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Namdari H, Rezaei F, Heidarnejad F, Yaghoubzad-Maleki M, Karamigolbaghi M. Immunoinformatics Approach to Design a Chimeric CD70-Peptide Vaccine against Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:2875635. [PMID: 38314087 PMCID: PMC10838208 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2875635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Overexpression of CD70 has been linked to advanced stages of RCC. Therefore, this study aims to develop a multiepitope vaccine targeting the overexpressed CD70 using immunoinformatics techniques. In this investigation, in silico multiepitope vaccines were constructed by linking specific CD70 protein epitopes for helper T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes. To enhance immunogenicity, sequences of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), penetratin (pAntp), along with the entire sequence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were attached to the N-terminal and C-terminal of the CD70 epitopes. Computational assessments were performed on these chimeric vaccines for antigenicity, allergenicity, peptide toxicity, population coverage, and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, refined 3D constructs were subjected to a range of analyses, encompassing structural B-cell epitope prediction and molecular docking. The chosen vaccine construct underwent diverse assessments such as molecular dynamics simulation, immune response simulation, and in silico cloning. All vaccines comprised antigenic, nontoxic, and nonallergenic epitopes, ensuring extensive global population coverage. The vaccine constructs demonstrated favorable physicochemical characteristics. The binding affinity of chimeric vaccines to the TNF receptor remained relatively stable, influenced by the alignment of vaccine components. Molecular docking and dynamics analyses predicted stable interactions between CD70-CPP-TNF and the TNF receptor, indicating potential efficacy. In silico codon optimization and cloning of the vaccine nucleic acid sequence were accomplished using the pET28a plasmid. Furthermore, this vaccine displayed the capacity to modulate humoral and cellular immune responses. Overall, the results suggest therapeutic potential for the chimeric CD70-CPP-TNF vaccine against RCC. However, validation through in vitro and in vivo experiments is necessary. This trial is registered with NCT04696731 and NCT04046445.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haideh Namdari
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidarnejad
- Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yaghoubzad-Maleki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Karamigolbaghi
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Saad E, Saliby RM, Labaki C, Xu W, Viswanathan SR, Braun DA, Bakouny Z. Novel Immune Therapies for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Looking Beyond the Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Axes. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1027-1040. [PMID: 37391289 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment for patients with advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Nevertheless, many patients do not benefit or eventually relapse, highlighting the need for novel immune targets to overcome primary and acquired resistance. This review discusses 2 strategies currently being investigated: disabling inhibitory stimuli that maintain immunosuppression ("brakes") and priming the immune system to target tumoral cells ("gas pedals"). We explore each class of novel immunotherapy, including the rationale behind it, supporting preclinical and clinical evidence, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Saad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Renée Maria Saliby
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chris Labaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Srinivas R Viswanathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Braun
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 6400, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Ziad Bakouny
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Schindler NR, Braun DA. Antigenic targets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2023; 7:81-91. [PMID: 38014393 PMCID: PMC10475986 DOI: 10.3233/kca-230006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but most patients still do not receive a long-term benefit from these therapies, and many experience off-target, immune-related adverse effects. RCC is also different from many other ICI-responsive tumors, as it has only a modest mutation burden, and total neoantigen load does not correlate with ICI response. In order to improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for RCC, it is therefore critical to identify the antigens that are targeted in effective anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we describe the potential classes of target antigens, and provide examples of previous and ongoing efforts to investigate and target antigens in RCC, with a focus on clear cell histology. Ultimately, we believe that a concerted antigen discovery effort in RCC will enable an improved understanding of response and resistance to current therapies, and lay a foundation for the future development of "precision" antigen-directed immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Schindler
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A. Braun
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Hongo F, Ueda T, Takaha N, Tamada S, Nakatani T, Miki T, Ukimura O. Phase I/II study of multipeptide cancer vaccine IMA901 after single-dose cyclophosphamide in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell cancer with long-term follow up. Int J Urol 2023; 30:176-180. [PMID: 36305687 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IMA901 is the first therapeutic vaccine for renal cell cancer (RCC). It contains multiple tumor-associated peptides (TUMAPs) that are naturally present in human cancers. METHODS In a phase I/II study, we treated a total of 10 Japanese patients with advanced RCC who were human leukocyte antigen A (HLA-A)*02 +. Vaccination involved i.d. injection of GM-CSF (75 μg), followed within 15-30 min by i.d. injection of IMA901 (containing 413 μg of each peptide). No treatment with either anticancer agents or immunosuppressants was allowed within 4 weeks before entering the trial. Patients were scheduled to receive 7 vaccinations during the first 5 weeks of treatment (induction period), followed by 10 further vaccinations at 3-week intervals for up to 30 weeks (maintenance period). The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, while the secondary endpoints were PFS, OS, and immunogenicity. RESULTS There were no treatment-related serious adverse events or deaths during the study period. When the response was assessed after 4 months, 10% of patients showed a partial response, 80% had stable disease, and 10% had progressive disease. Among patients in whom the T-cell response was analyzed, five patients showed a vaccine-induced T-cell response against at least one HLA class I-restricted TUMAP and two patients had T-cell responses to multiple TUMAPs. PFS was 5.5 months and OS was 18 months. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the safety and tolerability of IMA901 vaccine in Japanese RCC patients, and also showed that vaccination elicited an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Natsuki Takaha
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamada
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tsuneharu Miki
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Hu J, Mo Z. Dissection of tumor antigens and immune landscape in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Preconditions for development and precision medicine of mRNA vaccine. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:2157-2182. [PMID: 36899527 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that mRNA-type cancer vaccines could be exploited as cancer immunotherapies in various solid tumors. However, the use of mRNA-type cancer vaccines in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify potential tumor antigens for the development of an anti-ccRCC mRNA vaccine. In addition, this study aimed to determine immune subtypes of ccRCC to guide the selection of patients to receive the vaccine. Raw sequencing and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Further, the cBioPortal website was used to visualize and compare genetic alterations. GEPIA2 was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of preliminary tumor antigens. Moreover, the TIMER web server was used to evaluate correlations between the expression of specific antigens and the abundance of infiltrated antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Single-cell RNA sequencing data of ccRCC was used to explore the expression of potential tumor antigens at single-cell resolution. The immune subtypes of patients were analyzed by the consensus clustering algorithm. Furthermore, the clinical and molecular discrepancies were further explored for a deep understanding of the immune subtypes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the genes according to the immune subtypes. Finally, the sensitivity of drugs commonly used in ccRCC with diverse immune subtypes was investigated. The results revealed that the tumor antigen, LRP2, was associated with a good prognosis and enhanced the infiltration of APCs. ccRCC could be divided into two immune subtypes (IS1 and IS2) with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. The IS1 group showed a poorer overall survival with an immune-suppressive phenotype than the IS2 group. Additionally, a large spectrum of differences in the expression of immune checkpoints and immunogenic cell death modulators were observed between the two subtypes. Lastly, the genes correlated with the immune subtypes were involved in multiple immune-related processes. Therefore, LRP2 is a potential tumor antigen that could be used to develop an mRNA-type cancer vaccine in ccRCC. Furthermore, patients in the IS2 group were more suitable for vaccination than those in the IS1 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpei Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
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Jahangir M, Yazdani O, Kahrizi MS, Soltanzadeh S, Javididashtbayaz H, Mivefroshan A, Ilkhani S, Esbati R. Clinical potential of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a rapidly evolving strategy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:401. [PMID: 36510217 PMCID: PMC9743549 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade therapy has become a game-changing therapeutic approach revolutionizing the treatment setting of human malignancies, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite the remarkable clinical activity of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, only a small portion of patients exhibit a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might ultimately favor cancer development in patients with clinical responses. In light of this, recent reports have signified that the addition of other therapeutic modalities to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy might improve clinical responses in advanced RCC patients. Until, combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy plus cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor (ipilimumab) or various vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) inhibitors axitinib, such as axitinib and cabozantinib, has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as first-line treatment for metastatic RCC. In the present review, we have focused on the therapeutic benefits of the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy as a single agent or in combination with other conventional or innovative targeted therapies in RCC patients. We also offer a glimpse into the well-determined prognostic factor associated with the clinical response of RCC patients to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadsaleh Jahangir
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Yazdani
- grid.411600.2School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Kahrizi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Surgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz Iran
| | - Sara Soltanzadeh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Javididashtbayaz
- grid.411768.d0000 0004 1756 1744Baran Oncology Clinic, Medical Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azam Mivefroshan
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Adult Nephrology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saba Ilkhani
- grid.411600.2Department of Surgery and Vascular Surgery, Shohada-ye-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Esbati
- grid.411600.2School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Symonds P, Marcu A, Cook KW, Metheringham RL, Durrant LG, Brentville VA. Citrullinated Epitopes Identified on Tumour MHC Class II by Peptide Elution Stimulate Both Regulatory and Th1 Responses and Require Careful Selection for Optimal Anti-Tumour Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:764462. [PMID: 34858415 PMCID: PMC8630742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic mutations or post-translational modifications of proteins result in changes that enable immune recognition. One such post-translational modification is citrullination, the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline. Citrullinated peptides are presented on MHC class II (MHCII) via autophagy which is upregulated by cellular stresses such as tumourigenesis. Methods Peptides were eluted from B16 melanoma expressing HLA-DP4 and analysed by mass spectrometry to profile the presented citrullinated repertoire. Initially, seven of the identified citrullinated peptides were used in combination to vaccinate HLA-DP4 transgenic mice. Immune responses were characterised from the combination and individual vaccines by ex vivo cytokine ELISpot assay and assessed for tumour therapy. Results The combination vaccine induced only weak anti-tumour therapy in the B16cDP4 melanoma model. Immune phenotyping revealed a dominant IFNγ response to citrullinated matrix metalloproteinase-21 peptide (citMMP21) and an IL-10 response to cytochrome p450 peptide (citCp450). Exclusion of the IL-10 inducing citCp450 peptide from the combined vaccine failed to recover a strong anti-tumour response. Single peptide immunisation confirmed the IFNγ response from citMMP21 and the IL-10 response from citCp450 but also showed that citrullinated Glutamate receptor ionotropic (citGRI) peptide stimulated a low avidity IFNγ response. Interestingly, both citMMP21 and citGRI peptides individually, stimulated strong anti-tumour responses that were significantly better than the combined vaccine. In line with the citGRI T cell avidity, it required high dose immunisation to induce an anti-tumour response. This suggests that as the peptides within the combined vaccine had similar binding affinities to MHC-II the combination vaccine may have resulted in lower presentation of each epitope and weak anti-tumour immunity. Conclusion We demonstrate that tumours present citrullinated peptides that can stimulate Th1 and regulatory responses and that competition likely exists between similar affinity peptides. Characterisation of responses from epitopes identified by peptide elution are necessary to optimise selection for tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Symonds
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Marcu
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katherine W Cook
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael L Metheringham
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Biodiscovery Institute, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria A Brentville
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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In Silico Model Estimates the Clinical Trial Outcome of Cancer Vaccines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113048. [PMID: 34831269 PMCID: PMC8616443 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 30 years after the first cancer vaccine clinical trial (CT), scientists still search the missing link between immunogenicity and clinical responses. A predictor able to estimate the outcome of cancer vaccine CTs would greatly benefit vaccine development. Published results of 94 CTs with 64 therapeutic vaccines were collected. We found that preselection of CT subjects based on a single matching HLA allele does not increase immune response rates (IRR) compared with non-preselected CTs (median 60% vs. 57%, p = 0.4490). A representative in silico model population (MP) comprising HLA-genotyped subjects was used to retrospectively calculate in silico IRRs of CTs based on the percentage of MP-subjects having epitope(s) predicted to bind ≥ 1–4 autologous HLA allele(s). We found that in vitro measured IRRs correlated with the frequency of predicted multiple autologous allele-binding epitopes (AUC 0.63–0.79). Subgroup analysis of multi-antigen targeting vaccine CTs revealed correlation between clinical response rates (CRRs) and predicted multi-epitope IRRs when HLA threshold was ≥ 3 (r = 0.7463, p = 0.0004) but not for single HLA allele-binding epitopes (r = 0.2865, p = 0.2491). Our results suggest that CRR depends on the induction of broad T-cell responses and both IRR and CRR can be predicted when epitopes binding to multiple autologous HLAs are considered.
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Zhao J, Du G, Sun X. Tumor Antigen-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2099-2113. [PMID: 34906272 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As an important means of tumor immunotherapy, tumor vaccines have achieved exciting results in the past few decades. However, there are still many obstacles that hinder tumor vaccines from achieving maximum efficacy, including lack of tumor antigens, low antigen immunogenicity and poor delivery efficiency. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed and investigated various new types of tumor antigens with higher antigenic specificity and broader antigen spectrum, such as tumor-specific peptide antigens, tumor lysates, tumor cell membrane, tumor associated exosomes, etc. At the same time, different nanoparticulate delivery platforms have been developed to increase the immunogenicity of the tumor antigens, for example by increasing their targeting efficiency of antigen-presenting cells and lymph nodes, and by co-delivering antigens with adjuvants. In this review, we summarized different types of the tumor antigens that have been reported, and introduced several nanovaccine strategies for increasing the immunogenicity of tumor antigens. The review of recent progress in these fields may provide reference for the follow-up studies of tumor antigen-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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10
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Yu J, Wang S, Qi J, Yu Z, Xian Y, Liu W, Wang X, Liu C, Wei M. Mannose-modified liposome designed for epitope peptide drug delivery in cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108148. [PMID: 34653955 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the interaction between cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) dominant epitopes and dendritic cells (DCs), CD8+T cells are specifically activated into CTL cells. Targeted killing is a type of tumor vaccine for immunotherapy with great development potential. However, because of the disadvantages of poor stability in vivo and low uptake rate of DCs caused by single use of dominant epitope peptide drugs, its use is limited. Here, we investigated the antitumor potential of M-YL/LA-Lipo, a novel liposome drug delivery system. METHODS We assembled mannose on the surface of liposome, which has a highly targeted effect on the mannose receptor on the surface of DCs. The dominant epitope peptide drugs were encapsulated into the liposome using membrane hydration method, and the encapsulation rate, release rate, in vitro stability, and microstructure were characterized using ultrafiltration method, dialysis method, and negative staining transmission electron microscopy. In addition, its targeting ability was verified by in vitro interaction with DCs, and its anticancer effect was verified by animal experiments. RESULTS We have successfully prepared a liposome drug delivery system with stable physical and chemical properties. Moreover, we demonstrated that it was highly uptaken by DCs and promoted DC maturation in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo animal experiments indicated that M-YL/LA-Lipo specific CTL significantly inhibited the hematogenous spread of lung metastasis of triple negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS we successfully constructed a new polypeptide liposome drug delivery system by avoiding the disadvantages of single use of dominant epitope peptide drugs and accurate targeted therapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yunkai Xian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wensi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology R&D Center Co, Ltd., Shenyang 110167, China; Shenyang Kangwei Medical Analysis Laboratory Co, Ltd., Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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11
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Han N, Jiang J, Xu Y, Ma D, Lu L, Guo X, Qiu M, Huang Q, Wang H, Mo F, Chen S, Yang L. A Neoantigen-Based Peptide Vaccine for Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Refractory to Standard Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691605. [PMID: 34484187 PMCID: PMC8414362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoantigens are critical targets to elicit robust antitumor T-cell responses. Personalized cancer vaccines developed based on neoantigens have shown promising results by prolonging cancer patients' overall survival (OS) for several cancer types. However, the safety and efficacy of these vaccine modalities remains unclear in pancreatic cancer patients. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 7 advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Up to 20 neoantigen peptides per patient identified by our in-house pipeline iNeo-Suite were selected, manufactured and administered to these patients with low tumor mutation burden (TMB) (less than 10 mutations/Mb). Each patient received multiple doses of vaccine depending on the progression of the disease. Peripheral blood samples of each patient were collected pre- and post-vaccination for the analysis of the immunogenicity of iNeo-Vac-P01 through ELISpot assay and flow cytometry. Results No severe vaccine-related adverse effects were witnessed in patients enrolled in this study. The mean OS, OS associated with vaccine treatment and progression free survival (PFS) were reported to be 24.1, 8.3 and 3.1 months, respectively. Higher peripheral IFN-γ titer and CD4+ or CD8+ effector memory T cells count post vaccination were found in patients with relatively long overall survival. Remarkably, for patient P01 who had a 21-month OS associated with vaccine treatment, the abundance of antigen-specific TCR clone drastically increased from 0% to nearly 100%, indicating the potential of iNeo-Vac-P01 in inducing the activation of a specific subset of T cells to kill cancer cells. Conclusions Neoantigen identification and selection were successfully applied to advanced pancreatic cancer patients with low TMB. As one of the earliest studies that addressed an issue in treating pancreatic cancer with personalized vaccines, it has been demonstrated that iNeo-Vac-P01, a personalized neoantigen-based peptide vaccine, could improve the currently limited clinical efficacy of pancreatic cancer. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT03645148).Registered August 24, 2018 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheling Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Han
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Jiang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongying Ma
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Lantian Lu
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Guo
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinxue Huang
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Mo
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Hangzhou AI-Force Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Braun DA, Bakouny Z, Hirsch L, Flippot R, Van Allen EM, Wu CJ, Choueiri TK. Beyond conventional immune-checkpoint inhibition - novel immunotherapies for renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:199-214. [PMID: 33437048 PMCID: PMC8317018 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The management of advanced-stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been transformed by the development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nonetheless, most patients do not derive durable clinical benefit from these agents. Importantly, unlike other immunotherapy-responsive solid tumours, most RCCs have only a moderate mutational burden, and paradoxically, high levels of tumour CD8+ T cell infiltration are associated with a worse prognosis in patients with this disease. Building on the successes of antibodies targeting the PD-1 and CTLA4 immune checkpoints, multiple innovative immunotherapies are now in clinical development for the treatment of patients with RCC, including ICIs with novel targets, co-stimulatory pathway agonists, modified cytokines, metabolic pathway modulators, cell therapies and therapeutic vaccines. However, the successful development of such novel immune-based treatments and of immunotherapy-based combinations will require a disease-specific framework that incorporates a deep understanding of RCC immunobiology. In this Review, using the structure provided by the well-described cancer-immunity cycle, we outline the key steps required for a successful antitumour immune response in the context of RCC, and describe the development of promising new immunotherapies within the context of this framework. With this approach, we summarize and analyse the most encouraging targets of novel immune-based therapies within the RCC microenvironment, and review the landscape of emerging antigen-directed therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Braun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ziad Bakouny
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laure Hirsch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Ronan Flippot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Xu Y, Miller CP, Warren EH, Tykodi SS. Current status of antigen-specific T-cell immunotherapy for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1882-1896. [PMID: 33667140 PMCID: PMC8189101 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1870846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In renal-cell carcinoma (RCC), tumor-reactive T-cell responses can occur spontaneously or in response to systemic immunotherapy with cytokines and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer vaccines and engineered T-cell therapies are designed to selectively augment tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses with the goal to elicit tumor regression and avoid toxicities associated with nonspecific immunotherapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the central role of T-cell immunity in the treatment of advanced RCC. Clinical outcomes for antigen-targeted vaccines or other T-cell-engaging therapies for RCC are summarized and evaluated, and emerging new strategies to enhance the effectiveness of antigen-specific therapy for RCC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Xu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris P Miller
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edus H Warren
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott S Tykodi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Abstract
The rapid development of nanobiotechnology has enabled progress in therapeutic cancer vaccines. These vaccines stimulate the host innate immune response by tumor antigens followed by a cascading adaptive response against cancer. However, an improved antitumor immune response is still in high demand because of the unsatisfactory clinical performance of the vaccine in tumor inhibition and regression. To date, a complicated tumor immunosuppressive environment and suboptimal design are the main obstacles for therapeutic cancer vaccines. The optimization of tumor antigens, vaccine delivery pathways, and proper adjuvants for innate immune response initiation, along with reprogramming of the tumor immunosuppressive environment, is essential for therapeutic cancer vaccines in triggering an adequate antitumor immune response. In this review, we aim to review the challenges in and strategies for enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines. We start with the summary of the available tumor antigens and their properties and then the optimal strategies for vaccine delivery. Subsequently, the vaccine adjuvants focused on the intrinsic adjuvant properties of nanostructures are further discussed. Finally, we summarize the combination strategies with therapeutic cancer vaccines and discuss their positive impact in cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 1001190, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Muhetaerjiang Mamuti
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 1001190, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 1001190, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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15
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Fang Y, Mo F, Shou J, Wang H, Luo K, Zhang S, Han N, Li H, Ye S, Zhou Z, Chen R, Chen L, Liu L, Wang H, Pan H, Chen S. A Pan-cancer Clinical Study of Personalized Neoantigen Vaccine Monotherapy in Treating Patients with Various Types of Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4511-4520. [PMID: 32439700 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because of their high tumor specificity and immunogenicity, neoantigens have been considered as ultimate targets for cancer immunotherapy. Neoantigen-based vaccines have demonstrated promising efficacy for several cancer types. To further investigate the antitumor potentials for other types of solid tumors, we designed a peptide-based neoantigen vaccine, iNeo-Vac-P01, and conducted a single-arm, open-labeled, investigator-initiated clinical trial (NCT03662815). PATIENTS AND METHODS Personalized neoantigen vaccines were designed and manufactured according to our bioinformatics analysis results from the whole-exome sequencing of tumor and peripheral blood cell DNAs. Patients were scheduled to be vaccinated subcutaneously with adjuvant on days 1, 4, 8, 15, and 22 (prime phase), and days 78 and 162 (boost phase). Additional immunizations were administrated every 2-3 months as per patient's potential benefit. The safety and efficacy were assessed through adverse events (AE), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and other parameters. RESULTS Of the 22 patients enrolled with advanced malignancies, 20 had no or mild AEs, while 2 had grade 3 or 4 acute allergic reactions only after their sixth boost vaccination. The disease control rate was 71.4%. The median PFS was 4.6 months, whereas the median OS was not reached (12-month OS = 55.1%). Around 80% of individual peptides or peptide pools elicited measurable specific immune response. In addition, our findings revealed several potential biomarkers for the prediction of better response. CONCLUSIONS iNeo-Vac-P01 as monotherapy is feasible and safe for patients with advanced solid tumors. It could elicit T-cell-mediated immune response targeting tumor neoantigens, and might have promising antitumor efficacy.See related commentary by Filderman and Storkus, p. 4429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Mo
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Hangzhou AI-Force Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Shou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Han
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongsen Li
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengli Ye
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huina Wang
- AcornMed Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic renal cell carcinoma is a complex cancer for which several drugs have been developed over the years. More recently, drugs that target the specific cancer cell mutations have been developed for metastatic cell carcinoma. However, even with the recent influx of targeted therapy options, significant unmet needs exist in around half of treated renal cell carcinoma patients following the failure of first-line therapy. The aim of this study was to review the health technology appraisals of renal cell carcinoma treatments in several countries to establish what factors might affect the reimbursement decisions. METHODS The reimbursement data for 10 drugs in several countries were collated from the health technology assessment bodies for each country. The data included information on clinical trials used in the submission documents for the health technology assessment, the reimbursement decisions and the reasons for those decisions, as well as any specific restrictions for use of any of the included drugs. RESULTS Of the 10 drugs reviewed, only everolimus received a positive reimbursement decision by all the health technology assessment bodies included in the study. The most common reason for a negative reimbursement decision was lack of demonstration of cost-effectiveness of the drugs. Another frequently cited reason was unproven clinical efficacy and poor impact on overall survival. CONCLUSION Despite the many treatment guidelines and current treatment options that are available for renal cell carcinoma, there remains an unmet need in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. On the basis of this analysis, the key reason for a drug not obtaining a positive reimbursement decision is due to poor efficacy or uncertainty of the drug's efficacy. FUNDING Eisai, Inc.
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17
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Sönmez MG, Sönmez LÖ. New treatment modalities with vaccine therapy in renal cell carcinoma. Urol Ann 2019; 11:119-125. [PMID: 31040593 PMCID: PMC6476201 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_166_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of implementing vaccine therapy is to activate immune response against malignant cells by overcoming the tolerance triggered by the tumor. These treatments are effective using the immune response against cancer. Not every type of cancer is suitable for vaccine therapies. For a vaccine therapy to be implemented, cancer should be immunogenic and contain tissue-specific proteins, should have a slow progression, and treatments should be feasible. For that reason, studies regarding urological cancers are mostly focused on the kidneys and the prostate. Vaccine therapies used in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be categorized under the following titles: autologous tumor cells, dendritic cells, genetically modified tumor cells, and protein/peptide. Although there are old studies on the implementation of vaccine therapies in RCC, researches have only been intensified recently. In addition to their effective potential for lengthening general survival, decreasing tumor burden and cancer development in long term, vaccine treatments are especially effective in metastatic RCC patients. We think that vaccine treatments would be applied more in near future since RCC are immunogenic. In this compilation, we will discuss vaccine therapies used in RCC, which urologists are not so familiar with, in the light of the up-to-date literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Giray Sönmez
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Leyla Öztürk Sönmez
- Department of Physiology, Selcuklu Medical School, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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18
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Jacoberger-Foissac C, Saliba H, Seguin C, Brion A, Kakhi Z, Frisch B, Fournel S, Heurtault B. Optimization of peptide-based cancer vaccine compositions, by sequential screening, using versatile liposomal platform. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:342-350. [PMID: 30880104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines need thoughtful design to efficiently deliver appropriate antigens and adjuvants to the immune system. In the current study, we took advantage of the versatility of a liposomal platform to conceive and customize vaccines containing three elements needed for the induction of efficient antitumor immunity: i) a CD4 epitope peptide able to activate CD4+ T helper cells, ii) a CD8 tumor-specific epitope peptide recognized by CD8+ T cytotoxic cells and iii) Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) agonists which stand as adjuvants. Each type of component, conjugated to liposomes, was evaluated individually by comparing their vaccine efficacy after immunization of naïve mice. These screening steps resulted in the optimization of three liposomal constructs bearing a peptide from HA influenza virus protein as CD4 epitope, a peptide from HPV16 E7 oncoprotein as CD8 epitope and TLR4, TLR2/6 or NOD1 agonists as adjuvant, which displayed antitumor efficiency against a mouse model of disseminated tumors transformed by HPV16. Our results validated the interest of our customizable liposomal platform as delivery system for cancer vaccination. We also demonstrated its interest as tool for vaccine design allowing the strategical selection of components, and the evaluation of epitope-adjuvant association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Jacoberger-Foissac
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Hanadi Saliba
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Cendrine Seguin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Anaïs Brion
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Zahra Kakhi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Frisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Fournel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Heurtault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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19
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Young JS, Dayani F, Morshed RA, Okada H, Aghi MK. Immunotherapy for High Grade Gliomas: A Clinical Update and Practical Considerations for Neurosurgeons. World Neurosurg 2019; 124:397-409. [PMID: 30677574 PMCID: PMC6642850 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current standard of care for patients with high grade gliomas includes surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation; but even still the majority of patients experience disease progression and succumb to their illness within a few years of diagnosis. Immunotherapy, which stimulates an anti-tumor immune response, has been revolutionary in the treatment of some hematological and solid malignancies, generating substantial excitement for its potential for patients with glioblastoma. The most commonly used immunotherapies include dendritic cell and peptide vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive T cell therapy. However, to date, the preclinical success of these approaches against high-grade glioma models has not been replicated in human clinical trials. Moreover, the complex response to these biologically active treatments can complicate management decisions, and the neurosurgical oncology community needs to be actively involved in and up to date on the use of these agents in high grade glioma patients. In this review, we discuss the challenges immunotherapy faces for high grade gliomas, the completed and ongoing clinical trials for the major immunotherapies, and the nuances in management for patients being actively treated with one of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fara Dayani
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ramin A Morshed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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20
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Dillman RO, Depriest C. Dendritic Cell Vaccines Presenting Autologous Tumor Antigens from Self-renewing Cancer Cells in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 3:93-101. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Therapeutic Vaccines for Genitourinary Malignancies. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030055. [PMID: 30103542 PMCID: PMC6161030 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of genitourinary malignancies has been a showcase for therapeutic cancer vaccine success since the application of intravesicular Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for bladder cancer in the 1970s and enjoyed a renaissance in 2010 with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer. Several vaccine strategies have emerged, such as autologous or allogeneic whole-tumor vaccines, DNA vaccines, use of viral vectors, and peptides as immunostimulatory adjuvants. Despite impressive early trials, vaccine monotherapy has achieved limited success in the clinical world; however, combinations of vaccine and immune checkpoint inhibition or vaccine and cytokine stimulation are expected to move the field forward. This article reviews pivotal trials of cancer vaccines in prostate, renal, and bladder cancer and ongoing trials combining vaccines with other immune therapy agents.
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22
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Flynn M, Pickering L, Larkin J, Turajlic S. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma and kidney cancer: from sequencing to rational selection. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918777427. [PMID: 29977349 PMCID: PMC6024333 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918777427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs), including antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 and programmed cell death protein 1, have been shown to induce durable complete responses in a proportion of patients in the first-line and refractory setting in advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. In fact, there are several lines of both targeted agents and ICPI that are now feasible treatment options. However, survival in the metastatic setting continues to be poor and there remains a need for improved therapeutic approaches. In order to enhance patient selection for the most appropriate next line of therapy, better predictive biomarkers of responsiveness will need to be developed in tandem with technologies to identify mechanisms of ICPI resistance. Adaptive, biomarker-driven trials will drive this evolution. The combination of ICPI with specific chemotherapies, targeted therapies and other immuno-oncology (IO) drugs in order to circumvent ICPI resistance and enhance efficacy is discussed. Recent data support the role for both targeted therapies and ICPI in the adjuvant setting of melanoma and targeted therapies in the adjuvant setting for renal cell carcinoma, which may influence the consideration of treatment on subsequent relapse. Approaches to select the optimal treatment sequences for these patients will need to be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samra Turajlic
- Department of Medicine, Skin and Renal Units, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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23
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Correlates of immune and clinical activity of novel cancer vaccines. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:119-136. [PMID: 29709421 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are solely meant to amplify the pool of type 1 cytokine oriented CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that recognize tumor antigen and ultimately foster control and destruction of a growing tumor. They are not designed to deal with all aspects of immune ignorance, exclusion, suppression and escape that are generally in place in patients with cancer and may prevent the T cells to enter the tumor or to exert their effector function. This simple fact prompted for a reappraisal of the many recent trials in which therapeutic cancer vaccines have been examined as monotherapy. In this review, I focus on trials examining therapeutic cancer vaccines at different stages of existing disease. The analysis of vaccine-induced immune responses and clinical activity of therapeutic cancer vaccines revealed four levels of evidence for vaccine efficacy. The lowest levels, reflect the many trials in which the strength of the tumor-reactive T cell response of vaccinated patients is associated with better clinical outcome or change in tumor marker. The highest levels indicate occasional regressions of tumors and metastases after vaccination or reflect a stronger clinical impact of vaccine in a randomized trial. A whole series of trials in which vaccine-induced tumor immunity correlates with the clinical impact of cancer vaccines in premalignant diseases, settings of low tumor burden or tumor regressions in patients with cancer, form an attest to the fact that cancer vaccines work. While the current number of true clinical responders in each cancer trial is too low for firm conclusions on immune correlates of clinical reactivity in cancer, extrapolation of the results from vaccinated patients with pre-cancers suggest a requirement of broad type 1 T cell reactivity.
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24
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Obara W, Kanehira M, Katagiri T, Kato R, Kato Y, Takata R. Present status and future perspective of peptide-based vaccine therapy for urological cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:550-559. [PMID: 29345737 PMCID: PMC5834812 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of peptide‐based vaccines as therapeutics aims to elicit immune responses through antigenic epitopes derived from tumor antigens. Peptide‐based vaccines are easily synthesized and lack significant side‐effects when given in vivo. Peptide‐based vaccine therapy against several cancers including urological cancers has made progress for several decades, but there is no worldwide approved peptide vaccine. Peptide vaccines were also shown to induce a high frequency of immune response in patients accompanied by clinical efficacy. These data are discussed in light of the recent progression of immunotherapy caused by the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors thus providing a general picture of the potential therapeutic efficacy of peptide‐based vaccines and their combination with other biological agents. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of the antitumor effect of peptide‐based vaccine therapy, development of our peptide vaccine, recent clinical trials using peptide vaccines for urological cancers, and perspectives of peptide‐based vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Obara
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Kanehira
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toyomasa Katagiri
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Renpei Kato
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ryo Takata
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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25
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Rozanov DV, Rozanov ND, Chiotti KE, Reddy A, Wilmarth PA, David LL, Cha SW, Woo S, Pevzner P, Bafna V, Burrows GG, Rantala JK, Levin T, Anur P, Johnson-Camacho K, Tabatabaei S, Munson DJ, Bruno TC, Slansky JE, Kappler JW, Hirano N, Boegel S, Fox BA, Egelston C, Simons DL, Jimenez G, Lee PP, Gray JW, Spellman PT. MHC class I loaded ligands from breast cancer cell lines: A potential HLA-I-typed antigen collection. J Proteomics 2018; 176:13-23. [PMID: 29331515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To build a catalog of peptides presented by breast cancer cells, we undertook systematic MHC class I immunoprecipitation followed by elution of MHC class I-loaded peptides in breast cancer cells. We determined the sequence of 3196 MHC class I ligands representing 1921 proteins from a panel of 20 breast cancer cell lines. After removing duplicate peptides, i.e., the same peptide eluted from more than one cell line, the total number of unique peptides was 2740. Of the unique peptides eluted, more than 1750 had been previously identified, and of these, sixteen have been shown to be immunogenic. Importantly, half of these immunogenic peptides were shared between different breast cancer cell lines. MHC class I binding probability was used to plot the distribution of the eluted peptides in accordance with the binding score for each breast cancer cell line. We also determined that the tested breast cancer cells presented 89 mutation-containing peptides and peptides derived from aberrantly translated genes, 7 of which were shared between four or two different cell lines. Overall, the high throughput identification of MHC class I-loaded peptides is an effective strategy for systematic characterization of cancer peptides, and could be employed for design of multi-peptide anticancer vaccines. SIGNIFICANCE By employing proteomic analyses of eluted peptides from breast cancer cells, the current study has built an initial HLA-I-typed antigen collection for breast cancer research. It was also determined that immunogenic epitopes can be identified using established cell lines and that shared immunogenic peptides can be found in different cancer types such as breast cancer and leukemia. Importantly, out of 3196 eluted peptides that included duplicate peptides in different cells 89 peptides either contained mutation in their sequence or were derived from aberrant translation suggesting that mutation-containing epitopes are on the order of 2-3% in breast cancer cells. Finally, our results suggest that interfering with MHC class I function is one of the mechanisms of how tumor cells escape immune system attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Rozanov
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
| | | | - Kami E Chiotti
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ashok Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Larry L David
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Seung W Cha
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sunghee Woo
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pavel Pevzner
- The NIH Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Gregory G Burrows
- Neurology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Trevor Levin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Pavana Anur
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Katie Johnson-Camacho
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Shaadi Tabatabaei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel J Munson
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jill E Slansky
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - John W Kappler
- National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Chiles Research Institute Providence PDX Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Colt Egelston
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Diana L Simons
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Grecia Jimenez
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Peter P Lee
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Center for Health & Healing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Paul T Spellman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Stühler V, Kruck S, Hegemann M, Notohamiprodjo M, Todenhöfer T, Kröger N, Stenzl A, Bedke J. [TKI 2.0 - changes in the medical treatment of renal cell carcinoma]. Urologe A 2017; 57:314-322. [PMID: 28879504 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-017-0496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Only for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a local stage curative treatment option by surgical resection exists. For metastatic disease the 5‑year survival rate decreases radically. A factor that contributes to this is the low sensibility to radiation and chemotherapeutics. Since the approval of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors in 2006 effective drugs for the treatment of mRCC is available. The specific inhibition of the vascular-endothelial-growth (VEGF)-receptor and the "mammalian Target of Rapamycin" (mTOR) leads to a prolongation of the progression-free survival as well as the overall survival rate. For a long time, the current target therapy with TKI appeared to be exhausted, but since recently research has gone a step further. Thus, Cabozantinib and Lenvatinib in the combination with Everolimus have been approved for second-line therapy in mRCC. For the first time a clinical study demonstrated positive results for an adjuvant treatment with sunitinib in patients with a high-risk RCC. Furthermore, in april 2016 the immune checkpoint inhibitor Nivolumab was approved for second-line therapy in mRCC in Germany. The following report examines briefly the current therapeutic recommendations, new findings and drug approvals and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Stühler
- Klinik für Urologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72070, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - S Kruck
- Klinik für Urologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72070, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - M Hegemann
- Klinik für Urologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72070, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - M Notohamiprodjo
- Klinik für Radiologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - T Todenhöfer
- Klinik für Urologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72070, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - N Kröger
- Klinik für Urologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - A Stenzl
- Klinik für Urologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72070, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - J Bedke
- Klinik für Urologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72070, Tübingen, Deutschland.
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Mendiratta P, Rini BI, Ornstein MC. Emerging immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:687-693. [PMID: 28889919 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently catapulted to the forefront of treatments for patients with solid tumors. Given its inherent immunogenic properties, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has historically responded to immunotherapy and remains primed for further development. Although immunotherapy with high-dose interleukin 2 was a primary treatment for advanced RCC (aRCC), recent discoveries of key molecular and immunological alterations have led to the FDA-approval of nivolumab, an antiprogrammed cell death inhibitor, which has demonstrated an overall survival in patients with previously treated aRCC. However, despite recent therapeutic advances, aRCC remains an incurable disease for most patients. In this review, we assess the current landscape and future developments of immunotherapy in aRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian I Rini
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
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Cho YH, Kim MS, Chung HS, Hwang EC. Novel immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Investig Clin Urol 2017; 58:220-227. [PMID: 28681030 PMCID: PMC5494344 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of therapeutic modalities for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) over the past decade to include a number of targeted antiangiogenic therapies and traditional immunotherapy, such as high-dose interleukin-2 and interferon-α, mRCC continues to be associated with poor prognosis. Currently, several novel immunotherapy agents, such as cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1 present on T cells), one of its ligands (PD-L1 present on antigen-presenting cells and tumor cells), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 pathways, are being studied in mRCC and are showing promise as important steps in the management of this disease. This review summarizes the current landscape of standard and emerging immune therapeutics and other modalities for mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hyun Cho
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ho Seok Chung
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eu Chang Hwang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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29
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Enhance the anti-renca carcinoma effect of a DNA vaccine targeting G250 gene by co-expression with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4(CTLA-4). Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:147-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Personalized peptide vaccines and their relation to other therapies in urological cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14:501-510. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Stewart GD, De Santis M, Escudier B, Powles T, Sonpavde G. Immunotherapy for Renal Cancer: Sequencing and Combinations. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 2:582-588. [PMID: 28723489 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Current therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) generally consists of the sequential administration of single agent therapy. Given the advent of T-cell checkpoint inhibitors, the role of combinations including these agents is being intensely interrogated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate ongoing trials of combinations including immunotherapy and sequencing of agents to treat RCC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Recent data and ongoing trials were analyzed to evaluate the direction of research in this arena. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The favorable therapeutic index of programmed cell death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors enable combinations of these agents. Multiple ongoing phase 3 trials are evaluating the first-line therapy of RCC using a combination of programmed cell death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors. The role of sequencing using single agent sunitinib and avelumab will be evaluated in a randomized phase 2 trial. The role of vaccine therapy remains unproven. The role of predictive biomarkers to select appropriate therapy requires a greater focus, given the multitude of possible therapies. CONCLUSIONS Therapy for RCC should be tailored based on both patient and tumor characteristics. Combination therapy and sequencing of single agents may both play roles and are currently undergoing clinical trial evaluation. PATIENT SUMMARY Combinations of immunotherapy with angiogenesis inhibitors are undergoing vigorous clinical trial evaluations. Sequencing of immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy is also undergoing investigation. Clinical trial participation is critically important to develop new drugs and combinations, and biomarkers to select therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant D Stewart
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
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32
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Anselmo Da Costa I, Rausch S, Kruck S, Todenhöfer T, Stenzl A, Bedke J. Immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: Where will we go? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 17:357-368. [PMID: 28162024 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1292138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Historically, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered a chemotherapy-resistant tumor. The cornerstone of systemic therapy included mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Currently, a new era is enteres with promising immunotherapeutic treatments, which are becoming commercially available. Areas covered: We provide a comprehensive review using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov about the following immunotherapies in RCC: i) vaccine therapy, ii) adoptive T Cell Transfer and CAR T cells, iii) nonspecific immunotherapy - IL-2 (new formulations), iv) Checkpoint inhibitors, v) other checkpoint-molecules. We will also discuss their mechanism of action and toxicity, the importance of developing new patient selection algorithms (immunoprofiling, guidelines updates) and new biomarkers such as PD-1 expression. Expert commentary: Immunotherapy shows promise, and the current tools used in clinical practice, including guidelines, staging-classification and algorithms should be revised and adapted to the new immunotherapeutic drugs. Although immunotherapy in RCC show promising results, more research is needed in parallel to discover biomarkers that enable the prediction of a treatment response and therefore lead to better patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Rausch
- a Department of Urology , Eberhard Karls University , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Stephan Kruck
- a Department of Urology , Eberhard Karls University , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- a Department of Urology , Eberhard Karls University , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- a Department of Urology , Eberhard Karls University , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- a Department of Urology , Eberhard Karls University , Tuebingen , Germany
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33
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Tsao CK, Liaw B, He C, Galsky MD, Sfakianos J, Oh WK. Moving beyond vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy in renal cell cancer: latest evidence and therapeutic implications. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:287-298. [PMID: 28491148 DOI: 10.1177/1758834016687261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell cancer (RCC) continues to be among the most lethal malignancies in the USA. Introduction of anti-vascular epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors over a decade ago resulted in improvement in disease outcomes, but further development of new therapies largely stagnated for many years. More recently, a better understanding of disease biology and treatment-resistance patterns has led to a second renaissance in drug development, with the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab, paving the way for additional therapies entering clinical trial testing in the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Kai Tsao
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bobby Liaw
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine He
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William K Oh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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34
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Eckert F, Gaipl U, Niedermann G, Hettich M, Schilbach K, Huber S, Zips D. Beyond checkpoint inhibition - Immunotherapeutical strategies in combination with radiation. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 2:29-35. [PMID: 29657997 PMCID: PMC5893529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The revival of cancer immunotherapy has taken place with the clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibition. However, the spectrum of immunotherapeutic approaches is much broader encompassing T cell engaging strategies, tumour-specific vaccination, antibodies or immunocytokines. This review focuses on the immunological effects of irradiation and the evidence available on combination strategies with immunotherapy. The available data suggest great potential of combined treatments, yet also poses questions about dose, fractionation, timing and most promising multimodal strategies.
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Key Words
- Bispecific antibodies
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CAR-T-cells
- CDN, cyclic dinucleotides
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor
- IR, irradiation
- Immunocytokines
- Immunotherapy
- PD-1, Programmed cell death protein 1 receptor
- PD-L1, PD-1 ligand
- Radiotherapy
- TCR, T cell receptor
- Treg, regulatory T cells
- Vaccination
- bsAb, bispecific antibody
- scFv, single chain variable fragment
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - U.S. Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Hettich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Schilbach
- Department of General Pediatrics/Pediatric Oncology, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - S.M. Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - D. Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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35
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Wada S, Yada E, Ohtake J, Fujimoto Y, Uchiyama H, Yoshida S, Sasada T. Current status and future prospects of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:1321-1333. [PMID: 27993087 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has attracted attention worldwide owing to the recent development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, these therapies have shown limited efficacy, and further advancements are needed before these modalities can progress to widespread use. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a type of nonspecific cancer immunotherapy, and antitumor effects are only observed when cancer-specific T cells are found within the nonspecifically activated T-cell group. In order to facilitate the development of potent immunotherapies, selective enhancement of cancer-specific T cells is essential. In this report, we discuss current and future perspectives, including the latest clinical trials of cancer-specific immunotherapies, particularly cancer peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Erika Yada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Junya Ohtake
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Hidemi Uchiyama
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yoshida
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
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Rini BI, Stenzl A, Zdrojowy R, Kogan M, Shkolnik M, Oudard S, Weikert S, Bracarda S, Crabb SJ, Bedke J, Ludwig J, Maurer D, Mendrzyk R, Wagner C, Mahr A, Fritsche J, Weinschenk T, Walter S, Kirner A, Singh-Jasuja H, Reinhardt C, Eisen T. IMA901, a multipeptide cancer vaccine, plus sunitinib versus sunitinib alone, as first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (IMPRINT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:1599-1611. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pal SK, Agarwal N, Dizman N, Sonpavde G. Vaccine therapy in renal cell carcinoma: attempting to leap over a rising bar. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:1477-1478. [PMID: 27720137 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nazli Dizman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Research and Training Hospital, Dumlupınar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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38
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Mataraza JM, Gotwals P. Recent advances in immuno-oncology and its application to urological cancers. BJU Int 2016; 118:506-14. [PMID: 27123757 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immuno-oncology have the potential to transform the practice of medical oncology. Antibodies directed against negative regulators of T-cell function (checkpoint inhibitors), engineered cell therapies and innate immune stimulators, such as oncolytic viruses, are effective in a wide range of cancers. Immune'based therapies have had a clinically meaningful impact on the treatment of advanced melanoma, and the lessons regarding use of single agents and combinations in melanoma may be applicable to the treatment of urological cancers. Checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine therapy and therapeutic vaccines are already showing promise in urothelial bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer. Critical areas of future immuno-oncology research include the prospective identification of patients who will respond to current immune-based cancer therapies and the identification of new therapeutic agents that promote immune priming in tumours, and increase the rate of durable clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Mataraza
- Exploratory Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Philip Gotwals
- Exploratory Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Bassani-Sternberg M, Coukos G. Mass spectrometry-based antigen discovery for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 41:9-17. [PMID: 27155075 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antigenic landscape of tumors is distinct from healthy cells and has been the rationale behind a variety of vaccination trials. Typically the target tumor-associated antigens have been of self origin and have rarely induced effective anti-tumor responses. Recent data show that activation of the immune system by immune checkpoint blocking therapies leads to tumor rejection and that recognition of mutated antigens, known as 'neo-antigens' plays a key role. Discovery of neo-antigens relies mainly on prediction-based interrogation of the 'mutanome' using genomic information as input, followed by T-cell screening. Recent breakthroughs in mass spectrometry (MS) based immunopeptidomics have allowed the discovery of very large pools of naturally presented peptides, among them neo-epitopes. This review highlights the current progress related to neo-antigens discovery with emphasis on prediction algorithms and MS as well as the synergy of the two methodologies and how they can be exploited to develop effective personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne Branch & Department of Oncology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne Branch & Department of Oncology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Abstract
Amplification and concomitant overexpression of the MYCN oncogene is a frequent event in many malignancies including the childhood tumors, neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. MYCN is only expressed in a defined time frame during early developmental processes, (1) which is beneficial for approaches combatting tumor-specific MYCN. However, MYCN is a transcription factors that was considered a poor drug target, until recent approaches suggested that down-regulation of MYCN could be possible by indirect targeting using Aurora kinase inhibitors or BET inhibitors. These concepts were proven using preclinical models (2-6) and are now entering clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schramm
- a Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Holger Lode
- b Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
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Figlin RA. Personalized immunotherapy (AGS-003) when combined with sunitinib for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1241-8. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1063610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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