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Nimal S, Kumbhar N, Saruchi, Rathore S, Naik N, Paymal S, Gacche RN. Apigenin and its combination with Vorinostat induces apoptotic-mediated cell death in TNBC by modulating the epigenetic and apoptotic regulators and related miRNAs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9540. [PMID: 38664447 PMCID: PMC11045774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a metastatic disease and a formidable treatment challenge as it does not respond to existing therapies. Epigenetic regulators play a crucial role in the progression and metastasis by modulating the expression of anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic markers and related miRNAs in TNBC cells. We have investigated the anti-TNBC potential of dietary flavonoid 'Apigenin' and its combination with Vorinostat on MDA-MB-231 cells. At Apigenin generated ROS, inhibited cell migration, arrested the cell cycle at subG0/G1 phases, and induced apoptotic-mediated cell death. Apigenin reduced the expression of the class-I HDACs at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. In the immunoblotting study, Apigenin has upregulated pro-apoptotic markers and downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins. Apigenin inhibited the enzymatic activity of HDAC/DNMT and increased HAT activity. Apigenin has manifested its effect on miRNA expression by upregulating the tumor-suppressor miR-200b and downregulation oncomiR-21. Combination study reduced the growth of TNBC cells synergistically by modulating the expression of epigenetic and apoptotic regulators. Molecular docking and MD simulations explored the mechanism of catalytic inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC3 and supported the in-vitro studies. The overall studies demonstrated an anti-TNBC potential of Apigenin and may help to design an effective strategy to treat metastatic phenotype of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Nimal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Navanath Kumbhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India
- Medical Information Management, Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Saruchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Shriya Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Nitin Naik
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Sneha Paymal
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Rajesh N Gacche
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India.
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Chen YD, Gao KX, Wang Z, Deng Q, Chen YT, Liang H. Glycine Decarboxylase Suppresses the Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth and Regulates Its Gene Expressions and Functions. World J Oncol 2022; 13:387-402. [PMID: 36660213 PMCID: PMC9822677 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), a key metabolic enzyme, participates in the regulation of the glycine metabolic pathway. Differential expression of GLDC is linked to the malignant growth of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and may regulate tumor progression through other genes. However, the regulatory function of GLDC in RCC is currently unknown. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the roles of GLDC in the invasion, proliferation, and migration of RCC cells and elucidate the processes underlying RCC development. Methods The expression of GLDC in RCC cell lines and tissues was identified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. A stably transfected cell line overexpressing GLDC was constructed using a lentiviral vector. Cell proliferation was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and EdU experiments, and scratch and transwell assays were used to determine migration and invasion capabilities. Furthermore, differential proteins were identified and obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. Finally, these differential proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics, including cluster analysis, subcellular localization, domain annotation, annotation of the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), enrichment analysis, and study of protein-protein interactions. Results GLDC expression was found to be lower in six RCC cell lines (786-O, A498, Caki-1, 769-P, OSRC-2, and ACHN) than in 293T cells and decreased in kidney cancer tissues compared to neighboring normal tissues. Overexpression of GLDC inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells as well as their migration and invasion abilities. Tandem mass tag analysis showed that 317 and 236 genes were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, when GLDC was overexpressed in A498 cells. Tandem mass tag analysis showed that 317 and 236 genes were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, when GLDC was overexpressed in A498 cells. Volcano plot showed these upregulated and downregulated proteins. Cluster analysis showed that differentially expressed protein screening can represent the effect of biological treatment on samples. Subcellular localization analysis showed differential proteins are mainly distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, plasma membrane, extracellular matrix, and lysosome. GO annotation showed many biological processes in the cells were changed, including "positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation", "cofactor binding", and "nuclear body". KEGG pathway analysis showed key pathways have all undergone considerable alterations, such as "cell cycle", "glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism", and "threonine, glycine, and serine metabolism". Finally, highly aggregated proteins with the same or similar functions were acquired by analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Conclusions These studies indicate that GLDC overexpression suppresses the invasion, proliferation, and migration of RCC cells and leads to the upregulation and downregulation of 236 and 317 genes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Da Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China,Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People’s Hospital), Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Ke Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People’s Hospital), Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People’s Hospital), Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People’s Hospital), Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Yu Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Corresponding Author: Yu Ting Chen, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China. ; Hui Liang, Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People’s Hospital), Shenzhen 518109, China.
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People’s Hospital), Shenzhen 518109, China,Corresponding Author: Yu Ting Chen, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China. ; Hui Liang, Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People’s Hospital), Shenzhen 518109, China.
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Liu Y, Vandekeere A, Xu M, Fendt SM, Altea-Manzano P. Metabolite-derived protein modifications modulating oncogenic signaling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988626. [PMID: 36226054 PMCID: PMC9549695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant growth is defined by multiple aberrant cellular features, including metabolic rewiring, inactivation of tumor suppressors and the activation of oncogenes. Even though these features have been described as separate hallmarks, many studies have shown an extensive mutual regulatory relationship amongst them. On one hand, the change in expression or activity of tumor suppressors and oncogenes has extensive direct and indirect effects on cellular metabolism, activating metabolic pathways required for malignant growth. On the other hand, the tumor microenvironment and tumor intrinsic metabolic alterations result in changes in intracellular metabolite levels, which directly modulate the protein modification of oncogenes and tumor suppressors at both epigenetic and post-translational levels. In this mini-review, we summarize the crosstalk between tumor suppressors/oncogenes and metabolism-induced protein modifications at both levels and explore the impact of metabolic (micro)environments in shaping these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metaboli Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Vandekeere
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metaboli Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metaboli Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sarah-Maria Fendt, ; Patricia Altea-Manzano,
| | - Patricia Altea-Manzano
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metaboli Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sarah-Maria Fendt, ; Patricia Altea-Manzano,
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Varshavi D, Varshavi D, McCarthy N, Veselkov K, Keun HC, Everett JR. Metabonomics study of the effects of single copy mutant KRAS in the presence or absence of WT allele using human HCT116 isogenic cell lines. Metabolomics 2021; 17:104. [PMID: 34822010 PMCID: PMC8616861 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KRAS was one of the earliest human oncogenes to be described and is one of the most commonly mutated genes in different human cancers, including colorectal cancer. Despite KRAS mutants being known driver mutations, KRAS has proved difficult to target therapeutically, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying KRAS-driven cellular transformation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the metabolic signatures associated with single copy mutant KRAS in isogenic human colorectal cancer cells and to determine what metabolic pathways are affected. METHODS Using NMR-based metabonomics, we compared wildtype (WT)-KRAS and mutant KRAS effects on cancer cell metabolism using metabolic profiling of the parental KRAS G13D/+ HCT116 cell line and its isogenic, derivative cell lines KRAS +/- and KRAS G13D/-. RESULTS Mutation in the KRAS oncogene leads to a general metabolic remodelling to sustain growth and counter stress, including alterations in the metabolism of amino acids and enhanced glutathione biosynthesis. Additionally, we show that KRASG13D/+ and KRASG13D/- cells have a distinct metabolic profile characterized by dysregulation of TCA cycle, up-regulation of glycolysis and glutathione metabolism pathway as well as increased glutamine uptake and acetate utilization. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the effect of a single point mutation in one KRAS allele and KRAS allele loss in an isogenic genetic background, hence avoiding confounding genetic factors. Metabolic differences among different KRAS mutations might play a role in their different responses to anticancer treatments and hence could be exploited as novel metabolic vulnerabilities to develop more effective therapies against oncogenic KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorna Varshavi
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Dorsa Varshavi
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Nicola McCarthy
- Horizon Discovery Ltd., Cambridge Research Park, 8100 Beach Dr, Waterbeach, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
- Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - Jeremy R Everett
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK.
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Satpathy S, Krug K, Jean Beltran PM, Savage SR, Petralia F, Kumar-Sinha C, Dou Y, Reva B, Kane MH, Avanessian SC, Vasaikar SV, Krek A, Lei JT, Jaehnig EJ, Omelchenko T, Geffen Y, Bergstrom EJ, Stathias V, Christianson KE, Heiman DI, Cieslik MP, Cao S, Song X, Ji J, Liu W, Li K, Wen B, Li Y, Gümüş ZH, Selvan ME, Soundararajan R, Visal TH, Raso MG, Parra ER, Babur Ö, Vats P, Anand S, Schraink T, Cornwell M, Rodrigues FM, Zhu H, Mo CK, Zhang Y, da Veiga Leprevost F, Huang C, Chinnaiyan AM, Wyczalkowski MA, Omenn GS, Newton CJ, Schurer S, Ruggles KV, Fenyö D, Jewell SD, Thiagarajan M, Mesri M, Rodriguez H, Mani SA, Udeshi ND, Getz G, Suh J, Li QK, Hostetter G, Paik PK, Dhanasekaran SM, Govindan R, Ding L, Robles AI, Clauser KR, Nesvizhskii AI, Wang P, Carr SA, Zhang B, Mani DR, Gillette MA. A proteogenomic portrait of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cell 2021; 184:4348-4371.e40. [PMID: 34358469 PMCID: PMC8475722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains a leading cause of cancer death with few therapeutic options. We characterized the proteogenomic landscape of LSCC, providing a deeper exposition of LSCC biology with potential therapeutic implications. We identify NSD3 as an alternative driver in FGFR1-amplified tumors and low-p63 tumors overexpressing the therapeutic target survivin. SOX2 is considered undruggable, but our analyses provide rationale for exploring chromatin modifiers such as LSD1 and EZH2 to target SOX2-overexpressing tumors. Our data support complex regulation of metabolic pathways by crosstalk between post-translational modifications including ubiquitylation. Numerous immune-related proteogenomic observations suggest directions for further investigation. Proteogenomic dissection of CDKN2A mutations argue for more nuanced assessment of RB1 protein expression and phosphorylation before declaring CDK4/6 inhibition unsuccessful. Finally, triangulation between LSCC, LUAD, and HNSCC identified both unique and common therapeutic vulnerabilities. These observations and proteogenomics data resources may guide research into the biology and treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pierre M Jean Beltran
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - M Harry Kane
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shayan C Avanessian
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Suhas V Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jonathan T Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric J Jaehnig
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Yifat Geffen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erik J Bergstrom
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vasileios Stathias
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karen E Christianson
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David I Heiman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marcin P Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tanvi H Visal
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria G Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Özgün Babur
- Computer Science Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shankara Anand
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tobias Schraink
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Houxiang Zhu
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chia-Kuei Mo
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Chen Huang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Stephan Schurer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Namrata D Udeshi
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James Suh
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Paul K Paik
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Quantitative Proteomic Approach Reveals Altered Metabolic Pathways in Response to the Inhibition of Lysine Deacetylases in A549 Cells under Normoxia and Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073378. [PMID: 33806075 PMCID: PMC8036653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence is showing that acetylation plays an essential role in cancer, but studies on the impact of KDAC inhibition (KDACi) on the metabolic profile are still in their infancy. Here, we analyzed, by using an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics approach, the changes in the proteome of KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells in response to trichostatin-A (TSA) and nicotinamide (NAM) under normoxia and hypoxia. Part of this response was further validated by molecular and biochemical analyses and correlated with the proliferation rates, apoptotic cell death, and activation of ROS scavenging mechanisms in opposition to the ROS production. Despite the differences among the KDAC inhibitors, up-regulation of glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid synthesis emerged as a common metabolic response underlying KDACi. We also observed that some of the KDACi effects at metabolic levels are enhanced under hypoxia. Furthermore, we used a drug repositioning machine learning approach to list candidate metabolic therapeutic agents for KRAS mutated NSCLC. Together, these results allow us to better understand the metabolic regulations underlying KDACi in NSCLC, taking into account the microenvironment of tumors related to hypoxia, and bring new insights for the future rational design of new therapies.
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Clementino M, Xie J, Yang P, Li Y, Lin HP, Fenske WK, Tao H, Kondo K, Yang C, Wang Z. A Positive Feedback Loop Between c-Myc Upregulation, Glycolytic Shift, and Histone Acetylation Enhances Cancer Stem Cell-like Property and Tumorigenicity of Cr(VI)-transformed Cells. Toxicol Sci 2020; 177:71-83. [PMID: 32525551 PMCID: PMC7553706 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure causes lung cancer and other types of cancer; however, the mechanism of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis remains to be clearly defined. Our recent study showed that chronic Cr(VI) exposure upregulates the proto oncogene c-Myc expression, which contributes significantly to Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation, cancer stem cell (CSC)-like property and tumorigenesis. c-Myc is a master regulator of cancer cell abnormal metabolism and accumulating evidence suggests that metabolism dysregulation plays an important role in both cancer development and progression. However, little is known about the role of metabolism dysregulation in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis. This study was performed to investigate the potential role and mechanism of metabolism dysregulation in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis. It was found that Cr(VI)-transformed cells display glycolytic shift, which depends on the upregulation of c-Myc. The glycolytic shift in Cr(VI)-transformed cells led to increased production of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and elevation of histone acetylation. This, in turn, upregulated the expression of an acetyl-CoA producing key enzyme ATP citrate lyase and c-Myc, forming a positive feedback loop between the upregulation of c-Myc expression, glycolytic shift and increased histone acetylation. It was further determined that glucose depletion not only reverses the glycolytic shift in Cr(VI)-transformed cells, but also significantly reduces their growth, CSC-like property and tumorigenicity. These findings indicate that glycolytic shift plays an important role in maintaining malignant phenotypes of Cr(VI)-transformed cells, suggesting that metabolism dysregulation is critically involved in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Clementino
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Hsuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - William K Fenske
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Kazuya Kondo
- Department of Oncological Medical Services, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima City 770-8509, Japan
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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8
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Abstract
The rediscovery and reinterpretation of the Warburg effect in the year 2000 occulted for almost a decade the key functions exerted by mitochondria in cancer cells. Until recent times, the scientific community indeed focused on constitutive glycolysis as a hallmark of cancer cells, which it is not, largely ignoring the contribution of mitochondria to the malignancy of oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells, being Warburgian or merely adapted to hypoxia. In this review, we highlight that mitochondria are not only powerhouses in some cancer cells, but also dynamic regulators of life, death, proliferation, motion and stemness in other types of cancer cells. Similar to the cells that host them, mitochondria are capable to adapt to tumoral conditions, and probably to evolve to ‘oncogenic mitochondria' capable of transferring malignant capacities to recipient cells. In the wider quest of metabolic modulators of cancer, treatments have already been identified targeting mitochondria in cancer cells, but the field is still in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Grasso
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca X Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tânia Capelôa
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine A Van de Velde
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Yang Y, Chen P, Zhao L, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhou J. Pharmacokinetics-Driven Optimization of 7-Methylimidazo[1,5- a]pyrazin-8(7H)-one as Novel BRD4 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1680-1685. [PMID: 31857846 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The BET bromodomain containing protein (BRD4) plays a key role in transcription regulation. Therefore, efforts to generate BRD4 inhibitors with excellent potency and DMPK properties are of clinical value. As a continuing work to improve the stability in in vitro metabolic experiments of liver microsomes of our previously reported 7-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8(7H)-one, our optimization of this poor pharmacokinetics focusing on the phenyl substituent is performed. Fortunately, compound 17 displayed subnanomolar potency (IC50 = 30 nM) against BRD4(1), and its liver microsome stability in human, rat, and mouse are more favorable than previously reported inhibitor 28. Compound 17 exhibited antitumor efficacy with no significant toxicity in xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. In addition, fluorescent probe and nuclei-specific dye were utilized to verify apoptosis-inducing of compound 17 via intranuclear potency in BXPC-3 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Leilei Zhao
- Center of Drug Discovery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Fangqing Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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10
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Miranda-Gonçalves V, Lameirinhas A, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Metabolism and Epigenetic Interplay in Cancer: Regulation and Putative Therapeutic Targets. Front Genet 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 30356832 PMCID: PMC6190739 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome and metabolism affect molecular rewiring of cancer cells facilitating cancer development and progression. Modulation of histone and DNA modification enzymes occurs owing to metabolic reprogramming driven by oncogenes and expression of metabolism-associated genes is, in turn, epigenetically regulated, promoting the well-known metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and, consequently, altering the metabolome. Thus, several malignant traits are supported by the interplay between metabolomics and epigenetics, promoting neoplastic transformation. In this review we emphasize the importance of tumour metabolites in the activity of most chromatin-modifying enzymes and implication in neoplastic transformation. Furthermore, candidate targets deriving from metabolism of cancer cells and altered epigenetic factors is emphasized, focusing on compounds that counteract the epigenomic-metabolic interplay in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Epigenetic Modifications and Head and Neck Cancer: Implications for Tumor Progression and Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071506. [PMID: 28704968 PMCID: PMC5535996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer and one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide. Despite continuous efforts to identify molecular markers for early detection, and to develop efficient treatments, the overall survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients remain poor. Accumulated scientific evidences suggest that epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone covalent modifications, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs, are frequently involved in oral carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to therapy. Epigenetic alterations occur in an unsystematic manner or as part of the aberrant transcriptional machinery, which promotes selective advantage to the tumor cells. Epigenetic modifications also contribute to cellular plasticity during tumor progression and to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal ability. CSCs are involved in the development of intrinsic or acquired therapy resistance, and tumor recurrences or relapse. Therefore, the understanding and characterization of epigenetic modifications associated with head and neck carcinogenesis, and the prospective identification of epigenetic markers associated with CSCs, hold the promise for novel therapeutic strategies to fight tumors. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications observed in HNSCC and emerging Epi-drugs capable of sensitizing HNSCC to therapy.
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12
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Fujisawa T, Filippakopoulos P. Functions of bromodomain-containing proteins and their roles in homeostasis and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:246-262. [PMID: 28053347 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomains (BRDs) are evolutionarily conserved protein-protein interaction modules that are found in a wide range of proteins with diverse catalytic and scaffolding functions and are present in most tissues. BRDs selectively recognize and bind to acetylated Lys residues - particularly in histones - and thereby have important roles in the regulation of gene expression. BRD-containing proteins are frequently dysregulated in cancer, they participate in gene fusions that generate diverse, frequently oncogenic proteins, and many cancer-causing mutations have been mapped to the BRDs themselves. Importantly, BRDs can be targeted by small-molecule inhibitors, which has stimulated many translational research projects that seek to attenuate the aberrant functions of BRD-containing proteins in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Fujisawa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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13
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Goto K, Annan DA, Morita T, Li W, Muroyama R, Matsubara Y, Ito S, Nakagawa R, Tanoue Y, Jinushi M, Kato N. Novel chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma based on a genome-wide association study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38407. [PMID: 27910927 PMCID: PMC5133582 DOI: 10.1038/srep38407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapeutic options are limited for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, we identified the anti-tumor ligand MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) gene as a susceptibility gene for hepatitis C virus-induced HCC in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). To prove the concept of HCC immunotherapy based on the results of a GWAS, in the present study, we searched for drugs that could restore MICA expression. A screen of the FDA-approved drug library identified the anti-cancer agent vorinostat as the strongest hit, suggesting histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) as potent candidates. Indeed, the HDACi-induced expression of MICA specific to HCC cells enhanced natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity in co-culture, which was further reinforced by treatment with an inhibitor of MICA sheddase. Similarly augmented anti-tumor activity of NK cells via NK group 2D was observed in vivo. Metabolomics analysis revealed HDACi-mediated alterations in energy supply and stresses for MICA induction and HCC inhibition, providing a mechanism for the chemoimmunotherapeutic actions. These data are indicative of promising strategies for selective HCC innate immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Hep G2 Cells
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Metabolome/drug effects
- Metabolome/genetics
- Metabolome/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Peptide Hydrolases/pharmacology
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Vorinostat
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaku Goto
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Dorcas A. Annan
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tomoko Morita
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Wenwen Li
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Muroyama
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yasuo Matsubara
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ito
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakagawa
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tanoue
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masahisa Jinushi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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14
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Quantitative metabolic flux analysis reveals an unconventional pathway of fatty acid synthesis in cancer cells deficient for the mitochondrial citrate transport protein. Metab Eng 2016; 43:198-207. [PMID: 27856334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial citrate transport protein (CTP), encoded by SLC25A1, accommodates bidirectional trafficking of citrate between the mitochondria and cytosol, supporting lipid biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. Genetic CTP deficiency causes a fatal neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with the accumulation of L- and D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid, and elevated CTP expression is associated with poor prognosis in several types of cancer, emphasizing the importance of this transporter in multiple human pathologies. Here we describe the metabolic consequences of CTP deficiency in cancer cells. As expected from the phenotype of CTP-deficient humans, somatic CTP loss in cancer cells induces broad dysregulation of mitochondrial metabolism, resulting in accumulation of lactate and of the L- and D- enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) and depletion of TCA cycle intermediates. It also eliminates mitochondrial import of citrate from the cytosol. To quantify the impact of CTP deficiency on metabolic flux, cells were cultured with a set of 13C-glucose and 13C-glutamine tracers with resulting data integrated by metabolic flux analysis (MFA). CTP-deficient cells displayed a major restructuring of central carbon metabolism, including suppression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and induction of glucose-dependent anaplerosis through pyruvate carboxylase (PC). We also observed an unusual lipogenic pathway in which carbon from glucose supplies mitochondrial production of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), which is then trafficked to the cytosol and used to supply reductive carboxylation by isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). The resulting citrate is cleaved to produce lipogenic acetyl-CoA, thereby completing a novel pathway of glucose-dependent reductive carboxylation. In CTP deficient cells, IDH1 inhibition suppresses lipogenesis from either glucose or glutamine, implicating IDH1 as a required component of fatty acid synthesis in states of CTP deficiency.
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15
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ROS homeostasis and metabolism: a critical liaison for cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e269. [PMID: 27811934 PMCID: PMC5133371 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that hypoxia and oxidative stress can control metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and other cells in tumor microenvironments and that the reprogrammed metabolic pathways in cancer tissue can also alter the redox balance. Thus, important steps toward developing novel cancer therapy approaches would be to identify and modulate critical biochemical nodes that are deregulated in cancer metabolism and determine if the therapeutic efficiency can be influenced by changes in redox homeostasis in cancer tissues. In this review, we will explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolic reprogramming of tumor microenvironments, the functional modulation of which may disrupt the effects of or may be disrupted by redox homeostasis modulating cancer therapy.
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