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Manna AS, Nandi R, Ghosh T, Pal S, Rahaman R, Maiti DK. Organic Base-Promoted C-N- and C-O-Coupled Domino Cyclization Strategy: Syntheses of Oxazine-6-ones and 4-Pyrimidinols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5650-5664. [PMID: 38577786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Oxazine-6-one and 4-pyrimidinol are two important frameworks in pharmaceutical production. Herein, we disclosed a simple, efficient, inexpensive organic base-promoted and additive-stimulated protocol for the syntheses of variably functionalized oxazine-6-ones and 4-pyrimidinols employing acetonitrile solvent under conventional heating conditions using an oil bath through C-N and C-O coupled domino steps. This simple practicable productive protocol utilizes easily producible cheap precursors, namely, benzimidates or benzamidines, with differently substituted dicyano-olefins, and it comprises step economy, robustness, and moisture insensitive conditions affording high yield that avoids the use of transition-metal catalysts, multistep with multicomponent strategy, and harsh reaction conditions involving hazardous chemicals. This method is scalable into gram-scale production with good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya S Manna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Rajesh Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tanmoy Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Subhasis Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Rajjakfur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Dilip K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Ocampo-Gallego JS, Pedroza-Escobar D, Caicedo-Ortega AR, Berumen-Murra MT, Novelo-Aguirre AL, de Sotelo-León RD, Delgadillo-Guzmán D. Human neutrophil elastase inhibitors: Classification, biological-synthetic sources and their relevance in related diseases. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:13-32. [PMID: 37609718 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human neutrophil elastase is a multifunctional protease enzyme whose function is to break the bonds of proteins and degrade them to polypeptides or amino acids. In addition, it plays an essential role in the immune mechanism against bacterial infections and represents a key mediator in tissue remodeling and inflammation. However, when the extracellular release of this enzyme is dysregulated in response to low levels of its physiological inhibitors, it ultimately leads to the degradation of proteins, in particular elastin, as well as other components of the extracellular matrix, producing injury to epithelial cells, which can promote sustained inflammation and affect the innate immune system, and, therefore, be the basis for the development of severe inflammatory diseases, especially those associated with the cardiopulmonary system. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an update on the elastase inhibitory properties of several molecules, either synthetic or biological sources, as well as their classification and relevance in related pathologies since a clear understanding of the function of these molecules with the inhibitory capacity of this protease can provide valuable information for the development of pharmacological therapies that manage to modify the prognosis and survival of various inflammatory diseases. METHODS Collected data from scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Nature, Wiley, Scopus, and Scielo. Articles published in any country and language were included. RESULTS We reviewed and included 132 articles conceptualizing neutrophil elastase activity and known inhibitors. CONCLUSION Understanding the mechanism of action of elastase inhibitors based on particular aspects such as their kinetic behavior, structure-function relationship, chemical properties, origin, pharmacodynamics, and experimental progress has allowed for a broad classification of HNE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Pedroza-Escobar
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Caicedo-Ortega
- Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Berumen-Murra
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina UT, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Ana Lucía Novelo-Aguirre
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina UT, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Denis de Sotelo-León
- Departmento de Nutricion. Unidad de Medicina Familiar, UMAA 53, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico
| | - Dealmy Delgadillo-Guzmán
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina UT, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico
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Sengupta S, Reddy JR, Rajesh N, Jaiswal A, Mabalirajan U, Palakodety RK, Mukherjee P, Bandyopadhyay A. Novel benzoxazinone derivative as potent human neutrophil elastase inhibitor: Potential implications in lung injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175187. [PMID: 35952844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase, a powerful physiological defence tool, may serve as drug target for diverse diseases due to its bystander effect on host cells like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we synthesised seven novel benzoxazinone derivatives and identified that these synthetic compounds are human neutrophil elastase inhibitor that was demonstrated by enzyme substrate kinetic assay. One such compound, PD05, emerged as the most potent inhibitor with lower IC50 as compared to control drug sivelestat. While this inhibition is competitive based on substrate dilution assay, PD05 showed a high binding affinity for human neutrophil elastase (Kd = 1.63 nM) with faster association and dissociation rate compared to notable elastase inhibitors like ONO 6818 and AZD9668, and its interaction with human neutrophil elastase was fully reversible.Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies were performed in vitro where protein binding was found to be 72% with a high recovery rate, aqueous solubility of 194.7 μM, low permeability along with a favourable hERG. Experiments with cell line revealed that the molecule successfully prevented elastase induced rounding and retracted cell morphology and cell cytotoxicity. In mouse model PD05 is able to reduce the alveolar collapse induced by neutrophil elastase. In summary, we demonstrate the in situ, in vitro and in vivo anti-elastase potential of the newly synthesised benzoxazinone derivative PD05 and thus this could be promising candidate for further investigation as a drug for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Sengupta
- Cardiovascular Disease & Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Jala Ranjith Reddy
- Division of Organic and Biomolecular Medicine, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nomula Rajesh
- Division of Organic and Biomolecular Medicine, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashish Jaiswal
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Radha Krishna Palakodety
- Division of Organic and Biomolecular Medicine, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pulok Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Arun Bandyopadhyay
- Cardiovascular Disease & Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
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4
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Ashooriha M, Ahmadi R, Ahadi H, Emami S. Application of kojic acid scaffold in the design of non-tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:290-303. [PMID: 35555863 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kojic acid (KA) is a hydroxypyranone natural metabolite mainly known as tyrosinase inhibitor. Currently, this compound is used as a whitening agent in cosmetics and as an anti-browning agent in food industry. Given the easy-manipulation in different positions of the KA molecule, many investigations have been carried out to find new tyrosinase inhibitors derived from KA. Beside anti-tyrosinase activity, many KA-based compounds have been designed for targeting other enzymes including human neutrophil elastase, catechol-O-methyltransferase, matrix metalloproteinases, monoamine oxidase, human lactate dehydrogenase, endonucleases, D-amino acid oxidase, and receptors such as histamine H3 and apelin (APJ) receptors. This review could help biochemists and medicinal chemists in designing diverse KA-derived enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ashooriha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ahadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Jakimiuk K, Gesek J, Atanasov AG, Tomczyk M. Flavonoids as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1016-1028. [PMID: 33980119 PMCID: PMC8128182 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1927006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastase is a proteolytic enzyme belonging to the family of hydrolases produced by human neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Human neutrophil elastase is known to play multiple roles in the human body, but an increase in its activity may cause a variety of diseases. Elastase inhibitors may prevent the development of psoriasis, chronic kidney disease, respiratory disorders (including COVID-19), immune disorders, and even cancers. Among polyphenolic compounds, some flavonoids and their derivatives, which are mostly found in herbal plants, have been revealed to influence elastase release and its action on human cells. This review focuses on elastase inhibitors that have been discovered from natural sources and are biochemically characterised as flavonoids. The inhibitory activity on elastase is a characteristic of flavonoid aglycones and their glycoside and methylated, acetylated and hydroxylated derivatives. The presented analysis of structure-activity relationship (SAR) enables the determination of the chemical groups responsible for evoking an inhibitory effect on elastase. Further study especially of the in vivo efficacy and safety of the described natural compounds is of interest in order to gain better understanding of their health-promoting potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Gesek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Student’s Scientific Association, Białystok, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Xiao Y, Cong M, Li J, He D, Wu Q, Tian P, Wang Y, Yang S, Liang C, Liang Y, Wen J, Liu Y, Luo W, Lv X, He Y, Cheng DD, Zhou T, Zhao W, Zhang P, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Qian Y, Wang H, Gao Q, Yang QC, Yang Q, Hu G. Cathepsin C promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by modulating neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:423-437.e7. [PMID: 33450198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung metastasis is the major cause of breast cancer-related mortality. The neutrophil-associated inflammatory microenvironment aids tumor cells in metastatic colonization in lungs. Here, we show that tumor-secreted protease cathepsin C (CTSC) promotes breast-to-lung metastasis by regulating recruitment of neutrophils and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). CTSC enzymatically activates neutrophil membrane-bound proteinase 3 (PR3) to facilitate interleukin-1β (IL-1β) processing and nuclear factor κB activation, thus upregulating IL-6 and CCL3 for neutrophil recruitment. In addition, the CTSC-PR3-IL-1β axis induces neutrophil reactive oxygen species production and formation of NETs, which degrade thrombospondin-1 and support metastatic growth of cancer cells in the lungs. CTSC expression and secretion are associated with NET formation and lung metastasis in human breast tumors. Importantly, targeting CTSC with compound AZD7986 effectively suppresses lung metastasis of breast cancer in a mouse model. Overall, our findings reveal a mechanism of how tumor cells regulate neutrophils in metastatic niches and support CTSC-targeting approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiatao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dasa He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiuyao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pu Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenxi Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yajun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jili Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenqian Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xianzhe Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yunfei He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dong-Dong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Youcun Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing-Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Ettari R, Cerchia C, Maiorana S, Guccione M, Novellino E, Bitto A, Grasso S, Lavecchia A, Zappalà M. Development of Novel Amides as Noncovalent Inhibitors of Immunoproteasomes. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:842-852. [PMID: 30829448 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of immunoproteasome-selective inhibitors is a promising strategy for treating hematologic malignancies, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this context, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of amide derivatives as immunoproteasome inhibitors. Notably, the designed compounds act as noncovalent inhibitors, which might be a promising therapeutic option because of the lack of drawbacks and side effects associated with irreversible inhibition. Among the synthesized compounds, we identified a panel of active inhibitors with Ki values in the low micromolar or sub-micromolar ranges toward the β5i and/or β1i subunits of immunoproteasomes. One of the active compounds was shown to be the most potent and selective inhibitor with a Ki value of 21 nm against the single β1i subunit. Docking studies allowed us to determine the mode of binding of the molecules in the catalytic site of immunoproteasome subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Santina Maiorana
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Manuela Guccione
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
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8
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Keir HR, Fong CJ, Crichton ML, Barth P, Chevalier E, Brady G, Kennedy G, Zimmermann J, Bruijnzeel PLB, Dicker AJ, Chalmers JD. Personalised anti-inflammatory therapy for bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis: selecting patients for controlled trials of neutrophil elastase inhibition. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00252-2018. [PMID: 30918898 PMCID: PMC6431753 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00252-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil elastase (NE) has been linked to lung neutrophil dysfunction in bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis (CF), making NE inhibition a potential therapeutic target. NE inhibitor trials have given mixed result perhaps because not all patients have elevated airway NE activity. Methods We tested whether a single baseline sputum NE measurement or a combination of clinical parameters could enrich patient populations with elevated NE activity for "personalised medicine". Intra- and interindividual variations of total and active NE levels in induced sputum from patients with CF or bronchiectasis were monitored over 14 days. Patients with established CF and bronchiectasis (n=5 per group) were recruited. NE was measured using three different methods: one total and two active NE assays. Subsequently, we analysed the association between clinical parameters and NE from a large bronchiectasis cohort study (n=381). Results All three assays showed a high degree of day-to-day variability (0-233% over 14 days). There were strong correlations found between all assays (p<0.0001). Despite high day-to-day variability, patients could be stratified into "high" or "low" groups based on moderate cut-off levels. In the bronchiectasis cohort study, factors most associated with high sputum NE levels were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (β-estimate 11.5, 95% CI -6.0-29.0), sputum colour (β-estimate 10.4, 95% CI 4.3-16.6), Medical Research Council dyspnoea score (β-estimate 6.4, 95% CI 1.4-11.4) and exacerbation history (β-estimate 3.4, 95% CI 1.4-5.3). Collectively, P. aeruginosa infection, sputum colour and exacerbation frequency provided the greatest specificity for "high" NE (98.7%, 95% CI 7.0-99.6%). Conclusion These results show that patients with bronchiectasis and CF can be effectively divided into "high" or "low" groups, based on sputum NE assays or clinical inclusion criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Keir
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Christopher J Fong
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Megan L Crichton
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | - Gill Brady
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gwen Kennedy
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | - Alison J Dicker
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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9
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Ti H, Zhou Y, Liang X, Li R, Ding K, Zhao X. Targeted Treatments for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Using Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs (LMWDs). J Med Chem 2019; 62:5944-5978. [PMID: 30682248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very common and frequently fatal airway disease. Current therapies for COPD depend mainly on long-acting bronchodilators, which cannot target the pathogenic mechanisms of chronic inflammation in COPD. New pharmaceutical therapies for the inflammatory processes of COPD are urgently needed. Several anti-inflammatory targets have been identified based on increased understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD, which raises new hopes for targeted treatment of this fatal respiratory disease. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in bioactive low-molecular-weight drugs (LMWDs) for the treatment of COPD and, in addition to the first-line drug bronchodilators, focus particularly on low-molecular-weight anti-inflammatory agents, including modulators of inflammatory mediators, inflammasome inhibitors, protease inhibitors, antioxidants, PDE4 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, and other agents. We also provide new insights into targeted COPD treatments using LMWDs, particularly small-molecule agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm SE-100 44 , Sweden
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , P. R. China
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10
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Bronze-da-Rocha E, Santos-Silva A. Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1343-1360. [PMID: 30123081 PMCID: PMC6097478 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD), the last stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Neutrophils are the front line cells that mediate an inflammatory response against microorganisms as they can migrate, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), secrete neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Serine proteases inhibitors regulate the activity of serine proteases and reduce neutrophil accumulation at inflammatory sites. This review intends to relate the role of neutrophil elastase in CKD and the effects of neutrophil elastase inhibitors in predicting or preventing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Vergelli C, Schepetkin IA, Crocetti L, Iacovone A, Giovannoni MP, Guerrini G, Khlebnikov AI, Ciattini S, Ciciani G, Quinn MT. Isoxazol-5(2H)-one: a new scaffold for potent human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:821-831. [PMID: 28612630 PMCID: PMC5927774 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1326915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is an important target for the development of novel and selective inhibitors to treat inflammatory diseases, especially pulmonary pathologies. Here, we report the synthesis, structure-activity relationship analysis, and biological evaluation of a new series of HNE inhibitors with an isoxazol-5(2H)-one scaffold. The most potent compound (2o) had a good balance between HNE inhibitory activity (IC50 value =20 nM) and chemical stability in aqueous buffer (t1/2=8.9 h). Analysis of reaction kinetics revealed that the most potent isoxazolone derivatives were reversible competitive inhibitors of HNE. Furthermore, since compounds 2o and 2s contain two carbonyl groups (2-N-CO and 5-CO) as possible points of attack for Ser195, the amino acid of the active site responsible for the nucleophilic attack, docking studies allowed us to clarify the different roles played by these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vergelli
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Antonella Iacovone
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- c Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry , Tomsk Polytechnic University , Tomsk , Russia.,d Department of Chemistry , Altai State Technical University , Barnaul , Russia
| | - Samuele Ciattini
- e Dipartimento di Chimica, Centro di Cristallografia , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Giovanna Ciciani
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Mark T Quinn
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
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12
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Chinthakindi PK, Naicker T, Thota N, Govender T, Kruger HG, Arvidsson PI. Sulfonimidamide in medizinischer Chemie und Agrochemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 Südafrika
| | - Niranjan Thota
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 Südafrika
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 Südafrika
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 Südafrika
| | - Per I. Arvidsson
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 Südafrika
- Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development Platform and Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; 17177 Stockholm Schweden
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13
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Chinthakindi PK, Naicker T, Thota N, Govender T, Kruger HG, Arvidsson PI. Sulfonimidamides in Medicinal and Agricultural Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4100-4109. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Niranjan Thota
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Per I. Arvidsson
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; University of KwaZulu Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
- Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development Platform and Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; 17177 Stockholm Sweden
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14
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Crocetti L, Schepetkin IA, Ciciani G, Giovannoni MP, Guerrini G, Iacovone A, Khlebnikov AI, Kirpotina LN, Quinn MT, Vergelli C. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Indole Derivatives as Deaza Analogues of Potent Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:285-99. [PMID: 27474878 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical Research A number of N-benzoylindoles were designed and synthesized as deaza analogs of previously reported potent and selective HNE inhibitors with an indazole scaffold. The new compounds containing substituents and functions that were most active in the previous series were active in the micromolar range (the most potent had IC50 = 3.8 μM) or inactive. These results demonstrated the importance of N-2 in the indazole nucleus. Docking studies performed on several compounds containing the same substituents but with an indole or an indazole scaffold, respectively, highlight interesting aspects concerning the molecule orientation and H-bonding interactions, which could help to explain the lower activity of this new series. Drug Dev Res, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717
| | - Giovanna Ciciani
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonella Iacovone
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia and Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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15
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Di Cesare Mannelli L, Micheli L, Cinci L, Maresca M, Vergelli C, Pacini A, Quinn MT, Paola Giovannoni M, Ghelardini C. Effects of the neutrophil elastase inhibitor EL-17 in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:1285-94. [PMID: 27032424 PMCID: PMC5009473 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil elastase (NE), a granule-associated enzyme, participates in connective tissue breakdown and promotes cytokine release and specific receptor activation during various inflammatory diseases like RA. NE is increased in the SF and cartilage of RA patients and represents a target for the development of new therapeutic possibilities. The present research aimed to evaluate the preclinical pharmacological profile of the N-benzoylpyrazole derivative EL-17, a potent and selective NE inhibitor, in a rat model of RA. METHODS Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) was injected in the tibiotarsal joint and the effect of acute or repeated treatments with EL-17 (1-30 mg/kg by mouth) were evaluated. RESULTS On day 14 after CFA injection, a single administration of EL-17 significantly reduced CFA-dependent hypersensitivity to mechanical noxious stimuli and the postural unbalance related to spontaneous pain. To evaluate the preventive efficacy, EL-17 was administered daily starting from the day of CFA treatment. Behavioural measurements performed on days 7 and 14 showed a progressive efficacy of EL-17 against hypersensitivity to mechanical noxious and non-noxious stimuli, as well as a decrease of hind limb weight-bearing alterations. Histological evaluation of the tibiotarsal joint (day 14) demonstrated significant prevention of articular derangement after EL-17 (30 mg/kg) treatment. The protective effects of EL-17 directly correlated with a complete reversion of the plasma NE activity increase induced by CFA. CONCLUSIONS The NE inhibitor EL-17 relieved articular pain after acute administration. Furthermore, repeated treatment reduced the development of hypersensitivity and protected joint tissue, revealing a disease-modifying profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section
| | - Mario Maresca
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, DMSC, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section
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16
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von Nussbaum F, Li VMJ. Neutrophil elastase inhibitors for the treatment of (cardio)pulmonary diseases: Into clinical testing with pre-adaptive pharmacophores. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4370-81. [PMID: 26358162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is linked with an increased risk of suffering from lung emphysema. This discovery from the 1960s led to the development of the protease-antiprotease (im)balance hypothesis: Overshooting protease concentrations, especially high levels of elastase were deemed to have an destructive effect on lung tissue. Consequently, it was postulated that efficient elastase inhibitors could alleviate the situation in patients. However, despite intensive drug discovery efforts, even five decades later, no neutrophil elastase inhibitors are available for a disease-modifying treatment of (cardio)pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we critically review the attempts to develop effective human neutrophil elastase inhibitors while strongly focussing on recent developments. On purpose and with perspective distortion we focus on recent developments. One aim of this review is to classify the known HNE inhibitors into several generations, according to their binding modes. In general, there seem to be three major challenges in the development of suitable elastase inhibitors: (1) assuring sufficient potency, (2) securing selectivity, and (3) achieving metabolic stability especially under pathophysiological conditions. Impressive achievements have been made since 2001 with the identification of potent nonreactive, reversible small molecule inhibitors. The most modern inhibitors bind HNE via an induced fit with a frozen bioactive conformation that leads to a significant boost in potency, selectivity, and stability ('pre-adaptive pharmacophores'). These 5th generation inhibitors might succeed in re-establishing the protease-antiprotease balance in patients for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volkhart M-J Li
- Bayer HealthCare AG, Lead Discovery Wuppertal, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
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17
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Gu C, Lewis RJ, Wells AS, Svensson PH, Hosagrahara VP, Johnsson E, Hallström G. Lipid Peroxide-Mediated Oxidative Rearrangement of the Pyrazinone Carboxamide Core of Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor AZD9819 in Blood Plasma Samples. Drug Metab Dispos 2015. [PMID: 26203069 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the mechanistic interpretation of ex vivo oxidation of a candidate drug in blood plasma samples. An unexpected lipid peroxide-mediated epoxidation followed by a dramatic rearrangement led to production of a five-membered oxazole derivative from the original six-membered pyrazinone-carboxamide core of a human neutrophil elastase inhibitor, 6-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-3-oxo-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazine-2-carboxamide (AZD9819). The rearranged oxidation product 2-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-5-(N-ethylacetamido)-N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)oxazole-4-carboxamide was characterized by accurate-mass tandem mass spectrometry fragmentations, by two-dimensional NMR and X-ray crystallography of an authentic standard, and by incorporation of an (18)O atom from molecular (18)O2 to the location predicted by our proposed mechanism. The lipid peroxide-mediated oxidation was demonstrated by using human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and by inhibiting the oxidation with ascorbic acid or l-glutathione, two antioxidants effective in both plasma and the LDL incubation. A nucleophilic mechanism for the epoxidation of AZD9819 by lipid hydroperoxides explains the prevention of its ex vivo oxidation by acidification of the plasma samples. The discovery of the lipid peroxide-dependent oxidation of an analyte and the means of prevention could provide valuable information for biotransformation and bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungang Gu
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts (C.G., V.P.H.); AstraZeneca, R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden (R.J.L., E.J.); AstraZeneca, R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, United Kingdom (R.J.L., A.S.W.); AstraZeneca, R&D Södertälje, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S); AstraZeneca, R&D Wilmington, Wilmington, Delaware (C.G.); AstraZeneca, R&D Lund, Lund, Sweden (E.J., G.H.); SP Process Development, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S.); and Applied Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (P.H.S.)
| | - Richard J Lewis
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts (C.G., V.P.H.); AstraZeneca, R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden (R.J.L., E.J.); AstraZeneca, R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, United Kingdom (R.J.L., A.S.W.); AstraZeneca, R&D Södertälje, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S); AstraZeneca, R&D Wilmington, Wilmington, Delaware (C.G.); AstraZeneca, R&D Lund, Lund, Sweden (E.J., G.H.); SP Process Development, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S.); and Applied Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (P.H.S.)
| | - Andrew S Wells
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts (C.G., V.P.H.); AstraZeneca, R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden (R.J.L., E.J.); AstraZeneca, R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, United Kingdom (R.J.L., A.S.W.); AstraZeneca, R&D Södertälje, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S); AstraZeneca, R&D Wilmington, Wilmington, Delaware (C.G.); AstraZeneca, R&D Lund, Lund, Sweden (E.J., G.H.); SP Process Development, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S.); and Applied Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (P.H.S.)
| | - Per H Svensson
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts (C.G., V.P.H.); AstraZeneca, R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden (R.J.L., E.J.); AstraZeneca, R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, United Kingdom (R.J.L., A.S.W.); AstraZeneca, R&D Södertälje, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S); AstraZeneca, R&D Wilmington, Wilmington, Delaware (C.G.); AstraZeneca, R&D Lund, Lund, Sweden (E.J., G.H.); SP Process Development, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S.); and Applied Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (P.H.S.)
| | - Vinayak P Hosagrahara
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts (C.G., V.P.H.); AstraZeneca, R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden (R.J.L., E.J.); AstraZeneca, R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, United Kingdom (R.J.L., A.S.W.); AstraZeneca, R&D Södertälje, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S); AstraZeneca, R&D Wilmington, Wilmington, Delaware (C.G.); AstraZeneca, R&D Lund, Lund, Sweden (E.J., G.H.); SP Process Development, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S.); and Applied Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (P.H.S.)
| | - Eskil Johnsson
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts (C.G., V.P.H.); AstraZeneca, R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden (R.J.L., E.J.); AstraZeneca, R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, United Kingdom (R.J.L., A.S.W.); AstraZeneca, R&D Södertälje, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S); AstraZeneca, R&D Wilmington, Wilmington, Delaware (C.G.); AstraZeneca, R&D Lund, Lund, Sweden (E.J., G.H.); SP Process Development, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S.); and Applied Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (P.H.S.)
| | - Gösta Hallström
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts (C.G., V.P.H.); AstraZeneca, R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden (R.J.L., E.J.); AstraZeneca, R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, United Kingdom (R.J.L., A.S.W.); AstraZeneca, R&D Södertälje, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S); AstraZeneca, R&D Wilmington, Wilmington, Delaware (C.G.); AstraZeneca, R&D Lund, Lund, Sweden (E.J., G.H.); SP Process Development, Södertälje, Sweden (P.H.S.); and Applied Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (P.H.S.)
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18
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Giovannoni MP, Schepetkin IA, Crocetti L, Ciciani G, Cilibrizzi A, Guerrini G, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT, Vergelli C. Cinnoline derivatives as human neutrophil elastase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:628-39. [PMID: 26194018 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1057718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds that can effectively inhibit the proteolytic activity of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) represent promising therapeutics for treatment of inflammatory diseases. We present here the synthesis, structure-activity relationship analysis, and biological evaluation of a new series of HNE inhibitors with a cinnoline scaffold. These compounds exhibited HNE inhibitory activity but had lower potency compared to N-benzoylindazoles previously reported by us. On the other hand, they exhibited increased stability in aqueous solution. The most potent compound, 18a, had a good balance between HNE inhibitory activity (IC50 value = 56 nM) and chemical stability (t1/2 = 114 min). Analysis of reaction kinetics revealed that these cinnoline derivatives were reversible competitive inhibitors of HNE. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of the active products into the HNE binding site revealed two types of HNE inhibitors: molecules with cinnolin-4(1H)-one scaffold, which were attacked by the HNE Ser195 hydroxyl group at the amido moiety, and cinnoline derivatives containing an ester function at C-4, which is the point of attack of Ser195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Giovannoni
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- b Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Giovanna Ciciani
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- c Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , UK
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- d Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry , Tomsk Polytechnic University , Tomsk , Russia , and.,e Department of Chemistry , Altai State Technical University , Barnaul , Russia
| | - Mark T Quinn
- b Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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19
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von Nussbaum F, Li VMJ, Allerheiligen S, Anlauf S, Bärfacker L, Bechem M, Delbeck M, Fitzgerald MF, Gerisch M, Gielen-Haertwig H, Haning H, Karthaus D, Lang D, Lustig K, Meibom D, Mittendorf J, Rosentreter U, Schäfer M, Schäfer S, Schamberger J, Telan LA, Tersteegen A. Freezing the Bioactive Conformation to Boost Potency: The Identification of BAY 85-8501, a Selective and Potent Inhibitor of Human Neutrophil Elastase for Pulmonary Diseases. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1163-73. [PMID: 26083237 PMCID: PMC4515084 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a key protease for matrix degradation. High HNE activity is observed in inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, HNE is a potential target for the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bronchiectasis (BE), and pulmonary hypertension (PH). HNE inhibitors should reestablish the protease-anti-protease balance. By means of medicinal chemistry a novel dihydropyrimidinone lead-structure class was identified. Further chemical optimization yielded orally active compounds with favorable pharmacokinetics such as the chemical probe BAY-678. While maintaining outstanding target selectivity, picomolar potency was achieved by locking the bioactive conformation of these inhibitors with a strategically positioned methyl sulfone substituent. An induced-fit binding mode allowed tight interactions with the S2 and S1 pockets of HNE. BAY 85-8501 ((4S)-4-[4-cyano-2-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile) was shown to be efficacious in a rodent animal model related to ALI. BAY 85-8501 is currently being tested in clinical studies for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz von Nussbaum
- Medicinal Chemistry Berlin, Bayer HealthCare AG, 13353 Berlin (Germany).
| | - Volkhart M-J Li
- Lead Discovery Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany).
| | - Swen Allerheiligen
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Sonja Anlauf
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Lars Bärfacker
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Martin Bechem
- Department of Cardiology Research Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Martina Delbeck
- Department of Cardiology Research Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | | | - Michael Gerisch
- DMPK Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | | | - Helmut Haning
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Dagmar Karthaus
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Dieter Lang
- DMPK Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Klemens Lustig
- DMPK Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Daniel Meibom
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Joachim Mittendorf
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Ulrich Rosentreter
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Martina Schäfer
- Lead Discovery, Structural Biology Berlin, Bayer HealthCare AG, 13353 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Stefan Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology Research Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Jens Schamberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Leila A Telan
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
| | - Adrian Tersteegen
- Lead Discovery Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096 Wuppertal (Germany)
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Autoprocessing of neutrophil elastase near its active site reduces the efficiency of natural and synthetic elastase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6722. [PMID: 25857284 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between neutrophil-derived proteases and extracellular inhibitors is widely regarded as an important pathogenic mechanism for lung injury. Despite intense efforts over the last three decades, attempts to develop small-molecule inhibitors for neutrophil elastase have failed in the clinic. Here we discover an intrinsic self-cleaving property of mouse neutrophil elastase that interferes with the action of elastase inhibitors. We show that conversion of the single-chain (sc) into a two-chain (tc) neutrophil elastase by self-cleavage near its S1 pocket altered substrate activity and impaired both inhibition by endogenous α-1-antitrypsin and synthetic small molecules. Our data indicate that autoconversion of neutrophil elastase decreases the inhibitory efficacy of natural α-1-antitrypsin and small-molecule inhibitors, while retaining its pathological potential in an experimental mouse model. The so-far overlooked occurrence and properties of a naturally occurring tc-form of neutrophil elastase necessitates the redesign of small-molecule inhibitors that target the sc-form as well as the tc-form of neutrophil elastase.
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21
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Abdel-Magid AF. Neutrophil elastase inhibitors as potential anti-inflammatory therapies. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1182-3. [PMID: 25408826 DOI: 10.1021/ml500346u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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22
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Lucas SD, Gonçalves LM, Carvalho LAR, Correia HF, Da Costa EMR, Guedes RA, Moreira R, Guedes RC. Optimization of O3-Acyl Kojic Acid Derivatives as Potent and Selective Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9802-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4011725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana D. Lucas
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lídia M. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís A. R. Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique F. Correia
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M. R. Da Costa
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Romina A. Guedes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Crocetti L, Schepetkin IA, Cilibrizzi A, Graziano A, Vergelli C, Giomi D, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT, Giovannoni MP. Optimization of N-benzoylindazole derivatives as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6259-72. [PMID: 23844670 DOI: 10.1021/jm400742j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is an important therapeutic target for treatment of pulmonary diseases. Previously, we identified novel N-benzoylindazole derivatives as potent, competitive, and pseudoirreversible HNE inhibitors. Here, we report further development of these inhibitors with improved potency, protease selectivity, and stability compared to our previous leads. Introduction of a variety of substituents at position 5 of the indazole resulted in the potent inhibitor 20f (IC50 ∼10 nM) and modifications at position 3 resulted the most potent compound in this series, the 3-CN derivative 5b (IC50 = 7 nM); both derivatives demonstrated good stability and specificity for HNE versus other serine proteases. Molecular docking of selected N-benzoylindazoles into the HNE binding domain suggested that inhibitory activity depended on geometry of the ligand-enzyme complexes. Indeed, the ability of a ligand to form a Michaelis complex and favorable conditions for proton transfer between Hys57, Asp102, and Ser195 both affected activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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24
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Aptamer-capture based assays for human neutrophil elastase. Talanta 2012; 106:315-20. [PMID: 23598134 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a multifunctional serine protease, involved in infection defense, inflammatory process regulation, and physiopathological processes of several diseases. We developed aptamer-capture based assays for human neutrophil elastase with different substrates and solid supports to meet different demands, such as simplicity, sensitivity, and high throughput. Aptamers against HNE were immobilized on magnetic beads or microplates as affinity ligands to capture HNE, and then the enriched HNE catalyzed the conversion of chromogenic substrates or fluorogenic substrates to products. The measurement of the generated enzymatic products enabled the final detection of HNE. In the assay using chromogenic substrates and aptamer modified magnetic beads, 0.4 pM HNE could be successfully detected. The sensitivity of the assay was further improved by using fluorogenic substrates, and a detection limit of HNE at 20 fM was achieved. The use of aptamer-coated microplates instead of aptamer modified magnetic beads in the assays also allowed the sensitive detection of HNE, offering advantages in fast sample handling and measurement. The established assays for HNE displayed good specificity, and proteins including serum albumin, transferrin, immunoglobulin G, thrombin, porcine pancreatic elastase, trypsin, proteinase K, chymotrypsin, lysozyme, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 did not cause interference in the detection of HNE.
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