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Park A, Lee C, Lee JY. Genomic Evolution and Recombination Dynamics of Human Adenovirus D Species: Insights from Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis. J Microbiol 2024; 62:393-407. [PMID: 38451451 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can infect various epithelial mucosal cells, ultimately causing different symptoms in infected organ systems. With more than 110 types classified into seven species (A-G), HAdV-D species possess the highest number of viruses and are the fastest proliferating. The emergence of new adenovirus types and increased diversity are driven by homologous recombination (HR) between viral genes, primarily in structural elements such as the penton base, hexon and fiber proteins, and the E1 and E3 regions. A comprehensive analysis of the HAdV genome provides valuable insights into the evolution of human adenoviruses and identifies genes that display high variation across the entire genome to determine recombination patterns. Hypervariable regions within genetic sequences correlate with functional characteristics, thus allowing for adaptation to new environments and hosts. Proteotyping of newly emerging and already established adenoviruses allows for prediction of the characteristics of novel viruses. HAdV-D species evolved in a direction that increased diversity through gene recombination. Bioinformatics analysis across the genome, particularly in highly variable regions, allows for the verification or re-evaluation of recombination patterns in both newly introduced and pre-existing viruses, ultimately aiding in tracing various biological traits such as virus tropism and pathogenesis. Our research does not only assist in predicting the emergence of new adenoviruses but also offers critical guidance in regard to identifying potential regulatory factors of homologous recombination hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyeseu Park
- The Laboratory of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- The Laboratory of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Lee
- The Laboratory of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.
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Meng Y, Liu H, Zhu H, Zhang W, Sun D, Han X, Liu Y, Luo G. RCAd-LTH-shPD-L1, a double-gene recombinant oncolytic adenovirus with enhanced antitumor immunity, increases lymphocyte infiltration and reshapes the tumor microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007171. [PMID: 38212125 PMCID: PMC10806565 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the successful development of modern immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently considered potential therapeutic options for patients with cancer. However, the therapeutic potential of ICIs in human cancer is mainly limited by their systemic toxicity and low response rate, which suggests the necessity of local drug delivery with an effective vector and reshaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance ICI therapy. Here, we constructed a novel double-gene recombinant oncolytic adenovirus named RCAd-LTH-shPD-L1 based on the RCAd virus platform armed with a DNA fragment encoding an anti-VEGF antibody and shRNA to inhibit PD-L1 expression. METHODS The correct assembly of RCAd-LTH-shPD-L1 was characterized by analyzing its secretion, antigen specificity, and replication using western blotting, ELISA and quantitative PCR, respectively. The in vitro effects of RCAd-LTH-shPD-L1 on cell proliferation, vasculogenic, and cell migration were assessed. Antitumor effects and therapeutic mechanisms were evaluated in vivo using immunodeficient and humanized immune system mouse models. The TME was studied by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS RCAd-LTH-shPD-L1 cells secreted anti-VEGF antibodies and inhibited the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells. Moreover, RCAd-LTH-shPD-L1 exerted a specific cytotoxic effect on human cancer cells, but not on murine cancer cells or normal human cells. RCAd-LTH-shPD-L1 elicited a more potent antitumor effect in an immunodeficient mouse model and a humanized immune system mouse model than RCAd-shPD-L1, as demonstrated by the significant decrease in tumor growth. Furthermore, RCAd-LTH-shPD-L1 modulated the TME, which led to lymphocyte infiltration and alteration of their immune phenotype, as characterized by downregulation of anoxic factor HIF-1α and angiogenesis marker CD31, upregulation of cytokine such as IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-12. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data demonstrated that the localized delivery of anti-VEGF antibodies and shPD-L1 by engineered RCAd-LTH-shPD-L1 is a highly effective and safe strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, the data underscore the potential of combining local virotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy with ICIs as an effective TME therapy for poorly infiltrating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haotian Liu
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haoran Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanrong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Bionce Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefei Han
- Bionce Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangzuo Luo
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Bionce Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
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Nayak V, Patra S, Singh KR, Ganguly B, Kumar DN, Panda D, Maurya GK, Singh J, Majhi S, Sharma R, Pandey SS, Singh RP, Kerry RG. Advancement in precision diagnosis and therapeutic for triple-negative breast cancer: Harnessing diagnostic potential of CRISPR-cas & engineered CAR T-cells mediated therapeutics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116573. [PMID: 37437865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, disrupted regulatory pathways, and the accumulation of genetic mutations. These mutations across different types of cancer lead to disruptions in signaling pathways and alterations in protein expression related to cellular growth and proliferation. This review highlights the AKT signaling cascade and the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) regulating cascade as promising for novel nanotheranostic interventions. Through synergizing state-of-the-art gene editing tools like the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system with nanomaterials and targeting AKT, there is potential to enhance cancer diagnostics significantly. Furthermore, the integration of modified CAR-T cells into multifunctional nanodelivery systems offers a promising approach for targeted cancer inhibition, including the eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Within the context of highly aggressive and metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), this review specifically focuses on devising innovative nanotheranostics. For both pre-clinical and post-clinical TNBC detection, the utilization of the CRISPR-Cas system, guided by RNA (gRNA) and coupled with a fluorescent reporter specifically designed to detect TNBC's mutated sequence, could be promising. Additionally, a cutting-edge approach involving the engineering of TNBC-specific iCAR and syn-Notch CAR T-cells, combined with the co-delivery of a hybrid polymeric nano-liposome encapsulating a conditionally replicative adenoviral vector (CRAdV) against CSCs, could present an intriguing intervention strategy. This review thus paves the way for exciting advancements in the field of nanotheranostics for the treatment of TNBC and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Nayak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease- International Center for Foot and Mouth Disease, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Das Nishant Kumar
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Panda
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanatan Majhi
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam S Pandey
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Rout George Kerry
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Diwan D, Cheng L, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Holden N, Willoughby N, Sangwan N, Baadhe RR, Liu C, Gupta VK. Microbial cancer therapeutics: A promising approach. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:931-950. [PMID: 33979677 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of conventional cancer therapeutics is hindered by associated dreadful side-effects of antibiotic resistance and the dearth of antitumor drugs' selectivity and specificity. Hence, the conceptual evolution of anti-cancerous therapeutic agents that selectively target cancer cells without impacting the healthy cells or tissues, has led to a new wave of scientific interest in microbial-derived bioactive molecules. Such strategic solutions may pave the way to surmount the shortcomings of conventional therapies and raise the potential and hope for the cure of wide range of cancer in a selective manner. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of anti-carcinogenic properties and underlying mechanisms of bioactive molecules of microbial origin, and discuss the current challenges and effective therapeutic application of combinatorial strategies to attain minimal systemic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 230032, China
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Nicola Holden
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Rama Raju Baadhe
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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Liu F, Xu K, Yang H, Li Y, Liu J, Wang J, Guan Z. A novel approach to glioma therapy using an oncolytic adenovirus with two specific promoters. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3362-3368. [PMID: 29435080 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults, where more than half of the cases are malignant, and the prognosis is poor. The early viral 1A (E1A) protein has been widely recognized to be essential for adenoviral replication and production of progeny virions in human cells, a process that is regulated by human telomerase reverse transcriptase. The p53 gene, as a tumor suppressor, regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, cell autophagy, senescence and apoptosis. Dysfunction of the p53 pathways is common in malignant gliomas. Exogenous expression of p53 during adenovirus replication in human cancer cells may accelerate cell death and improve the release of early virus progeny. In the present study, a conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) Ad-Tp-E1A-Gp-p53, which expressed functional p53 protein when replicating in cancer cells, was constructed. Next, the level of p53 expression in U251 cells was determined by western blot analysis, and the inhibitory effect of Ad-Tp-E1A-Gp-p53 on U251 cells was detected via an MTT assay. The results indicated that p53 expression was upregulated with an increase in the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Ad-Tp-E1A-Gp-p53. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of Ad-Tp-E1A-Gp-p53 in different groups were significantly different (P<0.05), with the inhibition ratio of the experimental groups being higher, compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the inhibition ratio increased with increases in the MOI of Ad-Tp-E1A-Gp-p53. Therefore, the expression of functional p53 and that of E1A may increase the potency of CRAd, and overexpression of p53 through CRAd is a promising approach to more effective treatments in a number of human cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Kaya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Guan
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
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The role of hexon in egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV) inducing apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblast cells. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:395-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cai Z, Lv H, Cao W, Zhou C, Liu Q, Li H, Zhou F. Targeting strategies of adenovirus‑mediated gene therapy and virotherapy for prostate cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6443-6458. [PMID: 28901490 PMCID: PMC5865813 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a high risk to older men and it is the second most common type of male malignant tumor in western developed countries. Additionally, there is a lack of effective therapies for PCa at advanced stages. Novel treatment strategies such as adenovirus-mediated gene therapy and virotherapy involve the expression of a specific therapeutic gene to induce death in cancer cells, however, wild-type adenoviruses are also able to infect normal human cells, which leads to undesirable toxicity. Various PCa-targeting strategies in adenovirus-mediated therapy have been developed to improve tumor-targeting effects and human safety. The present review summarizes the relevant knowledge regarding available adenoviruses and PCa-targeting strategies. In addition, future directions in this area are also discussed. In conclusion, although they remain in the early stages of basic research, adenovirus-mediated gene therapy and virotherapy are expected to become important therapies for tumors in the future due to their potential targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Haidi Lv
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Cao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiangzhao Liu
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Fenghai Zhou
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
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