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Ren J, Wang B, Wu Q, Wang G. Combination of niclosamide and current therapies to overcome resistance for cancer: New frontiers for an old drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Shi W, Men L, Pi X, Jiang T, Peng D, Huo S, Luo P, Wang M, Guo J, Jiang Y, Peng L, Lin L, Li S, Lv J. Shikonin suppresses colon cancer cell growth and exerts synergistic effects by regulating ADAM17 and the IL‑6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:99. [PMID: 34726248 PMCID: PMC8577797 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation is associated with drug resistance induced by anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) therapy in the treatment of colon cancer. Thus, the combined inhibition of EGFR and STAT3 may prove beneficial for this type of cancer. STAT3 has been proven to play a critical role in colon cancer initiation and progression, and is considered the primary downstream effector driven by interleukin-6 (IL-6). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), documented as an oncogene, catalyzes the cleavage of both EGF and IL-6R, inducing EGFR signaling and enabling IL-6 trans-signaling to activate STAT3 in a wide range of cell types to promote inflammation and cancer development. As a natural product, shikonin (SKN) has been found to function as an antitumor agent; however, its role in the regulation of ADAM17 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling in colon cancer cells remains unknown. In the present study, it was found that SKN inhibited colon cancer cell growth, suppressed both constitutive and IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, and downregulated the expression of ADAM17. ADAM17 expression was not altered in response to STAT3 knockdown, while IL-6-induced STAT3 activation did not induce ADAM17 transcripts. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that SKN did not affect the expression of key proteins involved in the maturation and degradation of ADAM17. SKN decreased ADAM17 expression possibly through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated translational inhibition, as evidenced by the increased ADAM17 mRNA and phosphorylation levels of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). The expression of ADAM17 and p-eIF2α was reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger). Taken together, these results indicate that the concurrent inhibition of ADAM17 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling by SKN may synergistically contribute to the suppression of colon cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lintong Men
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Pi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dewei Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shengqi Huo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Moran Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Vangala D, Ladigan S, Liffers ST, Noseir S, Maghnouj A, Götze TM, Verdoodt B, Klein-Scory S, Godfrey L, Zowada MK, Huerta M, Edelstein DL, de Villarreal JM, Marqués M, Kumbrink J, Jung A, Schiergens T, Werner J, Heinemann V, Stintzing S, Lindoerfer D, Mansmann U, Pohl M, Teschendorf C, Bernhardt C, Wolters H, Stern J, Usta S, Viebahn R, Admard J, Casadei N, Fröhling S, Ball CR, Siveke JT, Glimm H, Tannapfel A, Schmiegel W, Hahn SA. Secondary resistance to anti-EGFR therapy by transcriptional reprogramming in patient-derived colorectal cancer models. Genome Med 2021; 13:116. [PMID: 34271981 PMCID: PMC8283888 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of secondary resistance (SR) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibodies is not fully understood at the molecular level. Here we tested in vivo selection of anti-EGFR SR tumors in CRC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models as a strategy for a molecular dissection of SR mechanisms. METHODS We analyzed 21 KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PI3K wildtype CRC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for their anti-EGFR sensitivity. Furthermore, 31 anti-EGFR SR tumors were generated via chronic in vivo treatment with cetuximab. A multi-omics approach was employed to address molecular primary and secondary resistance mechanisms. Gene set enrichment analyses were used to uncover SR pathways. Targeted therapy of SR PDX models was applied to validate selected SR pathways. RESULTS In vivo anti-EGFR SR could be established with high efficiency. Chronic anti-EGFR treatment of CRC PDX tumors induced parallel evolution of multiple resistant lesions with independent molecular SR mechanisms. Mutations in driver genes explained SR development in a subgroup of CRC PDX models, only. Transcriptional reprogramming inducing anti-EGFR SR was discovered as a common mechanism in CRC PDX models frequently leading to RAS signaling pathway activation. We identified cAMP and STAT3 signaling activation, as well as paracrine and autocrine signaling via growth factors as novel anti-EGFR secondary resistance mechanisms. Secondary resistant xenograft tumors could successfully be treated by addressing identified transcriptional changes by tailored targeted therapies. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that SR PDX tumors provide a unique platform to study molecular SR mechanisms and allow testing of multiple treatments for efficient targeting of SR mechanisms, not possible in the patient. Importantly, it suggests that the development of anti-EGFR tolerant cells via transcriptional reprogramming as a cause of anti-EGFR SR in CRC is likely more prevalent than previously anticipated. It emphasizes the need for analyses of SR tumor tissues at a multi-omics level for a comprehensive molecular understanding of anti-EGFR SR in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Vangala
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Swetlana Ladigan
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sven T Liffers
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Present Address Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Soha Noseir
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tina-Maria Götze
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Klein-Scory
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Godfrey
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina K Zowada
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Huerta
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Miriam Marqués
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jörg Kumbrink
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Schiergens
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CCM) Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Lindoerfer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Heiner Wolters
- Department of Visceral and General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Josef Stern
- Department of Visceral and General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Selami Usta
- Department of Visceral and General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Richard Viebahn
- Department of Surgery, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jacob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Deptartment of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Personalized Oncology, NCT Dresden and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Personalized Oncology, NCT Dresden and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolff Schmiegel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany.
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Colorectal Cancer: From Genetic Landscape to Targeted Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9918116. [PMID: 34326875 PMCID: PMC8277501 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9918116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer type and the second cause of death worldwide. The advancement in understanding molecular pathways involved in CRC has led to new classifications based on the molecular characteristics of each tumor and also improved CRC management through the integration of targeted therapy into clinical practice. In this review, we will present the main molecular pathways involved in CRC carcinogenesis, the molecular classifications. The anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR therapies currently used in CRC treatment and those under clinical investigation will also be outlined, as well as the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab and panitumumab). Targeted therapy has led to great improvement in the treatment of metastatic CRC. However, there has been variability in CRC treatment outcomes due to molecular heterogeneity in colorectal tumors, which underscores the need for identifying prognostic and predictive biomarkers for CRC-targeted drugs.
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Correlations between serum cetuximab and EGFR-related markers, and skin disorders in head and neck cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:555-565. [PMID: 33462734 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cetuximab inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in cancer and skin cells, thereby inducing anti-cancer effects and skin disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationships between serum cetuximab and EGFR-related markers, and adverse effects in head and neck cancer patients. METHODS Thirty-four head and neck cancer patients receiving weekly intravenous cetuximab were enrolled. Serum cetuximab levels were determined just before dosing. Blood samples for determination of serum EGFR-related markers including soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (sEGFR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were obtained. The severities of skin disorders, their medications, and hypomagnesemia treatment were also assessed. RESULTS Serum levels of cetuximab and sEGFR were negatively and positively correlated with that of IL-6, respectively. The serum cetuximab level was twofold higher in the patients with a grade 2-3 skin rash than with a grade 0-1 rash. The serum cetuximab cutoff value related to severe skin rash was 71 μg/mL (sensitivity, 59%; and specificity, 94%). The use of a strong topical corticosteroid for skin rash was also associated with a higher serum cetuximab level. Serum levels of sEGFR and IL-6 had no correlations with the skin disorder severities or their medications. Hypomagnesemia treatment using intravenous magnesium sulfate was not related to serum cetuximab and EGFR-related markers. CONCLUSIONS Head and neck cancer patients with a higher serum IL-6 level tended to have a lower serum cetuximab level. Serum cetuximab had positive correlations to skin rash severity and its medication in the study population.
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Asadi Z, Fathi M, Rismani E, Bigdelou Z, Johari B. Application of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides strategy for inhibition of cell growth and reduction of metastatic properties in nonresistant and erlotinib-resistant SW480 cell line. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1001-1014. [PMID: 33377576 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a critical regulator for angiogenesis, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Resistance toward EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is a significant clinical concern for metastatic colon cancer patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the blocking influences of STAT3 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the STAT3 survival signaling pathway in nonresistant and erlotinib-resistant SW480 colon cancer cells. First, STAT3 decoy and scramble ODNs were designed according to STAT3 elements in the promoter region of MYCT1 gene and tested for the interaction of STAT3 protein with designed ODNs via in silico molecular docking study. Then, the efficiency of transfection and subcellular localization of ODNs were assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis tests, scratch and colony formation assays, and real-time PCR were also used to study the cancerous properties of cells. A considerable decrease in proliferation of colon cancer cells was observed with blockade of STAT3 signaling due to cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis via downregulation of cyclin D1 and Bcl-XL, respectively. Furthermore, upon transfecting STAT3 decoy ODNs, colony formation potential and migration activity in both SW480 colon cancer cell lines were decreased compared to the control groups. From this study, it could be concluded that STAT3 is critical for cell growth inhibition and metastatic properties reduction of resistant SW480 colon cancer cells; therefore, STAT3 decoy ODNs could be considered as potential therapeutics along with current remedies for treating drug-resistant colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoleykha Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Fathi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bigdelou
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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STAT3 and p53: Dual Target for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120637. [PMID: 33371351 PMCID: PMC7767392 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is considered the "guardian of the genome" that can protect cells against cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest followed by cell death. However, STAT3 is constitutively activated in several human cancers and plays crucial roles in promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival. Hence, STAT3 and p53 have opposing roles in cellular pathway regulation, as activation of STAT3 upregulates the survival pathway, whereas p53 triggers the apoptotic pathway. Constitutive activation of STAT3 and gain or loss of p53 function due to mutations are the most frequent events in numerous cancer types. Several studies have reported the association of STAT3 and/or p53 mutations with drug resistance in cancer treatment. This review discusses the relationship between STAT3 and p53 status in cancer, the molecular mechanism underlying the negative regulation of p53 by STAT3, and vice versa. Moreover, it underlines prospective therapies targeting both STAT3 and p53 to enhance chemotherapeutic outcomes.
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Wu MM, Zhang Z, Tong CWS, Yan VW, Cho WCS, To KKW. Repurposing of niclosamide as a STAT3 inhibitor to enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in treating colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 262:118522. [PMID: 33011217 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Mutation of various cell signaling molecules or aberrant activation of signaling pathways leads to poor response to chemotherapy in CRC. Signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) is an important signaling molecule, which plays crucial roles in regulating cell survival and growth. In this study, the potentitation of chemotherapy by putative STAT3 inhibitors for treating CRC was investigated. MAIN METHODS A few putative STAT3 inhibitors were investigated. Niclosamide, originally indicated for the treatment of tapeworm infection, was chosen for further investigation in five CRC cell lines (HCT116, HT29, HCC2998, LoVo and SW480). Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of STAT3/phospho-STAT3 and its downstream targets. Sulforhodamine B assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of drug combinations. Flow cytometric assays were used to investigate the apoptotic and cell cycle effect. KEY FINDINGS Niclosamide was found to inhibit expression and activation of STAT3 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, thereby downregulating STAT3 downstream targets including survivin and cyclin-D1 to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. When combined with niclosamide or specific STAT3 inhibitor (C188-9), the cytotoxicity and DNA damage response from SN38 (the active metabolite from irinotecan) were significantly enhanced. The sequential exposure of SN38 followed by niclosamide was found to be the most potent treatment sequence for the drug combination. SIGNIFICANCE Niclosamide represents a promising candidate for repurposing to potentiate the anticancer activity of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Z Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Christy W S Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - ViVi W Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Liang R, Chen X, Chen L, Wan F, Chen K, Sun Y, Zhu X. STAT3 signaling in ovarian cancer: a potential therapeutic target. J Cancer 2020; 11:837-848. [PMID: 31949487 PMCID: PMC6959025 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is thought to be a promising target for cancer therapy as STAT3 is frequently overexpressed in a wide range of cancer cells as well as clinical specimens, promoting tumor progression. It is widely accepted that STAT3 regulates a variety of cellular processes, such as tumor cell growth, survival, invasion, cancer stem cell-like characteristic, angiogenesis and drug-resistance. In this review, we focus on the role of STAT3 in tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer and discuss the existing inhibitors of STAT3 signaling that can be promisingly developed as the strategies for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renba Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xishan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhu Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yongchu Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Chen H, Chen J, Hong Z, Liao Y, Zhang Q, Tong H. Emodin sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to EGFR inhibitor through suppressing Stat3 signaling pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8463-8473. [PMID: 31572001 PMCID: PMC6756157 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s221877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive expression of EGFR is closely related to tumor formation, transfer and deterioration, which has attracted much attention. EGFR overexpression may be detected in up to 90% of pancreatic tumors. However, drug resistance of EGFR inhibitors targeting treatment severely limits its clinical application. Methods In this study, Western blotting was used to detect the expression of p-Stat3, EGFR, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase3 and Bax. Cell apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometry. The colon assay and MTT assay were applied for detecting the cell proliferation in vitro. The xenograft mouse model was used to examine the cell proliferation in vivo. Results Emodin remarkably enhanced the anti-cancer effect of EGFR inhibitor on pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, emodin promoted afatinib-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the Stat3 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, siRNAs against Stat3 significantly increased the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. EGFR inhibitor promoted phosphorylation of Stat3 in pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly, emodin combined with EGFR inhibitor inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. The tumor xenograft mice model was further confirmed that emodin possessed a synergy anticancer effect with afatinib on pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the Stat3 expression. Conclusion These results indicate that the combination of emodin with EGFR inhibitor is an effective therapeutic strategy to sensitize human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
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11
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Xue H, Li T, Wang P, Mo X, Zhang H, Ding S, Ma D, Lv W, Zhang J, Han W. CMTM4 inhibits cell proliferation and migration via AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:915-924. [PMID: 31435638 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CMTM4 (CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 4), a potential tumor suppressor gene, is involved in several types of malignancies. It has been reported to be downregulated and exhibit anti-tumorigenic activities by regulating cell growth and cell cycle in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. It has also been identified as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its negative expression is a risk factor for poor prognosis of HCC patients. In the present study, an integrated bioinformatics analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database showed that CMTM4 was frequently reduced in colorectal cancer (CRC) and high expression of CMTM4 was associated with increased overall survival rates. Based on these findings, we adopted gain-of-function and lost-of-function strategies using SW480 and HT29 CRC cell lines which have relatively low and high endogenous CMTM4 levels, respectively. We observed impeded cell proliferation and migration upon overexpression of CMTM4 in SW480 cells, and the opposite effects were observed upon knockdown of CMTM4 in HT-29 cells. Cell signaling pathways essential for CRC progression were then examined, and the phosphorylation levels of AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 were found to be decreased by CMTM4 overexpression in SW480 cells and elevated by CMTM4 silencing in HT29 cells. Their inhibitors were used to validate that the three signaling pathways contributed to the inhibitory effects of CMTM4 on CRC cells. Taken together, our results suggest that CMTM4 plays a tumor suppressive role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Li
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoning Mo
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hejun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenping Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenling Han
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 drives the high-fat diet-associated prostate cancer growth. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:637. [PMID: 31474764 PMCID: PMC6717738 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. PCa progression can be associated with obesity. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) plays a crucial role in PCa growth. However, whether STAT3 plays a role in high-fat diet (HFD)-associated PCa growth is unknown. Our data show that HFD feeding increases tumor size, STAT3 phosphorylation, and palmitic acid (PA) level in the xenograft tissues of the PCa-bearing xenograft mouse model. In vitro studies show that PA increases STAT3 expression and phosphorylation (STAT3-Y705) in PCa. Computational modeling suggests strong and stable binding between PA and unphosphorylated STAT3 at R593 and N538. The binding changes STAT3 structure and activity. Functional studies show that both STAT3 mutants (R583A and N538A) and STAT3 dominant negative significantly reduce PA-enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation, PA-increased PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In the xenograft mouse models, the HFD-increased tumor growth and STAT3 phosphorylation in tumors are reversed by STAT3 inhibition. Our study not only demonstrates the regulatory role of PA/STAT3 axis in HFD-associated PCa growth but also suggests a novel mechanism of how STAT3 is activated by PA. Our data suggest STAT3 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HFD-associated PCa.
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13
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Fong W, To KKW. Drug repurposing to overcome resistance to various therapies for colorectal cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3383-3406. [PMID: 31087119 PMCID: PMC11105507 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of novel treatment modalities provides effective therapeutic options, apart from conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, to fight against colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, drug resistance remains a huge challenge in clinics, leading to invariable occurrence of disease progression after treatment initiation. While novel drug development is unfavorable in terms of time frame and costs, drug repurposing is one of the promising strategies to combat resistance. This approach refers to the application of clinically available drugs to treat a different disease. With the well-established safety profile and optimal dosing of these approved drugs, their combination with current cancer therapy is suggested to provide an economical, safe and efficacious approach to overcome drug resistance and prolong patient survival. Here, we review both preclinical and clinical efficacy, as well as cellular mechanisms, of some extensively studied repurposed drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, metformin, chloroquine, disulfiram, niclosamide, zoledronic acid and angiotensin receptor blockers. The three major treatment modalities in the management of colorectal cancer, namely classical cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy, are covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Fong
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Room 801N, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Area 39, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth K W To
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Room 801N, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Area 39, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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14
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Bouhaddou M, Eckhardt M, Chi Naing ZZ, Kim M, Ideker T, Krogan NJ. Mapping the protein-protein and genetic interactions of cancer to guide precision medicine. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 54:110-117. [PMID: 31288129 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Massive efforts to sequence cancer genomes have compiled an impressive catalogue of cancer mutations, revealing the recurrent exploitation of a handful of 'hallmark cancer pathways'. However, unraveling how sets of mutated proteins in these and other pathways hijack pro-proliferative signaling networks and dictate therapeutic responsiveness remains challenging. Here, we show that cancer driver protein-protein interactions are enriched for additional cancer drivers, highlighting the power of physical interaction maps to explain known, as well as uncover new, disease-promoting pathway interrelationships. We hypothesize that by systematically mapping the protein-protein and genetic interactions in cancer-thereby creating Cancer Cell Maps-we will create resources against which to contextualize a patient's mutations into perturbed pathways/complexes and thereby specify a matching targeted therapeutic cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bouhaddou
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Manon Eckhardt
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zun Zar Chi Naing
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States.
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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15
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Luwor R, Morokoff AP, Amiridis S, D'Abaco G, Paradiso L, Stylli SS, Nguyen HPT, Tarleton M, Young KA, O'Brien TJ, Robinson PJ, Chircop M, McCluskey A, Jones NC. Targeting Glioma Stem Cells by Functional Inhibition of Dynamin 2: A Novel Treatment Strategy for Glioblastoma. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:144-155. [PMID: 30907150 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1582060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) play major roles in drug resistance, tumour maintenance and recurrence of glioblastoma. We investigated inhibition of the GTPase dynamin 2 as a therapy for glioblastoma. Glioma cell lines and patient-derived GSCs were treated with dynamin inhibitors, Dynole 34-2 and CyDyn 4-36. We studied about cell viability, and GSC neurosphere formation in vitro and orthotopic tumour growth in vivo. Dynamin inhibition reduced glioblastoma cell line viability and suppressed neurosphere formation and migration of GSCs. Tumour growth was reduced by CyDyn 4-36 treatment. Dynamin 2 inhibition therefore represents a novel approach for stem cell-directed Glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Luwor
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,b Department of Neurosurgery , The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,c Department of Medicine , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Giovanna D'Abaco
- d Melbourne School of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Lucia Paradiso
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,b Department of Neurosurgery , The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Hong P T Nguyen
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Mark Tarleton
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Kelly A Young
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- c Department of Medicine , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,f Department of Neuroscience , Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,g Department of Neurology , The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia.,h Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney , Westmead , Australia
| | - Megan Chircop
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia.,h Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney , Westmead , Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- c Department of Medicine , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,f Department of Neuroscience , Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,g Department of Neurology , The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
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16
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Ponatinib Inhibits Multiple Signaling Pathways Involved in STAT3 Signaling and Attenuates Colorectal Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120526. [PMID: 30572654 PMCID: PMC6316865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is a major driver of colorectal cancer (CRC) growth, however therapeutics, which can effectively target this pathway, have so far remained elusive. Here, we performed an extensive screen for STAT3 inhibitors among a library of 1167 FDA-approved agents, identifying Ponatinib as a lead candidate. We found that Ponatinib inhibits STAT3 activity driven by EGF/EGFR, IL-6/IL-6R and IL-11/IL-11R, three major ligand/receptor systems involved in CRC development and progression. Ponatinib was able to inhibit CRC migration and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, Ponatinib displayed a greater ability to inhibit STAT3 activity and mediated superior anti-proliferative efficacy compared to five FDA approved SRC and Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Finally, long-term exposure of CRC cells to Ponatinib, Dasatinib and Bosutinib resulted in acquired resistance to Dasatinib and Bosutinib occurring within six weeks. However, acquired resistance to Ponatinib was observed after long-term exposure of >4 months. Overall, our results identify a novel anti-STAT3 property of Ponatinib and thus, Ponatinib offers a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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17
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Narvi E, Vaparanta K, Karrila A, Chakroborty D, Knuutila S, Pulliainen A, Sundvall M, Elenius K. Different responses of colorectal cancer cells to alternative sequences of cetuximab and oxaliplatin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16579. [PMID: 30410004 PMCID: PMC6224565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic protocols including EGFR antibodies in the context of oxaliplatin-based regimens have variable clinical effect in colorectal cancer. Here, we tested the effect of the EGFR antibody cetuximab in different sequential combinations with oxaliplatin on the growth of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cetuximab reduced the efficacy of oxaliplatin when administered before oxaliplatin but provided additive effect when administered after oxaliplatin regardless of the KRAS or BRAF mutation status of the cells. Systemic gene expression and protein phosphorylation screens revealed alternatively activated pathways regulating apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA damage response. Functional assays indicated that cetuximab-induced arrest of the cells into the G1 phase of the cell cycle was associated with reduced responsiveness of the cells to subsequent treatment with oxaliplatin. In contrast, oxaliplatin-enhanced responsiveness to subsequent treatment with cetuximab was associated with increased apoptosis, inhibition of STAT3 activity and increased EGFR down-regulation. This preclinical study indicates that optimizing the sequence of administration may enhance the antitumor effect of combination therapy with EGFR antibodies and oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Narvi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Vaparanta
- Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Karrila
- Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Deepankar Chakroborty
- Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Pulliainen
- Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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18
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Zhang C, Xu H, Zhou Z, Tian Y, Cao X, Cheng G, Liu Q. Blocking of the EGFR-STAT3 signaling pathway through afatinib treatment inhibited the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4995-5000. [PMID: 29805522 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling have been extensively implicated in various human neoplasms. Recently, a novel EGFR inhibitor, known as afatinib, has exhibited broad antitumor activities in a variety of tumors. Therefore, the present study attempted to investigate the impact of this agent on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Initially, immunohistochemical assays were performed on 15 human ICC specimens and their adjacent tissues in order to assess the protein levels of phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) and pSTAT3. Subsequently, the human ICC cell lines JCK and OZ were exposed to different doses of afatinib, and then cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, immunoblotting was applied to detect any variations in the phosphorylated protein levels of EGFR and STAT3 in afatinib-treated ICC cells. The results of the current study demonstrated that ICC specimens had evidently increased pEGFR and pSTAT3 protein levels as compared with the adjacent noncancerous tissues. Further in vitro experiments indicated that afatinib evidently blocked ICC cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. At the protein level, pEGFR and pSTAT3 were evidently attenuated by afatinib-administration. In conclusion, the present study clearly determined that afatinib exerts an antitumor effect on ICC cells by silencing the EGFR-STAT3 signaling pathway. This novel agent deserves further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhenping Zhou
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Guochang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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19
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Zulkifli AA, Tan FH, Putoczki TL, Stylli SS, Luwor RB. STAT3 signaling mediates tumour resistance to EGFR targeted therapeutics. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:15-23. [PMID: 28088467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several EGFR inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical assessment or are approved for the clinical management of patients with varying tumour types. However, treatment often results in a lack of response in many patients. The majority of patients that initially respond eventually present with tumours that display acquired resistance to the original therapy. A large number of receptor tyrosine and intracellular kinases have been implicated in driving signaling that mediates this tumour resistance to anti-EGFR targeted therapy, and in a few cases these discoveries have led to overall changes in prospective tumour screening and clinical practice (K-RAS in mCRC and EGFR T790M in NSCLC). In this mini-review, we specifically focus on the role of the STAT3 signaling axis in providing both intrinsic and acquired resistance to inhibitors of the EGFR. We also focus on STAT3 pathway targeting in an attempt to overcome resistance to anti-EGFR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Zulkifli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Fiona H Tan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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20
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The Frequency and Type of K-RAS Mutations in Mexican Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A National Study. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 40:274-276. [PMID: 25333735 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) therapy uses monoclonal antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor. This treatment is only useful in the absence of K-RAS gene mutations; therefore the study of such mutations is part of a personalized treatment. The aim of this work is to determine the frequency and type of the most common K-RAS mutations in Mexican patients with metastatic disease by nucleotide sequencing. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 888 patients with mCRC from different regions of Mexico. The presence of mutations in exon 2, codons 12 and 13, of the K-RAS gene was determined by nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS Patients exhibited K-RAS gene mutations in 35% (310/888) of cases. Mutation frequency of codons 12 and 13 was 71% (221/310) and 29% (89/310), respectively. The most common mutation (45.7%) in codon 12 was c.35G>A (p.G12D), whereas the one in codon 13 was c.38G>A (p.G13D) (78.7%). DISCUSSION Given the frequency of K-RAS mutations in Mexicans, making a genetic study before deciding to treat mCRC patients with monoclonal antibodies is indispensable.
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21
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Xue F, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wen Y, Yan L, Tang Q, Xiao E, Zhang D. Let-7a enhances the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cetuximab by regulating STAT3 expression. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7253-7261. [PMID: 27932893 PMCID: PMC5135407 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Let-7 miRNAs are reported to play an inhibitory role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, recurrence, and pluripotency of cancer. However, few studies have reported the relationship between let-7 and drug sensitivity, especially for let-7a (a subtype of let-7). This study aimed to investigate the function of let-7a in regulating the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines to cetuximab. Methods The cytotoxicity of cetuximab on HCC cell lines (Huh7, Hep3B, HepG2, SNU449, and SNU387) was evaluated using a cell viability assay (the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay) and a cell proliferation assay (the Click-iT EdU Imaging Kit) in the presence of a control, a let-7a mimic, and a let-7a inhibitor. Small interfering RNA to knockdown the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were employed. Protein and mRNA expression levels were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results It was found that let-7a enhances the sensitivity of HCC cells with an epithelial phenotype (Huh7, Hep3B, and HepG2) to cetuximab, but has no effect on cells with the mesenchymal phenotype (SNU449 and SNU387). It was determined that STAT3 was a target mRNA of let-7a using TargetScan. Expression of STAT3 and let-7a mRNA were negatively correlated in HCC cell lines. Moreover, let-7a altered the protein and mRNA expression of STAT3. Furthermore, STAT3 knockdown enhanced the function of cetuximab on HCC cell lines with epithelial phenotypes, but not on HCC cell lines with mesenchymal phenotypes. Finally, a rescue experiment confirmed that let-7a affected the sensitivity of HCC cell lines to cetuximab by interacting with STAT3. Conclusions There is a functional link between let-7a and STAT3 in enhancing the sensitivity of HCC cells with an epithelial phenotype to cetuximab. Our results provide novel insight into new methodologies for combating HCC drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Erhui Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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22
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Bharadwaj U, Kasembeli MM, Tweardy DJ. STAT3 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Comprehensive Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42949-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Li WX, Yang MX, Hong XQ, Dong TG, Yi T, Lin SL, Qin XY, Niu WX. Overexpression of gelsolin reduces the proliferation and invasion of colon carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3059-65. [PMID: 27573444 PMCID: PMC5042772 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhanced motility of cancer cells via the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial in the process of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. It was previously demonstrated that gelsolin (GSN) may be involved as a tumor or a metastasis suppressor, depending on the cell lines and model systems used. In the present study, the effect of GSN on the growth and invasion of human colon carcinoma (CC) cells was investigated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. It was observed that upregulation of the expression of GSN in human CC cells significantly reduced the invasiveness of these cells. The expression levels of GSN were observed to be reduced in CC cells, and the reduced expression level of GSN was often associated with a poorer metastasis-free survival rate in patients with CC (P=0.04). In addition, the overexpression of GSN inhibited the invasion of CC cells in vitro. Furthermore, GSN was observed to inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 signaling in CC cells. Together, these results suggested that GSN is critical in regulating cytoskeletal events and inhibits the invasive and/or metastatic potential of CC cells. The results obtained in the present study may improve understanding of the functional and mechanistic links between GSN as a possible tumor suppressor and the STAT3 signaling pathway, with respect to the aggressive nature of CC. In addition, the present study demonstrated the importance of GSN in regulating the invasion and metastasis of CC cells at the molecular level, suggesting that GSN may be a potential predictor of prognosis and treatment success in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Xuan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Qiang Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Geng Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Li Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Liu X, Ji Q, Fan Z, Li Q. Cellular signaling pathways implicated in metastasis of colorectal cancer and the associated targeted agents. Future Oncol 2015; 11:2911-22. [PMID: 26414153 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer worldwide and CRC-related death is mainly attributed to metastasis. Many cellular signaling pathways have been demonstrated to be aberrant in colorectal tumors, and some of them lead to the acquisition of malignant phenotypes. Therefore, the evaluation of signaling pathways implicated in CRC metastasis is urgent for further understanding of CRC progression and pharmacotherapy. This review focuses on several novel cellular signaling pathways associated with CRC metastasis, including Wnt/β-catenin, p53, COX, TGF-β/Smad, NF-κB, Notch, VEGF and JAKs/STAT3 signaling pathways. Targeted agents developed based on these pathways are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhongze Fan
- Interventional Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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25
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Zhou J, Liu R, Luo C, Zhou X, Xia K, Chen X, Zhou M, Zou Q, Cao P, Cao K. MiR-20a inhibits cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma metastasis and proliferation by directly targeting LIMK1. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1340-9. [PMID: 25019203 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-20a (miR-20a) plays a key role in tumorigenesis and progression. But its function is reverse in different kinds of malignant tumor, and its role and mechanism in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) remains unclear. OBJECT To determine the miR-20a's roles in CSCC and confirm whether LIMK1 is a direct target gene of miR-20a. METHODS First miR-20a and LIMK1 expression levels were detected in six pairs of CSCC tissues and corresponding normal skin by qRT-PCR. Then MTT assays and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the impact of miR-20a on cell proliferation. In addition, scratch migration assays and transwell invasion assays were performed to check miR-20a's effect on cell metastasis. Since LIMK1 (LIM kinase-1) was predicted as a target gene of miR-20a, the changes of LIMK1 protein and mRNA were measured by western blot and qRT-RCR methods after miR-20a overexpression. Moreover the dual reporter gene assay was performed to confirm whether LIMK1 is a direct target gene of miR-20a. Finally LIMK1 mRNA and miR-20a in other 30 cases of CSCC pathological specimens were determined and a correlation analysis was evaluated. RESULTS The miR-20a significantly low-expressed in CSCC tissues compared with that in matched normal tissues while LIMK1 has a relative higher expression. MiR-20a inhibited A431 and SCL-1 proliferation and metastasis. Both of LIMK1 protein and mRNA levels were downregulated after miR-20a overexpression. The dual reporter gene assays revealed that LIMK1 is a direct target gene of miR-20a. Furthermore, qRT-PCR results of LIMK1 mRNA and miR-20a in 30 cases of CSCC pathological specimens showed miR-20a is inversely correlated with LIMK1 expression. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that miR-20a is involved in the tumor inhibition of CSCC by directly targeting LIMK1 gene. This finding provides potential novel strategies for therapeutic interventions of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chengqun Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology; Xiangya Hospital; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Department of Pathology; Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
| | - Peiguo Cao
- Department of Oncology; Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology; Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha City, Hunan, PR China
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