1
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Zainodini N, Abolhasani M, Mohsenzadegan M, Farajollahi MM, Rismani E. Overexpression of Transmembrane Phosphatase with Tensin homology (TPTE) in prostate cancer is clinically significant, suggesting its potential as a valuable biomarker. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:165. [PMID: 38546751 PMCID: PMC10978697 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are a family of proteins typically expressed in male testicles but overexpressed in various cancer cell types. Transmembrane Phosphatase with Tensin homology (TPTE) is expressed only in the testis of healthy individuals and is a member of the family of CTAs. The current study, for the first time, examined the significance of TPTE expression in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues by generating a novel antibody marker targeting TPTE protein. METHODS Polyclonal antibodies were prepared for TPTE-p1 and TPTE-p2 peptides, which are derived from the extracellular domains of TPTE. Anti-TPTE-p2 antibody was then used to study the extent and pattern of TPTE expression in 102 PCa and 48 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. The viability of cancer cell lines (PC-3 and MCF-7 cells) was also evaluated in the presence of anti-TPTE-p2 antibody using the MTT test. RESULTS The immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in cytoplasmic and membrane TPTE expression in the PCa samples compared to the BPH group (both P < 0.0001). Cytoplasmic TPTE expression was positively correlated with Gleason score and PSA levels (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively). Significant correlations were identified between the levels of PSA and perineural invasion and the membrane expression (P = 0.01, P = 0.04, respectively). Moreover, anti-TPTE-p2 antibody inhibited PC-3 and MCF-7 cells proliferation compared to the control group for 24 h (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) as well as for 48 h (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that increased TPTE expression is associated with progression of disease. The ability of anti-TPTE-p2 antibody to recognize and target the TPTE protein makes it a potential biomarker to assess and/or target the PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Zainodini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Herrera LR, Johnson RA, McGlynn K, Gibbs ZA, Davis AJ, Whitehurst AW. The cancer testes antigen, HORMAD1, limits genomic instability in cancer cells by protecting stalled replication forks. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105348. [PMID: 37838177 PMCID: PMC10656231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors anomalously induce the expression of meiotic genes, which are otherwise restricted only to developing gametes. If and how these aberrantly expressed meiotic proteins influence DNA metabolism is not clear, but could have important implications for how tumors acquire and mitigate genomic instability. HORMAD1 is a highly conserved meiotic protein that is frequently expressed in lung adenocarincoma where its expression correlates with reduced patient survival and increased mutation burden. Here, we find that HORMAD1 associates with the replisome and is critical for protecting stalled DNA replication forks. Loss of HORMAD1 leads to nascent DNA strand degradation, an event which is mediated by the MRE11-DNA2-BLM pathway. We find that these phenotypes are due to limited RAD51 loading onto stalled replication forks in the absence of HORMAD1. Ultimately, loss of HORMAD1 leads to increased DNA breaks and chromosomal defects, which is exacerbated dramatically by induction of replication stress. Tumor cells proliferate despite encountering chronic replication stress, placing them on the precipice of catastrophic genomic damage. Our data support the hypothesis that the aberrant expression of HORMAD1 is engaged to attenuate the accumulation of excessive DNA damage due to chronic replication stress, which may otherwise lead to accumulation of toxic levels of genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Reza Herrera
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ronnesha A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen McGlynn
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zane A Gibbs
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony J Davis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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3
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Bao J, Betzler AC, Hess J, Brunner C. Exploring the dual role of B cells in solid tumors: implications for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233085. [PMID: 37868967 PMCID: PMC10586314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the tumor milieu of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), distinct B cell subpopulations are present, which exert either pro- or anti-tumor activities. Multiple factors, including hypoxia, cytokines, interactions with tumor cells, and other immune infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), alter the equilibrium between the dual roles of B cells leading to cancerogenesis. Certain B cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit immunosuppressive function. These cells are known as regulatory B (Breg) cells. Breg cells suppress immune responses by secreting a series of immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β, granzyme B, and adenosine or dampen effector TILs by intercellular contacts. Multiple Breg phenotypes have been discovered in human and mouse cancer models. However, when compartmentalized within a tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS), B cells predominantly play anti-tumor effects. A mature TLS contains a CD20+ B cell zone with several important types of B cells, including germinal-center like B cells, antibody-secreting plasma cells, and memory B cells. They kill tumor cells via antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, and local complement activation effects. TLSs are also privileged sites for local T and B cell coordination and activation. Nonetheless, in some cases, TLSs may serve as a niche for hidden tumor cells and indicate a bad prognosis. Thus, TIL-B cells exhibit bidirectional immune-modulatory activity and are responsive to a variety of immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the functional distinctions between immunosuppressive Breg cells and immunogenic effector B cells that mature within TLSs with the focus on tumors of HNSCC patients. Additionally, we review contemporary immunotherapies that aim to target TIL-B cells. For the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to complement T-cell-based immunotherapy, a full understanding of either effector B cells or Breg cells is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Bao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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4
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Vallejos PA, Gonda A, Yu J, Sullivan BG, Ostowari A, Kwong ML, Choi A, Selleck MJ, Kabagwira J, Fuller RN, Gironda DJ, Levine EA, Hughes CCW, Wall NR, Miller LD, Senthil M. Plasma Exosome Gene Signature Differentiates Colon Cancer from Healthy Controls. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:3833-3844. [PMID: 36864326 PMCID: PMC10175396 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsies have become an integral part of cancer management as minimally invasive options to detect molecular and genetic changes. However, current options show poor sensitivity in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Novel exosome-based liquid biopsies may provide critical information on these challenging tumors. In this initial feasibility analysis, we identified an exosome gene signature of 445 genes (ExoSig445) from colon cancer patients, including those with PC, that is distinct from healthy controls. METHODS Plasma exosomes from 42 patients with metastatic and non-metastatic colon cancer and 10 healthy controls were isolated and verified. RNAseq analysis of exosomal RNA was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the DESeq2 algorithm. The ability of RNA transcripts to discriminate control and cancer cases was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and Bayesian compound covariate predictor classification. An exosomal gene signature was compared with tumor expression profiles of The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS Unsupervised PCA using exosomal genes with greatest expression variance showed stark separation between controls and patient samples. Using separate training and test sets, gene classifiers were constructed capable of discriminating control and patient samples with 100% accuracy. Using a stringent statistical threshold, 445 DEGs fully delineated control from cancer samples. Furthermore, 58 of these exosomal DEGs were found to be overexpressed in colon tumors. CONCLUSIONS Plasma exosomal RNAs can robustly discriminate colon cancer patients, including patients with PC, from healthy controls. ExoSig445 can potentially be developed as a highly sensitive liquid biopsy test in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Vallejos
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Amber Gonda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Brittany G Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Arsha Ostowari
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Mei Li Kwong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Choi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Selleck
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Janviere Kabagwira
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ryan N Fuller
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Gironda
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Edward A Levine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maheswari Senthil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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5
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Herrera LR, McGlynn K, Gibbs ZA, Davis AJ, Whitehurst AW. The Cancer Testes Antigen, HORMAD1, is a Tumor-Specific Replication Fork Protection Factor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526348. [PMID: 36778501 PMCID: PMC9915569 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors frequently activate the expression of genes that are only otherwise required for meiosis. HORMAD1, which is essential for meiotic recombination in multiple species, is expressed in over 50% of human lung adenocarcinoma cells (LUAD). We previously found that HORMAD1 promotes DNA double strand break (DSB) repair in LUAD. Here, we report that HORMAD1 takes on an additional role in protecting genomic integrity. Specifically, we find HORMAD1 is critical for protecting stalled DNA replication forks in LUAD. Loss of HORMAD1 leads to nascent DNA degradation, an event which is mediated by the MRE11-DNA2-BLM pathway. Moreover, following exogenous induction of DNA replication stress, HORMAD1 deleted cells accumulate single stranded DNA (ssDNA). We find that these phenotypes are the result of a lack of RAD51 and BRCA2 loading onto stalled replication forks. Ultimately, loss of HORMAD1 leads to increased DSBs and chromosomal aberrations in response to replication stress. Collectively, our data support a model where HORMAD1 expression is selected to mitigate DNA replication stress, which would otherwise induce deleterious genomic instability.
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6
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Wu J, Chen Y, Lin Y, Lan F, Cui Z. Cancer-testis antigen lactate dehydrogenase C4 as a novel biomarker of male infertility and cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936767. [PMID: 36408133 PMCID: PMC9667869 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme designated as lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) is found in mammalian mature testis and spermatozoa. Thus far, LDH-C4 has been well studied with regard to its gene and amino acid sequences, structure, biological properties, and peptide synthesis. Accumulating evidence has shown that LDH-C4 is closely related to spermatic energy metabolism and plays a critical role in sperm motility, capacitation, and fertilization. Defects in the catalytic activity of LDH-C4 are key to pathophysiological abnormalities underlying infertility. LDH-C4 was originally thought to be present only in mature testis and spermatozoa; however, recent studies have implicated LDH-C4 as a cancer-testis antigen (CTA), owing to its aberrant transcription in a broad spectrum of human neoplasms. This review highlights the recent findings on LDH-C4 with particular emphasis on its role in male infertility and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yingying Lin, ; Fenghua Lan, ; Zhaolei Cui,
| | - Fenghua Lan
- Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yingying Lin, ; Fenghua Lan, ; Zhaolei Cui,
| | - Zhaolei Cui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yingying Lin, ; Fenghua Lan, ; Zhaolei Cui,
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7
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Ceyhan Y, Zhang M, Sandoval CG, Agoulnik AI, Agoulnik IU. Expression pattern and the roles of phosphatidylinositol phosphatases in testis. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:902-915. [PMID: 35766372 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are relatively rare lipid components of the cellular membranes. Their homeostasis is tightly controlled by specific PI kinases and phosphatases. PIs play essential roles in cellular signaling, cytoskeletal organization, and secretory processes in various diseases and normal physiology. Gene targeting experiments strongly suggest that in mice with deficiency of several PI phosphatases such as Pten, Mtmrs, Inpp4b, and Inpp5b, spermatogenesis is affected, resulting in partial or complete infertility. Similarly, in men, loss of several of the PIP phosphatases is observed in infertility characterized by the lack of mature sperm. Using available gene expression databases, we compare expression of known PI phosphatases in various testicular cell types, infertility patients, and mouse age-dependent testicular gene expression, and discuss their potential roles in testis physiology and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Ceyhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carlos G Sandoval
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander I Agoulnik
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irina U Agoulnik
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Lingg L, Rottenberg S, Francica P. Meiotic Genes and DNA Double Strand Break Repair in Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:831620. [PMID: 35251135 PMCID: PMC8895043 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.831620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells show widespread genetic alterations that change the expression of genes driving tumor progression, including genes that maintain genomic integrity. In recent years, it has become clear that tumors frequently reactivate genes whose expression is typically restricted to germ cells. As germ cells have specialized pathways to facilitate the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes, their aberrant regulation influences how cancer cells repair DNA double strand breaks (DSB). This drives genomic instability and affects the response of tumor cells to anticancer therapies. Since meiotic genes are usually transcriptionally repressed in somatic cells of healthy tissues, targeting aberrantly expressed meiotic genes may provide a unique opportunity to specifically kill cancer cells whilst sparing the non-transformed somatic cells. In this review, we highlight meiotic genes that have been reported to affect DSB repair in cancers derived from somatic cells. A better understanding of their mechanistic role in the context of homology-directed DNA repair in somatic cancers may provide useful insights to find novel vulnerabilities that can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Lingg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Sven Rottenberg, ; Paola Francica,
| | - Paola Francica
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Sven Rottenberg, ; Paola Francica,
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9
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Wu SC, Münger K. Role and Clinical Utility of Cancer/Testis Antigens in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225690. [PMID: 34830845 PMCID: PMC8616139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens exhibit selective expression predominantly in immunoprivileged tissues in non-pathological contexts but are aberrantly expressed in diverse cancers. Due to their expression pattern, they have historically been attractive targets for immunotherapies. A growing number of studies implicate CT antigens in almost all hallmarks of cancer, suggesting that they may act as cancer drivers. CT antigens are expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. However, their role in the pathogenesis of these cancers remains poorly studied. Given that CT antigens hold intriguing potential as therapeutic targets and as biomarkers for prognosis and that they can provide novel insights into oncogenic mechanisms, their further study in the context of head and squamous cell carcinoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Changshan Wu
- Molecular Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Karl Münger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Hosoya N, Miyagawa K. Synaptonemal complex proteins modulate the level of genome integrity in cancers. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:989-996. [PMID: 33382503 PMCID: PMC7935773 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure that is transiently formed during meiosis to promote homologous recombination between maternal and paternal chromosomes. As this structure is required only for meiotic recombination, the proteins constituting the complex are almost undetectable in normal somatic cells, but they can be expressed under the conditions in which the transcriptional machinery is deregulated. Accumulating evidence indicates that they are epigenetically expressed in cancers of various origin. Not surprisingly, in contrast to their meiotic roles, the somatic roles of the SC proteins remain to be investigated. However, it has recently been reported that SYCP3 and SYCE2 control DNA double‐strand break repair negatively and positively, respectively, suggesting that the ectopic expression of the SC proteins in somatic cells could be associated with the maintenance of genomic instability. Thus, it is highly likely that the investigation of the somatic roles of the SC proteins would improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Hosoya
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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von Witzleben A, Wang C, Laban S, Savelyeva N, Ottensmeier CH. HNSCC: Tumour Antigens and Their Targeting by Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:E2103. [PMID: 32942747 PMCID: PMC7564543 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumours typically caused by alcohol and tobacco consumption, although an increasing number of HNSCC arise due to persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV). The treatment of HNSCC remains challenging, and the first-line setting is focused on surgery and chemoradiotherapy. A substantial proportion of HNSCC patients die from their disease, especially those with recurrent and metastatic disease. Among factors linked with good outcome, immune cell infiltration appears to have a major role. HPV-driven HNSCC are often T-cell rich, reflecting the presence of HPV antigens that are immunogenic. Tumour-associated antigens that are shared between patients or that are unique to an individual person may also induce varying degrees of immune response; studying these is important for the understanding of the interaction between the host immune system and the cancer. The resulting knowledge is critical for the design of better immunotherapies. Key questions are: Which antigens lead to an adaptive immune response in the tumour? Which of these are exploitable for immunotherapy? Here, we review the current thinking regarding tumour antigens in HNSCC and what has been learned from early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian von Witzleben
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.v.W.); (N.S.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Chuan Wang
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Natalia Savelyeva
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.v.W.); (N.S.)
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.v.W.); (N.S.)
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
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12
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Venetis K, Invernizzi M, Sajjadi E, Curigliano G, Fusco N. Cellular immunotherapy in breast cancer: The quest for consistent biomarkers. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 90:102089. [PMID: 32889360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with a relatively high proportion of patients experiencing resistance to standard treatments. Cellular immunotherapy (CI), which is based on the extraction, modification, and re-infusion of the patient's immune cells, is showing promising results in these patients. Among CI possible approaches, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and dendritic cell (DC) vaccination are the most comprehensively explored in both primary/translational research studies and clinical trials. ACT may include the use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cell receptor (TCR)-, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cells. There are indications suggesting that a biomarker-based approach might be beneficial in effectively selecting breast cancer patients for CI. Here, we sought to provide the current knowledge of CI in breast cancer, focusing on candidate biomarkers, ongoing clinical trials, limitations, and immediate future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Venetis
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
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13
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Gantchev J, Martínez Villarreal A, Gunn S, Zetka M, Ødum N, Litvinov IV. The ectopic expression of meiCT genes promotes meiomitosis and may facilitate carcinogenesis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:837-854. [PMID: 32223693 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1743902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer meiomitosis is defined as the concurrent activation of both mitotic and meiotic machineries in neoplastic cells that confer a selective advantage together with increased genomic instability. MeiCT (meiosis-specific cancer/testis) genes that perform specialized functions in the germline events required for the first meiotic division are ectopically expressed in several cancers. Here we describe the expression profiles of meiCT genes and proteins across a number of cancers and review the proposed mechanisms that increase aneuploidy and elicit reduction division in polyploid cells. These mechanisms are centered on the overexpression and function of meiCT proteins in cancers under various conditions that includes a response to genotoxic stress. Since meiCT genes are transcriptionally repressed in somatic cells, their target offers a promising therapeutic approach with limited toxicity to healthy tissues. Throughout the review, we provide a detailed description of the roles for each gene in the context of meiosis and we discuss proposed functions and outcomes resulting from their ectopic reactivation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gantchev
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Scott Gunn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Monique Zetka
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Neils Ødum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Xu B, Jungbluth AA, Frosina D, Alzumaili B, Aleynick N, Slodkowska E, Higgins K, Ho A, Morris L, Ghossein R, Katabi N. The immune microenvironment and expression of PD-L1, PD-1, PRAME and MHC I in salivary duct carcinoma. Histopathology 2019; 75:672-682. [PMID: 31237963 DOI: 10.1111/his.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive salivary malignancy that results in high mortality rates and is often resistant to chemotherapy. Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors have led to dramatic improvements in patients with various cancers. Other immunotherapeutic approaches, e.g. cancer vaccines, have shown promising results. Cancer testis antigens, e.g. preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), are regarded as promising vaccine targets because of their tumour-specific expression pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the immunoexpression of PD-L1, PD-1, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and PRAME in 53 SDCs. The immunoexpression levels of PD-L1 in tumour cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs), PD-1 in ICs, PRAME in TCs and MHC I in TCs were analysed, and were correlated with outcome. PRAME expression was seen in 83% of SDCs. No PRAME staining was present in normal salivary gland tissue. With the three established diagnostic algorithms proposed for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the criteria being a combined positive score of ≥1, TC% ≥1%, and TC% ≥25%, 35 (66%), 17 (32%) and three cases (6%), respectively, were deemed to be positive for PD-L1. PD-1-positive ICs were seen in 35 (66%) cases. MHC I down-regulation was seen in 82% of SDCs. There was a significant correlation among PD-L1 expression in ICs, PD-1 expression in ICs, and PRAME expression in TCs. PD-L1 expression in TCs and lack of PD-1 expression in ICs were associated with decreased disease-specific survival in SDC patients. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of the tumour immune microenvironment are common in SDCs, including expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and PRAME, which opens the way to potential novel immune therapies, such as cancer vaccination and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Frosina
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bayan Alzumaili
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Aleynick
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elzbieta Slodkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Higgins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Ho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luc Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Trippel A, Halling F, Heymann P, Ayna M, Al-Nawas B, Ziebart T. The expression of melanoma-associated antigen A (MAGE-A) in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an evaluation of the significance for tumor prognosis. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 23:343-352. [PMID: 31093793 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-019-00778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melanoma-associated antigens A had been detected repeatedly in oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not in healthy mucosa. Additionally, patients with MAGE-A expressing cancers are regarded to have a worse survival prognosis, so that MAGE-A are supposed to be part of carcinogenesis. Which role these antigens fulfill within OSCC is still, up today, largely unknown. This study examines the hypothesis that MAGE-A is being produced in OSCC but not in mucosa tissue and if MAGE-A has any correlation to clinical patient's parameters like tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, overall survival, and recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, 50 tumor samples and 39 mucosa samples were analyzed by means of PCR and immunohistochemical staining with the antibody 6C1. RESULTS Forty of 41 stained tumor samples showed a positive antibody reaction with a maximum staining rate of 53%. Sixteen mucosa samples showed a mild positive reaction. The PCR revealed a linear expression pattern of MAGE-A in which the genes are proportionally expressed in OSCC. We did not find any relationship between MAGE-A and tumor size, overall survival, or recurrence. There was also no connection between MAGE-A and tumor parameters Hif-1 and LDH. Their expression was detected tendentially in tumors with higher staging, advanced lymph node metastasis, and rising age of the patients. The genes MAGE-A3+6 and MAGE-A4 had a statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007 and p = 0.004). Patients got distant metastasis and influence of MAGE-A on metastatic behavior could not be verified. The genes MAGE-A3 and -A4 are consequently qualified as tumor markers in the field of diagnosis and follow-up of OSCC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Two genes have great potential as target proteins in immunotherapy. The genes MAGE-A3+6 and MAGE-A4 had a statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trippel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Halling
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstrasse, Philipps University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Heymann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstrasse, Philipps University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Ayna
- Center for Dental Implantology, 47051, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Ziebart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstrasse, Philipps University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, D-35037, Marburg, Germany.
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16
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Tang R, Liu X, Pan L, Chen R. Novel mutation in FTHL17 gene in pedigree with 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:1226-1235.e1. [PMID: 30922653 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic cause of a pedigree with four patients with 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD). DESIGN Genetic mutation study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Four first cousins, from three households of a Chinese pedigree, affected by 46,XY PGD. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The patients were studied from clinical and genetic perspectives. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted in family members. RESULT(S) Four first cousins in the third generation were affected by 46,XY PGD. A specific familial characteristic was the prevalence of as high as 100% of gonadal tumors in patients. Whole-genome sequencing identified a new ferritin heavy chain-like 17 (FTHL17) mutation, c.GA442_443TT (p.E148L), which has the potential to interfere with protein function and cause 46,XY PGD. Moreover, the location (Xp21.2) of the FTHL17 gene proves that the family is X-linked recessive. In vitro functional study revealed that the perturbation of FTHL17 caused the decrease of protein expression and cell proliferation. CONCLUSION(S) We describe the first 46,XY PGD pedigree that may be attributed to mutations of the FTHL17 gene. We speculated that the FTHL17 gene is involved in the testis-determining pathway and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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17
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Asgharzadeh MR, Pourseif MM, Barar J, Eskandani M, Jafari Niya M, Mashayekhi MR, Omidi Y. Functional expression and impact of testis-specific gene antigen 10 in breast cancer: a combined in vitro and in silico analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 9:145-159. [PMID: 31508330 PMCID: PMC6726749 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2019.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Testis-specific gene antigen 10 (TSGA10) is a less-known gene, which is involved in the vague biological paths of different cancers. Here, we investigated the TSGA10 expression using different concentrations of glucose under hypoxia and also its interaction with the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Methods: The breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were cultured with different concentrations of glucose (5.5, 11.0 and 25.0 mM) under normoxia/hypoxia for 24, 48, and 72 hours and examined for the HIF-1α expression and cell migration by Western blotting and scratch assays. The qPCR was employed to analyze the expression of TSGA10. Three-dimensional (3D) structure and the energy minimization of the interacting domain of TSGA10 were performed by MODELLER v9.17 and Swiss-PDB viewer v4.1.0/UCSF Chimera v1.11. The UCSF Chimera v1.13.1 and Hex 6.0 were used for the molecular docking simulation. The Cytoscape v3.7.1 and STRING v11.0 were used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The HIF-1a related hypoxia pathways were obtained from BioModels database and reconstructed in CellDesigner v4.4.2. Results: The increased expression of TSGA10 was found to be significantly associated with the reduced metastasis in the MDA-MB-231 cells, while an inverse relationship was seen between the TSGA10 mRNA level and cellular migration but not in the MCF-7 cells. The C-terminal domain of TSGA10 interacted with HIF-1α with high affinity, resulting in PPI network with 10 key nodes (HIF-1α, VEGFA, HSP90AA1, AKT1, ARNT, TP53, TSGA10, VHL, JUN, and EGFR). Conclusions: Collectively, TSGA10 functional expression alters under the hyper-/hypo-glycemia and hypoxia, which indicates its importance as a candidate bio-target for the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asgharzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.,Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Pourseif
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Eskandani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Jafari Niya
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.,Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | | | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Lechner A, Schlößer HA, Thelen M, Wennhold K, Rothschild SI, Gilles R, Quaas A, Siefer OG, Huebbers CU, Cukuroglu E, Göke J, Hillmer A, Gathof B, Meyer MF, Klussmann JP, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Theurich S, Beutner D, von Bergwelt-Baildon M. Tumor-associated B cells and humoral immune response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1535293. [PMID: 30723574 PMCID: PMC6350680 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1535293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are important players in immune responses to cancer. However, their composition and function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been well described. Here, we analyzed B cell subsets in HNSCC (n = 38), non-cancerous mucosa (n = 14) and peripheral blood from HNSCC patients (n = 38) and healthy controls (n = 20) by flow cytometry. Intratumoral B cells contained high percentages of activated (CD86+), antigen-presenting (CD86+/CD21-) and memory B cells (IgD-/CD27+). T follicular helper cells (CD4+/CXCR5+/CD45RA-/CCR7-) as key components of tertiary lymphoid structures and plasma cells made up high percentages of the lymphocyte infiltrate. Percentages of regulatory B cell varied depending on the regulatory phenotype. Analysis of humoral immune responses against 23 tumor-associated antigens (TAA) showed reactivity against at least one antigen in 56% of HNSCC patients. Reactivity was less frequent in human papillomavirus associated (HPV+) patients and healthy controls compared to HPV negative (HPV-) HNSCC. Likewise, patients with early stage HNSCC or MHC-I loss on tumor cells had low TAA responses. Patients with TAA responses showed CD4+ dominated T cell infiltration compared to mainly CD8+ T cells in tumors without detected TAA response. To summarize, our data demonstrates different immune infiltration patterns in relation to serological TAA response detection and the presence of B cell subpopulations in HNSCC that can engage in tumor promoting and antitumor activity. In view of increasing use of immunotherapeutic approaches, it will be important to include B cells into comprehensive phenotypic and functional analyses of tumor-associated lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Lechner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans A. Schlößer
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Thelen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wennhold
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sacha I. Rothschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramona Gilles
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver G. Siefer
- Jean-Uhrmacher-Institute for Clinical ENT Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian U. Huebbers
- Jean-Uhrmacher-Institute for Clinical ENT Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Engin Cukuroglu
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Göke
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Axel Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Gathof
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz F. Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens P. Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cancer- and Immunometabolism Research Group, Dept. I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Partner Site, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Li B, Zhu J, Meng L. High expression of ACTL8 is poor prognosis and accelerates cell progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:877-884. [PMID: 30535476 PMCID: PMC6323208 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin‑like protein 8 (ACTL8) is a member of the cancer‑testis antigens (CTA) family, which is mainly localized in the cytoplasm and generally expressed in the testis. The association between ACTL8 and various types of cancer, including glioblastoma and breast cancer, has previously been demonstrated. However, whether ACTL8 is involved in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown. In the present study, the expression of ACTL8 in patients with HNSCC was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, clinical tissues and cell lines. Correlations between the expression levels of ACTL8 and HNSCC clinical outcomes were analyzed with the Kaplan‑Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. Cell Counting Kit‑8, plate colony formation and Transwell assays were used to assess the effects of ACTL8 interference on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HNSCC PCI‑13 cells. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to evaluate the expression levels of ACTL8 in PCI‑13 cells. Furthermore, alterations in the expression levels of key proteins in the phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase (PI3K)/RAC‑α protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were determined by western blotting. Increased expression of ACTL8 in HNSCC was observed in TCGA dataset, cancerous tissue samples and HNSCC cell line. Cox regression analysis indicated that ACTL8 expression could be regarded as an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC, since increased expression of ACTL8 was associated with a poor prognosis. Knocking down ACTL8 markedly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of PCI‑13 cells. Additionally, activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was suppressed by reduced expression levels of certain key proteins in this pathway. The present data indicate that ACTL8 serves a role in the progression and clinical prognosis of HNSCC. Therefore, ACTL8 may be a potential prognostic marker and novel therapeutic target for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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20
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Nichols BA, Oswald NW, McMillan EA, McGlynn K, Yan J, Kim MS, Saha J, Mallipeddi PL, LaDuke SA, Villalobos PA, Rodriguez-Canales J, Wistuba II, Posner BA, Davis AJ, Minna JD, MacMillan JB, Whitehurst AW. HORMAD1 Is a Negative Prognostic Indicator in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Specifies Resistance to Oxidative and Genotoxic Stress. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6196-6208. [PMID: 30185546 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer testis antigens (CTA) are expressed in testis and placenta and anomalously activated in a variety of tumors. The mechanistic contribution of CTAs to neoplastic phenotypes remains largely unknown. Using a chemigenomics approach, we find that the CTA HORMAD1 correlates with resistance to the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor piericidin A in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Resistance was due to a reductive intracellular environment that attenuated the accumulation of free radicals. In human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tumors, patients expressing high HORMAD1 exhibited elevated mutational burden and reduced survival. HORMAD1 tumors were enriched for genes essential for homologous recombination (HR), and HORMAD1 promoted RAD51-filament formation, but not DNA resection, during HR. Accordingly, HORMAD1 loss enhanced sensitivity to γ-irradiation and PARP inhibition, and HORMAD1 depletion significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo These results suggest that HORMAD1 expression specifies a novel subtype of LUAD, which has adapted to mitigate DNA damage. In this setting, HORMAD1 could represent a direct target for intervention to enhance sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents or as an immunotherapeutic target in patients.Significance: This study uses a chemigenomics approach to demonstrate that anomalous expression of the CTA HORMAD1 specifies resistance to oxidative stress and promotes HR to support tumor cell survival in NSCLC. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6196-208. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt A Nichols
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nathaniel W Oswald
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Kathleen McGlynn
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jingsheng Yan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Min S Kim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Janapriya Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Prema L Mallipeddi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sydnie A LaDuke
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pamela A Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bruce A Posner
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Anthony J Davis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John D Minna
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John B MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
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21
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Tan YS, Sansanaphongpricha K, Prince MEP, Sun D, Wolf GT, Lei YL. Engineering Vaccines to Reprogram Immunity against Head and Neck Cancer. J Dent Res 2018; 97:627-634. [PMID: 29533731 PMCID: PMC5960883 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518764416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent Food and Drug Administration's approval of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) offers exciting promise to improve patient outcome and reduce morbidities. A favorable response to ICR blockade relies on an extensive collection of preexisting tumor-specific T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). ICR blockade reinvigorates exhausted CD8+ T cells and enhances immune killing. However, resistance to ICR blockade is observed in about 85% of patients with HNSCC, therefore highlighting the importance of characterizing the mechanisms underlying HNSCC immune escape and exploring combinatorial strategies to sensitize hypoimmunogenic cold HNSCC to ICR inhibition. Cancer vaccines are designed to bypass the cold TME and directly deliver cancer antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs); these vaccines epitomize a priming strategy to synergize with ICR inhibitors. Cancer cells are ineffective antigen presenters, and poor APC infiltration as well as the M2-like polarization in the TME further dampens antigen uptake and processing, both of which render ineffective innate and adaptive immune detection. Cancer vaccines directly activate APC and expand the tumor-specific T-cell repertoire. In addition, cancer vaccines often contain an adjuvant, which further improves APC function, promotes epitope spreading, and augments host intrinsic antitumor immunity. Thus, the vaccine-induced immune priming generates a pool of effectors whose function can be enhanced by ICR inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the major HNSCC immune evasion strategies, the ongoing effort toward improving HNSCC vaccines, and the current challenges limiting the efficacy of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Tan
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 2 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Sansanaphongpricha
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M E P Prince
- 2 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Sun
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G T Wolf
- 2 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y L Lei
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 2 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Schutt CA, Mirandola L, Figueroa JA, Nguyen DD, Cordero J, Bumm K, Judson BL, Chiriva-Internati M. The cancer-testis antigen, sperm protein 17, a new biomarker and immunological target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100280-100287. [PMID: 29245977 PMCID: PMC5725019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a deadly and locally aggressive malignancy that frequently portends a poor prognosis. Since current treatment modalities including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are heavily debilitating and often result in recurrence intense efforts have been put into the development of novel less toxic and more lasting treatment strategies. Recently, immunotherapy has been proposed as a promising alternative that could potentially meet these requirements. SP17 is a validated cancer-testis antigen in multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. We aim at studying SP17 expression in HNSCC and its immunogenicity as a possible future target for HNSCC therapeutic vaccines. SP17 expression was evaluated in tissue specimens of HNSCC patients and controls. Moreover, SP17 immunogenicity was studied by generating autologous dendritic cells in vitro from the peripheral blood mononucleated cells of HNSCC patients and testing their ability to induce SP17 specific cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of killing autologous tumor cells in vitro. SP17specific immune responses were also evaluated in HNSCC patients as circulating anti-SP17 autoantibodies. SP17 was expressed in HNSCC tissues of HNSCC patients. Autologous dendritic cells pulsed with SP17 antigen induced powerful SP17 MHC class-I restricted, perforin-dependent, cytotoxic T-cells capable of efficiently killing autologous tumor cells in vitro. SP17-specific autoantibodies were detectable in the serum of HNSCC patients irrespective of tumor site or TNM stage. In conclusion, SP17 is an ideal immunotherapeutic target for HNSCC and a potential serological biomarker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Schutt
- Division Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Klauss Bumm
- CaritasKlinikum Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Benjamin L Judson
- Division Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Kiromic, Inc., Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Multiple Myeloma & Lymphoma, University of Texas, MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Sp17 Protein Expression and Major Histocompatibility Class I and II Epitope Presentation in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Patients. Adv Hematol 2017; 2017:6527306. [PMID: 29204156 PMCID: PMC5674480 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6527306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved therapies are urgently needed for patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Success using immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cell technology has fuelled demand for validated cancer epitopes. Immunogenic cancer testis antigens (CTAs), with their widespread expression in many tumours but highly restricted normal tissue distribution, represent attractive immunotherapeutic targets that may improve treatment options for DLBCL and other malignancies. Sperm protein 17 (Sp17), a CTA reported to be immunogenic in ovarian cancer and myeloma patients, is expressed in DLBCL. The aim of the present study was to investigate Sp17 epitope presentation via the presence of a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and a CD4 T-helper (Th) response in DLBCL patients. A significant γ-interferon CTL response was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 13/31 DLBCL patients following short-term cell stimulation with two novel HLA-A⁎0201 peptides and one previously reported HLA-A⁎0101-restricted nine-mer Sp17 peptide. No significant responses were detected in the HLA-A⁎0201-negative DLBCL patients or four healthy subjects. A novel immunogenic 20-mer CD4 Th Sp17 peptide was detected in 8/17 DLBCL patients. This is the first report of a CTL and a CD4 Th response to Sp17 in DLBCL and supports Sp17 as a potential immunotherapeutic target for DLBCL.
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24
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Li Y, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chu J, Sun C, Fu Z, Huang Y, Zhang H, Yuan H, Yin Y. Roles of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 399:64-73. [PMID: 28274891 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the US. For breast cancer, early diagnosis and efficient therapy remains a significant clinical challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel tumor associated molecules to target for biomarker development and immunotherapy. In this regard, cancer testis antigens (CTAs) have emerged as a potential clinical biomarker targeting immunotherapy for various malignancies due to the nature of its characteristics. CTAs are a group of tumor associated antigens (TAAs) that display normal expression in immune-privileged organs, but display aberrant expression in several types of cancers, particularly in advanced cancers. Investigation of CTAs for the clinical management of breast malignancies indicates that these TAAs have potential roles as novel biomarkers, with increased specificity and sensitivity compared to those currently used in the clinic. Moreover, TAAs could be therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review is an attempt to address the promising CTAs in breast cancer and their possible clinical implications as biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets with particular focus on challenges and future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jiahui Chu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hansheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China.
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25
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Laban S, Giebel G, Klümper N, Schröck A, Doescher J, Spagnoli G, Thierauf J, Theodoraki MN, Remark R, Gnjatic S, Krupar R, Sikora AG, Litjens G, Grabe N, Kristiansen G, Bootz F, Schuler PJ, Brunner C, Brägelmann J, Hoffmann TK, Perner S. MAGE expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma primary tumors, lymph node metastases and respective recurrences-implications for immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14719-14735. [PMID: 28146422 PMCID: PMC5362438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma associated antigens (MAGE) are potential targets for immunotherapy and have been associated with poor overall survival (OS) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, little is known about MAGE in lymph node metastases (LNM) and recurrent disease (RD) of HNSCC.To assess whether MAGE expression increases with metastasis or recurrence, a tissue microarray (TMA) of 552 primary tumors (PT), 219 LNM and 75 RD was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for MAGE antigens using three monoclonal antibodies to multiple MAGE family members. Mean expression intensity (MEI) was obtained from triplicates of each tumor specimen.The median MEI compared between PT, LNM and RD was significantly higher in LNM and RD. In paired samples, MEI was comparable in PT to respective LNM, but significantly different from RD. Up to 25% of patients were negative for pan-MAGE or MAGE-A3/A4 in PT, but positive in RD. The prognostic impact of MAGE expression was validated in the TMA cohort and also in TCGA data (mRNA). OS was significantly lower for patients expressing pan-MAGE or MAGE-A3/A4 in both independent cohorts.MAGE expression was confirmed as a prognostic marker in HNSCC and may be important for immunotherapeutic strategies as a shared antigen.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Melanoma-Specific Antigens/genetics
- Melanoma-Specific Antigens/metabolism
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gregor Giebel
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Doescher
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giulio Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Thierauf
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Romain Remark
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rosemarie Krupar
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Geert Litjens
- Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Grabe
- Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick J. Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Germany
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26
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Sun Z, Wu Z, Zhang F, Guo Q, li L, li K, Chen H, Zhao J, Song D, Huang Q, Li L, Xiao J. PRAME is critical for breast cancer growth and metastasis. Gene 2016; 594:160-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Barabé F, Gil L, Celton M, Bergeron A, Lamontagne V, Roques É, Lagacé K, Forest A, Johnson R, Pécheux L, Simard J, Pelloux J, Bellemare-Pelletier A, Gagnon E, Hébert J, Cellot S, Wilhelm BT. Modeling human MLL-AF9 translocated acute myeloid leukemia from single donors reveals RET as a potential therapeutic target. Leukemia 2016; 31:1166-1176. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Zolkind P, Dunn GP, Lin T, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Uppaluri R. Neoantigens in immunotherapy and personalized vaccines: Implications for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 71:169-176. [PMID: 27751760 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent success of immunotherapies has demonstrated the potency of tumor-specific immune cells in mediating tumor rejection and generating durable tumor immunity. Our understanding of the scientific basis of these responses results from the confluence of a better comprehension of the cancer immunoediting process and the revolution in next generation sequencing of cancer genomes. Recent evidence suggests that T cell specificity for cancer cell expressed mutant proteins - termed neoantigens - is an important component of immune mediated tumor rejection. Improved neoantigen prediction algorithms have made it possible to predict and monitor immune responses to checkpoint inhibitors and adoptively transferred autologous lymphocytes and have enabled the development of tumor-specific therapeutic vaccines. Herein, we review the current research on cancer neoantigens in immunotherapies and its implications for the future of head and neck cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zolkind
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Tianxiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Malachi Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Obi L Griffith
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
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29
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MAGE-A1-6 expression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: impact on clinical patterns and oncologic outcomes. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 21:875-882. [PMID: 27230992 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-0989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various subtypes of melanoma-associated antigens (MAGEs) are expressed in the tumor tissues of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, little data are currently available on how the gene expression of MAGEs impacts clinical patterns and oncologic outcomes. We have therefore evaluated the expression of MAGE-A1-6 (A1-6) subtypes in tumor tissues of patients with HNSCC and the clinical impact of this expression. METHODS This was a retrospective review of 53 patients with histologically proven HNSCC of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx who underwent both treatment and analysis by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay with a common primer to identify the expression of MAGE-A1-6 subtypes in the tumor tissue. The clinicopathologic factors and oncologic outcomes of these patients and the correlations of both to MAGE-A1-6 gene expression were analyzed. RESULTS MAGE-A1-6 subtypes were expressed in the tumor tissues of 37 patients (69.8 %). Patient age of ≥65 years [p = 0.031, hazard ratio (HR) 4.866] and advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (p = 0.035, HR 4.291) were independent risk factors for expression of MAGE-A1-6 subtypes. Patients with MAGE-A1-6 expression had lower disease-free survival (p = 0.029), disease-specific survival (p = 0.070), and overall survival (p = 0.017) rates. Overall survival rate was independently associated to chemotherapy (p = 0.011, HR 2.859), while no surgery (p = 0.050, HR 2.400) and MAGE-A1-6 expression (p = 0.050, HR 2.527) showed borderline significance. CONCLUSION In our patient group the expression of MAGE-A1-6 subtypes in tumor tissues of patients with HNSCC was correlated with advanced clinical stage of cancer and poor oncologic outcomes. We suggest that gene expression of MAGE-A1-6 subtypes may be considered to be a predictive factor to determine patient treatment or follow-up strategy.
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30
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Esfandiary A, Ghafouri-Fard S. New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 and cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:411-39. [PMID: 25917631 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a known cancer testis gene with exceptional immunogenicity and prevalent expression in many cancer types. These characteristics have made it an appropriate vaccine candidate with the potential application against various malignancies. This article reviews recent knowledge about the NY-ESO-1 biology, function, immunogenicity and expression in cancers as well as and the results of clinical trials with this antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esfandiary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
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31
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Lee KD, Lee HS, Kim SW, Park T, Hong JC, Chang HK, Jung SB, Jeon CH, Park JW. Clinical significance of melanoma-associated antigen A1-6 expression in sputum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E736-40. [PMID: 25900108 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported the expression of the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we evaluated the correlations between MAGE expression in sputum and the clinical features and oncologic outcomes of SCC of the larynx and hypopharynx. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 119 patients treated for SCC of the larynx and hypopharynx and analysis of their induced sputum by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the MAGE-A1-6 gene. The associations between MAGE expression and clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Expression of MAGE-A1-6 in sputum was identified in 57 of 119 patients (47.9%), and was independently correlated to double primary cancer (p = .024; odds ratio [OR] = 4.135). Expression of MAGE-A1-6 in sputum was correlated to poor survival. CONCLUSION Expression of MAGE-A1-6 in sputum predicts poor oncologic outcome in patients with SCC of the larynx and hypopharynx. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E736-E740, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Dae Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of South Korea
| | - Hyoung Shin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of South Korea
| | - Taejung Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of South Korea
| | - Jong Chul Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of South Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Chang
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of South Korea
| | - Sang Bong Jung
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Gimhae College, Busan, Republic of South Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of South Korea
| | - Jong Wook Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of South Korea
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32
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Zheng H, Mandal A, Shumilin IA, Chordia MD, Panneerdoss S, Herr JC, Minor W. Sperm Lysozyme-Like Protein 1 (SLLP1), an intra-acrosomal oolemmal-binding sperm protein, reveals filamentous organization in protein crystal form. Andrology 2015; 3:756-71. [PMID: 26198801 PMCID: PMC5040164 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sperm lysozyme-like protein 1 (SLLP1) is one of the lysozyme-like proteins predominantly expressed in mammalian testes that lacks bacteriolytic activity, localizes in the sperm acrosome, and exhibits high affinity for an oolemmal receptor, SAS1B. The crystal structure of mouse SLLP1 (mSLLP1) was determined at 2.15 Å resolution. mSLLP1 monomer adopts a structural fold similar to that of chicken/mouse lysozymes retaining all four canonical disulfide bonds. mSLLP1 is distinct from c-lysozyme by substituting two essential catalytic residues (E35T/D52N), exhibiting different surface charge distribution, and by forming helical filaments approximately 75 Å in diameter with a 25 Å central pore comprised of six monomers per helix turn repeating every 33 Å. Cross-species alignment of all reported SLLP1 sequences revealed a set of invariant surface regions comprising a characteristic fingerprint uniquely identifying SLLP1 from other c-lysozyme family members. The fingerprint surface regions reside around the lips of the putative glycan-binding groove including three polar residues (Y33/E46/H113). A flexible salt bridge (E46-R61) was observed covering the glycan-binding groove. The conservation of these regions may be linked to their involvement in oolemmal protein binding. Interaction between SLLP1 monomer and its oolemmal receptor SAS1B was modeled using protein-protein docking algorithms, utilizing the SLLP1 fingerprint regions along with the SAS1B conserved surface regions. This computational model revealed complementarity between the conserved SLLP1/SAS1B interacting surfaces supporting the experimentally observed SLLP1/SAS1B interaction involved in fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zheng
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Arabinda Mandal
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research in Contraceptive and Reproductive Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Igor A. Shumilin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mahendra D. Chordia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Subbarayalu Panneerdoss
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research in Contraceptive and Reproductive Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John C. Herr
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research in Contraceptive and Reproductive Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Correspondence: Wladek Minor, Ph.D., Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800736, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0736, USA. Ph: +1 434 243-6865; Fax: +1 434 982-1616; , John C. Herr, Ph.D., Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800732, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA. Ph: +1 434 924-2007; Fax: +1 434 982-3912;
| | - Wladek Minor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Correspondence: Wladek Minor, Ph.D., Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800736, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0736, USA. Ph: +1 434 243-6865; Fax: +1 434 982-1616; , John C. Herr, Ph.D., Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800732, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA. Ph: +1 434 924-2007; Fax: +1 434 982-3912;
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Zamunér FT, Karia BTR, de Oliveira CZ, Santos CRD, Carvalho AL, Vettore AL. A Comprehensive Expression Analysis of Cancer Testis Antigens in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Revels MAGEA3/6 as a Marker for Recurrence. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:828-34. [PMID: 25564441 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the survival rate has not changed in the last decades. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is pursued. Cancer-testis antigens (CTA) are strong immunogenic proteins with a tumor-restricted expression pattern, and are considered ideal targets for tumor-specific immunotherapeutic approaches. In this study, using an in silico approach, we selected, among 139 previously described CTA, candidates to be evaluated in 89 HNSCC and 20 normal mucosa samples. SPANX-CD (71.9%), MAGEB2 (44.9%), MAGEA1 (44.9%), MAGEB6 (32.6%), and CXORF48 (27.0%) were found frequently expressed in HNSCC, and over 85% of the tumors expressed at least one of these five CTAs. The mRNA positivity of CXORF48, MAGEB6, and CRISP2 presented significant associations with recognized clinical features for poor outcome. Furthermore, MAGEA3/6 positivity was associated with significantly better disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.014), and the expression of this antigen was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence. In conclusion, one of five selected CTAs is expressed in at least 85% of the HNSCCs, suggesting a possible usage as target for immunotherapeutic approaches, and the mRNA-positivity for MAGEA3/6 is shown to be an independent marker for DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Tadeu Zamunér
- Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Bruno Takao Real Karia
- Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Vettore
- Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil. Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
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Domae S, Ono T, Sasaki A. Cancer/testis antigens: A prospective reagent as diagnostic and immunotherapeutic targets for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Frequent expression of zinc-finger protein ZNF165 in human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Immunobiology 2014; 220:68-73. [PMID: 25214475 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate mRNA/protein expression of zinc finger protein 165 (ZNF165) in transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of urinary bladder and correlate its expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. In this study, the methods of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to evaluate mRNA/protein expression of ZNF165 in TCC. Independent Student's t test, ANOVA and Chi-square (χ(2)) were used to analyze the data statistically. We observed overexpression of ZNF165 mRNA in testis and majority (59.2%) of TCC patients. ZNF165 mRNA expression was also detected in adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANCTs) and some other normal tissues. Relative mean fold expression of ZNF165 mRNA was found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) as compared to non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. (12.11±9.57 vs. 5.72±2.61, p=0.009). ZNF165 protein expression was demonstrated on archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bladder tissues using IHC and nuclear staining pattern was detected. No significant difference was observed in protein expression of ZNF165 between the two groups (NMIBC and MIBC patients) (61.1% vs. 55.2%, p=0.629). No significant protein expression of ZNF165 was observed among ANCTs and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) used as control. Our study results suggest that ZNF165 mRNA/protein expression was observed in TCC of human urinary bladder and might be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker and as well a vaccine target in development of urinary bladder cancer specific immunotherapy.
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Laban S, Atanackovic D, Luetkens T, Knecht R, Busch CJ, Freytag M, Spagnoli G, Ritter G, Hoffmann TK, Knuth A, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Blessmann M, Borgmann K, Muenscher A, Clauditz TS. Simultaneous cytoplasmic and nuclear protein expression of melanoma antigen-A family and NY-ESO-1 cancer-testis antigens represents an independent marker for poor survival in head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1142-52. [PMID: 24482145 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients remains poor. The identification of high-risk subgroups is needed for the development of custom-tailored therapies. The expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) has been linked to a worse prognosis in other cancer types; however, their prognostic value in HNSCC is unclear because only few patients have been examined and data on CTA protein expression are sparse. A tissue microarray consisting of tumor samples from 453 HNSCC patients was evaluated for the expression of CTA proteins using immunohistochemistry. Frequency of expression and the subcellular expression pattern (nuclear, cytoplasmic, or both) was recorded. Protein expression of melanoma antigen (MAGE)-A family CTA, MAGE-C family CTA and NY-ESO-1 was found in approximately 30, 7 and 4% of tumors, respectively. The subcellular expression pattern in particular had a marked impact on the patients' prognosis. Median overall survival (OS) of patients with (i) simultaneous cytoplasmic and nuclear expression compared to (ii) either cytoplasmic or nuclear expression and (iii) negative patients was 23.0 versus 109.0 versus 102.5 months, for pan-MAGE (p < 0.0001), 46.6 versus 50.0 versus 109.0 for MAGE-A3/A4 (p = 0.0074) and 13.3 versus 50.0 versus 100.2 months for NY-ESO-1 (p = 0.0019). By multivariate analysis, these factors were confirmed as independent markers for poor survival. HNSCC patients showing protein expression of MAGE-A family members or NY-ESO-1 represent a subgroup with an extraordinarily poor survival. The development of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these CTA may, therefore, be a promising approach to improve the outcome of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
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37
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Liu Y, Ying W, Ren Z, Gu W, Zhang Y, Yan G, Yang P, Liu Y, Yin X, Chang C, Jiang J, Fan F, Zhang C, Xu P, Wang Q, Wen B, Lin L, Wang T, Du C, Zhong J, Wang T, He QY, Qian X, Lou X, Zhang G, Zhong F. Chromosome-8-coded proteome of Chinese Chromosome Proteome Data set (CCPD) 2.0 with partial immunohistochemical verifications. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:126-36. [PMID: 24328083 DOI: 10.1021/pr400902u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We upgraded the preliminary CCPD 1.0 to CCPD 2.0 using the latest deep-profiling proteome (CCPD 2013) of three hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, namely, Hep3B, MHCC97H, and HCCLM3 (ProteomeXchange identifiers: PXD000529, PXD000533, and PXD000535). CCPD 2.0 totally covered 63.6% (438/689) of Chr. 8-coded proteins and 62.6% (439/701) of Chr. 8-coded protein-coding genes. Interestingly, we found that the missing proteins exhibited a tendency to form a cluster region in chromosomes, such as two β-defensins clusters in Chr. 8, caused perhaps by their inflammation-related features. For the 41 Chr. 8-coded proteins being weakly or barely identified previously, we have performed an immunohistochemical (IHC) verification in 30 pairs of carcinoma/para-carcinoma HCC and 20 noncancerous liver tissues and confirmed their expressional evidence and occurrence proportions in tissue samples. We also verified 13 Chr. 8-coded HCC tumorigenesis-associated depleting or deficient proteins reported in CCPD 1.0 using IHC and screened 16 positive and 24 negative HCC metastatic potential-correlated proteins from large-scale label-free proteome quantitation data of CCPD 2013. Our results suggest that the selection of proper samples and the methodology to look for targeted missing proteins should be carefully considered in further verifications for the remaining Chr. 8-coded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Mingdao Bldg. 815, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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38
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Piotti KC, Scognamiglio T, Chiu R, Chen YT. Expression of cancer/testis (CT) antigens in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: evaluation as markers of squamous dysplasia. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:721-6. [PMID: 24011616 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens, normally only expressed in germ cells of adult testis, can be activated in malignancy as tumor-specific antigens. The potential value of CT antigens as biomarkers in the evaluation of mucosal squamous precursor lesions of the head and neck has not been investigated. The expression of 8 CT antigens (MAGE-A, GAGE, NY-ESO-1, CT7, CT10, SAGE1, CT45 and NXF2) in 76 cases of invasive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was evaluated immunohistochemically. 65 mucosal biopsies of squamous dysplasia and 55 squamous papillomas with dysplasia were analyzed for 6 CT antigens, using an antibody cocktail. Of invasive SCC, 66% (50/76) expressed at least one CT antigen, most commonly MAGE-A (47%). Among the biopsies, only 1 of 55 squamous papillomas was CT-positive, whereas 8 of 65 (12%) squamous dysplasia lesions were CT-positive. These 8 CT-positive biopsies were from 6 patients, 3 of which had concurrent or subsequent SCC. CT antigens are frequently expressed in head and neck SCC; however, there was no difference in the clinicopathological characteristics or behavior of CT-positive tumors compared to CT-negative tumors. The usefulness of CT antigens as positive predictors for SCC in squamous dysplasia biopsies remains to be determined by long-term follow-up in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Piotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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39
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Tumor-specific expression of organic anion-transporting polypeptides: transporters as novel targets for cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:863539. [PMID: 23431456 PMCID: PMC3574750 DOI: 10.1155/2013/863539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Members of the organic anion transporter family (OATP) mediate the transmembrane uptake of clinical important drugs and hormones thereby affecting drug disposition and tissue penetration. Particularly OATP subfamily 1 is known to mediate the cellular uptake of anticancer drugs (e.g., methotrexate, derivatives of taxol and camptothecin, flavopiridol, and imatinib). Tissue-specific expression was shown for OATP1B1/OATP1B3 in liver, OATP4C1 in kidney, and OATP6A1 in testis, while other OATPs, for example, OATP4A1, are expressed in multiple cells and organs. Many different tumor entities show an altered expression of OATPs. OATP1B1/OATP1B3 are downregulated in liver tumors, but highly expressed in cancers in the gastrointestinal tract, breast, prostate, and lung. Similarly, testis-specific OATP6A1 is expressed in cancers in the lung, brain, and bladder. Due to their presence in various cancer tissues and their limited expression in normal tissues, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP6A1 could be a target for tumor immunotherapy. Otherwise, high levels of ubiquitous expressed OATP4A1 are found in colorectal cancers and their metastases. Therefore, this OATP might serve as biomarkers for these tumors. Expression of OATP is regulated by nuclear receptors, inflammatory cytokines, tissue factors, and also posttranslational modifications of the proteins. Through these processes, the distribution of the transporter in the tissue will be altered, and a shift from the plasma membrane to cytoplasmic compartments is possible. It will modify OATP uptake properties and, subsequently, change intracellular concentrations of drugs, hormones, and various other OATP substrates. Therefore, screening tumors for OATP expression before therapy should lead to an OATP-targeted therapy with higher efficacy and decreased side effects.
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Soga N, Hori Y, Yamakado K, Ikeda H, Imai N, Kageyama S, Nakase K, Yuta A, Hayashi N, Shiku H, Sugimura Y. Limited expression of cancer-testis antigens in renal cell carcinoma patients. Mol Clin Oncol 2012; 1:326-330. [PMID: 24649170 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of expression of the cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4 and SAGE, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients compared to that in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, which represent a positive control with a high incidence of CTA expression, to identify novel target antigens for immunotherapy. We prospectively examined frozen tissue samples collected from surgery or biopsy from 35 RCC and 40 HNC patients. Total RNA was extracted, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT)-PCR was performed to determine the expression of MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1 and SAGE. MAGE-A4 was not detected in any of the RCC samples, although a low incidence of NY-ESO-1 (5.7%; 2/35) and SAGE (2.9%; 1/35) expression was observed. No samples demonstrated co-expression of the three CTAs. By contrast, a comparatively high incidence of CTA expression was detected in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) specimens of HNC patients. The actual incidence was 42.5% (17/40) for MAGE-A4, 20% (8/40) for NY-ESO-1 and 15% (6/40) for SAGE. The incidence of co-expression was 7.5% (3/40) for MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1, 7.5% (3/40) for MAGE-A4 and SAGE, 7.5% (3/40) for NY-ESO-1 and SAGE, and 2.5% (1/40) for the CTAs. The number of HNC samples positive for MAGE-A4 was significantly higher compared to that of RCC samples. The remaining two antigens, NY-ESO-1 and SAGE, were expressed at high levels in HNC compared to RCC samples. Limited frequency of CTA (NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4 and SAGE) expression was demonstrated in RCC compared to HNC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Soga
- Division of Urology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681
| | - Yasuhide Hori
- Divisions of Nephro-Urologic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yamakado
- Radiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naoko Imai
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kageyama
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakase
- Cancer Center, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yuta
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norio Hayashi
- Division of Urology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan ; Cancer Vaccine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sugimura
- Divisions of Nephro-Urologic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Ries J, Agaimy A, Vairaktaris E, Kwon Y, Neukam FW, Strassburg LH, Nkenke E. Evaluation of MAGE-A expression and grade of dysplasia for predicting malignant progression of oral leukoplakia. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1085-93. [PMID: 22751922 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia (OLP) is difficult to predict by histopathology. Melanoma-associated antigen-A (MAGE-A) expression is restricted to malignant cells and may be useful for the more accurate estimation of the potential malignant transformation of pre-malignant lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the expression of MAGE-A can be used to predict the malignant transformation of OLP. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples of OLP from 74 patients followed-up for at least 5 years were included. A total of 24 progressing and 50 non-progressing OLP, 18 corresponding tumor and 30 healthy mucosa specimens were analysed for MAGE-A 1, 3, 4, 6 10 and 12 expression by nested real‑time RT-PCR and graded for dysplasia. In total, 46% of the progressing lesions expressed at least 1 out of the examined MAGE-A antigens, whereas no expression was detected in any of the non-progressing OLP and normal specimens. The correlation between malignant transformation and MAGE-A expression was statistically significant (p=0.00001). Furthermore, 42% of the progressing OLPs without dysplasia (D0) expressed at least 1 antigen. The correlation between the grade of dysplasia and MAGE-A staining in the malignant transformation group was not significant (p=0.08). The detection of at least 1 MAGE-A antigen may allow the identification of high-risk lesions that may progress into carcinoma with time. Therefore, the investigation of MAGE-A expression should be assessed in order to obtain a more accurate evaluation of the potential cancer risk of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany.
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42
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Rousseaux S, Khochbin S. New hypotheses for large-scale epigenome alterations in somatic cancer cells: a role for male germ-cell-specific regulators. Epigenomics 2012; 1:153-61. [PMID: 22122641 DOI: 10.2217/epi.09.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic cell transformation is consistently associated with alterations of the cell epigenome leading to aberrant gene repression and activation. Some of these events, such as the DNA-methylation-based silencing of tumor suppressor genes, are considered to be oncogenic themselves. A much less-studied consequence of these epigenetic misregulations is the abnormal activation of tissue-specific genes in precancerous and transformed cells. Here, we explore the idea that the aberrant expression of germ-cell-specific genes in somatic cancer cells could contribute to malignant cell transformation and cancer progression. Indeed, a significant number of papers have reported the abnormal activation of germ cell-specific genes in various somatic cancers (known as cancer testis [C/T] antigens or factors). Although in most cases the physiological function of these genes remains unknown, functional investigations suggest that they can act as potent genome, epigenome and cellular reorganizers. Hence, in view of the existing literature, we discuss the hypothesis that C/T activation in somatic cells is not only a consequence of global epigenetic deregulation, but also a cause of further large-scale alterations of the epigenome, which themselves have direct oncogenic consequences for the affected cells. Finally, we highlight the fact that C/T factors have the potential to serve as valuable markers for cancer detection, as well as provide promising targets for developing new therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rousseaux
- INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France.
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43
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Allen CT, Judd NP, Bui JD, Uppaluri R. The clinical implications of antitumor immunity in head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope 2011; 122:144-57. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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44
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Montoro JRDMC, Mamede RCM, Neder Serafini L, Saggioro FP, Figueiredo DLA, Silva WAD, Jungbluth AA, Spagnoli GC, Zago MA. Expression of cancer-testis antigens MAGE-A4 and MAGE-C1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2011; 34:1123-8. [PMID: 22083937 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor markers are genes or their products expressed exclusively or preferentially in tumor cells and cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) form a group of genes with a typical expression pattern expressed in a variety of malignant neoplasms. CTAs are considered potential targets for cancer vaccines. It is possible that the CTA MAGE-A4 (melanoma antigen) and MAGE-C1 are expressed in carcinoma of the oral cavity and are related with survival. METHODS This study involved immunohistochemical analysis of 23 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and was carried out using antibodies for MAGE-A4 and MAGE-C1. Fisher's exact test and log-rank test were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS The expression of the MAGE-A4 and MAGE-C1 were 56.5% and 47.8% without statistical difference in studied variables and survival. CONCLUSION The expression of at least 1 CTA was present in 78.3% of the patients, however, without correlation with clinicopathologic variables and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Raphael de Moura Campos Montoro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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45
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Atanackovic D, Luetkens T, Kloth B, Fuchs G, Cao Y, Hildebrandt Y, Meyer S, Bartels K, Reinhard H, Lajmi N, Hegewisch-Becker S, Schilling G, Platzbecker U, Kobbe G, Schroeder T, Bokemeyer C, Kröger N. Cancer-testis antigen expression and its epigenetic modulation in acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2011; 86:918-22. [PMID: 21898529 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigens (CTA) represent attractive targets for tumor immunotherapy. However, a broad picture of CTA expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is missing. CTA expression was analyzed in normal bone marrow (BM) as well as in AML cell lines before and after treatment with demethylating agents and/or histone acetylase inhibitors. Presence of selected CTA with a strictly tumor-restricted expression was then determined in samples of patients with AML before and after demethylating therapy. Screening AML cell lines for the expression of 20 CTA, we identified six genes (MAGE-A3, PRAME, ROPN1, SCP-1, SLLP1, and SPO11) with an AML-restricted expression. Analyzing the expression of these CTA in blast-containing samples from AML patients (N = 64), we found all samples to be negative for MAGE-A3 and SPO11 while a minority of patients expressed ROPN1 (1.6%), SCP-1 (3.1%), or SLLP1 (9.4%). The only CTA expressed in substantial proportion of patients (53.1%) was PRAME. Following demethylating treatment with 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, we observed an increased or de novo expression of CTA, in particular of SSX-2, in AML cell lines. In AML patients, we detected increased expression of PRAME and induction of SSX-2 after demethylating therapy with 5-azacytidine. With the exception of PRAME, CTA are mostly absent from AML blasts. However, demethylating treatment induces strong expression of CTA, particularly of SSX-2, in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we propose that CTA-specific immunotherapy for AML should preferentially target PRAME and/or should be combined with the application of demethylating agents opening the perspective for alternative targets like CTA SSX-2.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation
- Decitabine
- Epigenomics
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydroxamic Acids/adverse effects
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje Atanackovic
- Center of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology/Hematology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
The concept of immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer patients has been in existence for decades. However, more recent immune therapeutic approaches have involved targeting of tumor-specific antigens. Although improvements have been made in using such immune stimulatory treatment strategies for a variety of solid cancers, the use of these strategies for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is lagging behind. Immunotherapeutic approaches for HNSCC are particularly complicated by the profound immune suppression that is induced by HNSCC, which potentially decreases the effectiveness of immune stimulatory efforts. Trials involving patients with various solid cancers have shown the enhanced effectiveness of combining various immunotherapeutic approaches or combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Treatment of HNSCC with such combination approaches has not been extensively investigated and has the added challenge of the need to overcome the HNSCC-induced immune suppression. This study focuses on clinical trials that have tested immunotherapeutic approaches for HNSCC patients and the challenges associated with such approaches. In addition, it will call attention to immunotherapeutic strategies that have been shown to be successful in the treatment of other solid cancers to identify potential strategies that may apply to the treatment of HNSCC.
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Huda A, Bowen NJ, Conley AB, Jordan IK. Epigenetic regulation of transposable element derived human gene promoters. Gene 2011; 475:39-48. [PMID: 21215797 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It was previously thought that epigenetic histone modifications of mammalian transposable elements (TEs) serve primarily to defend the genome against deleterious effects associated with their activity. However, we recently showed that, genome-wide, human TEs can also be epigenetically modified in a manner consistent with their ability to regulate host genes. Here, we explore the ability of TE sequences to epigenetically regulate individual human genes by focusing on the histone modifications of promoter sequences derived from TEs. We found 1520 human genes that initiate transcription from within TE-derived promoter sequences. We evaluated the distributions of eight histone modifications across these TE-promoters, within and between the GM12878 and K562 cell lines, and related their modification status with the cell-type specific expression patterns of the genes that they regulate. TE-derived promoters are significantly enriched for active histone modifications, and depleted for repressive modifications, relative to the genomic background. Active histone modifications of TE-promoters peak at transcription start sites and are positively correlated with increasing expression within cell lines. Furthermore, differential modification of TE-derived promoters between cell lines is significantly correlated with differential gene expression. LTR-retrotransposon derived promoters in particular play a prominent role in mediating cell-type specific gene regulation, and a number of these LTR-promoter genes are implicated in lineage-specific cellular functions. The regulation of human genes mediated by histone modifications targeted to TE-derived promoters is consistent with the ability of TEs to contribute to the epigenomic landscape in a way that provides functional utility to the host genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Huda
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Pastorcic-Grgic M, Sarcevic B, Dosen D, Juretic A, Spagnoli GC, Grgic M. Prognostic value of MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 expression in pharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2010; 32:1178-84. [PMID: 20029985 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of cancer testis antigens in pharyngeal cancer is understudied. METHODS We recruited 90 patients who were treated for pharyngeal cancer. Monoclonal antibodies 57B and B9.8.1.1 were used for detection of MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 genes. RESULTS MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 gene products were detectable in 70.0% and 33.3% of pharyngeal tumors, respectively. No correlation was established between MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 expression and TNM staging at presentation. Survival analysis showed a trend toward a shorter 5-year disease-free survival in the group of patients with MAGE-A-positive tumors (log-rank test, p = .122). In contrast, a trend toward a prolonged 5-year disease-free survival was observed in the group of patients with NY-ESO-1-positive tumors (log-rank test, p = .219). CONCLUSION In a large population of patients with pharyngeal cancer and available 5-year survival data, prognosis tended to be poorer with MAGE-A expression and better with NY-ESO-1 expression, but the correlations did not reach statistical significance.
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Cuffel C, Rivals JP, Zaugg Y, Salvi S, Seelentag W, Speiser DE, Liénard D, Monnier P, Romero P, Bron L, Rimoldi D. Pattern and clinical significance of cancer-testis gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:2625-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Walter A, Barysch MJ, Behnke S, Dziunycz P, Schmid B, Ritter E, Gnjatic S, Kristiansen G, Moch H, Knuth A, Dummer R, van den Broek M. Cancer-Testis Antigens and Immunosurveillance in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell and Basal Cell Carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3562-70. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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