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Gosain TP, Chugh S, Rizvi ZA, Chauhan NK, Kidwai S, Thakur KG, Awasthi A, Singh R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain with deletions in menT3 and menT4 is attenuated and confers protection in mice and guinea pigs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5467. [PMID: 38937463 PMCID: PMC11211403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes for a large repertoire of toxin-antitoxin systems. In the present study, MenT3 and MenT4 toxins belonging to MenAT subfamily of TA systems have been functionally characterized. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of these toxins inhibits bacterial growth and this is rescued upon co-expression of their cognate antitoxins. Here, we show that simultaneous deletion of menT3 and menT4 results in enhanced susceptibility of M. tuberculosis upon exposure to oxidative stress and attenuated growth in guinea pigs and mice. We observed reduced expression of transcripts encoding for proteins that are essential or required for intracellular growth in mid-log phase cultures of ΔmenT4ΔT3 compared to parental strain. Further, the transcript levels of proteins involved in efficient bacterial clearance were increased in lung tissues of ΔmenT4ΔT3 infected mice relative to parental strain infected mice. We show that immunization of mice and guinea pigs with ΔmenT4ΔT3 confers significant protection against M. tuberculosis infection. Remarkably, immunization of mice with ΔmenT4ΔT3 results in increased antigen-specific TH1 bias and activated memory T cell response. We conclude that MenT3 and MenT4 are important for M. tuberculosis pathogenicity and strains lacking menT3 and menT4 have the potential to be explored further as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannu Priya Gosain
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Saurabh Chugh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Chauhan
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Saqib Kidwai
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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Dabrowski KR, Daws SE. Morphine-Driven m6A Epitranscriptomic Neuroadaptations in Primary Cortical Cultures. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04219-z. [PMID: 38780720 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Opioid overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the United States and remains a major public health concern, despite significant resources aimed at combating opioid misuse. Neurobiological research to elucidate molecular and cellular consequences of opioid exposure is required to define avenues to explore for reversal of opioid-induced neuroadaptations. Opioids impart well-documented regulation of the transcriptome and epigenetic modifications in the brain, but opioid-induced epitranscriptomic posttranscriptional regulation of RNA is vastly understudied. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is significantly enriched in the brain and involved in learning, memory, and reward. m6A modifications have not been studied in opioid use disorder, despite being the most common RNA modification. We detected significant regulation of m6A-modifying enzymes in rat primary cortical cultures following morphine treatment, including AlkB Homolog 5 (Alkbh5). The m6a demethylase ALKBH5 functions as an m6A eraser, removing m6A modifications from mRNA. We hypothesized that chronic opioid treatment regulates m6A modifications through modulation of Alkbh5 and profiled m6A modifications in primary cortical cultures following chronic morphine treatment and Alkbh5 knock-down. We observed differential regulation of m6A modifications for a common set of transcripts following morphine or Alkbh5 knock-down, and the two treatments elicited concordant m6A epitranscriptomic profiles, suggesting that a subset of morphine-driven m6A modifications may be mediated through downregulation of Alkbh5 in cortical cultures. Gene Ontology terms of commonly regulated transcripts included serotonin secretion, synapse disassembly, neuron remodeling, and immune response. Thus, we conclude that morphine can drive epitranscriptomic changes, a subset of which may occur in an Alkbh5-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad R Dabrowski
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie E Daws
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Lai H, Lyu M, Ruan H, Liu Y, Liu T, Lei S, Xiao Y, Zhang S, Ying B. Large-scale analysis reveals splicing biomarkers for tuberculosis progression and prognosis. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108187. [PMID: 38402840 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant alternative splicing (AS) may play an important role in tuberculosis (TB). However, current knowledge regarding the value of AS in TB progression and prognosis remains unclear. METHOD Public RNA-seq datasets related to TB progression and prognosis were searched and AS analyses were conducted based on SUPPA2. Percent spliced in (PSI) was used for quantifying AS events and multiple machine learning (ML) methods were employed to construct predictive models. Area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated to evaluate the model performance. RESULTS A total of 1587 samples from 7 datasets were included. Among 923 TB-progression related differential AS events (DASEs), 3 events (GET1-skipping exon (SE), TPD52-alternative first exons (AF) and TIMM10-alternative 5' splice site (A5)) were selected as candidate biomarkers; however, their predictive performance was limited. For TB prognosis, 5 events (PHF23-AF, KIF1B-SE, MACROD2-alternative 3' splice site (A3), CD55-retained intron (RI) and GALNT11-AF) were selected as candidates from the 1282 DASEs. Six ML methods were used to integrate these 5 events and XGBoost outperformed than others. AUC, sensitivity and specificity of XGBoost model were 0.875, 81.1% and 83.5% in training set, while they were 0.805, 68.4% and 73.2% in test set. CONCLUSION GET1-SE, TPD52-AF and TIMM10-A5 showed limited role in predicting TB progression, while PHF23-AF, KIF1B-SE, MACROD2-A3, CD55-RI and GALNT11-AF could well predict TB prognosis and work as candidate biomarkers. This work preliminarily explored the value of AS in predicting TB progression and prognosis and offered potential targets for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China; West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Hongxia Ruan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China; West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Tangyuheng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Shuting Lei
- West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China.
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Frigault MM, Mithal A, Wong H, Stelte-Ludwig B, Mandava V, Huang X, Birkett J, Johnson AJ, Izumi R, Hamdy A. Enitociclib, a Selective CDK9 Inhibitor, Induces Complete Regression of MYC+ Lymphoma by Downregulation of RNA Polymerase II Mediated Transcription. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2268-2279. [PMID: 37882668 PMCID: PMC10634346 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Double-hit diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DH-DLBCL) is an aggressive, and often refractory, type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by rearrangements in MYC and BCL2. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) regulates transcriptional elongation and activation of transcription factors, including MYC, making it a potential targeted approach for the treatment of MYC+ lymphomas. Enitociclib is a well-tolerated and clinically active CDK9 inhibitor leading to complete metabolic remissions in 2 of 7 patients with DH-DLBCL treated with once weekly 30 mg intravenous administration. Herein, we investigate the pharmacodynamic effect of CDK9 inhibition in preclinical models and in blood samples from patients [DH-DLBCL (n = 10) and MYC+ NHL (n = 5)] treated with 30 mg i.v. once weekly enitociclib. Enitociclib shows significant regulation of RNA polymerase II Ser2 phosphorylation in a MYC-amplified SU-DHL-4 cell line and depletion of MYC and antiapoptosis protein MCL1 in SU-DHL-4 and MYC-overexpressing SU-DHL-10 cell lines in vitro. Tumor growth inhibition reaching 0.5% of control treated SU-DHL-10 xenografts is achieved in vivo and MYC and MCL1 depletion as well as evidence of apoptosis activation after enitociclib treatment is demonstrated. An unbiased analysis of the genes affected by CDK9 inhibition in both cell lines demonstrates that RNA polymerase II and transcription pathways are primarily affected and novel enitociclib targets such as PHF23 and TP53RK are discovered. These findings are recapitulated in blood samples from enitociclib-treated patients; while MYC downregulation is most robust with enitociclib treatment, other CDK9-regulated targets may be MYC independent delivering a transcriptional downregulation via RNA polymerase II. SIGNIFICANCE MYC+ lymphomas are refractory to standard of care and novel treatments that downregulate MYC are needed. The utility of enitociclib, a selective CDK9 inhibitor in this patient population, is demonstrated in preclinical models and patients. Enitociclib inhibits RNA polymerase II function conferring a transcriptional shift and depletion of MYC and MCL1. Enitociclib intermittent dosing downregulates transcription factors including MYC, providing a therapeutic window for durable responses in patients with MYC+ lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Huang
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, California
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Sallam AM, Reyer H, Wimmers K, Bertolini F, Aboul-Naga A, Braz CU, Rabee AE. Genome-wide landscape of runs of homozygosity and differentiation across Egyptian goat breeds. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:573. [PMID: 37752425 PMCID: PMC10521497 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genomic features of livestock is essential for successful breeding programs and conservation. This information is scarce for local goat breeds in Egypt. In the current study, genomic regions with selection signatures were identified as well as runs of homozygosity (ROH), genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) and fixation index (FST) were detected in Egyptian Nubian, Damascus, Barki and Boer goat breeds. A total of 46,268 SNP markers and 337 animals were available for the genomic analyses. On average, 145.44, 42.02, 87.90 and 126.95 ROHs were detected per individual in the autosomal genome of the respective breeds. The mean accumulative ROH lengths ranged from 46.5 Mb in Damascus to 360 Mb in Egyptian Nubian. The short ROH segments (< 2 Mb) were most frequent in all breeds, while the longest ROH segments (> 16 Mb) were exclusively found in the Egyptian Nubian. The highest average FROH was observed in Egyptian Nubian (~ 0.12) followed by Boer (~ 0.11), while the lowest FROH was found in Damascus (~ 0.05) and Barki breed (~ 0.03). The estimated mean FST was 0.14 (Egyptian Nubian and Boer), 0.077 (Egyptian Nubian and Barki), 0.075 (Egyptian Nubian and Damascus), 0.071 (Barki and Boer), 0.064 (Damascus and Boer), and 0.015 (Damascus and Barki), for each pair of breeds. Interestingly, multiple SNPs that accounted for high FST values were observed on chromosome 6 in regions harboring ALPK1 and KCNIP4. Genomic regions overlapping both FST and ROH harbor genes related to immunity (IL4R, PHF23, GABARAP, GPS2, and CD68), reproduction (SPATA2L, TNFSF12, TMEM95, and RNF17), embryonic development (TCF25 and SOX15) and adaptation (MC1R, KDR, and KIT), suggesting potential genetic adaptations to local environmental conditions. Our results contribute to the understanding of the genetic architecture of different goat breeds and may provide valuable information for effective preservation and breeding programs of local goat breeds in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Sallam
- Animal and Poultry Breeding Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adel Aboul-Naga
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Camila U Braz
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Emara Rabee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1207 Gregory Dr, Urbana, 61801, USA
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Cheng M, Cao H, Yao P, Guan J, Wu P, Ji H, Jiang S, Yuan Y, Fu L, Zheng Q, Li Q. PHF23 promotes NSCLC proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance via stabilization of ACTN4 and activation of the ERK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:558. [PMID: 37626047 PMCID: PMC10457402 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for NSCLC. However, the emergence of chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles to lung cancer treatment. Plant homologous structural domain finger protein 23 (PHF23) plays crucial roles in multiple cell fates. However, the clinical significance and biological role of PHF23 in NSCLC remain elusive. The Cancer Genome Atlas data mining, NCBI/GEO data mining, and western blotting analysis were employed to characterize the expression of PHF23 in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Statistical analysis of immunohistochemistry and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database were used to investigate the clinical significance of PHF23. A series of in vivo and in vitro assays, including assays for colony formation, cell viability, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU incorporation) and Transwell migration, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, gene set enrichment analysis, co-immunoprecipitation analysis, and a xenograft tumor model, were performed to demonstrate the effects of PHF23 on the chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. PHF23 is overexpressed in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. High PHF23 levels correlate with short survival times and a poor response to chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. PHF23 overexpression facilitates cell proliferation, migration and sensitizes NSCLC cells to Cisplatin and Docetaxel by promoting DNA damage repair. Alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4), as a downstream regulator, interacts with PHD domain of PHF23. Moreover, PHF23 is involved in ACTN4 stabilization by inhibiting its ubiquitination level. These results show that PHF23 plays an important role in the development and progression of NSCLC and suggest that PHF23 may serve as a therapeutic target in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Cao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifeng Yao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Central Hospital affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqian Guan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihong Wu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairu Ji
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, 067000, Chengde, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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The Plant Homeodomain Protein Clp1 Regulates Fungal Development, Virulence, and Autophagy Homeostasis in Magnaporthe oryzae. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0102122. [PMID: 36036638 PMCID: PMC9602895 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01021-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a serious threat to global grain yield and food security. Cti6 is a nuclear protein containing a plant homeodomain (PHD) that is involved in transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The biological function of its homologous protein in M. oryzae has been elusive. Here, we report Clp1 with a PHD domain in M. oryzae, a homologous protein of the yeast Cti6. Clp1 was mainly located in the nucleus and partly in the vesicles. Clp1 colocalized and interacted with the autophagy-related proteins Atg5, Atg7, Atg16, Atg24, and Atg28 at preautophagosomal structures (PAS) and autophagosomes, and the loss of Clp1 increased the fungal background autophagy level. Δclp1 displayed reduced hyphal growth and hyperbranching, abnormal fungal morphology (including colony, spore, and appressorium), hindered appressorial glycogen metabolism and turgor production, weakened plant infection, and decreased virulence. The PHD is indispensable for the function of Clp1. Therefore, this study revealed that Clp1 regulates development and pathogenicity by maintaining autophagy homeostasis and affecting gene transcription in M. oryzae. IMPORTANCE The fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae causes serious diseases of grasses such as rice and wheat. Autophagy plays an indispensable role in the pathogenic process of M. oryzae. Here, we report a Cti6-like protein, Clp1, that is involved in fungal development and infection of plants through controlling autophagy homeostasis in the cytoplasm and gene transcription in the nucleus in M. oryzae. This study will help us to understand an elaborated molecular mechanism of autophagy, gene transcription, and virulence in the rice blast fungus.
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Maimaitijuma T, Yu JH, Ren YL, Yang X, Liu H, Meng ZC, Wang R, Cui YP, Wu H, Pan LP, Jiao Y, Chen YY, Cao YP. PHF23 negatively regulates the autophagy of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. Life Sci 2020; 253:117750. [PMID: 32380078 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main cause of disability and joint replacement surgery in the elderly. As a crucial cell survival mechanism, autophagy has been reported to decrease in OA. PHF23 is a new autophagy inhibitor which was first reported by us previously. This study aimed to explore the anti-autophagic mechanism of PHF23 to make it a possible therapeutic target of OA. MAIN METHOD Lentiviral vectors specific to PHF23 were used on chondrocytes (C28/I2) to establish PHF23 overexpressed or knockdown stable cell strains. Interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/mL) and chloroquine (CQ, 25 uM) were used as an inducer of OA and inhibitor of lysosome, respectively. Autophagy was evaluated by autophagosome formation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot analysis of P62 and LC3B on different groups of cells. Effects of PHF23 on OA were evaluated by collagen II immunofluorescent staining and western blot analysis of OA-associated proteins MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Effects of PHF23 on AMPK and mTOR/S6K pathways and mitophagy were determined by western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS Knockdown of PHF23 enhanced IL-1β-induced autophagy, while overexpression of PHF23 exerted the opposite effect. Knockdown of PHF23 protected chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced OA by decreasing the levels of OA-associated proteins and increasing expression of Collagen II. Knockdown of PHF23 also increased mitophagy level and altered the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, mTOR, and S6K. SIGNIFICANCE PHF23 downregulates autophagy, mitophagy in IL-1β-induced OA-like chondrocytes and alters the activities of AMPK and mTOR/S6K, which suggests that PHF23 may be a possible therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Ren
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Meng
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Peng Cui
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Pan
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ping Cao
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Plant homeodomain finger protein 23 inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:2581-2587. [PMID: 31592908 PMCID: PMC6846253 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant homeodomain finger protein 23 (PHF23) is a novel autophagy inhibitor gene that has been few studied with respect to orthopedics. This study was to investigate the expression of PHF23 in articular cartilage and synovial tissue, and analyze the relationship between PHF23 and chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were applied to show the expression of PHF23 in cartilage of different outbridge grades and synovial tissue of patient with OA and healthy control. The normal human chondrocyte pre-treated with rapamycin or 3-methyladenine, treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β induced expression level of PHF23 and autophagy-related proteins light chain 3B-I (LC3B-I), LC3B-II, and P62, were examined by Western blot. A PHF23 gene knock-down model was constructed with small interfering RNA. Western blot was performed to detect the efficiency of PHF23 and the impact of PHF23 knockout on IL-1β-induced expression of autophagy-related and apoptotic-related proteins in chondrocyte. RESULTS The expression of PHF23 was significantly increased in the high-grade cartilage and synovial tissue of patients with OA. The IL-1β-induced expression of PHF23 was gradually enhanced with time. The level of LC3B-II, P62 changed with time. After knockdown of PHF23, the level of autophagy-related proteins increased and apoptotic-related proteins decreased in IL-1β-induced OA-like chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS The expression of PHF23 increased in human OA cartilage and synovium, and was induced by IL-1β through inflammatory stress. PHF23 can suppress autophagy of chondrocytes, and accelerate apoptosis.
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Joshi V, Upadhyay A, Prajapati VK, Mishra A. How autophagy can restore proteostasis defects in multiple diseases? Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1385-1439. [PMID: 32043639 DOI: 10.1002/med.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular evolution develops several conserved mechanisms by which cells can tolerate various difficult conditions and overall maintain homeostasis. Autophagy is a well-developed and evolutionarily conserved mechanism of catabolism, which endorses the degradation of foreign and endogenous materials via autolysosome. To decrease the burden of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy also promotes the selective degradation of proteins in a tightly regulated way to improve the physiological balance of cellular proteostasis that may get perturbed due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. However, the diverse as well as selective clearance of unwanted materials and regulations of several cellular mechanisms via autophagy is still a critical mystery. Also, the failure of autophagy causes an increase in the accumulation of harmful protein aggregates that may lead to neurodegeneration. Therefore, it is necessary to address this multifactorial threat for in-depth research and develop more effective therapeutic strategies against lethal autophagy alterations. In this paper, we discuss the most relevant and recent reports on autophagy modulations and their impact on neurodegeneration and other complex disorders. We have summarized various pharmacological findings linked with the induction and suppression of autophagy mechanism and their promising preclinical and clinical applications to provide therapeutic solutions against neurodegeneration. The conclusion, key questions, and future prospectives sections summarize fundamental challenges and their possible feasible solutions linked with autophagy mechanism to potentially design an impactful therapeutic niche to treat neurodegenerative diseases and imperfect aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
| | - Vijay K Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
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11
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Chen G, Du C, Shen Z, Peng L, Xie H, Zang R, Li H, Xia Y, Tang W. MicroRNA-939 inhibits cell proliferation via targeting LRSAM1 in Hirschsprung's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 9:2471-2479. [PMID: 29253842 PMCID: PMC5764386 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a common digestive disease caused by impaired development of neural crest cells. Some studies have revealed the roles of microRNA (miRNA) in various diseases. But the function of miRNA in HSCR needs further investigation. Methods We adopted qRT-PCR and immunoblot analyses to explore the relative expression of miR-939 and LRSAM1 in 80 HSCR bowel tissues and 80 normal bowel tissues. CCK-8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the function of miR-939 by overexpression of miR-939 in 293T, SK-N-BE(2), SH-SY5Y cell lines. The direct connection between miR-939 and LRSAM1 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. We also investigated the autophagy level via immunoblot analyses. Results Mir-939 was significantly upregulated in HSCR tissues with decreased expression of LRSAM1. Overexpression of miR-939 suppressed cell proliferation without affecting cell apoptosis, cell cycle or cell migration. And LRSAM1 exerted similar function. Autophagy was impaired in HSCR tissues compared with control samples. Mir-939 did not inhibit the autophagy although it decreased the expression of LRSAM1. Conclusions Our study shows the potential function of mir-939 through regulating LRSAM1 in HSCR and infers that autophagy may also confer the risk of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chunxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ziyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Rujin Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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12
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Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Tumor-Associated Proteins in Human Gastric Cancer Cells Treated with Pectolinarigenin. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111596. [PMID: 30380781 PMCID: PMC6265996 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectolinarigenin (PEC), a natural flavonoid that is present in citrus fruits, has been reported to exhibit antitumor effects in several cancers. Though the mechanism of PEC-induced cytotoxicity effects has been documented, the proteomic changes that are associated with the cellular response to this flavonoid are poorly understood in gastric cancer cells. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis was performed to identify proteins associated with PEC-induced cell death in two human gastric cancer cell lines: AGS and MKN-28. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) revealed a total of 29 and 56 protein spots with significant alteration were screened in AGS and MKN-28 cells respectively. In total, 13 (AGS) and 39 (MKN28) proteins were successfully identified by mass spectrometry from the differential spots and they are known to be involved in signal transduction, apoptosis, transcription and translation, cell structural organization, and metabolism, as is consistent with multiple effects of PEC on tumor cells. Notably, novel target proteins like Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX4 (DDX4) and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LRSAM1 (LRSAM1) along with the commonly differential expressed proteins on both the cell lines that are treated with PEC were confirmed by immunoblotting. The DDX4 accelerates cell cycle progression by abrogating the G2 checkpoint when overexpressed in cancer cells, while the aberrant expression of LRSAM1 may be involved in the cancer pathology. Thus, proteomic analysis provides vital information about target proteins that are important for PEC-induced cell death in gastric cancer cells.
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13
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Bingol B. Autophagy and lysosomal pathways in nervous system disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:167-208. [PMID: 29729319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes for degradation. In its classically studied form, autophagy is a stress response induced by starvation to recycle building blocks for essential cellular processes. In addition, autophagy maintains basal cellular homeostasis by degrading endogenous substrates such as cytoplasmic proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles, as well as exogenous substrates such as bacteria and viruses. Given their important role in homeostasis, autophagy and lysosomal machinery are genetically linked to multiple human disorders such as chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiomyopathies, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple targets within the autophagy and lysosomal pathways offer therapeutic opportunities to benefit patients with these disorders. Here, I will summarize the mechanisms of autophagy pathways, the evidence supporting a pathogenic role for disturbed autophagy and lysosomal degradation in nervous system disorders, and the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Bingol
- Genentech, Inc., Department of Neuroscience, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco 94080, United States.
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14
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Subasi S, Altintas O, Kasap M, Guzel N, Akpinar G, Karaman S. Comparative proteomic analysis of amnion membrane transplantation and cross-linking treatments in an experimental alkali injury model. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:2563-2574. [PMID: 29170974 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, by using a two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis-based experimental approach, we aimed at understanding the nature of alkali injuries and the underlying mechanisms. A secondary aim was to compare the effects of cross-linking (CXL) and amnion membrane transplantation (AMT) on corneal protein compositions at the end of the early repair phase after injured with alkali. METHOD The right corneas of 24 rabbits were injured with a 1 N solution of NaOH. Groups were formed based on the adjuvant therapies as (1) healthy group, (2) control group, (3) CXL group, (4) AMT group. In addition to the therapies, a conventional medical treatment was applied to all groups. Left eyes were used as within-subject healthy corneas (1). The corneas were excised at day 21, and a comparative proteomic analysis was performed using 2D gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF. RESULT 2D gel electrophoresis revealed the presence seven protein spots whose abundance changed among the groups. Those proteins were SH3 domain-binding protein, plant homeodomain finger protein 23, S100 calcium binding protein A-11(S100 A11), keratin type 2 cytoskeletal 1 and 2, transketolase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted that the observed changes may be linked to a central metabolic pathway, transforming growth factor beta 1. Canonical pathway analysis focused our attention to two different pathways, namely nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repair pathway and non-oxidative branch of pentose phosphate pathway. CONCLUSION Our results shed some light onto the molecular mechanisms affected by alkali injury and adjuvant treatments. Further research is needed to propose medically significant target molecules that may be used for novel drug developments for alkali injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Subasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Körfez State Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ozgul Altintas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nil Guzel
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Karaman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Talya Medical Center, Antalya, Turkey
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15
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Haidar M, Timmerman V. Autophagy as an Emerging Common Pathomechanism in Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:143. [PMID: 28553203 PMCID: PMC5425483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) comprise a growing list of genetically heterogeneous diseases. With mutations in more than 80 genes being reported to cause IPNs, a wide spectrum of functional consequences is expected to follow this genotypic diversity. Hence, the search for a common pathomechanism among the different phenotypes has become the holy grail of functional research into IPNs. During the last decade, studies on several affected genes have shown a direct and/or indirect correlation with autophagy. Autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process, is required for the removal of cell aggregates, long-lived proteins and dead organelles from the cell in double-membraned vesicles destined for the lysosomes. As an evolutionarily highly conserved process, autophagy is essential for the survival and proper functioning of the cell. Recently, neuronal cells have been shown to be particularly vulnerable to disruption of the autophagic pathway. Furthermore, autophagy has been shown to be affected in various common neurodegenerative diseases of both the central and the peripheral nervous system including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review we provide an overview of the genes involved in hereditary neuropathies which are linked to autophagy and we propose the disruption of the autophagic flux as an emerging common pathomechanism. We also shed light on the different steps of the autophagy pathway linked to these genes. Finally, we review the concept of autophagy being a therapeutic target in IPNs, and the possibilities and challenges of this pathway-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Haidar
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
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16
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Hyun K, Jeon J, Park K, Kim J. Writing, erasing and reading histone lysine methylations. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e324. [PMID: 28450737 PMCID: PMC6130214 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 694] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are key epigenetic regulatory features that have important roles in many cellular events. Lysine methylations mark various sites on the tail and globular domains of histones and their levels are precisely balanced by the action of methyltransferases ('writers') and demethylases ('erasers'). In addition, distinct effector proteins ('readers') recognize specific methyl-lysines in a manner that depends on the neighboring amino-acid sequence and methylation state. Misregulation of histone lysine methylation has been implicated in several cancers and developmental defects. Therefore, histone lysine methylation has been considered a potential therapeutic target, and clinical trials of several inhibitors of this process have shown promising results. A more detailed understanding of histone lysine methylation is necessary for elucidating complex biological processes and, ultimately, for developing and improving disease treatments. This review summarizes enzymes responsible for histone lysine methylation and demethylation and how histone lysine methylation contributes to various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangbeom Hyun
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Transcription, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jongcheol Jeon
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Transcription, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kihyun Park
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Transcription, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Transcription, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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17
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Hu J, Li G, Qu L, Li N, Liu W, Xia D, Hongdu B, Lin X, Xu C, Lou Y, He Q, Ma D, Chen Y. TMEM166/EVA1A interacts with ATG16L1 and induces autophagosome formation and cell death. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2323. [PMID: 27490928 PMCID: PMC5108317 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the autophagosome is controlled by an orderly action of ATG proteins. However, how these proteins are recruited to autophagic membranes remain poorly clarified. In this study, we have provided a line of evidence confirming that EVA1A (eva-1 homolog A)/TMEM166 (transmembrane protein 166) is associated with autophagosomal membrane development. This notion is based on dotted EVA1A structures that colocalize with ZFYVE1, ATG9, LC3B, ATG16L1, ATG5, STX17, RAB7 and LAMP1, which represent different stages of the autophagic process. It is required for autophagosome formation as this phenotype was significantly decreased in EVA1A-silenced cells and Eva1a KO MEFs. EVA1A-induced autophagy is independent of the BECN1-PIK3C3 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3) complex but requires ATG7 activity and the ATG12–ATG5/ATG16L1 complex. Here, we present a molecular mechanism by which EVA1A interacts with the WD repeats of ATG16L1 through its C-terminal and promotes ATG12–ATG5/ATG16L1 complex recruitment to the autophagic membrane and enhances the formation of the autophagosome. We also found that both autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms contributed to EVA1A-induced cell death while inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis attenuated EVA1A-induced cell death. Overall, these findings provide a comprehensive view to our understanding of the pathways involved in the role of EVA1A in autophagy and programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Wuhan Union Hospital, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liujing Qu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Beiqi Hongdu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chentong Xu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaxin Lou
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qihua He
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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18
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Xia D, Qu L, Li G, Hongdu B, Xu C, Lin X, Lou Y, He Q, Ma D, Chen Y. MARCH2 regulates autophagy by promoting CFTR ubiquitination and degradation and PIK3CA-AKT-MTOR signaling. Autophagy 2016; 12:1614-30. [PMID: 27308891 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1192752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MARCH2 (membrane-associated RING-CH protein 2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is mainly associated with the vesicle trafficking. In the present study, for the first time, we demonstrated that MARCH2 negatively regulates autophagy. Our data indicated that overexpression of MARCH2 impaired autophagy, as evidenced by attenuated levels of LC3B-II and impaired degradation of endogenous and exogenous autophagic substrates. By contrast, loss of MARCH2 expression had the opposite effects. In vivo experiments demonstrate that MARCH2 knockout mediated autophagy results in an inhibition of tumorigenicity. Further investigation revealed that the induction of autophagy by MARCH2 deficiency was mediated through the PIK3CA-AKT-MTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that MARCH2 interacts with CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of CFTR, and inhibits CFTR-mediated autophagy in tumor cells. The functional PDZ domain of MARCH2 is required for the association with CFTR. Thus, our study identified a novel negative regulator of autophagy and suggested that the physical and functional connection between the MARCH2 and CFTR in different conditions will be elucidated in the further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xia
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Liujing Qu
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Ge Li
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Beiqi Hongdu
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Chentong Xu
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Lin
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yaxin Lou
- d Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Qihua He
- d Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Dalong Ma
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
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19
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Qu L, Li G, Xia D, Hongdu B, Xu C, Lin X, Chen Y. PRKCI negatively regulates autophagy via PIK3CA/AKT-MTOR signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:306-312. [PMID: 26792725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The atypical protein kinase C isoform PRKC iota (PRKCI) plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and carcinogenesis, and it has been shown to be a human oncogene. Here, we show that PRKCI overexpression in U2OS cells impaired functional autophagy in normal or cell stress conditions, as characterized by decreased levels of light chain 3B-II protein (LC3B-II) and weakened degradation of endogenous and exogenous autophagic substrates. Conversely, PRKCI knockdown by small interference RNA resulted in opposite effects. Additionally, we identified two novel PRKCI mutants, PRKCI(L485M) and PRKCI(P560R), which induced autophagy and exhibited dominant negative effects. Further studies indicated that PRKCI knockdown-mediated autophagy was associated with the inactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha/AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PIK3CA/AKT-MTOR) signaling. These data underscore the importance of PRKCI in the regulation of autophagy. Moreover, the finding may be useful in treating PRKCI-overexpressing carcinomas that are characterized by increased levels of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Beiqi Hongdu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chentong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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