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Neves Rebello Alves L, Dummer Meira D, Poppe Merigueti L, Correia Casotti M, do Prado Ventorim D, Ferreira Figueiredo Almeida J, Pereira de Sousa V, Cindra Sant'Ana M, Gonçalves Coutinho da Cruz R, Santos Louro L, Mendonça Santana G, Erik Santos Louro T, Evangelista Salazar R, Ribeiro Campos da Silva D, Stefani Siqueira Zetum A, Silva Dos Reis Trabach R, Imbroisi Valle Errera F, de Paula F, de Vargas Wolfgramm Dos Santos E, Fagundes de Carvalho E, Drumond Louro I. Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: An Old Story with a New End. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1364. [PMID: 37510269 PMCID: PMC10378988 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer in the world. It is a heterogeneous disease and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Advances in molecular technologies allowed for the identification of new and more specifics biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and risk prediction, enabling personalized treatments, improving therapy, and preventing overtreatment, undertreatment, and incorrect treatment. Several breast cancer biomarkers have been identified and, along with traditional biomarkers, they can assist physicians throughout treatment plan and increase therapy success. Despite the need of more data to improve specificity and determine the real clinical utility of some biomarkers, others are already established and can be used as a guide to make treatment decisions. In this review, we summarize the available traditional, novel, and potential biomarkers while also including gene expression profiles, breast cancer single-cell and polyploid giant cancer cells. We hope to help physicians understand tumor specific characteristics and support decision-making in patient-personalized clinical management, consequently improving treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvia Neves Rebello Alves
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Débora Dummer Meira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Luiza Poppe Merigueti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus Correia Casotti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Diego do Prado Ventorim
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo (Ifes), Cariacica 29150-410, ES, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Ferreira Figueiredo Almeida
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Valdemir Pereira de Sousa
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Marllon Cindra Sant'Ana
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Rahna Gonçalves Coutinho da Cruz
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Luana Santos Louro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, ES, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Mendonça Santana
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, ES, Brazil
| | - Thomas Erik Santos Louro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória 29027-502, ES, Brazil
| | - Rhana Evangelista Salazar
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ribeiro Campos da Silva
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Aléxia Stefani Siqueira Zetum
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva Dos Reis Trabach
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Flávia Imbroisi Valle Errera
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Paula
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Eldamária de Vargas Wolfgramm Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Elizeu Fagundes de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iúri Drumond Louro
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
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Qian Y, Itzel T, Ebert M, Teufel A. Deep View of HCC Gene Expression Signatures and Their Comparison with Other Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174322. [PMID: 36077860 PMCID: PMC9454845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression signatures correlate genetic alterations with specific clinical features, providing the potential for clinical usage. A plethora of HCC-dependent gene signatures have been developed in the last two decades. However, none of them has made its way into clinical practice. Thus, we investigated the specificity of public gene signatures to HCC by establishing a comparative transcriptomic analysis, as this may be essential for clinical applications. METHODS We collected 10 public HCC gene signatures and evaluated them by utilizing four different (commercial and non-commercial) gene expression profile comparison tools: Oncomine Premium, SigCom LINCS, ProfileChaser (modified version), and GENEVA, which can assign similar pre-analyzed profiles of patients with tumors or cancer cell lines to our gene signatures of interests. Among the query results of each tool, different cancer entities were screened. In addition, seven breast and colorectal cancer gene signatures were included in order to further challenge tumor specificity of gene expression signatures. RESULTS Although the specificity of the evaluated HCC gene signatures varied considerably, none of the gene signatures showed strict specificity to HCC. All gene signatures exhibited potential significant specificity to other cancers, particularly for colorectal and breast cancer. Since signature specificity proved challenging, we furthermore investigated common core genes and overlapping enriched pathways among all gene signatures, which, however, showed no or only very little overlap, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that specificity, independent validation, and clinical use of HCC genetic signatures solely relying on gene expression remains challenging. Furthermore, our work made clear that standards in signature generation and statistical methods but potentially also in tissue preparation are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Qian
- Division of Hepatology, Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Itzel
- Division of Hepatology, Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Division of Hepatology, Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)621-383-4983; Fax: +49-(0)621-383-1467
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Sarhangi N, Hajjari S, Heydari SF, Ganjizadeh M, Rouhollah F, Hasanzad M. Breast cancer in the era of precision medicine. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10023-10037. [PMID: 35733061 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disorder with different molecular subtypes and biological characteristics for which there are diverse therapeutic approaches and clinical outcomes specific to any molecular subtype. It is a global health concern due to a lack of efficient therapy regimens that might be used for all disease subtypes. Therefore, treatment customization for each patient depending on molecular characteristics should be considered. Precision medicine for breast cancer is an approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease that takes into consideration the patient's genetic makeup. Precision medicine provides the promise of highly individualized treatment, in which each individual breast cancer patient receives the most appropriate diagnostics and targeted therapies based on the genetic profile of cancer. The knowledge about the molecular features and development of breast cancer treatment approaches has increased, which led to the development of new targeted therapeutics. Tumor genomic profiling is the standard of care for breast cancer that could contribute to taking steps to better management of malignancies. It holds great promise for accurate prognostication, prediction of response to common systemic therapies, and individualized monitoring of the disease. The emergence of targeted treatment has significantly enhanced the survival of patients with breast cancer and contributed to reducing the economic costs of the health system. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic approaches associated with the molecular classification of breast cancer to help the best treatment selection specific to the target patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sarhangi
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Hajjari
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Fatemeh Heydari
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ganjizadeh
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Haynes BP, Schuster G, Buus R, Alataki A, Ginsburg O, Quang LH, Han PT, Khoa PH, Van Dinh N, Van To T, Clemons M, Holcombe C, Osborne C, Evans A, Skene A, Sibbering M, Rogers C, Laws S, Noor L, Cheang MCU, Cleator SJ, Smith IE, Dowsett M. Impact of the menstrual cycle on commercial prognostic gene signatures in oestrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 190:295-305. [PMID: 34524591 PMCID: PMC8558287 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Changes occur in the expression of oestrogen-regulated and proliferation-associated genes in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumours during the menstrual cycle. We investigated if Oncotype® DX recurrence score (RS), Prosigna® (ROR) and EndoPredict® (EP/EPclin) prognostic tests, which include some of these genes, vary according to the time in the menstrual cycle when they are measured. METHODS Pairs of test scores were derived from 30 ER-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative tumours sampled at two different points of the menstrual cycle. Menstrual cycle windows were prospectively defined as either W1 (days 1-6 and 27-35; low oestrogen and low progesterone) or W2 (days 7-26; high oestrogen and high or low progesterone). RESULTS The invasion module score of RS was lower (- 10.9%; p = 0.098), whereas the ER (+ 16.6%; p = 0.046) and proliferation (+ 7.3%; p = 0.13) module scores were higher in W2. PGR expression was significantly increased in W2 (+ 81.4%; p = 0.0029). Despite this, mean scores were not significantly different between W1 and W2 for any of the tests and the two measurements showed high correlation (r = 0.72-0.93). However, variability between the two measurements led to tumours being assigned to different risk categories in the following proportion of cases: RS 22.7%, ROR 27.3%, EP 13.6% and EPclin 13.6%. CONCLUSION There are significant changes during the menstrual cycle in the expression of some of the genes and gene module scores comprising the RS, ROR and EP/EPclin scores. These did not affect any of the prognostic scores in a systematic fashion, but there was substantial variability in paired measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Haynes
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Gene Schuster
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Richard Buus
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Anastasia Alataki
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ophira Ginsburg
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Population Health, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Le Hong Quang
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Han
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hong Khoa
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Dinh
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ta Van To
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mark Clemons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chris Holcombe
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescott Street, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Anthony Skene
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Castle Lane East, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Clare Rogers
- Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Armthorpe Road, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Siobhan Laws
- Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, Hampshire, UK
| | - Lubna Noor
- University Hospital North Tees, Hardwick Road, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | | | - Susan J Cleator
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian E Smith
- The Breast Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
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Martínez-Pérez C, Leung J, Kay C, Meehan J, Gray M, Dixon JM, Turnbull AK. The Signal Transducer IL6ST (gp130) as a Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:618. [PMID: 34210062 PMCID: PMC8304290 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel biomarkers are needed to continue to improve breast cancer clinical management and outcome. IL6-like cytokines, whose pleiotropic functions include roles in many hallmarks of malignancy, rely on the signal transducer IL6ST (gp130) for all their signalling. To date, 10 separate independent studies based on the analysis of clinical breast cancer samples have identified IL6ST as a predictor. Consistent findings suggest that IL6ST is a positive prognostic factor and is associated with ER status. Interestingly, these studies include 4 multigene signatures (EndoPredict, EER4, IRSN-23 and 42GC) that incorporate IL6ST to predict risk of recurrence or outcome from endocrine or chemotherapy. Here we review the existing evidence on the promising predictive and prognostic value of IL6ST. We also discuss how this potential could be further translated into clinical practice beyond the EndoPredict tool, which is already available in the clinic. The most promising route to further exploit IL6ST's promising predicting power will likely be through additional hybrid multifactor signatures that allow for more robust stratification of ER+ breast tumours into discrete groups with distinct outcomes, thus enabling greater refinement of the treatment-selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.L.); (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Jess Leung
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.L.); (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Charlene Kay
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.L.); (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - James Meehan
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mark Gray
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - J Michael Dixon
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.L.); (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Arran K Turnbull
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.L.); (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
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Prognostic Cancer Gene Expression Signatures: Current Status and Challenges. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030648. [PMID: 33804045 PMCID: PMC8000474 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current staging systems of cancer are mainly based on the anatomical extent of disease. They need refinement by biological parameters to improve stratification of patients for tumor therapy or surveillance strategies. Thanks to developments in genomic, transcriptomic, and big-data technologies, we are now able to explore molecular characteristics of tumors in detail and determine their clinical relevance. This has led to numerous prognostic and predictive gene expression signatures that have the potential to establish a classification of tumor subgroups by biological determinants. However, only a few gene signatures have reached the stage of clinical implementation so far. In this review article, we summarize the current status, and present and future challenges of prognostic gene signatures in three relevant cancer entities: breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Bou Zerdan M, Ibrahim M, El Nakib C, Hajjar R, Assi HI. Genomic Assays in Node Positive Breast Cancer Patients: A Review. Front Oncol 2021; 10:609100. [PMID: 33665165 PMCID: PMC7921691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.609100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, developments in breast cancer have allowed yet another realization of individualized medicine in the field of oncology. One of these advances is genomic assays, which are considered elements of standard clinical practice in the management of breast cancer. These assays are widely used today not only to measure recurrence risk in breast cancer patients at an early stage but also to tailor treatment as well and minimize avoidable treatment side effects. At present, genomic tests are applied extensively in node negative disease. In this article, we review the use of these tests in node positive disease, explore their ramifications on neoadjuvant chemotherapy decisions, highlight sufficiently powered recent studies emphasizing their use and review the most recent guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maryam Ibrahim
- Division of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Clara El Nakib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Hajjar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hazem I. Assi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Barba D, León-Sosa A, Lugo P, Suquillo D, Torres F, Surre F, Trojman L, Caicedo A. Breast cancer, screening and diagnostic tools: All you need to know. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103174. [PMID: 33249359 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among women worldwide. Methods for screening and diagnosis allow health care professionals to provide personalized treatments that improve the outcome and survival. Scientists and physicians are working side-by-side to develop evidence-based guidelines and equipment to detect cancer earlier. However, the lack of comprehensive interdisciplinary information and understanding between biomedical, medical, and technology professionals makes innovation of new screening and diagnosis tools difficult. This critical review gathers, for the first time, information concerning normal breast and cancer biology, established and emerging methods for screening and diagnosis, staging and grading, molecular and genetic biomarkers. Our purpose is to address key interdisciplinary information about these methods for physicians and scientists. Only the multidisciplinary interaction and communication between scientists, health care professionals, technical experts and patients will lead to the development of better detection tools and methods for an improved screening and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Barba
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ariana León-Sosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Lugo
- Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador; Fundación Ayuda Familiar y Comunitaria AFAC, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Suquillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Ingeniería en Procesos Biotecnológicos, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Torres
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Frederic Surre
- University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Trojman
- LISITE, Isep, 75006, Paris, France; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías Politécnico - USFQ, Instituto de Micro y Nanoelectrónica, IMNE, USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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Soliman H, Flake DD, Magliocco A, Robson M, Schwartzberg L, Sharma P, Brown K, Wehnelt S, Kronenwett R, Gutin A, Lancaster J, Cuzick J, Gradishar W. Predicting Expected Absolute Chemotherapy Treatment Benefit in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Using EndoPredict, an Integrated 12-Gene Clinicomolecular Assay. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:PO.18.00361. [PMID: 32914026 PMCID: PMC7446472 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown EndoPredict (EPclin), a test that integrates 12-gene expression data with nodal status and tumor size, to be predictive for risk of distant recurrence in women with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative early-stage breast cancer. Here, we modeled expected absolute chemotherapy benefit on the basis of EPclin test results. METHODS The effect of chemotherapy was modeled using previously validated 10-year risk of distant recurrence as a function of EPclin score for patients treated without chemotherapy. Average relative chemotherapy benefit to reduce breast cancer distant recurrence was evaluated using a published meta-analysis from the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Absolute chemotherapy benefit differences were estimated across a range of interaction strengths between relative chemotherapy benefit and EPclin score. The average absolute benefit was calculated for patients with high and low EPclin scores using the distribution of scores in 2,185 samples tested by Myriad Genetics. RESULTS The average expected absolute benefit of chemotherapy treatment for patients with a low EPclin score was 1.8% in the absence of interaction and 1.5% for maximal interaction. Conversely, the expected average absolute chemotherapy benefit for patients with a high EPclin score was 5.3% and 7.3% for no interaction and maximal interaction, respectively. CONCLUSION For women with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative early-stage breast cancer, a high EPclin score identified which patients would benefit most from adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of absolute reduction of distant recurrence, regardless of the amount of interaction between EPclin and relative chemotherapy benefit. A high degree of prognostic discrimination for distant recurrence is more important for identifying patients likely to benefit most from chemotherapy than an interaction between EPclin and treatment-relative benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Robson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jack Cuzick
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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