1
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Zhang X, He A, Zong Y, Tian H, Zhang Z, Zhao K, Xu X, Chen H. Improvement of protein production in baculovirus expression vector system by removing a total of 10 kb of nonessential fragments from Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171500. [PMID: 37125202 PMCID: PMC10133524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is a powerful and versatile platform for recombinant protein production in insect cells. As the most frequently used baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) encodes 155 open reading frames (ORFs), including a considerable number of non-essential genes for the virus replication in cell culture. Studies have shown that protein production in BEVS can be improved by removing some viral dispensable genes, and these AcMNPV vectors also offer the possibility of accommodating larger exogenous gene fragments. In this study, we, respectively, deleted 14 DNA fragments from AcMNPV genome, each of them containing at least two contiguous genes that were known nonessential for viral replication in cell culture or functionally unknown. The effects of these fragment-deletions on virus replication and exogenous protein production were examined. The results showed that 11 of the 14 fragments, containing 43 genes, were dispensable for the virus replication in cultured cells. By detecting the expression of intracellularly expressed and secreted reporter proteins, we demonstrated that nine of the fragment-deletions benefited protein production in Sf9 cells and/or in High Five cells. After combining the deletion of some dispensable fragments, we obtained two AcMNPV vectors shortened by more than 10 kb but displayed an improved capacity for recombinant protein production. The deletion strategies used in this study has the potential to further improve the BEVS.
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2
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Armstrong Z, Meek RW, Wu L, Blaza JN, Davies GJ. Cryo-EM structures of human fucosidase FucA1 reveal insight into substrate recognition and catalysis. Structure 2022; 30:1443-1451.e5. [PMID: 35907402 PMCID: PMC9548408 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of α-L-fucose from fucosylated glycoconjugates is consequential in bacterial infections and the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder fucosidosis. Understanding human α-L-fucosidase catalysis, in an effort toward drug design, has been hindered by the absence of three-dimensional structural data for any animal fucosidase. Here, we have used cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structure of human lysosomal α-L-fucosidase (FucA1) in both an unliganded state and in complex with the inhibitor deoxyfuconojirimycin. These structures, determined at 2.49 Å resolution, reveal the homotetrameric structure of FucA1, the architecture of the catalytic center, and the location of both natural population variations and disease-causing mutations. Furthermore, this work has conclusively identified the hitherto contentious identity of the catalytic acid/base as aspartate-276, representing a shift from both the canonical glutamate acid/base residue and a previously proposed glutamate residue. These findings have furthered our understanding of how FucA1 functions in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, Structural Biology Laboratory, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Richard W Meek
- Department of Chemistry, Structural Biology Laboratory, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Structural Biology Laboratory, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - James N Blaza
- Department of Chemistry, Structural Biology Laboratory, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Structural Biology Laboratory, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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3
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Meek RW, Brockerman J, Fordwour OB, Zandberg WF, Davies GJ, Vocadlo DJ. The primary familial brain calcification-associated protein MYORG is an α-galactosidase with restricted substrate specificity. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001764. [PMID: 36129849 PMCID: PMC9491548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is characterised by abnormal deposits of calcium phosphate within various regions of the brain that are associated with severe cognitive impairments, psychiatric conditions, and movement disorders. Recent studies in diverse populations have shown a link between mutations in myogenesis-regulating glycosidase (MYORG) and the development of this disease. MYORG is a member of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 31 (GH31) and, like the other mammalian GH31 enzyme α-glucosidase II, this enzyme is found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Though presumed to act as an α-glucosidase due to its localization and sequence relatedness to α-glucosidase II, MYORG has never been shown to exhibit catalytic activity. Here, we show that MYORG is an α-galactosidase and present the high-resolution crystal structure of MYORG in complex with substrate and inhibitor. Using these structures, we map detrimental mutations that are associated with MYORG-associated brain calcification and define how these mutations may drive disease progression through loss of enzymatic activity. Finally, we also detail the thermal stabilisation of MYORG afforded by a clinically approved small molecule ligand, opening the possibility of using pharmacological chaperones to enhance the activity of mutant forms of MYORG. MYORG is an enzyme genetically linked to primary familial brain calcification that has historically been presumed to act as an α-glucosidase. This study describes the crystal structure of dimeric MYORG and, surprisingly, reveals it to be an α-galactosidase with restricted specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W. Meek
- Department of Chemistry. University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Brockerman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Osei B. Fordwour
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wesley F. Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Department of Chemistry. University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GJD); (DJV)
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (GJD); (DJV)
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4
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Bashor CJ, Hilton IB, Bandukwala H, Smith DM, Veiseh O. Engineering the next generation of cell-based therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:655-675. [PMID: 35637318 PMCID: PMC9149674 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics are an emerging modality with the potential to treat many currently intractable diseases through uniquely powerful modes of action. Despite notable recent clinical and commercial successes, cell-based therapies continue to face numerous challenges that limit their widespread translation and commercialization, including identification of the appropriate cell source, generation of a sufficiently viable, potent and safe product that meets patient- and disease-specific needs, and the development of scalable manufacturing processes. These hurdles are being addressed through the use of cutting-edge basic research driven by next-generation engineering approaches, including genome and epigenome editing, synthetic biology and the use of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Bashor
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Isaac B Hilton
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hozefa Bandukwala
- Sigilon Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Flagship Pioneering, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Devyn M Smith
- Sigilon Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Arbor Biotechnologies, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Omid Veiseh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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5
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Aulicino F, Pelosse M, Toelzer C, Capin J, Ilegems E, Meysami P, Rollarson R, Berggren PO, Dillingham MS, Schaffitzel C, Saleem MA, Welsh GI, Berger I. Highly efficient CRISPR-mediated large DNA docking and multiplexed prime editing using a single baculovirus. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7783-7799. [PMID: 35801912 PMCID: PMC9303279 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based precise gene-editing requires simultaneous delivery of multiple components into living cells, rapidly exceeding the cargo capacity of traditional viral vector systems. This challenge represents a major roadblock to genome engineering applications. Here we exploit the unmatched heterologous DNA cargo capacity of baculovirus to resolve this bottleneck in human cells. By encoding Cas9, sgRNA and Donor DNAs on a single, rapidly assembled baculoviral vector, we achieve with up to 30% efficacy whole-exon replacement in the intronic β-actin (ACTB) locus, including site-specific docking of very large DNA payloads. We use our approach to rescue wild-type podocin expression in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patient derived podocytes. We demonstrate single baculovirus vectored delivery of single and multiplexed prime-editing toolkits, achieving up to 100% cleavage-free DNA search-and-replace interventions without detectable indels. Taken together, we provide a versatile delivery platform for single base to multi-gene level genome interventions, addressing the currently unmet need for a powerful delivery system accommodating current and future CRISPR technologies without the burden of limited cargo capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aulicino
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Martin Pelosse
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christine Toelzer
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Julien Capin
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erwin Ilegems
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parisa Meysami
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ruth Rollarson
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Simon Dillingham
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christiane Schaffitzel
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Imre Berger
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.,Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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6
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Comprehensive identification of protein orthologs in the family Ascoviridae facilitates an understanding of phylogenomics, protein conservation, and phosphorylation. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1075-1087. [PMID: 35246734 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of orthology is important for understanding protein conservation, function, and phylogenomics. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of gene orthology in the family Ascoviridae based on identification of 366 protein homologue groups and phylogenetic analysis of 34 non-single-copy proteins. Our findings revealed 90 newly annotated proteins, five newly identified core proteins for the family Ascoviridae, and 14 core proteins for the genus Ascovirus. A phylogenomic tree of 11 Ascoviridae members was constructed based on a concatenation of 35 of the 45 ortholog groups. In combination with phosphoproteomic results and conservation estimations, 30 conserved phosphorylation sites on 17 phosphoproteins were identified from a total of 176 phosphosites on 57 phosphoproteins from Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h), providing potential research targets for investigating the role of these protein in the regulation of viral infection. This study will facilitate genome annotation and comparison of further Ascoviridae members as well as functional genomic investigations.
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7
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Grose C, Putman Z, Esposito D. A review of alternative promoters for optimal recombinant protein expression in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 186:105924. [PMID: 34087362 PMCID: PMC8266756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Generating recombinant proteins in insect cells has been made possible via the use of the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS). Despite the success of many proteins via this platform, some targets remain a challenge due to issues such as cytopathic effects, the unpredictable nature of co-infection and co-expressions, and baculovirus genome instability. Many promoters have been assayed for the purpose of expressing diverse proteins in insect cells, and yet there remains a lack of implementation of those results when reviewing the landscape of commercially available baculovirus vectors. In advancing the platform to produce a greater variety of proteins and complexes, the development of such constructs cannot be avoided. A better understanding of viral gene regulation and promoter options including viral, synthetic, and insect-derived promoters will be beneficial to researchers looking to utilize BEVS by recruiting these intricate mechanisms of gene regulation for heterologous gene expression. Here we summarize some of the developments that could be utilized to improve the expression of recombinant proteins and multi-protein complexes in insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Grose
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Zoe Putman
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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8
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SynBac: Enhanced Baculovirus Genomes by Iterative Recombineering. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33950388 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1406-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Baculovirus expression vector systems (BEVS) are widely used to produce heterologous proteins for a wide range of applications. Developed more than 30 years ago, BEVS have been constantly modified to improve product quality and ease-of-use. Plasmid reagents were tailored and engineered to facilitate introduction of heterologous genes into baculoviral genomes. At the same time, detrimental modalities such as genes encoding proteases or apoptotic factors were removed to improve protein yield. Advances in DNA synthesis and manipulation now enable the engineering of part or whole synthetic baculovirus genomes, opening up new avenues to redesign and tailor the system to specific applications. Here, we describe a simple protocol for designing and constructing baculovirus genomes comprising segments of synthetic DNA through the use of iterative Red/ET homologous recombination reactions.
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9
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Grobler L, Suleman E, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. Patents and technology transfer in CRISPR technology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 180:153-182. [PMID: 33934836 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR technology has revolutionized biological research in the last decade and many academic institutions and companies have patented CRISPR systems and applications. Several patents have been filed for various applications of CRISPR in different industries such as agriculture, synthetic biology, bio-nanotechnology and precision medicine. Despite tremendous pressure on the technology transfer teams, several startups and spin-out companies are already using CRISPR technologies for commercial applications. In this chapter, we discuss the different CRISPR nucleases and their applications. Secondly, we detail our current opinion and perspective on the CRISPR patent and technology landscape for non-mammalian systems. We present two case-studies on CRISPR diagnostics companies, SHERLOCK and Mammoth Biosciences, who are currently at the forefront of establishing diagnostics platforms for coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) detection. Finally, our chapter identifies future advancements and possible challenges that CRISPR technology might face in non-mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichelle Grobler
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, ERA Synthetic Biology, Centre for Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Essa Suleman
- Veterinary Molecular Diagnostics and Vaccines, Medical Devices and Diagnostics Impact Area, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Deepak B Thimiri Govinda Raj
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, ERA Synthetic Biology, Centre for Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
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10
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Nweke EE, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. Development of insect cell line using CRISPR technology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 180:1-20. [PMID: 33934833 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we delineated the methods of CRISPR technology that has been used for the development of engineered insect cell line. We elaborated on how CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in Drosophila melanogaster, Bombyx mori, Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9 and Sf21), and Mosquitoes enabled the use of model or non-model insect system in various biological and medical applications. Also, the application of synthetic baculovirus genome along with CRISPR/Cas9 vector system to enable genome editing of insect cell systems for treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak B Thimiri Govinda Raj
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, ERA Synthetic Biology, Centre for Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
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11
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Nxumalo Z, Takundwa MM, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. Patents, ethics, biosafety and regulation using CRISPR technology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 181:345-365. [PMID: 34127200 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this review chapter, we provide full comprehensive analysis on the patent, ethics and biosafety regulation with respect to the application of CRISPR technology in mammalian systems. We focused on recent development in CRISPR technology and its patent landscape between countries such as US, European Union, China and Australia. Further, we emphasized on the current scenarios on the ethics regulations with respect to CRISPR research, its applicability in patent and technology transfer. Finally, we elaborated on the biosafety regulation on CRISPR/Cas9 technology application in both mammalian and non-mammalian host system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandile Nxumalo
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mutsa M Takundwa
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deepak B Thimiri Govinda Raj
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
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12
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Bioinformatics Tools for Gene and Genome Annotation Analysis of Microbes for Synthetic Biology and Cancer Biology Applications. Adv Bioinformatics 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6191-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Aulicino F, Capin J, Berger I. Synthetic Virus-Derived Nanosystems (SVNs) for Delivery and Precision Docking of Large Multifunctional DNA Circuitry in Mammalian Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E759. [PMID: 32796680 PMCID: PMC7466058 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA delivery is at the forefront of current research efforts in gene therapy and synthetic biology. Viral vectors have traditionally dominated the field; however, nonviral delivery systems are increasingly gaining traction. Baculoviruses are arthropod-specific viruses that can be easily engineered and repurposed to accommodate and deliver large sequences of exogenous DNA into mammalian cells, tissues, or ultimately organisms. These synthetic virus-derived nanosystems (SVNs) are safe, readily customized, and can be manufactured at scale. By implementing clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) modalities into this system, we developed SVNs capable of inserting complex DNAs into genomes, at base pair precision. We anticipate a major role for SVNs as an attractive alternative to viral vectors in accelerating genome engineering and gene therapy applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aulicino
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | - Julien Capin
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | - Imre Berger
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Neuhold J, Radakovics K, Lehner A, Weissmann F, Garcia MQ, Romero MC, Berrow NS, Stolt-Bergner P. GoldenBac: a simple, highly efficient, and widely applicable system for construction of multi-gene expression vectors for use with the baculovirus expression vector system. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:26. [PMID: 32398045 PMCID: PMC7216392 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant protein production and purification of large protein complexes in eukaryotes requires efficient methods to generate multi-gene expression constructs, where each individual gene is under the control of its own promoter and terminator. Current methods are based either on serial rounds of combination of several vectors containing loxP sites via the Cre-lox technology, or on multiple rounds of gene combination via PCR or other methods. These methods are multi-step, have lower efficiencies than single gene cloning, and may require laborious processes to verify that all genes of interest are present in the final product. Here, we describe a rapid and simple Golden Gate-based system for the generation of multi-gene expression constructs compatible with baculovirus expression vector systems (BEVS) using either Tn7 transposition or KO1629-based homologous recombination, which we refer to as “GoldenBac”. Results This method is based on the construction of a series of vectors containing a promoter-gene of interest-terminator cassette flanked by cleavage sites of the BsaI type IIS restriction enzyme. This series of vectors can be cut by BsaI to excise cassettes with unique overhangs. In the same reaction, the cassettes are then ligated in the correct sequence in a final destination vector to generate multi-gene expression constructs containing 2–15 genes. Individual expression constructs can therefore be combined into a single vector in a single reaction, with over 90% efficiency when combining up to 14 expression cassettes. We demonstrate successful construction and expression of three different co-expression systems, the proteosomal lid complex, the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), and a series of constructs used to test the effect of chaperone co-expression on the solubility of the HOIP protein. Conclusions This robust, single-step cloning system provides an easy-to-use method for generation of multi-gene expression constructs for both transposition and homologous recombination-based baculovirus systems, making this technology available across all laboratories using baculovirus expression systems. This highly efficient and simple method allows for rapid incorporation of multi-gene expression cloning into the standardized service portfolio of protein production facilities and can also easily be adopted by any laboratory for routine generation of multi-gene baculovirus constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Neuhold
- Protein Technologies Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, Dr. Bohr-gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Radakovics
- Protein Technologies Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, Dr. Bohr-gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Lehner
- Protein Technologies Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, Dr. Bohr-gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Weissmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Campus Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Queralt Garcia
- Protein Expression Core Facility, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Romero
- Protein Expression Core Facility, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicholas S Berrow
- Protein Expression Core Facility, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peggy Stolt-Bergner
- Protein Technologies Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, Dr. Bohr-gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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The MultiBac system: a perspective. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:477-482. [PMID: 33523169 DOI: 10.1042/etls20190084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus expression is a time-tested technique to produce proteins in insect cells, in high quality and quantity for a range of applications. MultiBac is a baculovirus expression system we developed originally for producing multiprotein complexes comprising many subunits, for structural and mechanistic studies. First introduced in 2004, MultiBac is now in use in many laboratories worldwide, accelerating research programmes in academia and industry. We have continuously optimized our MultiBac system, providing customized reagents and standard operating protocols to facilitate its use also by non-specialists. More recently, we have generated MultiBac genomes tailored for specific purposes, for example, to produce humanized glycoproteins, high-value pharmaceutical targets including kinases, viral polymerases, and virus-like particles (VLPs) as promising vaccine candidates. By altering the host tropism of the baculovirion, we created MultiBacMam, a heterologous DNA delivery toolkit to target mammalian cells, tissues and organisms. Introducing CRISPR/Cas modalities, we set the stage for large-scale genomic engineering applications utilizing this high-capacity DNA delivery tool. Exploiting synthetic biology approaches and bottom-up design, we engage in optimizing the properties of our baculoviral genome, also to improve manufacturing at scale. Here we provide a perspective of our MultiBac system and its developments, past, present and future.
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Structure of the dynein-2 complex and its assembly with intraflagellar transport trains. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:823-829. [PMID: 31451806 PMCID: PMC6774794 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dynein-2 assembles with polymeric intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains to form a transport machinery that is crucial for cilia biogenesis and signaling. Here we recombinantly expressed the ~1.4-MDa human dynein-2 complex and solved its cryo-EM structure to near-atomic resolution. The two identical copies of the dynein-2 heavy chain are contorted into different conformations by a WDR60-WDR34 heterodimer and a block of two RB and six LC8 light chains. One heavy chain is steered into a zig-zag conformation, which matches the periodicity of the anterograde IFT-B train. Contacts between adjacent dyneins along the train indicate a cooperative mode of assembly. Removal of the WDR60-WDR34-light chain subcomplex renders dynein-2 monomeric and relieves autoinhibition of its motility. Our results converge on a model in which an unusual stoichiometry of non-motor subunits controls dynein-2 assembly, asymmetry, and activity, giving mechanistic insight into the interaction of dynein-2 with IFT trains and the origin of diverse functions in the dynein family.
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Gupta K, Tölzer C, Sari-Ak D, Fitzgerald DJ, Schaffitzel C, Berger I. MultiBac: Baculovirus-Mediated Multigene DNA Cargo Delivery in Insect and Mammalian Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:E198. [PMID: 30813511 PMCID: PMC6466381 DOI: 10.3390/v11030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus/insect cell system (BICS) is widely used in academia and industry to produce eukaryotic proteins for many applications, ranging from structure analysis to drug screening and the provision of protein biologics and therapeutics. Multi-protein complexes have emerged as vital catalysts of cellular function. In order to unlock the structure and mechanism of these essential molecular machines and decipher their function, we developed MultiBac, a BICS particularly tailored for heterologous multigene transfer and multi-protein complex production. Baculovirus is unique among common viral vectors in its capacity to accommodate very large quantities of heterologous DNA and to faithfully deliver this cargo to a host cell of choice. We exploited this beneficial feature to outfit insect cells with synthetic DNA circuitry conferring new functionality during heterologous protein expression, and developing customized MultiBac baculovirus variants in the process. By altering its tropism, recombinant baculovirions can be used for the highly efficient delivery of a customized DNA cargo in mammalian cells and tissues. Current advances in synthetic biology greatly facilitate the construction or recombinant baculoviral genomes for gene editing and genome engineering, mediated by a MultiBac baculovirus tailored to this purpose. Here, recent developments and exploits of the MultiBac system are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, 4 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Christine Tölzer
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, 4 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Duygu Sari-Ak
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Christiane Schaffitzel
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, 4 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Imre Berger
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, 4 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
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Baculovirus as a Tool for Gene Delivery and Gene Therapy. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090510. [PMID: 30235841 PMCID: PMC6164903 DOI: 10.3390/v10090510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on its ability to express high levels of protein, baculovirus has been widely used for recombinant protein production in insect cells for more than thirty years with continued technical improvements. In addition, baculovirus has been successfully applied for foreign gene delivery into mammalian cells without any viral replication. However, several CpG motifs are present throughout baculoviral DNA and induce an antiviral response in mammalian cells, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon through a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent or -independent signaling pathway, and ultimately limiting the efficiency of transgene expression. On the other hand, by taking advantage of this strong adjuvant activity, recombinant baculoviruses encoding neutralization epitopes can elicit protective immunity in mice. Moreover, immunodeficient cells, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV)- or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells, are more susceptible to baculovirus infection than normal cells and are selectively eliminated by the apoptosis-inducible recombinant baculovirus. Here, we summarize the application of baculovirus as a gene expression vector and the mechanism of the host innate immune response induced by baculovirus in mammalian cells. We also discuss the future prospects of baculovirus vectors.
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Mansouri M, Berger P. Baculovirus for gene delivery to mammalian cells: Past, present and future. Plasmid 2018; 98:1-7. [PMID: 29842913 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus is an insect virus which has been used for more than thirty years for production of recombinant proteins in insect cells. However, baculovirus can also be harnessed for efficient gene delivery to mammalian cells if it is equipped with mammalian promoters. This technology is known as BacMam and has been used for gene delivery to immortalized cell lines, stem cells, and primary cells, as well as for gene delivery in animals. Baculovirus has unique features when compared to mammalian viruses. Besides the fact that it is replication-incompetent and does not integrate into the host genome, it has large capacity for foreign DNA. This capacity can for example be used to deliver multiple genes for reprogramming of stem cells, or for delivery of large homology constructs for genome editing. In this review, we provide a brief overview of baculovirus-based gene delivery and its recent applications in therapy and basic research. We also describe how baculovirus is manipulated for efficient transduction in mammalian cells and we highlight possible future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysam Mansouri
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Biomolecular Research, Applied Molecular Biology, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Berger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Biomolecular Research, Applied Molecular Biology, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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Jha R, Roostalu J, Cade NI, Trokter M, Surrey T. Combinatorial regulation of the balance between dynein microtubule end accumulation and initiation of directed motility. EMBO J 2017; 36:3387-3404. [PMID: 29038173 PMCID: PMC5686545 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is involved in a multitude of essential cellular functions. Dynein's activity is controlled by the combinatorial action of several regulatory proteins. The molecular mechanism of this regulation is still poorly understood. Using purified proteins, we reconstitute the regulation of the human dynein complex by three prominent regulators on dynamic microtubules in the presence of end binding proteins (EBs). We find that dynein can be in biochemically and functionally distinct pools: either tracking dynamic microtubule plus-ends in an EB-dependent manner or moving processively towards minus ends in an adaptor protein-dependent manner. Whereas both dynein pools share the dynactin complex, they have opposite preferences for binding other regulators, either the adaptor protein Bicaudal-D2 (BicD2) or the multifunctional regulator Lissencephaly-1 (Lis1). BicD2 and Lis1 together control the overall efficiency of motility initiation. Remarkably, dynactin can bias motility initiation locally from microtubule plus ends by autonomous plus-end recognition. This bias is further enhanced by EBs and Lis1. Our study provides insight into the mechanism of dynein regulation by dissecting the distinct functional contributions of the individual members of a dynein regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Jha
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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21
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Pelosse M, Crocker H, Gorda B, Lemaire P, Rauch J, Berger I. MultiBac: from protein complex structures to synthetic viral nanosystems. BMC Biol 2017; 15:99. [PMID: 29084535 PMCID: PMC5661938 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The MultiBac baculovirus/insect cell expression vector system was conceived as a user-friendly, modular tool-kit for producing multiprotein complexes for structural biology applications. MultiBac has allowed the structure and function of many molecular machines to be elucidated, including previously inaccessible high-value drug targets. More recently, MultiBac developments have shifted to customized baculoviral genomes that are tailored for a range of applications, including synthesizing artificial proteins by genetic code expansion. We review some of these developments, including the ongoing rewiring of the MultiBac system for mammalian applications, notably CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pelosse
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Hannah Crocker
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Barbara Gorda
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Paul Lemaire
- Geneva Biotech SARL, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Jens Rauch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Imre Berger
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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22
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New insights into HCV replication in original cells from Aedes mosquitoes. Virol J 2017; 14:161. [PMID: 28830495 PMCID: PMC5567567 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing literature about HCV association with, and replication in mosquitoes is extremely poor. To fill this gap, we performed cellular investigations aimed at exploring (i) the capacity of HCV E1E2 glycoproteins to bind on Aedes mosquito cells and (ii) the ability of HCV serum particles (HCVsp) to replicate in these cell lines. METHODS First, we used purified E1E2 expressing baculovirus-derived HCV pseudo particles (bacHCVpp) so we could investigate their association with mosquito cell lines from Aedes aegypti (Aag-2) and Aedes albopictus (C6/36). We initiated a series of infections of both mosquito cells (Ae aegypti and Ae albopictus) with the HCVsp (Lat strain - genotype 3) and we observed the evolution dynamics of viral populations within cells over the course of infection via next-generation sequencing (NGS) experiments. RESULTS Our binding assays revealed bacHCVpp an association with the mosquito cells, at comparable levels obtained with human hepatocytes (HepaRG cells) used as a control. In our infection experiments, the HCV RNA (+) were detectable by RT-PCR in the cells between 21 and 28 days post-infection (p.i.). In human hepatocytes HepaRG and Ae aegypti insect cells, NGS experiments revealed an increase of global viral diversity with a selection for a quasi-species, suggesting a structuration of the population with elimination of deleterious mutations. The evolutionary pattern in Ae albopictus insect cells is different (stability of viral diversity and polymorphism). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time that natural HCV could really replicate within Aedes mosquitoes, a discovery which may have major consequences for public health as well as in vaccine development.
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Abstract
Since its inception more than 30 years ago, the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has been used prolifically to produce heterologous proteins for research and development. In the cell, a cornerstone of biological activity are multiprotein complexes, catalyzing essential functions. BEVS has been uniquely successful to unlock such complex assemblies for high-resolution structural and functional analysis. Synthetic biology approaches have been implemented to optimize multigene assembly methods, accelerating upstream processes. Specialized baculoviral genomes are being created with functions tailored to enhance production of particular target protein classes. Here we comment on current and emerging developments in the field and their potential to accelerate protein complex research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Berger
- a The European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); Grenoble Outstation and Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions (UVHCI); Université Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS ; UMR 5233; Grenoble , France.,b The School of Biochemistry; University of Bristol ; Clifton , United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Poterszman
- c Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC); Center for Integrative Biology (CBI) ; Department of Integrated Structural Biology ; Illkirch ; France.,d Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104 ; Illkirch , France.,e Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964 ; Illkirch , France.,f Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France
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24
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Barford D. Recombinant expression and reconstitution of multiprotein complexes by the USER cloning method in the insect cell-baculovirus expression system. Methods 2016; 95:13-25. [PMID: 26454197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to reconstitute complex biological processes in vitro is a crucial step in providing a quantitative understanding of these systems. It provides material for structural, biochemical and biophysical analyses and allows the testing of biological hypotheses and the introduction of chemical probes and tags for single molecule analysis. Reconstitution of these systems requires access to homogenous components, usually through their over-production in heterologous over-expression systems. Here we describe the application of the USER (Uracil-Specific Excision Reagent) ligation-free cloning method to assemble recombinant MultiBac transfer vectors for the generation of recombinant baculovirus suitable for the expression of multi-protein complexes in insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguo Zhang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Yang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - David Barford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom.
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25
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Sari D, Gupta K, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB, Aubert A, Drncová P, Garzoni F, Fitzgerald D, Berger I. The MultiBac Baculovirus/Insect Cell Expression Vector System for Producing Complex Protein Biologics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 896:199-215. [PMID: 27165327 PMCID: PMC7122245 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiprotein complexes regulate most if not all cellular functions. Elucidating the structure and function of these complex cellular machines is essential for understanding biology. Moreover, multiprotein complexes by themselves constitute powerful reagents as biologics for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Recombinant production by the baculovirus/insect cell expression system is particularly useful for expressing proteins of eukaryotic origin and their complexes. MultiBac, an advanced baculovirus/insect cell system, has been widely adopted in the last decade to produce multiprotein complexes with many subunits that were hitherto inaccessible, for academic and industrial research and development. The MultiBac system, its development and numerous applications are presented. Future opportunities for utilizing MultiBac to catalyze discovery are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sari
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Kapil Gupta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Deepak Balaji Thimiri Govinda Raj
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alice Aubert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Petra Drncová
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frederic Garzoni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Daniel Fitzgerald
- Geneva Biotech SARL, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Imre Berger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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Osz-Papai J, Radu L, Abdulrahman W, Kolb-Cheynel I, Troffer-Charlier N, Birck C, Poterszman A. Insect cells-baculovirus system for the production of difficult to express proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1258:181-205. [PMID: 25447865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2205-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The production of sufficient quantities of homogenous protein not only is an essential prelude for structural investigations but also represents a rate-limiting step for many human functional studies. Although technologies for expression of recombinant proteins and complexes have been improved tremendously, in many cases, protein production remains a challenge and can be associated with considerable investment. This chapter describes simple and efficient protocols for expression screening and optimization of protein production in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. We describe the procedure, starting from the cloning of a gene of interest into an expression transfer baculovirus vector, followed by generation of the recombinant virus by homologous recombination, evaluation of protein expression, and scale-up. Handling of insect cell cultures and preparation of bacmid for co-transfection are also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Osz-Papai
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, BP 163, Illkirch, Cedex 67404, France
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27
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van Oers MM, Pijlman GP, Vlak JM. Thirty years of baculovirus–insect cell protein expression: from dark horse to mainstream technology. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:6-23. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.067108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monique M. van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gorben P. Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Just M. Vlak
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Schlager MA, Hoang HT, Urnavicius L, Bullock SL, Carter AP. In vitro reconstitution of a highly processive recombinant human dynein complex. EMBO J 2014; 33:1855-68. [PMID: 24986880 PMCID: PMC4158905 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is an approximately 1.4 MDa multi-protein complex that transports many cellular cargoes towards the minus ends of microtubules. Several in vitro studies of mammalian dynein have suggested that individual motors are not robustly processive, raising questions about how dynein-associated cargoes can move over long distances in cells. Here, we report the production of a fully recombinant human dynein complex from a single baculovirus in insect cells. Individual complexes very rarely show directional movement in vitro. However, addition of dynactin together with the N-terminal region of the cargo adaptor BICD2 (BICD2N) gives rise to unidirectional dynein movement over remarkably long distances. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy provides evidence that BICD2N and dynactin stimulate processivity by regulating individual dynein complexes, rather than by promoting oligomerisation of the motor complex. Negative stain electron microscopy reveals the dynein–dynactin–BICD2N complex to be well ordered, with dynactin positioned approximately along the length of the dynein tail. Collectively, our results provide insight into a novel mechanism for coordinating cargo binding with long-distance motor movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Schlager
- Division of Structural Studies, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ha Thi Hoang
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linas Urnavicius
- Division of Structural Studies, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon L Bullock
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Carter
- Division of Structural Studies, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Thimiri Govinda Raj DB, Vijayachandran LS, Berger I. OmniBac: universal multigene transfer plasmids for baculovirus expression vector systems. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1091:123-130. [PMID: 24203327 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-691-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Current baculovirus expression vector systems (BEVS) rely on either using homologous recombination or site specific transposition (Tn7 transposition) to obtain recombinant baculovirus. Each approach has its own merits. To date, the choice of transfer plasmids limited expression of target proteins to only one of the two types of BEVS. Here we describe OmniBac, comprising novel universal multigene transfer plasmids that can access all BEVS currently in use for protein production in the community. Detailed protocols are presented for integrating OmniBac plasmids into baculoviral genomes used for heterologous protein production in insect cells.
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30
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Abstract
A powerful approach utilizing polyproteins for balancing stoichiometry of recombinant multiprotein complexes overproduced in baculovirus expression vector systems (BEVS) is described. This procedure has been implemented here in the MultiBac system but can also be directly adapted to all commonly used BEVS. The protocol details the design principles of polyprotein-expressing DNA constructs, the generation of composite baculovirus for polyprotein production, and the expression and in vivo processing of polyproteins in baculovirus infected insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wai Chen
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Assenberg R, Wan PT, Geisse S, Mayr LM. Advances in recombinant protein expression for use in pharmaceutical research. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 23:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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