of drugs for human use and their application in veterinary medicine.
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Effect of piperine and quercetin alone or in combination with marbofloxacin on CYP3A37 and MDR1 mRNA expression levels in broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:178-183. [PMID: 31539794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After oral route of administration, drug absorption is unpredictable and is governed by various factors such as multi drug resistance-1 (MDR1) an efflux transporter and drug metabolizing enzymes (like CYP3A4, CYP3A37, CYP2D6) at intestine and liver. Naturally available phyto chemicals like piperine and quercetin as well as some floroquinolones are known to inhibit MDR1 and CYP3A37 activity and increases bioavailability of co-administered drugs. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of piperine and quercetin alone or in combination with marbofloxacin on CYP3A37 and MDR1 mRNA expression levels in liver and intestine of broiler chicken. After oral administration of piperine and quercetin for 3 consecutive days followed by with or without oral administration of marbofloxacin for 5 days, CYP3A37 and MDR1 mRNA expression levels were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Total of 36 broiler chickens in seven individual groups were treated with different regimen and the mRNA expression levels at duodenum and liver were analyzed with apt statistical tools. After piperine and quercetin combined treatment with marbofloxacin, CYP3A37 mRNA expression levels were significantly down regulated by 20.57 (p = .034) and 25.95 (p = .003) folds; and MDR1 mRNA expression levels were also significantly down regulated by 11.33 (p = .012) and 33.59 (p = .006) folds in liver and duodenum, respectively. Down regulation of CYP3A37 and MDR1 mRNA in liver and duodenum indicate the combined pretreatment of piperine and quercetin may be useful for improving the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs which are substrates for CYP3A37 and MDR1.
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Millecam J, van Bergen T, Devreese M, Schauvliege S, Martens A, Chiers K, Croubels S, Antonissen G. Gastrostomy tube placement via a laparotomic procedure in growing conventional piglets to perform multi-dose preclinical paediatric drug studies. Lab Anim 2019; 54:261-271. [PMID: 31242071 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219857106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of juvenile conventional pigs as a preclinical animal model to perform pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) and safety studies for the paediatric population is increasing. Repetitive oral administration of drugs to juvenile pigs is however challenging. A representative method which can be used from birth till adulthood is necessary. The current study presents the placement and use of a gastrostomy button in pigs with a weight ranging from 2.4 to 161 kg. The surgical placement was performed via a laparotomic procedure on, each time, 12 pigs (six male, six female) of 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 6-7 months old. For every age category, eight pigs were part of a PK study with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and four pigs served as a control group. No severe complications were observed during surgery. The button remained functional for 10 days in 40 out of 48 pigs. No significant differences in body temperature or white blood cell count were observed during the trial. Three control pigs showed signs of inflammation indicating a NSAID might be warranted. Autopsy revealed minimal signs of major inflammation in the abdominal cavity or the stomach. A limited number of pigs showed mucosal inflammation, ulcers or abscesses in the stomach or around the fistula. These results indicate that the laparotomic placement of a gastrostomy button might be considered safe and easy in growing pigs to perform repetitive oral dosing preclinical studies. However, the method is not advised in pigs weighing more than 100 kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joske Millecam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Thomas van Bergen
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Ann Martens
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Belgium
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Bailey J, Thew M, Balls M. An Analysis of the Use of Animal Models in Predicting Human Toxicology and Drug Safety. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 42:181-99. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291404200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Bailey
- British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), London, UK
| | - Michelle Thew
- British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), London, UK
| | - Michael Balls
- c/o Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME), Nottingham, UK
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11
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Gleich A, Kaiser B, Honscha W, Fuhrmann H, Schoeniger A. Evaluation of the hepatocyte-derived cell line BFH12 as an in vitro model for bovine biotransformation. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:231-244. [PMID: 30617848 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of drug metabolising enzymes (DMEs) in cattle is rather limited. The capability of the bovine foetal hepatocyte-derived cell line BFH12 to serve as model for biotransformation was evaluated. Gene expression analysis of DMEs was performed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The presence of efflux transporters was visualised by immunocytochemistry, and functional induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A was assessed by the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. The production of bile acids was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RT-PCR revealed the expression of cytochromes 1A1, 1A2, 3A4 and phase II enzymes UGT1A1, UGT1A6 and GSTM1. Immunofluorescence demonstrated efflux transporters ABCG2 and ABCC1. The EROD assay revealed a dose-dependent CYP1A induction after treatment with benzo[a]pyrene (BP). LC-MS/MS analysis of cell culture supernatants showed the production of bile acids including taurocholic acid, tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid and taurolithocholic acid. The results strongly suggest the applicability of the cell line BFH12 for subsequent experiments in the emerging field of bovine biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gleich
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bastian Kaiser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walther Honscha
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Schoeniger
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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12
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Millecam J, De Clerck L, Govaert E, Devreese M, Gasthuys E, Schelstraete W, Deforce D, De Bock L, Van Bocxlaer J, Sys S, Croubels S. The Ontogeny of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity and Protein Abundance in Conventional Pigs in Support of Preclinical Pediatric Drug Research. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:470. [PMID: 29867477 PMCID: PMC5960725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the implementation of several legislations to improve pediatric drug research, more pediatric clinical trials are being performed. In order to optimize these pediatric trials, adequate preclinical data are necessary, which are usually obtained by juvenile animal models. The growing piglet has been increasingly suggested as a potential animal model due to a high degree of anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. However, physiological data in pigs on the ontogeny of major organs involved in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs are largely lacking. The aim of this study was to unravel the ontogeny of porcine hepatic drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450) activities as well as protein abundances. Liver microsomes from 16 conventional pigs (8 males and 8 females) per age group: 2 days, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 6-7 months were prepared. Activity measurements were performed with substrates of major human CYP450 enzymes: midazolam (CYP3A), tolbutamide (CYP2C), and chlorzoxazone (CYP2E). Next, the hepatic scaling factor, microsomal protein per gram liver (MPPGL), was determined to correct for enzyme losses during the fractionation process. Finally, protein abundance was determined using proteomics and correlated with enzyme activity. No significant sex differences within each age category were observed in enzyme activity or MPPGL. The biotransformation rate of all three substrates increased with age, comparable with human maturation of CYP450 enzymes. The MPPGL decreased from birth till 8 weeks of age followed by an increase till 6-7 months of age. Significant sex differences in protein abundance were observed for CYP1A2, CYP2A19, CYP3A22, CYP4V2, CYP2C36, CYP2E_1, and CYP2E_2. Midazolam and tolbutamide are considered good substrates to evaluate porcine CYP3A/2C enzymes, respectively. However, chlorzoxazone is not advised to evaluate porcine CYP2E enzyme activity. The increase in biotransformation rate with age can be attributed to an increase in absolute amount of CYP450 proteins. Finally, developmental changes were observed regarding the involvement of specific CYP450 enzymes in the biotransformation of the different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joske Millecam
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Laura De Clerck
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Govaert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elke Gasthuys
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Schelstraete
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies De Bock
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Bocxlaer
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Sys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology of Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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13
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Sanders P, Henri J, Laurentie M. Tools to evaluate pharmacokinetics data for establishing maximum residue limits for approved veterinary drugs: examples from JECFA's work. Drug Test Anal 2016; 8:565-71. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Sanders
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety; Fougères France
| | - J. Henri
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety; Fougères France
| | - M. Laurentie
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety; Fougères France
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14
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Helke KL, Nelson KN, Sargeant AM, Jacob B, McKeag S, Haruna J, Vemireddi V, Greeley M, Brocksmith D, Navratil N, Stricker-Krongrad A, Hollinger C. Pigs in Toxicology. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:575-90. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316639389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Both a rodent and a nonrodent species are required for evaluation in nonclinical safety studies conducted to support human clinical trials. Historically, dogs and nonhuman primates have been the nonrodent species of choice. Swine, especially the miniature swine or minipigs, are increasingly being used in preclinical safety as an alternate nonrodent species. The pig is an appropriate option for these toxicology studies based on metabolic pathways utilized in xenobiotic biotransformation. Both similarities and differences exist in phase I and phase II biotransformation pathways between humans and pigs. There are numerous breeds of pigs, yet only a few of these breeds are characterized with regard to both xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and background pathology findings. Some specific differences in these enzymes based on breed and sex are known. Although swine have been used extensively in biomedical research, there is also a paucity of information in the current literature detailing the incidence of background lesions and differences between commonly used breeds. Here, the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes are compared between humans and pigs, and minipig background pathology changes are reviewed with emphasis on breed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L. Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Binod Jacob
- Charles River Laboratories, Spencerville, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Derek Brocksmith
- Sinclair Research Center and Sinclair Bio Resources, Auxvasse, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Charlotte Hollinger
- Zoological Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
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15
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Hu SX, Mazur CA, Feenstra KL, Lorenz JK, Merritt DA. Assessment of inhibition of porcine hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by 48 commercial drugs. Vet J 2016; 211:26-31. [PMID: 27053015 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug interactions due to inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are not well understood in veterinary medicine. Forty-eight commercial porcine medicines were selected to evaluate their potential inhibition on porcine hepatic CYP450 enzymes at their commercial doses and administration routes. Those drugs were first assessed through a single point inhibitory assay at 3 µM in porcine liver microsomes for six specific CYP450 metabolisms (phenacetin o-deethylation, coumarin 7-hydroxylation, tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation, bufuralol 1-hydroxylation, chlorozoxazone 6-hydroxylation and midazolam 1'-hydroxylation). When the inhibition was > 10% in the single point inhibitory assay, IC50 values (inhibitory concentrations that decrease biotransformation of selected substrate by 50%) were determined. Overall, 17 drugs showed in vitro inhibition on one or more porcine hepatic CYP450 metabolisms with different IC50 values. The potential in vivo porcine hepatic CYP450 inhibition by those drugs was assessed by combining the in vitro data and in vivo Cmax (maximum plasma concentrations from pharmacokinetic studies of the porcine medicines at their commercial doses and administration routes). Three drugs showed high potential inhibition to one or two porcine hepatic CYP450 isoforms at their commercial doses and administration routes, while seven drugs had medium risk and seven had low risk of such in vivo inhibition. These data are useful to prevent potential drug interactions in veterinary medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven X Hu
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
| | - Chase A Mazur
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Kenneth L Feenstra
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Julie K Lorenz
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Dawn A Merritt
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
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16
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Wang L, Huang L, Pan Y, Kuča K, Klímová B, Wu Q, Xie S, Ahmad I, Chen D, Tao Y, Wan D, Liu Z, Yuan Z. Metabolism and Disposition of Aditoprim in Swine, Broilers, Carp and Rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20370. [PMID: 26838160 PMCID: PMC4738305 DOI: 10.1038/srep20370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aditoprim (ADP) is a newly developed antibacterial agent in veterinary medicine. The metabolism and disposition of ADP in swine, broilers, carp and rats were investigated by using a radio tracer method combined with a radioactivity detector and a liquid chromatography/ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. After a single oral administration, more than 94% of the dose was recovered within 14 d in the four species. The urine excretion was dominant in swine and rats, making up 78% of the dose. N-monodesmethyl-ADP, N-didesmethyl-ADP, and 10 new metabolites were characterized. These metabolites were biotransformed from the process of demethylation, α-hydroxylation, N-oxidation, and NH2-glucuronidation. After an oral dose for 7 d, ADP-derived radioactivity was widely distributed in tissues, and high concentrations were especially observed in bile, liver, kidney, lung, and spleen. The radioactivity in the liver was eliminated much more slowly than in other tissues, with a half-life of 4.26, 3.38, 6.69, and 5.21 d in swine, broilers, carp, and rats, respectively. ADP, N-monodesmethyl-ADP, and N-didesmethyl-ADP were the major metabolites in edible tissues. Notably, ADP was detected with the highest concentration and the longest duration in these tissues. These findings indicated that ADP is the marker residue and the liver is the residue target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klímová
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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17
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The use of antimicrobial agents in broiler chickens. Vet J 2015; 205:21-7. [PMID: 25981931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are essential tools for treating and controlling bacterial infections in poultry production. Veterinarians have a huge responsibility when using antimicrobials in poultry producing meat and eggs for human consumption. The term 'judicious use' of antimicrobials implies the optimal selection of drug, dose and duration of antimicrobial treatment, along with a reduction in inappropriate and excessive use as a means of slowing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The proper use of antimicrobials depends on the knowledge of interrelationships between bacteria, antimicrobial, host and consumer. This article reviews the anatomical-physiological features of poultry relating to drug disposition as well as the pharmacological and therapeutic characteristics of the most commonly used antimicrobials in broiler chickens. Doses frequently employed for flock treatment are presented as are accepted withdrawal times.
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18
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Li J, Huang L, Wang X, Pan Y, Liu Z, Chen D, Tao Y, Wu Q, Yuan Z. Metabolic disposition and excretion of quinocetone in rats, pigs, broilers, and carp. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:109-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Yang J, Liu Z, Li M, Qiu X. Hydroxylation of quinocetone and carbadox is mediated by CYP1As in the chicken (Gallus gallus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 158:84-90. [PMID: 23726999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives (quinoxalines) comprise a class of drugs that have been widely used as animal antimicrobial agents and feed additives. Although the metabolism of quinoxaline drugs has been mostly studied using chicken liver microsomes, the biochemical mechanism of biotransformation of these chemicals in the chicken has yet to be characterized. In this study, using bacteria produced enzymes, we demonstrated that both CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 participate in the oxidative metabolism of quinoxalines. For CYP1A5, three hydroxylated metabolites of quinocetone were generated. In addition, CYP1A5 is able to hydroxylate carbadox. For CYP1A4, only one hydroxylated product of quinocetone on the phenyl ring was identified. Neither CYP1A5 nor CYP1A4 showed hydroxylation activity towards mequindox and cyadox. Our results suggest that CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 have different and somewhat overlapping substrate specificity in quinoxaline metabolism, and CYP1A5 represents a crucial enzyme in hydroxylation of both quinocetone and carbadox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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20
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Hu S. Effect of age on hepatic cytochrome P450 of Ross 708 broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1283-92. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Osselaere A, Li SJ, De Bock L, Devreese M, Goossens J, Vandenbroucke V, Van Bocxlaer J, Boussery K, Pasmans F, Martel A, De Backer P, Croubels S. Toxic effects of dietary exposure to T-2 toxin on intestinal and hepatic biotransformation enzymes and drug transporter systems in broiler chickens. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:150-5. [PMID: 23313610 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the mycotoxin T-2 on hepatic and intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450) and drug transporter systems (MDR1 and MRP2) in poultry were investigated during this study. Broiler chickens received either uncontaminated feed, feed contaminated with 68μg/kg or 752μg/kg T-2 toxin. After 3weeks, the animals were euthanized and MDR1, MRP2, CYP1A4, CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 mRNA expression were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Along the entire length of the small intestine no significant differences were observed. In the liver, genes coding for CYP1A4, CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 were significantly down-regulated in the group exposed to 752μg/kg T-2. For CYP1A4, even a contamination level of 68μg/kg T-2 caused a significant decrease in mRNA expression. Expression of MDR1 was not significantly decreased in the liver. In contrast, hepatic MRP2 expression was significantly down-regulated after exposure to 752μg/kg T-2. Hepatic and intestinal microsomes were prepared to test the enzymatic activity of CYP3A. In the ileum and liver CYP3A activity was significantly increased in the group receiving 752μg/kg T-2 compared to the control group. The results of this study show that drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporter mechanisms can be influenced due to prolonged exposure to relevant doses of T-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osselaere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
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22
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Martinez MN, Antonovic L, Court M, Dacasto M, Fink-Gremmels J, Kukanich B, Locuson C, Mealey K, Myers MJ, Trepanier L. Challenges in exploring the cytochrome P450 system as a source of variation in canine drug pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:218-30. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.765445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Osselaere A, De Bock L, Eeckhaut V, De Backer P, Van Bocxlaer J, Boussery K, Croubels S. Hepatic and intestinal CYP3A expression and activity in broilers. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 36:588-93. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Osselaere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - L. De Bock
- Department of Bioanalysis; Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - V. Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - P. De Backer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - J. Van Bocxlaer
- Department of Bioanalysis; Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - K. Boussery
- Department of Bioanalysis; Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - S. Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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24
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Zancanella V, Giantin M, Lopparelli RM, Nebbia C, Dacasto M. Constitutive expression and phenobarbital modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and related nuclear receptors in cattle liver and extra-hepatic tissues. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:1096-109. [PMID: 22694178 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.694493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In humans and rodents, phenobarbital (PB) induces hepatic and extra-hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) through the activation of specific nuclear receptors (NRs). In contrast, few data about PB transcriptional effects in veterinary species are available. The constitutive expression and modulation of PB-responsive NR and DME genes, following an oral PB challenge, were investigated in cattle liver and extra-hepatic tissues (duodenum, kidney, lung, testis, adrenal and muscle). Likewise to humans and rodents, target genes were expressed to a lower extent compared to the liver with few exceptions. Phenobarbital significantly affected hepatic CYP2B22, 2C31, 2C87, 3A and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1-like, glutathione S-transferase A1-like and sulfotransferase 1A1-like (SULT1A1-like) mRNAs and apoprotein amounts; in extra-hepatic tissues, only duodenum showed a significant down-regulation of SULT1A1-like gene and apoprotein. Nuclear receptor mRNAs were never affected by PB. Presented data are the first evidence about the constitutive expression of foremost DME and NR genes in cattle extra-hepatic tissues, and the data obtained following a PB challenge are suggestive of species-differences in drug metabolism; altogether, these information are of value for the extrapolation of pharmacotoxicological data among species, the characterization of drug-drug interactions as well as the animal and consumer's risk caused by harmful residues formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zancanella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Agripolis Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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