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Lee ZY, Lee WH, Lim JS, Ali AAA, Loo JSE, Wibowo A, Mohammat MF, Foo JB. Golgi apparatus targeted therapy in cancer: Are we there yet? Life Sci 2024; 352:122868. [PMID: 38936604 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking within the Golgi apparatus plays a pivotal role in the intracellular transportation of lipids and proteins. Dysregulation of this process can give rise to various pathological manifestations, including cancer. Exploiting Golgi defects, cancer cells capitalise on aberrant membrane trafficking to facilitate signal transduction, proliferation, invasion, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Despite the identification of several molecular signalling pathways associated with Golgi abnormalities, there remains a lack of approved drugs specifically targeting cancer cells through the manipulation of the Golgi apparatus. In the initial section of this comprehensive review, the focus is directed towards delineating the abnormal Golgi genes and proteins implicated in carcinogenesis. Subsequently, a thorough examination is conducted on the impact of these variations on Golgi function, encompassing aspects such as vesicular trafficking, glycosylation, autophagy, oxidative mechanisms, and pH alterations. Lastly, the review provides a current update on promising Golgi apparatus-targeted inhibitors undergoing preclinical and/or clinical trials, offering insights into their potential as therapeutic interventions. Significantly more effort is required to advance these potential inhibitors to benefit patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Hwei Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Sheng Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afiqah Ali Ajmel Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jason Siau Ee Loo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agustono Wibowo
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wang S, Ma X, Wang H. Golm1 facilitates the CaO2-DOPC-DSPE200-PEI -CsPbBr3 QDs -induced apoptotic death of hepatocytes through the stimulation of mitochondrial autophagy and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production through interactions with P53/Beclin-1/Bcl-2. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111076. [PMID: 38815669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a distinct physiological process that can have beneficial or deleterious effects in particular tissues. Prior research suggests that mitophagic activity can be triggered by CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs, yet the specific role that mitophagy plays in hepatic injury induced by CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs has yet to be established. Accordingly, in this study a series of mouse model- and cell-based experiments were performed that revealed the ability of CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs to activate mitophagic activity. Golm1 was upregulated in response to CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs treatment, and overexpressing Golm1 induced autophagic flux in the murine liver and hepatocytes, whereas knocking down Golm1 had the opposite effect. CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs were also able to Golm1 expression, in turn promoting the degradation of P53 and decreasing the half-life of this protein. Overexpressing Golm1 was sufficient to suppress the apoptotic death of hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo, whereas the knockdown of Golm1 had the opposite effect. The ability of Golm1 to promote p53-mediated autophagy was found to be associated with the disruption of Beclin-1 binding to Bcl-2, and the Golm1 N-terminal domain was determined to be required for p53 interactions, inducing autophagic activity in a manner independent of helicase activity or RNA binding. Together, these results indicate that inhibiting Golm1 can promote p53-dependent autophagy via disrupting Beclin-1 binding to Bcl-2, highlighting a novel approach to mitigating liver injury induced by CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan Province, China.
| | - Qinglong Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan Province, China
| | - Shengchao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan Province, China
| | - Xia Ma
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan Province, China.
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Amin N, Abbasi IN, Wu F, Shi Z, Sundus J, Badry A, Yuan X, Zhao BX, Pan J, Mi XD, Luo Y, Geng Y, Fang M. The Janus face of HIF-1α in ischemic stroke and the possible associated pathways. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105747. [PMID: 38657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the most devastating disease, causing paralysis and eventually death. Many clinical and experimental trials have been done in search of a new safe and efficient medicine; nevertheless, scientists have yet to discover successful remedies that are also free of adverse effects. This is owing to the variability in intensity, localization, medication routes, and each patient's immune system reaction. HIF-1α represents the modern tool employed to treat stroke diseases due to its functions: downstream genes such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell survival. Its role can be achieved via two downstream EPO and VEGF strongly related to apoptosis and antioxidant processes. Recently, scientists paid more attention to drugs dealing with the HIF-1 pathway. This review focuses on medicines used for ischemia treatment and their potential HIF-1α pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the interaction between HIF-1α and other biological pathways such as oxidative stress; however, a spotlight has been focused on certain potential signalling contributed to the HIF-1α pathway. HIF-1α is an essential regulator of oxygen balance within cells which affects and controls the expression of thousands of genes related to sustaining homeostasis as oxygen levels fluctuate. HIF-1α's role in ischemic stroke strongly depends on the duration and severity of brain damage after onset. HIF-1α remains difficult to investigate, particularly in ischemic stroke, due to alterations in the acute and chronic phases of the disease, as well as discrepancies between the penumbra and ischemic core. This review emphasizes these contrasts and analyzes the future of this intriguing and demanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Irum Naz Abbasi
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Javaria Sundus
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azhar Badry
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Mi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Maglica M, Kelam N, Perutina I, Racetin A, Rizikalo A, Filipović N, Kuzmić Prusac I, Mišković J, Vukojević K. Immunoexpression Pattern of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Human Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6829. [PMID: 38999938 PMCID: PMC11241479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal immunoexpression pattern of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) in normal human fetal kidney development (CTRL) and kidneys affected with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Human fetal kidneys (control, horseshoe, dysplastic, duplex, and hypoplastic) from the 18th to the 38th developmental week underwent epifluorescence microscopy analysis after being stained with antibodies. Immunoreactivity was quantified in various kidney structures, and expression dynamics were examined using linear and nonlinear regression modeling. The punctate expression of LC3B was observed mainly in tubules and glomerular cells, with dysplastic kidneys displaying distinct staining patterns. In the control group's glomeruli, LAMP2A showed a sporadic, punctate signal; in contrast to other phenotypes, duplex kidneys showed significantly stronger expression in convoluted tubules. GRP78 had a weaker expression in CAKUT kidneys, especially hypoplastic ones, while normal kidneys exhibited punctate staining of convoluted tubules and glomeruli. HSP70 staining varied among phenotypes, with dysplastic and hypoplastic kidneys exhibiting stronger staining compared to controls. Expression dynamics varied among observed autophagy markers and phenotypes, indicating their potential roles in normal and dysfunctional kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Maglica
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nela Kelam
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ilija Perutina
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anita Racetin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Azer Rizikalo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kuzmić Prusac
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josip Mišković
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Hou Q, Yuan J, Li S, Ma J, Li W, Zhang B, Zhao X, Zhang F, Ma Y, Zheng H, Wang H. Autophagic degradation of DHCR7 activates AKT3 and promotes sevoflurane-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in neonatal mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:304-316. [PMID: 38901498 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Repeated sevoflurane exposure in neonatal mice triggers neuroinflammation with detrimental effects on cognitive function. Yet, the mechanism of the sevoflurane-induced cytokine response is largely unknown. In this study, we reveal that 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated the sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction, including the decreased freezing time and fewer platform crossings, in the neonate mice. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) suppressed sevoflurane-induced expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitro. Moreover, sevoflurane activates IRF3, facilitating cytokine transcription in an AKT3-dependent manner. Mechanistically, sevoflurane-induced autophagic degradation of dehydrocholesterol-reductase-7 (DHCR7) resulted in accumulations of its substrate 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), mimicking the effect of sevoflurane on AKT3 activation and IRF3-driven cytokine expression. 3-MA significantly reversed sevoflurane-induced DHCR7 degradation, AKT phosphorylation, IRF3 activation, and the accumulation of 7-DHC in the hippocampal CA1 region. These findings pave the way for additional investigations aimed at developing novel strategies to mitigate postoperative cognitive impairment in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Junhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianhui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Fu X, Xiu Z, Xu Q, Yue R, Xu H. Interleukin-22 Alleviates Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis by Activating AKT/mTOR Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1691-1700. [PMID: 38466463 PMCID: PMC11098937 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal disorders; due to the lack of specific treatment, the treatment of acute pancreatitis, especially serious acute pancreatitis (SAP), is difficult and challenging. We will observe the changes of Interleukin -22 levels in acute pancreatitis animal models, and explore the mechanism of Interleukin -22 in acute pancreatitis. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the potential protective effect of Interleukin -22 on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and to explore its mechanism. METHODS Blood levels of amylase and lipase and Interleukin -22 were assessed in mice with acute pancreatitis. In animal model and cell model of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, the mRNA levels of P62 and Beclin-1 were determined using PCR, and the protein expression of P62, LC3-II, mTOR, AKT, p-mTOR, and p-AKT were evaluated through Western blot analysis. RESULTS Interleukin -22 administration reduced blood amylase and lipase levels and mitigated tissue damage in acute pancreatitis mice model. Interleukin -22 inhibited the relative mRNA levels of P62 and Beclin-1, and the Interleukin -22 group showed a decreased protein expression of LC3-II and P62 and the phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, we obtained similar results in the cell model of acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSION This study suggests that Interleukin -22 administration could alleviate pancreatic damage in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. This effect may result from the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, leading to the inhibition of autophagy. Consequently, Interleukin -22 shows potential as a treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Gastroenterology Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Zhigang Xiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Rui Yue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinic Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Núñez FJ, Banerjee K, Mujeeb AA, Mauser A, Tronrud CE, Zhu Z, Taher A, Kadiyala P, Carney SV, Garcia-Fabiani MB, Comba A, Alghamri MS, McClellan BL, Faisal SM, Nwosu ZC, Hong HS, Qin T, Sartor MA, Ljungman M, Cheng SY, Appelman HD, Lowenstein PR, Lahann J, Lyssiotis CA, Castro MG. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Autophagy Drives Mutant IDH1 Glioma Progression and Response to Radiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584091. [PMID: 38559270 PMCID: PMC10979892 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1; IDH1 R132H ) exhibits a gain of function mutation enabling 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production. 2HG inhibits DNA and histone demethylases, inducing epigenetic reprogramming and corresponding changes to the transcriptome. We previously demonstrated 2HG-mediated epigenetic reprogramming enhances DNA-damage response and confers radioresistance in mIDH1 gliomas harboring p53 and ATRX loss of function mutations. In this study, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data revealed human and mouse mIDH1 glioma neurospheres have downregulated gene ontologies related to mitochondrial metabolism and upregulated autophagy. Further analysis revealed that the decreased mitochondrial metabolism was paralleled by a decrease in glycolysis, rendering autophagy as a source of energy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Analysis of autophagy pathways showed that mIDH1 glioma cells exhibited increased expression of pULK1-S555 and enhanced LC3 I/II conversion, indicating augmented autophagy activity. This dependence is reflected by increased sensitivity of mIDH1 glioma cells to autophagy inhibition. Blocking autophagy selectively impairs the growth of cultured mIDH1 glioma cells but not wild-type IDH1 (wtIDH1) glioma cells. Targeting autophagy by systemic administration of synthetic protein nanoparticles packaged with siRNA targeting Atg7 (SPNP-siRNA-Atg7) sensitized mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation-induced cell death, resulting in tumor regression, long-term survival, and immunological memory, when used in combination with IR. Our results indicate autophagy as a critical pathway for survival and maintenance of mIDH1 glioma cells, a strategy that has significant potential for future clinical translation. One Sentence Summary The inhibition of autophagy sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation, thus creating a promising therapeutic strategy for mIDH1 glioma patients. Graphical abstract Our genetically engineered mIDH1 mouse glioma model harbors IDH1 R132H in the context of ATRX and TP53 knockdown. The production of 2-HG elicited an epigenetic reprogramming associated with a disruption in mitochondrial activity and an enhancement of autophagy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cell homeostasis related with cell survival under energetic stress and DNA damage protection. Autophagy has been associated with radio resistance. The inhibition of autophagy thus radio sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells and enhances survival of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice, representing a novel therapeutic target for this glioma subtype with potential applicability in combined clinical strategies.
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Brockmueller A, Buhrmann C, Shayan P, Shakibaei M. Calebin A modulates inflammatory and autophagy signals for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363947. [PMID: 38500879 PMCID: PMC10944933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with excessive cartilage degradation, inflammation, and decreased autophagy. Insufficient efficacy of conventional monotherapies and poor tissue regeneration due to side effects are just some of the unresolved issues. Our previous research has shown that Calebin A (CA), a component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), has pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects by modulating various cell signaling pathways. Whether CA protects chondrocytes from degradation and apoptosis in the OA environment (EN), particularly via the autophagy signaling pathway, is however completely unclear. Methods To study the anti-degradative and anti-apoptotic effects of CA in an inflamed joint, an in vitro model of OA-EN was created and treated with antisense oligonucleotides targeting NF-κB (ASO-NF-κB), and IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor (BMS-345541) or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and/or CA to affect chondrocyte proliferation, degradation, apoptosis, and autophagy. The mechanisms underlying the CA effects were investigated by MTT assays, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis in a 3D-OA high-density culture model. Results In contrast to OA-EN or TNF-α-EN, a treatment with CA protects chondrocytes from stress-induced defects by inhibiting apoptosis, matrix degradation, and signaling pathways associated with inflammation (NF-κB, MMP9) or autophagy-repression (mTOR/PI3K/Akt), while promoting the expression of matrix compounds (collagen II, cartilage specific proteoglycans), transcription factor Sox9, and autophagy-associated proteins (Beclin-1, LC3). However, the preventive properties of CA in OA-EN could be partially abrogated by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Discussion The present results reveal for the first time that CA is able to ameliorate the progression of OA by modulating autophagy pathway, inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes, suggesting that CA may be a novel therapeutic compound for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze Buhrmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Parviz Shayan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Lipid peroxidation products' role in autophagy regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:375-383. [PMID: 38182071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, which is responsible for removing damaged molecules, prevents their accumulation in cells, thus maintaining intracellular homeostasis. It is also responsible for removing the effects of oxidative stress, so its activation takes place during increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize all the available knowledge about the effect of protein modifications by lipid peroxidation products on autophagy activation and the impact of this interaction on the functioning of cells. This review shows that reactive aldehydes (including 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde), either directly or by the formation of adducts with autophagic proteins, can activate or prevent autophagy, depending on their concentration. This effect relates not only to the initial stages of autophagy, when 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde affect the levels of proteins involved in autophagy initiation and phagophore formation, but also to the final stage, degradation, when reactive aldehydes, by binding to the active center of cathepsins, inactivate their proteolytic functions. Moreover, this review also shows how little research exists on analyzing the impact of lipid peroxidation products and their protein adducts on autophagy. Such knowledge could be used in the therapy of diseases related to autophagy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069, Bialystok, Poland
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Rajput S, Malviya R, Uniyal P. Advancements in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of retinoblastoma. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024:S0008-4182(24)00031-0. [PMID: 38369298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a prevalent primitive intraocular malignancy in children, particularly in those younger than age 3 years. RB is caused by mutations in the RB1 gene. In developing countries, mortality rates for this type of cancer are still high, whereas industrialized countries have achieved a survival rate of >95%-98%. Untreated, the condition can be fatal, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis. The existing treatments primarily consist of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The detrimental effects of radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs have been documented as factors that contribute to increased mortality rates and negatively affect the quality of life for patients. MicroRNA (miRNA), a type of noncoding RNA, exerts a substantial influence on RB development and the emergence of treatment resistance by regulating diverse cellular processes. This review highlights recent developments in the involvement of miRNAs in RB. This encompasses the clinical significance of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of RB. Additionally, this paper examines the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in RB and explores potential therapeutic interventions. This paper provides an overview of the current and emerging treatment options for RB, focusing on recent studies investigating the application of different types of nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
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11
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Lai D, Wang D, Shao X, Qin J, Zhuang Q, Xu H, Xiao W. Comparative physiological and transcriptome analysis provide insights into the inhibitory effect of osthole on Penicillium choerospondiatis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105749. [PMID: 38225092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Blue mold induced by Penicillium choerospondiatis is a primary cause of growth and postharvest losses in the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica. There is an urgent need to explore novel and safe fungicides to control this disease. Here, we demonstrated osthole, a natural coumarin compound isolated from Cnidium monnieri, exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on mycelia growth, conidial germination rate and germ tube length of P. choerospondiatis, and effectively suppressed the blue mold development in postharvest fruit of P. emblica. The median effective concentration of osthole was 9.86 mg/L. Osthole treatment resulted in cellular structural disruption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and induced autophagic vacuoles containing cytoplasmic components in fungal cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that osthole treatment led to the differentially expressed genes mainly enriched in the cell wall synthesis, TCA cycle, glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, osthole treatment led to increase genes expression involved in peroxisome, autophagy and endocytosis. Particularly, the autophagy pathway related genes (PcATG1, PcATG3, PcATG15, PcATG27, PcYPT7 and PcSEC18) were prominently up-regulated by osthole. Summarily, these results revealed the potential antifungal mechanism of osthole against P. choerospondiatis. Osthole has potentials to develop as a natural antifungal agent for controlling blue mold disease in postharvest fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Lai
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Delin Wang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Shao
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Qin
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Marzoog BA. Autophagy Behavior in Endothelial Cell Regeneration. Curr Aging Sci 2024; 17:58-67. [PMID: 37861048 DOI: 10.2174/0118746098260689231002044435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining endothelial cell homeostasis through the turnover of intracellular components during stress conditions in a lysosomal-dependent manner. The regeneration strategy involves several aspects, including autophagy. Autophagy is a catabolic degenerative lysosomal-dependent degradation of intracellular components. Autophagy modifies cellular and subcellular endothelial cell functions, including mitochondria stress, lysosomal stress, and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Activation of common signaling pathways of autophagy and regeneration and enhancement of intracellular endothelial cell metabolism serve as the bases for the induction of endothelial regeneration. Endothelial progenitor cells include induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), embryonic stem cells, and somatic cells, such as fibroblasts. Future strategies of endothelial cell regeneration involve the induction of autophagy to minimize the metabolic degeneration of the endothelial cells and optimize the regeneration outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
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13
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Tsong H, Holzbaur ELF, Stavoe AKH. Aging Differentially Affects Axonal Autophagosome Formation and Maturation. Autophagy 2023; 19:3079-3095. [PMID: 37464898 PMCID: PMC10621248 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2236485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Misregulation of neuronal macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We compared autophagosome formation and maturation in primary murine neurons during development and through aging to elucidate how aging affects neuronal autophagy. We observed an age-related decrease in the rate of autophagosome formation leading to a significant decrease in the density of autophagosomes along the axon. Next, we identified a surprising increase in the maturation of autophagic vesicles in neurons from aged mice. While we did not detect notable changes in endolysosomal content in the distal axon during early aging, we did observe a significant loss of acidified vesicles in the distal axon during late aging. Interestingly, we found that autophagic vesicles were transported more efficiently in neurons from adult mice than in neurons from young mice. This efficient transport of autophagic vesicles in both the distal and proximal axon is maintained in neurons during early aging, but is lost during late aging. Our data indicate that early aging does not negatively impact autophagic vesicle transport nor the later stages of autophagy. However, alterations in autophagic vesicle transport efficiency during late aging reveal that aging differentially impacts distinct aspects of neuronal autophagy.Abbreviations: ACAP3: ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 3; ARF6: ADP-ribosylation factor 6; ATG: autophagy related; AVs: autophagic vesicles; DCTN1/p150Glued: dynactin 1; DRG: dorsal root ganglia; GAP: GTPase activating protein; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated protein 2; LysoT: LysoTracker; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPK8IP1/JIP1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1; MAPK8IP3/JIP3: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 3; mCh: mCherry; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Tsong
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erika LF Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea KH Stavoe
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Fernandes C, Casadevall A, Gonçalves T. Mechanisms of Alternaria pathogenesis in animals and plants. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad061. [PMID: 37884396 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria species are cosmopolitan fungi darkly pigmented by melanin that infect numerous plant species causing economically important agricultural spoilage of various food crops. Alternaria spp. also infect animals, being described as entomopathogenic fungi but also infecting warm-blooded animals, including humans. Their clinical importance in human health, as infection agents, lay in the growing number of immunocompromised patients. Moreover, Alternaria spp. are considered some of the most abundant and potent sources of airborne sensitizer allergens causing allergic respiratory diseases, as severe asthma. Among the numerous strategies deployed by Alternaria spp. to attack their hosts, the production of toxins, carrying critical concerns to public health as food contaminant, and the production of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, can be highlighted. Alternaria proteases also trigger allergic symptoms in individuals with fungal sensitization, acting as allergens and facilitating antigen access to the host subepithelium. Here, we review the current knowledge about the mechanisms of Alternaria pathogenesis in plants and animals, the strategies used by Alternaria to cope with the host defenses, and the involvement Alternaria allergens and mechanisms of sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Fernandes
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Wolfe Street, Room E5132, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Rocca C, Soda T, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Moccia F, Viglietto G, Angelone T, Amodio N. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the crossroad of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 37726810 PMCID: PMC10507834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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16
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Kim NY, Sethi G, Um JY, Ahn KS. Euphorbiasteroid Induces Apoptosis as Well as Autophagy through Modulating SHP-1/STAT3 Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13713. [PMID: 37762016 PMCID: PMC10531000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Euphorbiasteroid (EPBS) has gained attention for its activity against human lung cancer and sarcoma; however, its impact on hepatocellular carcinoma has not yet been elucidated. Here, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of EPBS on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We found that EPBS induced both apoptosis and autophagy in HCC cells. Additionally, we observed that EPBS treatment suppressed the constitutive as well as the inducible activation of a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein expression. Moreover, EPBS promoted the expression of SHP-1 protein and the production of reactive oxidative stress (ROS). Furthermore, the knockdown of SHP-1 by siRNA transfection reversed the effects of EPBS, which have inductive effects related to apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, EPBS can potentially function as an anti-cancer agent by inducing apoptosis and autophagy when targeting the SHP-1/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (N.Y.K.); (J.-Y.U.)
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (N.Y.K.); (J.-Y.U.)
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (N.Y.K.); (J.-Y.U.)
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17
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Zamli KM, Hashim F, Razali SA, Yusoff HM, Mohamad H, Abdullah F, Asari A. Synthesis, anti-amoebic activity and molecular docking simulation of eugenol derivatives against Acanthamoeba sp. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101703. [PMID: 37546528 PMCID: PMC10400915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba can cause diseases such as amoebic keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Until now, treatment options for these diseases have not been fully effective and have several drawbacks. Therefore, research into new drugs is needed for more effective treatment of Acanthamoeba infections. Eugenol, a phenolic aromatic compound mainly derived from cloves, has a variety of pharmaceutical properties. In this study, nine eugenol derivatives (K1-K9), consisting of five new and four known compounds, were synthesized and screened for their antiamoebic properties against Acanthamoeba sp. The structure of these compounds was characterized spectroscopically by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometer (MS). The derived molecules were screened for antiamoebic activity by determining IC50 values based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and observation of amoeba morphological changes by light and fluorescence microscopy. Most of the tested compounds possessed strong to moderate cytotoxic effects against trophozoite cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.61 to 24.83 μg/mL. Observation of amoebae morphology by light microscopy showed that the compounds caused the transformed cells to be roundish and reduced in size. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy observation using acridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI) (AO/PI) staining showed that the cells have damaged membranes by displaying a green cytoplasm with orange-stained lysosomes. Acidification of the lysosomal structure indicated disruption of the internal structure of Acanthamoeba cells when treated with eugenol derivatives. The observed biological results were also confirmed by interaction simulations based on molecular docking between eugenol derivatives and Acanthamoeba profilin. These interactions could affect the actin-binding ability of the protein, disrupting the shape and mobility of Acanthamoeba. The overall results of this study demonstrate that eugenol derivatives can be considered as potential drugs against infections caused by Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunisa Mohd Zamli
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Hashim
- Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Razali
- Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Mohd Yusoff
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMa) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Biotechnology Marine, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Abdullah
- Phytochemistry Programme, Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asnuzilawati Asari
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMa) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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18
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Shen J, Ma M, Duan W, Huang Y, Shi B, Wu Q, Wei X. Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2015. [PMID: 37630575 PMCID: PMC10458732 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) reigns as a major cause of clinical candidiasis. C. albicans biofilms are known to increase resistance to antifungal agents, making biofilm-related infections particularly challenging to treat. Drug resistance is of particular concern due to the spread of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens, while autophagy is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of an activator and an inhibitor of autophagy on the susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents and the related mechanisms. The susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to different antifungal agents after treatment with or without the autophagy activator or inhibitor was evaluated using XTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, as well as the expression of ROS-related and autophagy-related genes, were examined to evaluate the autophagic activity of C. albicans biofilms when treated with antifungal agents. The autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents changed when autophagy changed. The ALP activity and ROS level of C. albicans biofilms increased with the treatment of antifungal agents, and autophagosomes could be observed in C. albicans biofilms. Autophagy was involved in the susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Shen
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Banruo Shi
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qiaochu Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
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19
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Zhu XM, Li L, Bao JD, Wang JY, Liang S, Zhao LL, Huang CL, Yan JY, Cai YY, Wu XY, Dong B, Liu XH, Klionsky DJ, Lin FC. MoVast2 combined with MoVast1 regulates lipid homeostasis and autophagy in Magnaporthe oryzae. Autophagy 2023; 19:2353-2371. [PMID: 36803211 PMCID: PMC10351449 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2181739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved biological process among eukaryotes that degrades unwanted materials such as protein aggregates, damaged mitochondria and even viruses to maintain cell survival. Our previous studies have demonstrated that MoVast1 acts as an autophagy regulator regulating autophagy, membrane tension, and sterol homeostasis in rice blast fungus. However, the detailed regulatory relationships between autophagy and VASt domain proteins remain unsolved. Here, we identified another VASt domain-containing protein, MoVast2, and further uncovered the regulatory mechanism of MoVast2 in M. oryzae. MoVast2 interacted with MoVast1 and MoAtg8, and colocalized at the PAS and deletion of MoVAST2 results in inappropriate autophagy progress. Through TOR activity analysis, sterols and sphingolipid content detection, we found high sterol accumulation in the ΔMovast2 mutant, whereas this mutant showed low sphingolipids and low activity of both TORC1 and TORC2. In addition, MoVast2 colocalized with MoVast1. The localization of MoVast2 in the MoVAST1 deletion mutant was normal; however, deletion of MoVAST2 leads to mislocalization of MoVast1. Notably, the wide-target lipidomic analyses revealed significant changes in sterols and sphingolipids, the major PM components, in the ΔMovast2 mutant, which was involved in lipid metabolism and autophagic pathways. These findings confirmed that the functions of MoVast1 were regulated by MoVast2, revealing that MoVast2 combined with MoVast1 maintained lipid homeostasis and autophagy balance by regulating TOR activity in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Dong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiong-Yi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Pathak U, Pal RB, Malik N. The Viral Knock: Ameliorating Cancer Treatment with Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1626. [PMID: 37629483 PMCID: PMC10455894 DOI: 10.3390/life13081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prospect of cancer treatment has drastically transformed over the last four decades. The side effects caused by the traditional methods of cancer treatment like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy through the years highlight the prospect for a novel, complementary, and alternative cancer therapy. Oncolytic virotherapy is an evolving treatment modality that utilizes oncolytic viruses (OVs) to selectively attack cancer cells by direct lysis and can also elicit a strong anti-cancer immune response. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) provides a very high safety profile compared to other oncolytic viruses. Extensive research worldwide concentrates on experimenting with and better understanding the underlying mechanisms by which oncolytic NDV can be effectively applied to intercept cancer. This review encapsulates the potential of NDV to be explored as an oncolytic agent and discusses current preclinical and clinical research scenarios involving various NDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Pathak
- Sir H.N. Medical Research Society, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, India
- Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Chembur, Mumbai 400071, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramprasad B. Pal
- Sir H.N. Medical Research Society, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nagesh Malik
- Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Chembur, Mumbai 400071, Maharashtra, India
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21
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Cayo A, Venturini W, Rebolledo-Mira D, Moore-Carrasco R, Herrada AA, Nova-Lamperti E, Valenzuela C, Brown NE. Palbociclib-Induced Cellular Senescence Is Modulated by the mTOR Complex 1 and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119284. [PMID: 37298236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite not dividing, senescent cells acquire the ability to synthesize and secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules, a feature known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In addition, senescent cells often upregulate autophagy, a catalytic process that improves cell viability in stress-challenged cells. Notably, this "senescence-related autophagy" can provide free amino acids for the activation of mTORC1 and the synthesis of SASP components. However, little is known about the functional status of mTORC1 in models of senescence induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors (e.g., Palbociclib), or the effects that the inhibition of mTORC1 or the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy have on senescence and the SASP. Herein, we examined the effects of mTORC1 inhibition, with or without concomitant autophagy inhibition, on Palbociclib-driven senescent AGS and MCF-7 cells. We also assessed the pro-tumorigenic effects of conditioned media from Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the inhibition of mTORC1, or with the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy. We found that Palbociclib-driven senescent cells display a partially reduced activity of mTORC1 accompanied by increased levels of autophagy. Interestingly, further mTORC1 inhibition exacerbated the senescent phenotype, a phenomenon that was reversed upon autophagy inhibition. Finally, the SASP varied upon inhibiting mTORC1, or upon the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy, generating diverse responses in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of non-senescent tumorigenic cells. Overall, variations in the SASP of Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the concomitant inhibition of mTORC1 seem to depend on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cayo
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Academic Vice Rectory, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Whitney Venturini
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Academic Vice Rectory, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Danitza Rebolledo-Mira
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Andrés A Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Claudio Valenzuela
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Nelson E Brown
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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22
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Doghish AS, Moustafa HAM, Elballal MS, Sarhan OM, Darwish SF, Elkalla WS, Mohammed OA, Atta AM, Abdelmaksoud NM, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Abdel Mageed SS, Elrebehy MA, Abdelfatah AM, Abulsoud AI. miRNAs as potential game-changers in retinoblastoma: Future clinical and medicinal uses. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154537. [PMID: 37216745 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare tumor in children, but it is the most common primitive intraocular malignancy in childhood age, especially those below three years old. The RB gene (RB1) undergoes mutations in individuals with RB. Although mortality rates remain high in developing countries, the survival rate for this type of cancer is greater than 95-98% in industrialized countries. However, it is lethal if left untreated, so early diagnosis is essential. As a non-coding RNA, miRNA significantly impacts RB development and treatment resistance because it can control various cellular functions. In this review, we illustrate the recent advances in the role of miRNAs in RB. That includes the clinical importance of miRNAs in RB diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in RB and therapeutic interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Omnia M Sarhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Wagiha S Elkalla
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Atta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | | | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
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23
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Themistokleous C, Bagnoli E, Parulekar R, M K Muqit M. Role of autophagy pathway in Parkinson's disease and related Genetic Neurological disorders. J Mol Biol 2023:168144. [PMID: 37182812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of the function of the PINK1 protein kinase and Parkin ubiquitin E3 ligase in the elimination of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) has provided unprecedented understanding of the mechanistic pathways underlying Parkinson's disease (PD). We provide a comprehensive overview of the general importance of autophagy in Parkinson's disease and related disorders of the central nervous system. This reveals a critical link between autophagy and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders and suggests that strategies to modulate mitophagy may have greater relevance in the CNS beyond PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Themistokleous
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Enrico Bagnoli
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Ramaa Parulekar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Miratul M K Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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24
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Wang J, Liu YM, Hu J, Chen C. Potential of natural products in combination with arsenic trioxide: Investigating cardioprotective effects and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114464. [PMID: 37060657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, clinical trials conducted worldwide have demonstrated the efficacy of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Currently, ATO has become the frontline treatments for patients with APL. However, its therapeutic applicability is severely constrained by ATO-induced cardiac side effects. Any cardioprotective agents that can ameliorate the cardiac side effects and allow exploiting the full therapeutic potential of ATO, undoubtedly gain significant attention. The knowledge and use of natural products for evidence-based therapy have grown rapidly in recent years. Here we discussed the potential mechanism of ATO-induced cardiac side effects and reviewed the studies on cardiac side effects as well as the research history of ATO in the treatment of APL. Then, We summarized the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of ATO-induced cardiac side effects. Based on the efficacy and safety of the natural product, it has a promising future in the development of cardioprotective agents against ATO-induced cardiac side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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25
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Saad El-Din S, Ahmed Rashed L, Saeed Mohamed D, Eissa M, Mohammad Raafat Hamed R, Elsayed Hussein R. Regulatory Role of circRNA-0067835 in Behcet Disease through Targeting Micro RNA-155: Implication of ATG1, AKT and MTOR. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 12:195-204. [PMID: 37724157 PMCID: PMC10505462 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.12.1.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Autophagy has been proven to contribute to maintaining eukaryotic cells' normal intracellular homeostasis, whereas autophagy malfunction may predispose to Behcet Disease (BD). The accumulation of the products of autophagic degradation as well as impairment in autophagic flux in cases with BD, may be attributed to dysregulated miRNA-155 expression. This study attempts to determine the contribution of circRNA-0067835 in miRNA-155-mediated modulation of the autophagy axis as well as to investigate its impact on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BD. Methods This study was carried out on 40 cases with BD and 40 healthy control subjects. The collection of serum samples was done before performing a real-time PCR to estimate the relative gene expression of ATG1, AKT, miRNA-155, mTOR, TAB2, and circRNA-0067835. Additionally, IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α serum levels were determined by ELISA. Results Behcet Disease (BD) patients had significantly upregulated circRNA-0067835, with subsequent downregulation of its target gene, miRNA-155 than controls (P<0.05). In addition, decreased miRNA-155 gene expression was correlated with significantly increased TAB2 gene expression levels in BD patients compared to the controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected in cases with BD than in controls. Conclusion The correlation between circRNA-0067835 and miRNA-155 fairly contributes to the regulation of cytokine production in BD via the modulation of autophagy. The investigation of the circRNA-0067835 and the microRNA-155 and their downstream adaptor molecules could be a potential therapeutic agent for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Saad El-Din
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Saeed Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mervat Eissa
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department. Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | | | - Rania Elsayed Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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26
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Marzoog BA. Endothelial cell autophagy in the context of disease development. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:16-24. [PMID: 36267005 PMCID: PMC9989784 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are the anatomical boundaries between the intravascular and extravascular space. Damage to ECs is catastrophic and induces endothelial cell dysfunction. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and involves dysregulation in the signaling pathways, membrane lipids ratio disturbance, cell-cell adhesion disturbance, unfolded protein response, lysosomal and mitochondrial stress, autophagy dysregulation, and oxidative stress. Autophagy is a lysosomal-dependent turnover of intracellular components. Autophagy was recognized early in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Autophagy is a remarkable patho (physiological) process in the cell homeostasis regulation including EC. Regulation of autophagy rate is disease-dependent and impaired with aging. Up-regulation of autophagy induces endothelial cell regeneration/differentiation and improves the function of impaired ones. The paper scrutinizes the molecular mechanisms and triggers of EC dysregulation and current perspectives for future therapeutic strategies by autophagy targeting.
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27
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Yang Y, Jin Y, Yin L, Liu P, Zhu L, Gao H. Sertaconazole nitrate targets IDO1 and regulates the MAPK signaling pathway to induce autophagy and apoptosis in CRC cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 942:175515. [PMID: 36669614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the third most frequently occurring malignant tumor worldwide. It is vital to identify novel, effective targeted treatments while considering side effects and drug resistance in the clinic. Recently, the tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indole-2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been widely reported to be overexpressed in CRC, indicating that blocking IDO1 with small-molecule inhibitors may be a promising approach to CRC treatment. In this study, the antifungal drug sertaconazole nitrate (STZ) was repurposed and showed antitumor activity, and therefore, its anticancer effect was further investigated in CRC cells. The SwissTargetPrediction analysis indicated that STZ binding to IDO1 was significantly and highly probable, and STZ was found to downregulate IDO1 in CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. STZ exhibited considerable antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 and RKO cells. Moreover, based on an RNA-seq analysis, STZ was shown to regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. We discovered that STZ suppressed tumor growth in an HCT116 nude mouse xenograft tumor model without causing evident cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our results reveal that STZ induces antitumor effects in CRC by inhibiting IDO1-modulated autophagy and apoptosis, providing a clue for repurposing STZ as a novel and potentially effective candidate medication for the future treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Linzhou Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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28
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Yang HL, Huang ST, Lyu ZH, Bhat AA, Vadivalagan C, Yeh YL, Hseu YC. The anti-tumor activities of coenzyme Q0 through ROS-mediated autophagic cell death in human triple-negative breast cells. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
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29
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Pujhari S, Heu CC, Brustolin M, Johnson RM, Kim D, Rasgon JL. Sindbis virus is suppressed in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti by ATG-6/Beclin-1 mediated activation of autophagy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526867. [PMID: 36778292 PMCID: PMC9915692 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical modulator of pathogen invasion response in vertebrates and invertebrates. However, how it affects mosquito-borne viral pathogens that significantly burden public health remains underexplored. To address this gap, we use a genetic approach to activate macroautophagy/autophagy in the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), infected with a recombinant Sindbis virus (SINV) expressing an autophagy activator. We first demonstrate a 17-amino acid peptide derived from the Ae. aegypti autophagy-related protein 6 (ATG-6/beclin-1-like protein) is sufficient to induce autophagy in C6/36 mosquito cells, as marked by lipidation of ATG-8 and puncta formation. Next, we engineered a recombinant SINV expressing this bioactive beclin-1-like peptide and used it to infect and induce autophagy in adult mosquitoes. We find that modulation of autophagy using this recombinant SINV negatively regulated production of infectious viruses. The results from this study improve our understanding of the role of autophagy in arboviruses in invertebrate hosts and also highlight the potential for the autophagy pathway to be exploited for arboviral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Pujhari
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Chan C. Heu
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Marco Brustolin
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rebecca M. Johnson
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT
| | - Donghun Kim
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Vector Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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30
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Kim YW, Bak SB, Lee WY, Bae SJ, Lee EH, Yang JH, Kim KY, Song CH, Kim SC, Yun UJ, Park KI. Systemic and molecular analysis dissect the red ginseng induction of apoptosis and autophagy in HCC as mediated with AMPK. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:479-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Yin J, Hu L, Han X, Chen L, Yu L, Lu Y. MiR -18a -5p aggravates homocysteine -induced myocardial injury via autophagy. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:24-33. [PMID: 36935174 PMCID: PMC10930558 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperhomocysteinaemia (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. MicroRNA (miR)-18a-5p is closely related to cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the effects of miR-18a-5p on homocysteine (Hcy)-induced myocardial cells injury. METHODS H9c2 cells were transfected with miR-18a-5p mimic/miR-18a-5p mimic negative control (NC) or combined with Hcy for intervention, and untreated cells were set as a control group. The transfection efficiency was verified by real-time RT-PCR, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, Beclin1, p62, Bax, Bcl-2, and Notch2. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the interaction of miR-18a-5p with Notch2. RESULTS Compared with the control, treatment with Hcy or transfection with miR-18a-5p mimic alone, or combined treatment with Hcy and miR-18a-5p mimic/miR-18a-5p mimic NC significantly reduced the H9c2 cell viability, promoted apoptosis and ROS production, up-regulated the expressions of Bax and Beclin, down-regulated the expressions of Bcl-2, p62, and Notch2, and increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I (all P<0.05). Compared with the combined intervention of miR-18a-5p mimic NC and Hcy group, the above indexes were more significantly changed in the combined intervention of miR-18a-5p mimic and Hcy group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05). There is a targeted binding between Notch2 and miR-18a-5p. CONCLUSIONS MiR-18a-5p could induce autophagy and apoptosis via increasing ROS production in cardiomyocytes, and aggravate Hcy-induced myocardial injury. Notch2 is a target of miR-18a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (First Affliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang 330006.
| | - Longlong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008
| | - Xueling Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (First Affliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang 330006
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (First Affliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang 330006
| | - Lingling Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, China
| | - Yinhui Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (First Affliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang 330006.
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32
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Meng M, Li X, Wang Z, Huo R, Ma N, Chang G, Shen X. A high-concentrate diet induces inflammatory injury via regulating Ca 2+/CaMKKβ-mediated autophagy in mammary gland tissue of dairy cows. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186170. [PMID: 37197665 PMCID: PMC10183583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β (CaMKKβ) is closely related to Ca2+ concentration. An increase in Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm activates CaMKKβ, and activated CaMKKβ affects the activities of AMPK and mTOR and induces autophagy. A high-concentrate diet leads to Ca2+ disorder in mammary gland tissue. Objectives Therefore, this study mainly investigated the induction of mammary gland tissue autophagy by a high-concentrate diet and the specific mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Material and Methods Twelve mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were fed with a 40% concentrate diet (LC) and a 60% concentrate diet (HC) for 3 weeks. At the end of the trial, rumen fluid, lacteal vein blood, and mammary gland tissue were collected. The results showed that the HC diet significantly decreased rumen fluid pH, with a pH lower than 5.6 for more than 3 h, indicating successfully induction of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). The mechanism of LPS-induced autophagy in BMECs was studied in vitro. First, the cells were divided into a Ctrl group and LPS group to study the effects of LPS on the concentration of Ca2+ and autophagy in BMECs. Then, cells were pretreated with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or CaMKKβ inhibitor (STO-609) to investigate whether the CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway is involved in LPS-induced BMEC autophagy. Results The HC diet increased the concentration of Ca2+ in mammary gland tissue and pro-inflammatory factors in plasma. The HC diet also significantly increased the expression of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy-related proteins, resulting in mammary gland tissue injury. In vitro cell experiments showed that LPS increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and upregulated protein expression of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy-related proteins. Compound C pretreatment decreased the expression of proteins related to autophagy and inflammation. In addition, STO-609 pretreatment not only reversed LPS-induced BMECs autophagy but also inhibited the protein expression of AMPK, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in BMECs. These results suggest that inhibition of the Ca2+/CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway reduces LPS-induced autophagy, thereby alleviating inflammatory injury of BMECs. Conclusion Therefore, SARA may increase the expression of CaMKKβ by increasing Ca2+ levels and activate autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby inducing inflammatory injury in mammary gland tissue of dairy cows.
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Pasko VI, Churkina AS, Shakhov AS, Kotlobay AA, Alieva IB. Modeling of Neurodegenerative Diseases: 'Step by Step' and 'Network' Organization of the Complexes of Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010604. [PMID: 36614047 PMCID: PMC9820769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have acquired the status of one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, which requires creating new model systems capable of accurately reproducing the mechanisms underlying these pathologies. Here we analyzed modern model systems and their contribution to the solution of unexplored manifestations of neuropathological processes. Each model has unique properties that make it the optimal tool for modeling certain aspects of neurodegenerative disorders. We concluded that to optimize research, it is necessary to combine models into complexes that include organisms and artificial systems of different organizational levels. Such complexes can be organized in two ways. The first method can be described as "step by step", where each model for studying a certain characteristic is a separate step that allows using the information obtained in the modeling process for the gradual study of increasingly complex processes in subsequent models. The second way is a 'network' approach. Studies are carried out with several types of models simultaneously, and experiments with each specific type are adjusted in conformity with the data obtained from other models. In our opinion, the 'network' approach to combining individual model systems seems more promising for fundamental biology as well as diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Sergeevna Churkina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–73, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Sergeevich Shakhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Alexeevich Kotlobay
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Borisovna Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Prophylaxis of posterior capsule opacification through autophagy activation with indomethacin-eluting intraocular lens. Bioact Mater 2022; 23:539-550. [PMID: 36514385 PMCID: PMC9729928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common long-term postoperative complication of cataract surgery, leading to secondary vision loss. Optimized intraocular lens (IOL) structure and appropriate pharmacological intervention, which provides physical barriers and biological inhibition, respectively, can block the migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) for PCO prophylaxis. Herein, a novel indomethacin-eluting IOL (INDOM-IOL) with an optimized sharper edge and a sustained drug release behavior was developed for PCO prevention. Indomethacin (INDOM), an ophthalmic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for postoperative ocular inflammation, was demonstrated to not only be able to suppress cell migration and down-regulate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and EMT markers, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cyclin D1, but also promote the autophagy activation in LECs. Additionally, autophagy was also verified to be a potential therapeutic target for the down-regulation of EMT in LECs. The novel IOL, serving as a drug delivery platform, could carry an adjustable dose of hydrophobic indomethacin with sustained drug release ability for more than 28 days. In the rabbit PCO model, the indomethacin-eluting IOL showed excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-PCO effects. In summary, indomethacin is an effective pharmacological intervention in PCO prophylaxis, and the novel IOL we developed prevented PCO in vivo under its sustained indomethacin release property, which provided a promising approach for PCO prophylaxis in clinical application.
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Zeng Y, Ren WQ, Wen AZ, Zhang W, Fan FY, Chen OY. Autophagy and pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:1101-1108. [PMID: 35043747 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.2024810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Dysregulation of autophagy may have a huge effect on cardiac hypertrophy induced by overload pressure although reports on autophagy and cardiac hypertrophy have been contradictory. Some studies showed that autophagy activation attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. However, others suggested that inhibition of autophagy would be protective. Different research models or different pathways involved could be responsible for it. Cardiac hypertrophy may be alleviated through regulation of autophagy. This review aims to highlight the pathways and therapeutic targets identified in the prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy by regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Wei-Qiong Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Ai-Zhen Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Ou-Ying Chen
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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Huang C, Li L, Wang L, Bao J, Zhang X, Yan J, Wu J, Cao N, Wang J, Zhao L, Liu X, Yu X, Zhu X, Lin F. The Amino Acid Permease MoGap1 Regulates TOR Activity and Autophagy in Magnaporthe oryzae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13663. [PMID: 36362450 PMCID: PMC9655246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is an important food crop all over the world. It can be infected by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which results in a significant reduction in rice yield. The infection mechanism of M. oryzae has been an academic focus for a long time. It has been found that G protein, AMPK, cAMP-PKA, and MPS1-MAPK pathways play different roles in the infection process. Recently, the function of TOR signaling in regulating cell growth and autophagy by receiving nutritional signals generated by plant pathogenic fungi has been demonstrated, but its regulatory mechanism in response to the nutritional signals remains unclear. In this study, a yeast amino acid permease homologue MoGap1 was identified and a knockout mutant of MoGap1 was successfully obtained. Through a phenotypic analysis, a stress analysis, autophagy flux detection, and a TOR activity analysis, we found that the deletion of MoGap1 led to a sporulation reduction as well as increased sensitivity to cell wall stress and carbon source stress in M. oryzae. The ΔMogap1 mutant showed high sensitivity to the TOR inhibitor rapamycin. A Western blot analysis further confirmed that the TOR activity significantly decreased, which improved the level of autophagy. The results suggested that MoGap1, as an upstream regulator of TOR signaling, regulated autophagy and responded to adversities such as cell wall stress by regulating the TOR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Jiongyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Na Cao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 310007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xueming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 310007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wu P, Choo CYL, Lu H, Wei X, Chen Y, Yago JI, Chung K. Pexophagy is critical for fungal development, stress response, and virulence in Alternaria alternata. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1538-1554. [PMID: 35810316 PMCID: PMC9452759 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria alternata can resist high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The protective roles of autophagy or autophagy-mediated degradation of peroxisomes (termed pexophagy) against oxidative stress remain unclear. The present study, using transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy coupled with a GFP-AaAtg8 proteolysis assay and an mCherry tagging assay with peroxisomal targeting tripeptides, demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and nitrogen depletion induced autophagy and pexophagy. Experimental evidence showed that H2 O2 triggered autophagy and the translocation of peroxisomes into the vacuoles. Mutational inactivation of the AaAtg8 gene in A. alternata led to autophagy impairment, resulting in the accumulation of peroxisomes, increased ROS sensitivity, and decreased virulence. Compared to the wild type, ΔAaAtg8 failed to detoxify ROS effectively, leading to ROS accumulation. Deleting AaAtg8 down-regulated the expression of genes encoding an NADPH oxidase and a Yap1 transcription factor, both involved in ROS resistance. Deleting AaAtg8 affected the development of conidia and appressorium-like structures. Deleting AaAtg8 also compromised the integrity of the cell wall. Reintroduction of a functional copy of AaAtg8 in the mutant completely restored all defective phenotypes. Although ΔAaAtg8 produced wild-type toxin levels in axenic culture, the mutant induced a lower level of H2 O2 and smaller necrotic lesions on citrus leaves. In addition to H2 O2 , nitrogen starvation triggered peroxisome turnover. We concluded that ΔAaAtg8 failed to degrade peroxisomes effectively, leading to the accumulation of peroxisomes and the reduction of the stress response. Autophagy-mediated peroxisome turnover could increase cell adaptability and survival under oxidative stress and starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Ching Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Celine Yen Ling Choo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yu Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Xian‐Yong Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Kun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Jonar I. Yago
- Plant Science Department, College of AgricultureNueva Vizcaya State UniversityBayombongPhilippines
| | - Kuang‐Ren Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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Yu Q, Liu JX, Zheng X, Yan X, Zhao P, Yin C, Li W, Song Z. Sox9 mediates autophagy-dependent vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and transplant arteriosclerosis. iScience 2022; 25:105161. [PMID: 36204267 PMCID: PMC9531173 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Yu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin-Xin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xichuan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xueke Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuanzheng Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Corresponding author
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Parmar UM, Jalgaonkar MP, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. Autophagy-nutrient sensing pathways in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106408. [PMID: 35988870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has been increasing in recent decades which is affecting the population of both, developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with micro and macrovascular complications which predominantly result from hyperglycemia and disrupted metabolic pathways. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, formation of misfolded and abnormal proteins, and disruption of normal cellular functioning. The inability to maintain metabolic homeostasis under excessive energy and nutrient input, which induces insulin resistance, is a crucial feature during the transition from obesity to diabetes. According to various study reports, redox alterations, intracellular stress and chronic inflammation responses have all been linked to dysregulated energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Autophagy has been considered a cleansing mechanism to prevent these anomalies and restore cellular homeostasis. However, disrupted autophagy has been linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have reported that the regulation of autophagy has a beneficial role against these conditions. When there is plenty of food, nutrient-sensing pathways activate anabolism and storage, but the shortage of food activates homeostatic mechanisms like autophagy, which mobilises internal stockpiles. These nutrient-sensing pathways are well conserved in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of autophagy which includes SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK. The current review focuses on the role of SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK in regulating autophagy and suggests autophagy along with these nutrient-sensing pathways as potential therapeutic targets in reducing the progression of various diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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Protective Effect of Escitalopram on Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inducing Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169247. [PMID: 36012510 PMCID: PMC9408912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Although recent research has indicated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including escitalopram, have anticancer effects, little is known about the effects of escitalopram on HCC. Methods: Both in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to verify the potentials of escitalopram on HCC treatment. To explore whether the effects of escitalopram are clinically consistent with laboratory findings, a nationwide population-based cohort study was also adopted to examine the association between escitalopram and HCC risk. Results: As compared with THLE-3 cells, escitalopram significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. Specifically, escitalopram significantly induced autophagy in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells by increasing the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and the expression of ATG-3, ATG-5, ATG-7, and Beclin-1 proteins. Moreover, escitalopram significantly inhibited the growth of xenografted Huh-7 cells in SCID mice that were treated with 12.5 mg/kg escitalopram. Accordingly, the risk of HCC was negatively correlated with escitalopram use. Conclusions: These findings provided evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of escitalopram for HCC. Both laboratory and nationwide population-based cohort evidence demonstrated the attenuated effects of escitalopram on HCC.
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The cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis in breast carcinoma: implications for novel therapies? Biochem J 2022; 479:1581-1608. [PMID: 35904454 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is still the most common cancer in women worldwide. Resistance to drugs and recurrence of the disease are two leading causes of failure in treatment. For a more efficient treatment of patients, the development of novel therapeutic regimes is needed. Recent studies indicate that modulation of autophagy in concert with apoptosis induction may provide a promising novel strategy in breast cancer treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy are two tightly regulated distinct cellular processes. To maintain tissue homeostasis abnormal cells are disposed largely by means of apoptosis. Autophagy, however, contributes to tissue homeostasis and cell fitness by scavenging of damaged organelles, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Defects in autophagy promote tumorigenesis, whereas upon tumor formation rapidly proliferating cancer cells may rely on autophagy to survive. Given that evasion of apoptosis is one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells, inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis can negatively influence cancer cell survival and increase cell death. Hence, combination of antiautophagic agents with the enhancement of apoptosis may restore apoptosis and provide a therapeutic advantage against breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis and the diverse facets of autophagy in breast cancer cells leading to novel models for more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Kim D, Kim J, Yu YS, Kim YR, Baek SH, Won KJ. Systemic approaches using single cell transcriptome reveal that C/EBPγ regulates autophagy under amino acid starved condition. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7298-7309. [PMID: 35801910 PMCID: PMC9303372 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a catabolic process to remove unnecessary or dysfunctional organelles, is triggered by various signals including nutrient starvation. Depending on the types of the nutrient deficiency, diverse sensing mechanisms and signaling pathways orchestrate for transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of autophagy. However, our knowledge about nutrient type-specific transcriptional regulation during autophagy is limited. To understand nutrient type-dependent transcriptional mechanisms during autophagy, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in the mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with or without glucose starvation (GS) as well as amino acid starvation (AAS). Trajectory analysis using scRNAseq identified sequential induction of potential transcriptional regulators for each condition. Gene regulatory rules inferred using TENET newly identified CCAAT/enhancer binding protein γ (C/EBPγ) as a regulator of autophagy in AAS, but not GS, condition, and knockdown experiment confirmed the TENET result. Cell biological and biochemical studies validated that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is responsible for conferring specificity to C/EBPγ for the activation of autophagy genes under AAS, but not under GS condition. Together, our data identified C/EBPγ as a previously unidentified key regulator under AAS-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongha Kim
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Epigenetic Code and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Junil Kim
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Yu
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Epigenetic Code and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Kim
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Epigenetic Code and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Epigenetic Code and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chakravarti B, Rajput S, Raza S, Rajak S, Tewari A, Gupta P, Upadhyay A, Chattopadhyay N, Sinha RA. Lipoic acid blocks autophagic flux and impairs cellular bioenergetics in breast cancer and reduces stemness. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166455. [PMID: 35680107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang S, Zhang J, Chen D, Cao J, Zheng Y, Han Y, Jin Y, Wang S, Wang T, Ma L, Luo T, Wang Y, Qin W, Dong L. CARM1 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating TFE3 mediated autophagy enhancement through the cytoplasmic AMPK-mTOR and nuclear AMPK-CARM1-TFE3 signaling pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:102. [PMID: 35246137 PMCID: PMC8895580 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of CARM1 in tumors is inconsistent. It acts as an oncogene in most cancers but it inhibits the progression of liver and pancreatic cancers. CARM1 has recently been reported to regulate autophagy, but this function is also context-dependent. However, the effect of CARM1 on gastric cancer (GC) has not been studied. We aimed to explore whether CARM1 was involved in the progression of GC by regulating autophagy. METHODS The clinical values of CARM1 and autophagy in GC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and western blotting were employed to identify autophagy. The role of CARM1 in GC was investigated by CCK-8, colony formation and flow cytometry assays in vitro and a xenograft model in vivo. Immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the interaction of CARM1 and TFE3. RESULTS CARM1 was upregulated in clinical GC tissues and cell lines, and higher CARM1 expression predicted worse prognosis. CARM1 enhanced GC cell proliferation, facilitated G1-S transition and inhibited ER stress-induced apoptosis by regulating autophagy. Importantly, treatment with a CARM1 inhibitor rescued the tumor-promoting effects of CARM1 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CARM1 promoted TFE3 nuclear translocation to induce autophagy through the cytoplasmic AMPK-mTOR and nuclear AMPK-CARM1-TFE3 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION CARM1 promoted GC cell proliferation, accelerated G1-S transition and reduced ER stress-induced apoptosis by regulating autophagy. Mechanistically, CARM1 triggered autophagy by facilitating TFE3 nuclear translocation through the AMPK-mTOR and AMPK-CARM1-TFE3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Yang
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Han
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Shekou People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518067, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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Marzoog BA, Vlasova TI. Myocardiocyte autophagy in the context of myocardiocytes regeneration: a potential novel therapeutic strategy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The regeneration strategy involves several aspects, such as reprogramming aspects, targeting pathophysiological processes, and inducing the physiological one. Autophagy targeting is a potential physiological/pathogenetic strategy to enhance myocardiocytes' function. Myocardiocytes' injury-related death remains to be the highest in our era. Unfortunately, myocardiocytes have a limited proliferation capacity to compensate for what was lost by infarction. However, partially injured myocardiocytes can be preserved by improving the autophagy process of myocardiocytes.
Main text
Autophagy induction involved controlling the cellular and subcellular environment as well as gene expression. Autophagy is well known to prolong the longevity of cell and human life. Inhibition of the mTOR receptor, proapoptotic gene Bnip3, IP3, and lysosome inhibitors, inhibition of microRNA-22 and overexpression of microRNA-99a, modulators of activated protein kinase with adenosine monophosphate, resveratrol, sirtuin activators, Longevinex and calcium lowering agents can promote physiological myocardiocyte autophagy and improve post-myocardial modulation and recovery speed. The paper aimed to assess autophagy role in myocardiocytes regeneration modulation.
Conclusions
The autophagy strategy can be applied to infarcted myocardiocytes, as well as heart failure. However, cell self-eating is not the preferred therapy for preserving injured myocardiocytes or causing regeneration.
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Alhusaini AM, Fadda LM, Alanazi AM, Sarawi WS, Alomar HA, Ali HM, Hasan IH, Ali RA. Nano-Resveratrol: A Promising Candidate for the Treatment of Renal Toxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Rats Through Modulation of Beclin-1 and mTOR. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826908. [PMID: 35281939 PMCID: PMC8913579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although doxorubicin (DXR) is one of the most used anticancer drugs, it can cause life-threatening renal damage. There has been no effective treatment for DXR-induced renal damage until now. Aim: This work aims at examining the potential impact of nano-resveratrol (N-Resv), native resveratrol (Resv), and their combination with carvedilol (Card) against DXR-induced renal toxicity in rats and to investigate the mechanisms through which these antioxidants act to ameliorate DXR nephrotoxicity. Method: DXR was administered to rats (2 mg/kg, i.p.) twice weekly over 5 weeks. The antioxidants in question were taken 1 week before the DXR dose for 6 weeks. Results: DXR exhibited an elevation in serum urea, creatinine, renal lipid peroxide levels, endoglin expression, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and beclin-1. On the other hand, renal podocin and mTOR expression and GSH levels were declined. In addition, DNA fragmentation was markedly increased in the DXR-administered group. Treatment with either Resv or N-Resv alone or in combination with Card ameliorated the previously measured parameters. Conclusion: N-Resv showed superior effectiveness relative to Resv in most of the measured parameters. Histopathological examination revealed amelioration of renal structural and cellular changes after DXR by Card and N-Resv, thus validating the previous biochemical and molecular results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam M. Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ahlam M. Alhusaini,
| | - Laila M. Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad S. Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M. Ali
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman H. Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Ahmed Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Interleukin-17 promotes osteoclastogenesis and periodontal damage via autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108631. [PMID: 35219162 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because of its potent pro-inflammatory properties, interleukin-17 (IL-17) contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. This study explored the effects of IL-17 on osteoclastogenesis in an osteoclast monoculture and osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture system, as tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between osteoclastogenesis and autophagy. METHODS Various ratios of calvarial osteoblasts (OB) and osteoclast precursor cells (mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, hereinafter referred to as OC) were tested. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to detect the optimum osteoblasts:osteoclasts ratio. IL-17 was added to the co-culture system to test its effects on multinucleated osteoclast formation and osteoclast-related proteins. We assessed the effects of IL-17 on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblasts, and determined if IL-17 alone could modulate osteoclast formation in an osteoclast monoculture. Administration of exogenous RANKL combined with IL-17 was employed to stimulate RAW264.7 cells osteoclastogenesis and to determine production of osteoclasts and autophagy-related proteins. We knocked down Beclin1 expression in RAW264.7 cells and examined the expression of autophagy-related and osteoclast-related proteins in RAW264.7 cells and the co-culture system, and the TAK1-binding protein 3 (TAB3)/ extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. RESULTS A ratio of 20 OB : 1 OC yielded the highest rate of osteoclast formation. Low IL-17 concentrations increased osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures significantly, but high levels of IL-17 had the opposite effect. IL-17 alone could not induce formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells in RAW264.7 cells. Low IL-17 concentrations promoted osteoclast differentiation and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells induced by exogenous RANKL, but high IL-17 concentrations inhibited this process. Knockdown of Beclin1 reversed the enhanced effects of 0.1 ng/mL IL-17 on osteoclastogenesis and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. The TAB3/ERK pathway was also blocked after autophagy inhibition. CONCLUSION In the co-culture model used in this study, a ratio of 20 OB:1 OC proved to be the optimal ratio to facilitate osteoclast formation. IL-17 regulated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via autophagy. The Beclin1/TAB3/ERK pathway was involved in osteoclast autophagy.
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Huang L, Liu J, Bie C, Liu H, Ji Y, Chen D, Zhu M, Kuang W. Advances in cell death - related signaling pathways in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101783. [PMID: 34339873 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has been a hot spot in the field of liver disease research in recent years, with high morbidity, rapid course change and high mortality. Currently, there is the absence of specific treatment in clinical practice. Liver transplantation has the best therapeutic effect, but it is prone to have internal environment disorder and liver cell death after transplantation, which leads to the failure of transplantation.In recent years, with the development of molecular biology, scholars have explored the treatment of ACLF at the molecular level, and more and more molecular signaling pathways related to the treatment of ACLF have been discovered. Modulating the relevant signaling pathways to reduce the mortality of liver cells after transplantation may effectively improve the success rate of transplantation. In this review, we introduce some signaling pathways related to cell death and their research progress in acute-on-chronic liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518104, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou TCM University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caiqun Bie
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518104, China
| | - Helu Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518104, China
| | - Yichun Ji
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518104, China.
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Zadeh FA, Raji A, Ali SAJ, Abdelbasset WK, Alekhina N, Iswanto AH, Terefe EM, Jalil AT. Autophagy-related chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Prosthetic Materials Used for Implant-Supported Restorations and Their Biochemical Oral Interactions: A Narrative Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031016. [PMID: 35160962 PMCID: PMC8839238 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to outline relevant elements regarding the biochemical interactions between prosthetic materials used for obtaining implant-supported restorations and the oral environment. Implant-supported prostheses have seen unprecedented development in recent years, benefiting from the emergence of both new prosthetic materials (with increased biocompatibility and very good mechanical behavior), and computerized manufacturing technologies, which offer predictability, accuracy, and reproducibility. On the other hand, the quality of conventional materials for obtaining implant-supported prostheses is acknowledged, as they have already proven their clinical performance. The properties of PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate))-which is a representative interim material frequently used in prosthodontics-and of PEEK (polyether ether ketone)-a biomaterial which is placed on the border between interim and final prosthetic use-are highlighted in order to illustrate the complex way these materials interact with the oral environment. In regard to definitive prosthetic materials used for obtaining implant-supported prostheses, emphasis is placed on zirconia-based ceramics. Zirconia exhibits several distinctive advantages (excellent aesthetics, good mechanical behavior, biocompatibility), through which its clinical applicability has become increasingly wide. Zirconia's interaction with the oral environment (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, dental pulp cells, macrophages) is presented in a relevant synthesis, thus revealing its good biocompatibility.
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