1
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Wang Q, Lu W, Lu L, Wu R, Wu D. miR-575/RIPK4 axis modulates cell cycle progression and proliferation by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through inhibiting RUNX1 in colon cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1747-1766. [PMID: 38480605 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein serine/threonine kinase 4 (RIPK4) is widely involved in human cancer development. Nevertheless, its role in colon cancer (COAD) has not been elucidated till now. Our research aimed at exploring the function and underlying molecular mechanism of RIPK4 in COAD progression. Through bioinformatic analyses and RT-qPCR, RIPK4 was discovered to be increased in COAD cells and tissues, and its high level predicted poor prognosis. Loss-of-function assays revealed that RIPK4 silencing suppressed COAD cell growth, induced cell cycle arrest, and enhanced cell apoptosis. In vivo experiments also proved that tumor growth was inhibited by silencing of RIPK4. Luciferase reporter assay validated that RIPK4 was targeted and negatively regulated by miR-575. Western blotting demonstrated that Wnt3a, phosphorylated (p)-GSK-3β, and cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin protein levels, β-catenin nuclear translocation, and Cyclin D1, CDK4, Cyclin E, and c-Myc protein levels were reduced by RIPK4 knockdown, which however was reversed by treatment with LiCl, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator. LiCl also offset the influence of RIPK4 knockdown on COAD cell growth, cell cycle process, and apoptosis. Finally, RIPK4 downregulation reduced RUNX1 level, which was upregulated in COAD and its high level predicted poor prognosis. RIPK4 is positively associated with RUNX1 in COAD. Overexpressing RUNX1 antagonized the suppression of RIPK4 knockdown on RUNX1, Wnt3a, p-GSK-3β, cytoplasmic β-catenin, nuclear β-catenin, Cyclin D1, CDK4, Cyclin E, and c-Myc levels. Collectively, miR-575/RIPK4 axis repressed COAD progression via inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through downregulating RUNX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 16 Zhuodaoquan South Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Weijun Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 16 Zhuodaoquan South Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Li Lu
- Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ruopu Wu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Dongde Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 16 Zhuodaoquan South Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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2
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Itonaga H, Mookhtiar AK, Greenblatt SM, Liu F, Martinez C, Bilbao D, Rains M, Hamard PJ, Sun J, Umeano AC, Duffort S, Chen C, Man N, Mas G, Tottone L, Totiger T, Bradley T, Taylor J, Schürer S, Nimer SD. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CARM1 promotes its enzymatic activity and alters its target specificity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3415. [PMID: 38649367 PMCID: PMC11035800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An important epigenetic component of tyrosine kinase signaling is the phosphorylation of histones, and epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers. Phosphorylation of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), have been shown to enhance and impair their enzymatic activity. In this study, we show that the hyperactivation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) by the V617F mutation phosphorylates tyrosine residues (Y149 and Y334) in coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), an important target in hematologic malignancies, increasing its methyltransferase activity and altering its target specificity. While non-phosphorylatable CARM1 methylates some established substrates (e.g. BAF155 and PABP1), only phospho-CARM1 methylates the RUNX1 transcription factor, on R223 and R319. Furthermore, cells expressing non-phosphorylatable CARM1 have impaired cell-cycle progression and increased apoptosis, compared to cells expressing phosphorylatable, wild-type CARM1, with reduced expression of genes associated with G2/M cell cycle progression and anti-apoptosis. The presence of the JAK2-V617F mutant kinase renders acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells less sensitive to CARM1 inhibition, and we show that the dual targeting of JAK2 and CARM1 is more effective than monotherapy in AML cells expressing phospho-CARM1. Thus, the phosphorylation of CARM1 by hyperactivated JAK2 regulates its methyltransferase activity, helps select its substrates, and is required for the maximal proliferation of malignant myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Itonaga
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Adnan K Mookhtiar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sarah M Greenblatt
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Concepcion Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Masai Rains
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Hamard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Center for Epigenetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Afoma C Umeano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Duffort
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gloria Mas
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Luca Tottone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tulasigeri Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Terrence Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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3
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Chen X, Wang L, Yang M, Zhao W, Tu J, Liu B, Yuan X. RUNX transcription factors: biological functions and implications in cancer. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38430423 PMCID: PMC10908630 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) are a family of transcription factors that are essential for normal and malignant hematopoietic processes. Their most widely recognized role in malignancy is to promote the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia. However, it is worth noting that during the last decade, studies of RUNX proteins in solid tumors have made considerable progress, suggesting that these proteins are directly involved in different stages of tumor development, including tumor initiation, progression, and invasion. RUNX proteins also play a role in tumor angiogenesis, the maintenance of tumor cell stemness, and resistance to antitumor drugs. These findings have led to the consideration of RUNX as a tumor biomarker. All RUNX proteins are involved in the occurrence and development of solid tumors, but the role of each RUNX protein in different tumors and the major signaling pathways involved are complicated by tumor heterogeneity and the interacting tumor microenvironment. Understanding how the dysregulation of RUNX in tumors affects normal biological processes is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RUNX affects malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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4
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Chen Y, He Z, Yang S, Chen C, Xiong W, He Y, Liu S. RUNX1 knockdown induced apoptosis and impaired EMT in high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells. J Transl Med 2023; 21:886. [PMID: 38057816 PMCID: PMC10702124 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic illnesses worldwide. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a gynecological tumor that accounts for roughly 70% of ovarian cancer deaths in women. Runt-related transcription factor 1(RUNX1) proteins were identified with overexpression in the HGSOC. However, the roles of RUNX1 in the development of HGSOC are poorly understood. In this study, combined with whole-transcriptome analysis and multiple research methods, RUNX1 was identified as vital in developing HGSOC. RUNX1 knockdown inhibits the physiological function of ovarian cancer cells and regulates apoptosis through the FOXO1-Bcl2 axis. Down-regulated RUNX1 impairs EMT function through the EGFR-AKT-STAT3 axis signaling. In addition, RUNX1 knockdown can significantly increase the sensitivity to clinical drug therapy for ovarian cancer. It is strongly suggested that RUNX1 work as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for HGSOC patients with better prognoses and treatment options. It is possible to generate novel potential targeted therapy strategies and translational applications for serous ovarian carcinoma patients with better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenyong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - YingYing He
- School of Chemical Science & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China.
| | - Shubai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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5
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Krajnović M, Kožik B, Božović A, Jovanović-Ćupić S. Multiple Roles of the RUNX Gene Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Potential Clinical Implications. Cells 2023; 12:2303. [PMID: 37759525 PMCID: PMC10527445 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers in humans, characterised by a high resistance to conventional chemotherapy, late diagnosis, and a high mortality rate. It is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes. The Runt-related (RUNX) family of transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3) participates in cardinal biological processes and plays paramount roles in the pathogenesis of numerous human malignancies. Their role is often controversial as they can act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors and depends on cellular context. Evidence shows that deregulated RUNX genes may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis from the earliest to the latest stages. In this review, we summarise the topical evidence on the roles of RUNX gene family members in HCC. We discuss their possible application as non-invasive molecular markers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel treatment strategies in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bojana Kožik
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Vinča, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (A.B.); (S.J.-Ć.)
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6
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Chen Y, He Y, Liu S. RUNX1-Regulated Signaling Pathways in Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2357. [PMID: 37760803 PMCID: PMC10525517 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological death worldwide, and its poor prognosis and high mortality seriously affect the life of ovarian cancer patients. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) has been widely studied in hematological diseases and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of hematological diseases. In recent years, studies have reported the roles of RUNX1 in solid tumors, including the significantly increased expression of RUNX1 in ovarian cancer. In ovarian cancer, the dysregulation of the RUNX1 signaling pathway has been implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. At the same time, the decreased expression of RUNX1 in ovarian cancer can significantly improve the sensitivity of clinical chemotherapy and provide theoretical support for the subsequent diagnosis and treatment target of ovarian cancer, providing prognosis and treatment options to patients with ovarian cancer. However, the role of RUNX1 in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between RUNX1 and the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer, as well as the closely regulated signaling pathways, to provide some inspiration and theoretical support for future research on RUNX1 in ovarian cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingying He
- School of Chemical Science & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shubai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Janta S, Pranweerapaiboon K, Vivithanaporn P, Plubrukarn A, Chairoungdua A, Prasertsuksri P, Apisawetakan S, Chaithirayanon K. Holothurin A Inhibits RUNX1-Enhanced EMT in Metastasis Prostate Cancer via the Akt/JNK and P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:345. [PMID: 37367670 DOI: 10.3390/md21060345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the challenge of prostate cancer (PCa) management, there has been a surge in efforts to identify more safe and effective compounds that can modulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for driving metastasis. Holothurin A (HA), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Holothuria scabra, has now been characterized for its diverse biological activities. However, the mechanisms of HA in EMT-driven metastasis of human PCa cell lines has not yet been investigated. Moreover, runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) acts as an oncogene in prostate cancer, but little is known about its role in the EMT. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine how RUNX1 influences EMT-mediated metastasis, as well as the potential effect of HA on EMT-mediated metastasis in endogenous and exogenous RUNX1 expressions of PCa cell lines. The results demonstrated that RUNX1 overexpression could promote the EMT phenotype with increased EMT markers, consequently driving metastatic migration and invasion in PC3 cell line through the activation of Akt/MAPK signaling pathways. Intriguingly, HA treatment could antagonize the EMT program in endogenous and exogenous RUNX1-expressing PCa cell lines. A decreasing metastasis of both HA-treated cell lines was evidenced through a downregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 via the Akt/P38/JNK-MAPK signaling pathway. Overall, our approach first demonstrated that RUNX1 enhanced EMT-driven prostate cancer metastasis and that HA was capable of inhibiting the EMT and metastatic processes and should probably be considered as a candidate for metastasis PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirorat Janta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanta Pranweerapaiboon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10540, Thailand
| | - Anuchit Plubrukarn
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 09112, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Somjai Apisawetakan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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8
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Genetics and Molecular Basis of Congenital Heart Defects in Down Syndrome: Role of Extracellular Matrix Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032918. [PMID: 36769235 PMCID: PMC9918028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), a complex disorder that is caused by the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is a major cause of congenital heart defects (CHD). Interestingly, only about 50% of individuals with Hsa21 trisomy manifest CHD. Here we review the genetic basis of CHD in DS, focusing on genes that regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. The overexpression of Hsa21 genes likely underlies the molecular mechanisms that contribute to CHD, even though the genes responsible for CHD could only be located in a critical region of Hsa21. A role in causing CHD has been attributed not only to protein-coding Hsa21 genes, but also to genes on other chromosomes, as well as miRNAs and lncRNAs. It is likely that the contribution of more than one gene is required, and that the overexpression of Hsa21 genes acts in combination with other genetic events, such as specific mutations or polymorphisms, amplifying their effect. Moreover, a key function in determining alterations in cardiac morphogenesis might be played by ECM. A large number of genes encoding ECM proteins are overexpressed in trisomic human fetal hearts, and many of them appear to be under the control of a Hsa21 gene, the RUNX1 transcription factor.
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9
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Bridges K, Yao HHC, Nicol B. Loss of Runx1 Induces Granulosa Cell Defects and Development of Ovarian Tumors in the Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214442. [PMID: 36430923 PMCID: PMC9697285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations of the RUNX1 gene are associated with a variety of malignancies, including female-related cancers. The role of RUNX1 as either a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene is tissue-dependent and varies based on the cancer type. Both the amplification and deletion of the RUNX1 gene have been associated with ovarian cancer in humans. In this study, we investigated the effects of Runx1 loss on ovarian pathogenesis in mice. A conditional loss of Runx1 in the somatic cells of the ovary led to an increased prevalence of ovarian tumors in aged mice. By the age of 15 months, 27% of Runx1 knockout (KO) females developed ovarian tumors that presented characteristics of granulosa cell tumors. While ovaries from young adult mice did not display tumors, they all contained abnormal follicle-like lesions. The granulosa cells composing these follicle-like lesions were quiescent, displayed defects in differentiation and were organized in a rosette-like pattern. The RNA-sequencing analysis further revealed differentially expressed genes in Runx1 KO ovaries, including genes involved in metaplasia, ovarian cancer, epithelial cell development, tight junctions, cell-cell adhesion, and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Together, this study showed that Runx1 is required for normal granulosa cell differentiation and prevention of ovarian tumor development in mice.
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10
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RUNX Proteins as Epigenetic Modulators in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223687. [PMID: 36429115 PMCID: PMC9688118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX proteins are highly conserved in metazoans and perform critical functions during development. Dysregulation of RUNX proteins through various molecular mechanisms facilitates the development and progression of various cancers, where different RUNX proteins show tumor type-specific functions and regulate different aspects of tumorigenesis by cross-talking with different signaling pathways such as Wnt, TGF-β, and Hippo. Molecularly, they could serve as transcription factors (TFs) to activate their direct target genes or interact with many other TFs to modulate chromatin architecture globally. Here, we review the current knowledge on the functions and regulations of RUNX proteins in different cancer types and highlight their potential role as epigenetic modulators in cancer.
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11
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Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Szafron LA, Kulesza M, Stachurska A, Leszczynski P, Tomczyk-Szatkowska A, Sobiczewski P, Parada J, Kulinczak M, Moes-Sosnowska J, Pienkowska-Grela B, Kupryjanczyk J, Chechlinska M, Szafron LM. PROM1, CXCL8, RUNX1, NAV1 and TP73 genes as independent markers predictive of prognosis or response to treatment in two cohorts of high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271539. [PMID: 35867729 PMCID: PMC9307210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the vast biological diversity and high mortality rate in high-grade ovarian cancers, identification of novel biomarkers, enabling precise diagnosis and effective, less aggravating treatment, is of paramount importance. Based on scientific literature data, we selected 80 cancer-related genes and evaluated their mRNA expression in 70 high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) samples by Real-Time qPCR. The results were validated in an independent Northern American cohort of 85 HGSOC patients with publicly available NGS RNA-seq data. Detailed statistical analyses of our cohort with multivariate Cox and logistic regression models considering clinico-pathological data and different TP53 mutation statuses, revealed an altered expression of 49 genes to affect the prognosis and/or treatment response. Next, these genes were investigated in the validation cohort, to confirm the clinical significance of their expression alterations, and to identify genetic variants with an expected high or moderate impact on their products. The expression changes of five genes, PROM1, CXCL8, RUNX1, NAV1, TP73, were found to predict prognosis or response to treatment in both cohorts, depending on the TP53 mutation status. In addition, we revealed novel and confirmed known SNPs in these genes, and showed that SNPs in the PROM1 gene correlated with its elevated expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cancer Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laura Aleksandra Szafron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulesza
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cancer Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cancer Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Leszczynski
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cancer Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk-Szatkowska
- Department of Cancer Pathomorphology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobiczewski
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Parada
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kulinczak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Pienkowska-Grela
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Cancer Pathomorphology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chechlinska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Michal Szafron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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12
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Lou J, Wei L, Wang H. SCNN1A Overexpression Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1743-1763. [PMID: 35221714 PMCID: PMC8865762 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s351976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian cancer (OV) is a common malignancy affecting women globally; recognizing useful biomarkers has been one of the key priorities. Since SCNN1A was reported to be relevant to tumor progression in a variety of cancers, but rarely in ovarian cancer, we explored the roles of SCNN1A in OV. Methods RNA sequencing data from TCGA and GEO were utilized to analyze the expression of SCNN1A and related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ovarian cancer. We performed GO, GSEA and immune cell infiltration analysis on SCNN1A-associated DEGs. Correlation of SCNN1A methylation levels and its mRNA expression was analyzed by cBioPortal and UCSC Xena databases. To assess the prognostic impact of SCNN1A, Kaplan–Meier plot analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed; ROC curves and nomogram were also plotted. Results Compared to normal tissues, SCNN1A was highly expressed in ovarian cancer. The methylation level of SCNN1A negatively correlated with the SCNN1A expression. Moreover, high expression of SCNN1A was correlated with poor prognosis in OV patients and associated with immune infiltrates. Conclusion High SCNN1A expression could be a promising biomarker for poor outcomes in OV and correlated with tumor immune cells infiltration. The findings might help illuminate the function of SCNN1A in tumorigenesis and lay a foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Lou
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingjia Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: He Wang, Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 He Di Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13481138393, Email
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13
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Miao Y, Chen X, Qin M, Zhou W, Wang Y, Ji Y. lncRNA GAS5, as a ceRNA, inhibits the proliferation of diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma cells by regulating the miR‑18a‑5p/RUNX1 axis. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:94. [PMID: 34698360 PMCID: PMC8562389 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common and fatal malignant tumor caused by B-lymphocytes. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 (growth arrest specific 5) has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor gene, and is differentially expressed in DLBCL. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of action of lncRNA GAS5 in the proliferation of DLBCL cells. The expression levels of GAS5, miR-18a-5p and Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) in DLBCL cell lines were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and their effects on cell proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis were determined using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay and flow cytometry. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were used to evaluate the interaction between GAS5 and miR-18a-5p, or between miR-18a-5p and RUNX1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to identify the interaction between RUNX1 and BAX. The expression levels of GAS5 and RUNX1 were downregulated; however, miR-18a-5p expression was upregulated in the DLBCL cell lines compared with the normal controls. GAS5 directly interacted with miR-18a-5p by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and reversed the low expression of RUNX1 induced by miR-18a-5p. Additionally, the knockdown of RUNX1 reversed the inhibitory effects of GAS5 on the proliferation and cell cycle G1 arrest, and its promoting effects on the apoptosis of OCI-Ly3 and TMD8 cells. Moreover, RUNX1 enhanced BAX expression by directly binding to the BAX promoter. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that GAS5 functions as a ceRNA, inhibiting DLBCL cell proliferation by sponging miR-18a-5p to upregulate RUNX1 expression. These findings may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinsha Miao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mengting Qin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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14
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Jin Z, Jiang S. Long non-coding RNA TTN-AS1/microRNA-199a-3p/runt-related transcription factor 1 gene axis regulates the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7724-7736. [PMID: 34606420 PMCID: PMC8806903 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a high degree of malignancy, which affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients with OSCC. Our study aimed to reveal the function of long non-coding RNA TTN-AS1/microRNA-199a-3p (miR-199a-3p)/runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) axis in OSCC progression, thereby providing a novel OSCC effective strategy. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of TTN-AS1, miR-199a-3p, and RUNX1 in OSCC. Several cell functional experiments, including Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and cell adhesion assays, were used to assess cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and migration. A luciferase assay was performed to confirm the interaction between TTN-AS1, miR-199a-3p, and RUNX1. Our results revealed that TTN-AS1 and RUNX1 were upregulated in OSCC tissues and cells, whereas miR-199a-3p expression was downregulated. Knockdown of TTN-AS1 or RUNX1 suppressed cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration but induced apoptosis. Additionally, miR-199a-3p inhibitor partly relieved the effects of silencing TTN-AS1 and RUNX1 in OSCC cells due to their targeting relationship. In conclusion, TTN-AS1 and RUNX1 could promote OSCC progression and miR-199a-3p partly relieved the effects of TTN-AS1 and RUNX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhi Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengjun Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Liu S, Yang J, Sun G, Zhang Y, Cheng C, Xu J, Yen K, Lu T. RUNX1 Upregulates CENPE to Promote Leukemic Cell Proliferation. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:692880. [PMID: 34434964 PMCID: PMC8381024 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.692880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is a Runt family transcription factor that plays a critical role in normal hematopoiesis, including the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. RUNX1 mutations, including chromosomal translocations, cause abnormal cell differentiation, but the mutation alone is not sufficient to cause leukemia. In MLL-fusion-induced leukemia, dysregulated wild-type RUNX1 can promote leukemia survival. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of dysregulated wild-type RUNX1 in leukemia development have not been fully elucidated. This study overexpressed and knocked down RUNX1 expression in THP-1 human leukemia cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to investigate the biological functions affected by dysregulated RUNX1. Our data indicated RUNX1 facilitated proliferation to promote leukemia cell growth. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RUNX1 knockdown in leukemia cells drastically diminished colony-forming ability. Finally, the RUNX1-knocked down cell depletion phenotype could be rescued by overexpression of CENPE, a cell proliferation gene and a RUNX1 direct target gene. Our results indicate a possible mechanism involving the RUNX1-CENPE axis on promoting leukemic cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Southern China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative, School of Medicine, Southern China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuangyu Yen
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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16
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Feng X, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Song G, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Wang Q, Lun L. Elevated RUNX1 is a prognostic biomarker for human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:538-546. [PMID: 33241710 PMCID: PMC7934153 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220969663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factors regulate many developmental processes such as proliferation and differentiation. In this study, the function of the runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was investigated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our results show that RUNX1 expression was elevated in HNSCC patients, which was greatly correlated with the N stage, tumor size, and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage. Cox proportional hazard models showed that RUNX1 could be used as a prognostic indicator for the overall survival of HNSCC patients (hazard ratio, 5.572; 95% confidence interval, 1.860-9.963; P < 0.001). Moreover, suppression of RUNX1 inhibited HNSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Using the HNSCC xenograft nude mouse model, we found that the shRUNX1-transfected tumor (sh-RUNX1) was significantly smaller both in size and weight than the control vector-transfected tumor (sh-Control). In conclusion, our results show that the elevated RUNX1 expression was correlated with tumor growth and metastasis in HNSCC, indicating that RUNX1 could be used as a biomarker for tumor recurrence and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Guanghui Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Education and Training, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, China
| | - Jinxia Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Limin Lun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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17
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Chu J, Tao L, Yao T, Chen Z, Lu X, Gao L, Fang L, Chen J, He G, Shen S, Zhang D. Circular RNA circRUNX1 promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression and metastasis by sponging MiR-296-3p and regulating DDHD2 expression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:112. [PMID: 33479208 PMCID: PMC7819993 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a continuously increasing incidence and imposes a heavy medical burden to individuals and society due to its high proportion of lymph node metastasis and recurrence in recent years. Circular RNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs, participate in the progression of many cancers, but the role of circRNAs in PTC is still rarely reported. In this study, circRNA deep sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in PTC. CircRUNX1 was selected for its high expression in PTC, and circRUNX1 silencing was directly associated with the week potential for migration, invasion and proliferation of PTC in vivo and in vitro. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was further used to confirm the cytoplasmic localization of circRUNX1, indicating the possible function of circRUNX1 as a ceRNAs in PTC progression through miRNA binding. MiR-296-3p was then confirmed to be regulated by circRUNX1 and to target DDHD domain containing 2 (DDHD2) by luciferase reporter assays. The strong antitumor effect of miR-296-3p and the tumor-promoting effect of DDHD2 were further investigated in PTC, indicating that circRUNX1 modulates PTC progression through the miR-296-3p/DDHD2 pathway. Overall, circRUNX1 plays an oncogenic role in PTC and provides a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for PTC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, 3 east Qingchun road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zizheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, 3 east Qingchun road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofei He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, 3 east Qingchun road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deguang Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Delgado-Tirado S, Amarnani D, Zhao G, Rossin EJ, Eliott D, Miller JB, Greene WA, Ramos L, Arevalo-Alquichire S, Leyton-Cifuentes D, Gonzalez-Buendia L, Isaacs-Bernal D, Whitmore HAB, Chmielewska N, Duffy BV, Kim E, Wang HC, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Kim LA, Arboleda-Velasquez JF. Topical delivery of a small molecule RUNX1 transcription factor inhibitor for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20554. [PMID: 33257736 PMCID: PMC7705016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the leading cause of retinal detachment surgery failure. Despite significant advances in vitreoretinal surgery, it still remains without an effective prophylactic or therapeutic medical treatment. After ocular injury or retinal detachment, misplaced retinal cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form contractile membranes within the eye. We identified Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) as a gene highly expressed in surgically-removed human PVR specimens. RUNX1 upregulation was a hallmark of EMT in primary cultures derived from human PVR membranes (C-PVR). The inhibition of RUNX1 reduced proliferation of human C-PVR cells in vitro, and curbed growth of freshly isolated human PVR membranes in an explant assay. We formulated Ro5-3335, a lipophilic small molecule RUNX1 inhibitor, into a nanoemulsion that when administered topically curbed the progression of disease in a novel rabbit model of mild PVR developed using C-PVR cells. Mass spectrometry analysis detected 2.67 ng/mL of Ro5-3335 within the vitreous cavity after treatment. This work shows a critical role for RUNX1 in PVR and supports the feasibility of targeting RUNX1 within the eye for the treatment of an EMT-mediated condition using a topical ophthalmic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Delgado-Tirado
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Dhanesh Amarnani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Guannan Zhao
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Rossin
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Dean Eliott
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - John B Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Whitney A Greene
- Sensory Trauma Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, USA
| | - Leslie Ramos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Said Arevalo-Alquichire
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Energy, Materials and Environment Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - David Leyton-Cifuentes
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia
| | - Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Daniela Isaacs-Bernal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Energy, Materials and Environment Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - Hannah A B Whitmore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Natalia Chmielewska
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Boston College, Boston, USA
| | - Brandon V Duffy
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, USA
| | - Eric Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Heuy-Ching Wang
- Sensory Trauma Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jose M Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Castilla La Mancha University, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Vissum Corporation, Alicante, Spain
| | - Leo A Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Joseph F Arboleda-Velasquez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia.
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19
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Mevel R, Steiner I, Mason S, Galbraith LCA, Patel R, Fadlullah MZH, Ahmad I, Leung HY, Oliveira P, Blyth K, Baena E, Lacaud G. RUNX1 marks a luminal castration-resistant lineage established at the onset of prostate development. eLife 2020; 9:e60225. [PMID: 33025905 PMCID: PMC7644213 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of prostate epithelial hierarchy and lineage heterogeneity is critical to understand its regenerative properties and malignancies. Here, we report that the transcription factor RUNX1 marks a specific subpopulation of proximal luminal cells (PLCs), enriched in the periurethral region of the developing and adult mouse prostate, and distinct from the previously identified NKX3.1+ luminal castration-resistant cells. Using scRNA-seq profiling and genetic lineage tracing, we show that RUNX1+ PLCs are unaffected by androgen deprivation, and do not contribute to the regeneration of the distal luminal compartments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a transcriptionally similar RUNX1+ population emerges at the onset of embryonic prostate specification to populate the proximal region of the ducts. Collectively, our results reveal that RUNX1+ PLCs is an intrinsic castration-resistant and self-sustained lineage that emerges early during prostate development and provide new insights into the lineage relationships of the prostate epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Mevel
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Ivana Steiner
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Prostate Oncobiology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura CA Galbraith
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Rahima Patel
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Muhammad ZH Fadlullah
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Hing Y Leung
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Esther Baena
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Prostate Oncobiology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
- Belfast-Manchester Movember Centre of Excellence, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of ManchesterAlderley ParkUnited Kingdom
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
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20
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RUNX1 regulates TGF-β induced migration and EMT in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153142. [PMID: 32866710 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) was one of the most malignant tumors worldwide due to its metastasis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in CRC migration, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) works as a dominating cytokine in CRC EMT process. Here, we originally identified RUNX1 as an important factor among TGF-β induced EMT in CRC. We found that RUNX1 was overexpressed with the treatment of TGF-β, accompanied with enhanced cancer cell migration and EMT which was characterized by up-graded N-Cadherin levels. Vice versa, knockdown of RUNX1 attenuated the migration ability of TGF-β induced CRC cells. In addition, decreased expression of N-Cadherin suggested that EMT was also attenuated after knocking down RUNX1. Similar decrease was observed in EMT regulator snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1). And the knockdown effect of RUNX1 cannot be reversed by the addition of TGF-β. Moreover, we observed that RUNX1 expression was higher in CRC tumor tissues than in normal epithelial tissues. The enhanced expression was detected in cancer cell nucleus. These results revealed RUNX1 could regulate colorectal cancer migration via TGF-β signaling pathway, and RUNX1 might serve as a potential target for preventing CRC metastasis.
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Wang T, Jin H, Hu J, Li X, Ruan H, Xu H, Wei L, Dong W, Teng F, Gu J, Qin W, Luo X, Hao Y. COL4A1 promotes the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating FAK-Src signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:148. [PMID: 32746865 PMCID: PMC7398077 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagens are the most abundant proteins in extra cellular matrix and important components of tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have showed that aberrant expression of collagens can influence tumor cell behaviors. However, their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are poorly understood. METHODS In this study, we screened all 44 collagen members in HCC using whole transcriptome sequencing data from the public datasets, and collagen type IV alpha1 chain (COL4A1) was identified as most significantly differential expressed gene. Expression of COL4A1 was detected in HCC samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Finally, functions and potential mechanisms of COL4A1 were explored in HCC progression. RESULTS COL4A1 is the most significantly overexpressed collagen gene in HCC. Upregulation of COL4A1 facilitates the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells through FAK-Src signaling. Expression of COL4A1 is upregulated by RUNX1 in HCC. HCC cells with high COL4A1 expression are sensitive to the treatment with FAK or Src inhibitor. CONCLUSION COL4A1 facilitates growth and metastasis in HCC via activation of FAK-Src signaling. High level of COL4A1 may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and treatment with FAK or Src inhibitor for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, People's Republic of China.,Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Ruan
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Dong
- Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Teng
- Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianren Gu
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yujun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Soares CD, de Cáceres CVBL, Rodrigues-Fernandes CI, de Lima Morais TM, de Almeida OP, de Carvalho MGF, Fonseca FP. Prognostic importance of RUNX1 expression for head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oral Dis 2020; 27:266-276. [PMID: 32609408 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of RUNX1 expression in 76 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). MATERIALS AND METHODS All cases were arranged in tissue microarray blocks and submitted to immunohistochemistry against RUNX1. These results were statistically correlated with clinicopathologic features, including age, gender, tumour site, tumour size, lymph node status, AJCC clinical stage, distant metastasis, treatment, recurrences, follow-up, histologic pattern, vascular and neural invasion, all of which obtained from patient's medical records. RESULTS RUNX1 was expressed in the nuclei of tumour cells, with a mean of 18.1% of positivity. Nuclear RUNX1 expression was significantly associated with AJCC clinical stage (p < .0001), solid histologic pattern (p < .0001), vascular invasion (p < .0001) and presence of local recurrence (p < .0001). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, RUNX1 nuclear expression was significantly associated with a lower disease-free survival (p < .0001 and p = .028, respectively) and disease-specific survival (p < .0001 and p = .018, respectively) rates. CONCLUSION In summary, RUNX1 nuclear expression may represent an indicator of unfavourable outcome for patients affected by head and neck ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Dantas Soares
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Private Pathology Service, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thayná Melo de Lima Morais
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Chang K, Wang G, Lou J, Hao S, Lv R, Duan D, Zhang W, Guo Y, Wang P. lncRNA TTN‑AS1 upregulates RUNX1 to enhance glioma progression via sponging miR‑27b‑3p. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1064-1074. [PMID: 32705233 PMCID: PMC7388303 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to the tumorigeneses of numerous types of cancer, including glioma. The present study was designed to unveil a novel lncRNA functioning in glioma and explore the underlying mechanisms. lncRNA titin-antisense RNA1 (TTN-AS1), miR-27b-3p and Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) expression in glioma tissues and cell lines was estimated by RT-qPCR. Si-TTN-AS1 was transfected into glioma cell lines (U251 and LN229), and CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays were applied to estimate the function of TTN-AS1 in glioma cells. miR-27b-3p inhibitor was used to explore the mechanisms. The results revealed that TTN-AS1 was highly expressed in glioma specimens and cell lines. Downregulation of TTN-AS1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of the glioma cells, as well as increased the rate of apoptosis. In vivo, the tumor growth was also inhibited by TTN-AS1 depletion in nude mice. Furthermore, we revealed that TTN-AS1 exerted oncogenic effects via sponging miR-27b-3p and thereby positively regulating RUNX1 expression. In conclusion, the present study supported that TTN-AS1 acts as an oncogene in glioma by targeting miR-27b-3p to release RUNX1. This finding may contribute to gene therapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keliang Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Genwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Sha Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Ranbo Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longhai Hospital of Kaifeng City, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Desheng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third People's Hospital of Anyang, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Wanhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Yingchang Guo
- Department of Intervention Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Pingyu, Pingyu, Henan 463400, P.R. China
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24
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Xiao L, Peng Z, Zhu A, Xue R, Lu R, Mi J, Xi S, Chen W, Jiang S. Inhibition of RUNX1 promotes cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114116. [PMID: 32579960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), one subunit of core-binding factors in hematopoiesis and leukemia, was highly expressed in ovarian cancer (OC), but the role of RUNX1 in OC is largely unknown. Since we found that high expression of RUNX1 is correlated with poor survival in patients with OC through bioinformatic analysis of TCGA database, we developed RUNX1-knockout clones by CRISPR/Cas9 technique and discovered that RUNX1 depletion could promote cisplatin-induced apoptosis in OC cells, which was further confirmed by RUNX1 knockdown and overexpression. We also proved that RUNX1 could elevate the expression of BCL2. We then examined a total of 32 candidate miRNAs that might mediate the regulation between RUNX1 and BCL2, of which three miRNAs from the miR-17~92 cluster were found to be negatively regulated by RUNX1. Consistently, our analysis of data from TCGA database revealed the negative correlation between RUNX1 and the cluster. We further confirmed that miR-17~92 cluster could enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis by directly targeting BCL2 3'UTR. Since rescue experiments proved that RUNX1 could repress cisplatin-induced apoptosis by up-regulating BCL2 via miR-17~92 cluster, combining RUNX1 inhibitor Ro5-3335 and cisplatin showed synergic effect in triggering OC cell apoptosis. Collectively, these findings show for the first time that combinational treatment of cisplatin and RUNX1 inhibitor could be used to potentiate apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and reveal the potential of targeting RUNX1 in ovarian cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhennan Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renxing Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renming Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Mi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Xi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songshan Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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The lncRNA RUNX1-IT1 regulates C-FOS transcription by interacting with RUNX1 in the process of pancreatic cancer proliferation, migration and invasion. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:412. [PMID: 32487998 PMCID: PMC7265432 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer (PC); however, their functions and mechanisms in cancer progression are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel PC-associated lncRNA, RUNX1-IT1, that was significantly upregulated in PC patient samples from multiple centers and associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo, alterations in RUNX1-IT1 expression markedly affected PC proliferation, migration and invasion. RUNX1-IT1 contributed to the progression of PC by interacting with the adjacent gene RUNX1. Rescue experiments showed that RUNX1 reduced the cancer-promoting effect of RUNX1-IT1. RNA-seq analysis after silencing RUNX1-IT1 and RUNX1 highlighted alterations in the common target C-FOS. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that RUNX1-IT1 was a trans-acting factor that participated in the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC by recruiting RUNX1 to the C-FOS gene promoter. Furthermore, RUNX1-IT1 enhanced the transcription of the RUNX1 gene, indicating its potential as a cis-regulatory RNA involved in the upstream regulation of RUNX1. Overall, RUNX1-IT1 is a crucial oncogenic lncRNA that activates C-FOS expression by regulating and recruiting RUNX1 and is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.
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26
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Clinicopathological Significance of RUNX1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061694. [PMID: 32498288 PMCID: PMC7356912 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the clinicopathological significance of runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The methylation and mRNA levels of RUNX1 in NSCLC were determined using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and the HumanHT-12 expression BeadChip. RUNX1 protein levels were analyzed using immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 409 NSCLC patients. Three CpGs (cg04228935, cg11498607, and cg05000748) in the CpG island of RUNX1 showed significantly different methylation levels (Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05) between tumor and matched normal tissues obtained from 42 NSCLC patients. Methylation levels of the CpGs in the tumor tissues were inversely related to mRNA levels of RUNX1. A logistic regression model based on cg04228935 showed the best performance in predicting NSCLCs in a test dataset (N = 28) with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.81–0.99). The expression of RUNX1 was reduced in 125 (31%) of 409 patients. Adenocarcinoma patients with reduced RUNX1 expression showed 1.97-fold (95% confidence interval = 1.16–3.44, p = 0.01) higher hazard ratio for death than those without. In conclusion, the present study suggests that abnormal methylation of RUNX1 may be a valuable biomarker for detection of NSCLC regardless of race. And, reduced RUNX1 expression may be a prognostic indicator of poor overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma.
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27
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Rooney N, Mason SM, McDonald L, Däbritz JHM, Campbell KJ, Hedley A, Howard S, Athineos D, Nixon C, Clark W, Leach JDG, Sansom OJ, Edwards J, Cameron ER, Blyth K. RUNX1 Is a Driver of Renal Cell Carcinoma Correlating with Clinical Outcome. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2325-2339. [PMID: 32156779 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recurring association of specific genetic lesions with particular types of cancer is a fascinating and largely unexplained area of cancer biology. This is particularly true of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) where, although key mutations such as loss of VHL is an almost ubiquitous finding, there remains a conspicuous lack of targetable genetic drivers. In this study, we have identified a previously unknown protumorigenic role for the RUNX genes in this disease setting. Analysis of patient tumor biopsies together with loss-of-function studies in preclinical models established the importance of RUNX1 and RUNX2 in ccRCC. Patients with high RUNX1 (and RUNX2) expression exhibited significantly poorer clinical survival compared with patients with low expression. This was functionally relevant, as deletion of RUNX1 in ccRCC cell lines reduced tumor cell growth and viability in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptional profiling of RUNX1-CRISPR-deleted cells revealed a gene signature dominated by extracellular matrix remodeling, notably affecting STMN3, SERPINH1, and EPHRIN signaling. Finally, RUNX1 deletion in a genetic mouse model of kidney cancer improved overall survival and reduced tumor cell proliferation. In summary, these data attest to the validity of targeting a RUNX1-transcriptional program in ccRCC. SIGNIFICANCE: These data reveal a novel unexplored oncogenic role for RUNX genes in kidney cancer and indicate that targeting the effects of RUNX transcriptional activity could be relevant for clinical intervention in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rooney
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Mason
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura McDonald
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Henry M Däbritz
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Hedley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Howard
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Clark
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua D G Leach
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan R Cameron
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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28
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Tang L, Gao Y, Song Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Li D, Li J, Liu C, Li F. PAK4 phosphorylating RUNX1 promotes ERα-positive breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone destruction. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2235-2247. [PMID: 32549768 PMCID: PMC7294946 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological function of nuclear PAK4 in ERα-positive breast cancer osteolytic bone destruction remains unclear. Here, we find that the nuclear PAK4 promotes osteoclastogenesis and tumor-induced osteolysis via phosphorylating RUNX1. We show that nuclear PAK4 interacts with and phosphorylates RUNX1 at Thr-207, which induces its localization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and influences direct interaction with SIN3A/HDAC1 and PRMT1. Furthermore, we reveal that RUNX1 phosphorylation by PAK4 at Thr-207 promotes osteolytic bone destruction via targeting downstream genes related to osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Importantly, we verify changes in RUNX1 subcellular localization when nuclear PAK4 is positive in breast cancer bone metastasis tissues. Functionally, we demonstrate that RUNX1 phosphorylation promotes osteolytic bone maturation and ERα-positive breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone damage in the mouse model of orthotopic breast cancer bone metastasis. Our results suggest PAK4 can be a therapeutic target for ERα-positive breast cancer osteolytic bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunling Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongqi Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
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29
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Choi J, Topouza DG, Tarnouskaya A, Nesdoly S, Koti M, Duan QL. Gene networks and expression quantitative trait loci associated with adjuvant chemotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:413. [PMID: 32404140 PMCID: PMC7218510 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major impediment in the treatment of ovarian cancer is the relapse of chemotherapy-resistant tumors, which occurs in approximately 25% of patients. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance will improve treatment efficacy through genetic testing and novel therapies. METHODS Using data from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we classified those who remained progression-free for 12 months following platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy as "chemo-sensitive" (N = 160) and those who had recurrence within 6 months as "chemo-resistant" (N = 110). Univariate and multivariate analysis of expression microarray data were used to identify differentially expressed genes and co-expression gene networks associated with chemotherapy response. Moreover, we integrated genomics data to determine expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). RESULTS Differential expression of the Valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene and five co-expression gene networks were significantly associated with chemotherapy response in HGSOC. VCP and the most significant co-expression network module contribute to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, which has been implicated in chemotherapy response. Both univariate and multivariate analysis findings were successfully replicated in an independent ovarian cancer cohort. Furthermore, we identified 192 cis-eQTLs associated with the expression of network genes and 4 cis-eQTLs associated with BRCA2 expression. CONCLUSION This study implicates both known and novel genes as well as biological processes underlying response to platinum-taxane-based chemotherapy among HGSOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danai G Topouza
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sean Nesdoly
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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30
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LY75 Ablation Mediates Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET) in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) Cells Associated with DNA Methylation Alterations and Suppression of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051848. [PMID: 32156068 PMCID: PMC7084525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression and spreading; however, its molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. We have previously shown that the antigen receptor LY75 can modulate EOC cell phenotype and metastatic potential, as LY75 depletion directed mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in EOC cell lines with mesenchymal phenotype. We used the LY75-mediated modulation of EMT as a model to investigate for DNA methylation changes during EMT in EOC cells, by applying the reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) methodology. Numerous genes have displayed EMT-related DNA methylation patterns alterations in their promoter/exon regions. Ten selected genes, whose DNA methylation alterations were further confirmed by alternative methods, were further identified, some of which could represent new EOC biomarkers/therapeutic targets. Moreover, our methylation data were strongly indicative for the predominant implication of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the EMT-induced DNA methylation variations in EOC cells. Consecutive experiments, including alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in EOC cells with a specific inhibitor and the identification of LY75-interacting partners by a proteomic approach, were strongly indicative for the direct implication of the LY75 receptor in modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in EOC cells.
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Lie-a-ling M, Mevel R, Patel R, Blyth K, Baena E, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. RUNX1 Dosage in Development and Cancer. Mol Cells 2020; 43:126-138. [PMID: 31991535 PMCID: PMC7057845 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX1 first came to prominence due to its involvement in the t(8;21) translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since this discovery, RUNX1 has been shown to play important roles not only in leukemia but also in the ontogeny of the normal hematopoietic system. Although it is currently still challenging to fully assess the different parameters regulating RUNX1 dosage, it has become clear that the dose of RUNX1 can greatly affect both leukemia and normal hematopoietic development. It is also becoming evident that varying levels of RUNX1 expression can be used as markers of tumor progression not only in the hematopoietic system, but also in non-hematopoietic cancers. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the effects of RUNX1 dosage in normal development of both hematopoietic and epithelial tissues and their associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lie-a-ling
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK0 4TG, UK
| | - Renaud Mevel
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK0 4TG, UK
| | - Rahima Patel
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK0 4TG, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Esther Baena
- Cancer Research UK Prostate Oncobiology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK10 TG, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK0 4TG, UK
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Na Y, Huang G, Wu J. The Role of RUNX1 in NF1-Related Tumors and Blood Disorders. Mol Cells 2020; 43:153-159. [PMID: 31940719 PMCID: PMC7057834 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder. NF1 patients are predisposed to formation of several type solid tumors as well as to juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Loss of NF1 results in dysregulation of MAPK, PI3K and other signaling cascades, to promote cell proliferation and to inhibit cell apoptosis. The RUNX1 gene is associated with stem cell function in many tissues, and plays a key role in the fate of stem cells. Aberrant RUNX1 expression leads to context-dependent tumor development, in which RUNX1 may serve as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in specific tissue contexts. The co-occurrence of mutation of NF1 and RUNX1 is detected rarely in several cancers and signaling downstream of RAS-MAPK can alter RUNX1 function. Whether aberrant RUNX1 expression contributes to NF1-related tumorigenesis is not fully understood. This review focuses on the role of RUNX1 in NF1-related tumors and blood disorders, and in sporadic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Na
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Pathology, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 459, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 5267, USA
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Li Q, Lai Q, He C, Fang Y, Yan Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Gu C, Wang Y, Ye L, Han L, Lin X, Chen J, Cai J, Li A, Liu S. RUNX1 promotes tumour metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and EMT in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:334. [PMID: 31370857 PMCID: PMC6670220 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) plays the roles of an oncogene and an anti-oncogene in epithelial tumours, and abnormally elevated RUNX1 has been suggested to contribute to the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism remains unclear. Methods The expression of RUNX1 in CRC and normal tissues was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The effect of RUNX1 on CRC migration and invasion was conducted by functional experiments in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay verified the direct regulation of RUNX1 on the promoter of the KIT, which leads to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Results RUNX1 expression is upregulated in CRC tissues. Upregulated RUNX1 promotes cell metastasis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RUNX1 can activate Wnt/β-catenin signalling in CRC cells by directly interacting with β-catenin and targeting the promoter and enhancer regions of KIT to promote KIT transcription. These observations demonstrate that RUNX1 upregulation is a common event in CRC specimens and is closely correlated with cancer metastasis and that RUNX1 promotes EMT of CRC cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Moreover, RUNX1 is regulated by Wnt/β-catenin. Conclusion Our findings first demonstrate that RUNX1 promotes CRC metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and EMT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1330-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuncai Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangying Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Chen H, Crosley P, Azad AK, Gupta N, Gokul N, Xu Z, Weinfeld M, Postovit LM, Pangas SA, Hitt MM, Fu Y. RUNX3 Promotes the Tumorigenic Phenotype in KGN, a Human Granulosa Cell Tumor-Derived Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143471. [PMID: 31311113 PMCID: PMC6678151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (GCT) are the predominant type of ovarian sex cord/stromal tumor. Although prognosis is generally favorable, the outcome for advanced and recurrent GCT is poor. A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of GCT is critical to developing effective therapeutic strategies. Here we have examined the potential role of the runt-related transcription factor RUNX3. There are only two GCT cell lines available. While RUNX3 is silenced in the GCT cell line KGN cells, it is highly expressed in another GCT cell line, COV434 cells. Re-expression of RUNX3 promotes proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and motility in KGN cells in vitro and tumor formation in mice in vivo. Furthermore, expression of a dominant negative form of RUNX3 decreases proliferation of COV434 cells. To address a potential mechanism of action, we examined expression of cyclin D2 and the CDK inhibitor p27Kip1, two cell cycle regulators known to be critical determinants of GCT cell proliferation. We found that RUNX3 upregulates the expression of cyclin D2 at the mRNA and protein level, and decreases the level of the p27Kip1 protein, but not p27Kip1 mRNA. In conclusion, we demonstrate that RUNX proteins are expressed in GCT cell lines and human GCT specimens, albeit at variable levels, and RUNX3 may play an oncogenic role in a subset of GCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Powel Crosley
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Abul K Azad
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Nisha Gokul
- Department of Pathology & Immunology and Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Pangas
- Department of Pathology & Immunology and Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary M Hitt
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - YangXin Fu
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Hong D, Fritz AJ, Gordon JA, Tye CE, Boyd JR, Tracy KM, Frietze SE, Carr FE, Nickerson JA, Van Wijnen AJ, Imbalzano AN, Zaidi SK, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. RUNX1-dependent mechanisms in biological control and dysregulation in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:8597-8609. [PMID: 30515788 PMCID: PMC6395522 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The RUNX1 transcription factor has recently been shown to be obligatory for normal development. RUNX1 controls the expression of genes essential for proper development in many cell lineages and tissues including blood, bone, cartilage, hair follicles, and mammary glands. Compromised RUNX1 regulation is associated with many cancers. In this review, we highlight evidence for RUNX1 control in both invertebrate and mammalian development and recent novel findings of perturbed RUNX1 control in breast cancer that has implications for other solid tumors. As RUNX1 is essential for definitive hematopoiesis, RUNX1 mutations in hematopoietic lineage cells have been implicated in the etiology of several leukemias. Studies of solid tumors have revealed a context-dependent function for RUNX1 either as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. These RUNX1 functions have been reported for breast, prostate, lung, and skin cancers that are related to cancer subtypes and different stages of tumor development. Growing evidence suggests that RUNX1 suppresses aggressiveness in most breast cancer subtypes particularly in the early stage of tumorigenesis. Several studies have identified RUNX1 suppression of the breast cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Most recently, RUNX1 repression of cancer stem cells and tumorsphere formation was reported for breast cancer. It is anticipated that these new discoveries of the context-dependent diversity of RUNX1 functions will lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for the intervention of cancer and other abnormalities of normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Hong
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jonathan A Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Joseph R Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kirsten M Tracy
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Seth E Frietze
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Frances E. Carr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Andre J. Van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anthony N. Imbalzano
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sayyed K. Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Wang X, Jiang X, Zhou L, Wang Z, Huang H, Wang M. LncRNA‑NEF is involved the regulation of gastric carcinoma cell proliferation by targeting RUNX1. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2051-2056. [PMID: 30664208 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighboring enhancer of FOXA2 (NEF) is a newly discovered long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) that serves an oncogenic function in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma, while its involvement in other types of cancer and in tumor cell proliferation remain unknown. In the present study, tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues were obtained from patients with gastric carcinoma, and blood was extracted from patients with gastric carcinoma and healthy controls. Expression of NEF in those tissues was detected using a reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum lncRNA NEF for gastric carcinoma. All patients were followed‑up for 5 years following discharge, and survival curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum lncRNA‑NEF for gastric carcinoma. LncRNA‑NEF overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing cell lines were established and the effects on cell proliferation and runt‑related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) expression were detected using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and western blot analysis, respectively. It was revealed that NEF was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared with in adjacent tissues. Levels of circulation NEF in serum were lower in patients with gastric carcinoma compared with in healthy controls, and were decreased with the increasing stages of primary tumor. Serum NEF is a sensitive diagnostic and prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma. NEF siRNA silencing promoted, and overexpression inhibited, gastric carcinoma proliferation. In addition, NEF overexpression promoted, and NEF siRNA silencing inhibited, Runx1 expression. Therefore, it was concluded that lncRNA NEF may participate in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation by regulating Runx1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital, Chongqing 400011, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - He Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mengqiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu L, Sun S, Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Du J, Gu L. Rasip1 is a RUNX1 target gene and promotes migration of NSCLC cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4537-4552. [PMID: 30349386 PMCID: PMC6190810 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s168438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), an essential regulator of hematopoiesis, is overexpressed in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is correlated with enhanced metastatic ability. Ras-interacting protein 1 (Rasip1), a potential oncogene, is required for blood vessel formation, and recently, it has been shown that Rasip1 is widely expressed in NSCLC patients. We noticed that Rasip1 promoter contains several potential RUNX1-binding sequences. However, the relationship between Rasip1 and RUNX1 in NSCLC is still unknown. In this study, the potential function of RUNX1 involving in Rasip1 expression and the potential role of Rasip1 in lung cancer cells were investigated. Materials and methods Rasip1 and RUNX1 expressions were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting in NSCLC cells lines. A549 and H1299 cells were transfected with plasmids or interfering RNA (siRNA) to upregulate or downregulate the expression of Rasip1 and RUNX1. Cell motility was assessed by transwell and wound-healing assay. Location of Rasip1 and RUNX1 was detected via immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, chromatin immunoprecipitation was done using an anti-RUNX1 antibody. Rasip1 promoter was constructed, and cells were lysed for the analysis of luciferase activity. Results In this study, we showed that ectopic expression or knockdown of RUNX1 resulted in a significant increase or reduction in Rasip1 expression, respectively. RUNX1 bound directly to a specific DNA sequence within Rasip1 promoter and modulated its transcription. Furthermore, silencing of Rasip1 inhibited the migration of RUNX1-overexpressing NSCLC cells through inactivation of Rac1 pathway. Moreover, we found that Rasip1 was expressed ubiquitously in NSCLC cells lines and enhanced cell migration. In addition, EGFR signaling was involved both in the expression and the subcellular localization of Rasip1. Conclusion Our data indicated that Rasip1 is regulated in part by the transcription factor RUNX1 and might be developed as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
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Wang Q, Cai J, Fang C, Yang C, Zhou J, Tan Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Meng X, Zhao K, Yi K, Zhang S, Zhang J, Jiang C, Zhang J, Kang C. Mesenchymal glioblastoma constitutes a major ceRNA signature in the TGF-β pathway. Theranostics 2018; 8:4733-4749. [PMID: 30279734 PMCID: PMC6160778 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. Their dysregulation is common in cancer. However, ceRNA signatures have been poorly examined in the invasive and aggressive phenotypes of mesenchymal glioblastoma (GBM). This study aims to characterize mesenchymal glioblastoma at the mRNA-miRNA level and identify the mRNAs in ceRNA networks (micNET) markers and their mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Methods: The mRNAs in ceRNA networks (micNETs) of glioblastoma were investigated by constructing a GBM ceRNA network followed by integration with a STRING protein interaction network. The prognostic micNET markers of mesenchymal GBM were identified and validated across multiple datasets. ceRNA interactions were identified between micNETs and miR181 family members. LY2109761, an inhibitor of TGFBR2, demonstrated tumor-suppressive effects on both primary cultured cells and a patient-derived xenograft intracranial model. Results: We characterized mesenchymal glioblastoma at the mRNA-miRNA level and reported a ceRNA network that could separate the mesenchymal subtype from other subtypes. Six genes (TGFBR2, RUNX1, PPARG, ACSL1, GIT2 and RAP1B) that interacted with each other in both a ceRNA-related manner and in terms of their protein functions were identified as markers of the mesenchymal subtype. The coding sequence (CDS) and 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of TGFBR2 upregulated the expression of these genes, whereas TGFBR2 inhibition by siRNA or miR-181a/d suppressed their expression levels. Furthermore, mesenchymal subtype-related genes and the invasion phenotype could be reversed by suppressing the six mesenchymal marker genes. Conclusions: This study suggests that the micNETs may have translational significance in the diagnosis of mesenchymal GBM and may be novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kaikai Yi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
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Overexpression of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is associated with worsened prognosis and decreased cancer immunity in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1537-1543. [PMID: 30033103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized with underlying genetic disorders and the role of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in ccRCC is unknown. METHOD An in silico exploratory analysis using multiple public genetic datasets was used to establish association between LRP1 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Associations of interest were validated using 155 ccRCC samples using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS LRP1 was overexpressed in tumor compared with normal kidney tissue. Increased LRP1 expression in ccRCC was associated with advanced stage, grade and worsened overall survival and progression-free survival. Functional annotation indicated an immune-modulatory role of LRP1 in ccRCC. LRP1 expression was significantly correlated with expressions of PBRM1, SETD2, and KDM5C. Positive correlations between LRP1 and pro-angiogenic factors ERAP1, SCG2, STAB1, and RUNX1 were observed. LRP1 expression was positively correlated with PD-L2 level. Negative correlations between LRP1 and anti-angiogenic factors EMCN and IL18 were observed. LRP1 expression was not associated with microvessel density (MVD) yet was negatively correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). CONCLUSION LRP1 is associated with worsened prognosis in ccRCC and is related to cancer immune modulation. LRP1-targeted therapy can be of therapeutic potential.
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Genetic alterations crossing the borders of distinct hematopoetic lineages and solid tumors: Diagnostic challenges in the era of high-throughput sequencing in hemato-oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 126:64-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Runt-Related Transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1) Promotes TGF-β-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Renal Fibrosis through the PI3K Subunit p110δ. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:217-225. [PMID: 29759484 PMCID: PMC6013935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is widely considered a common mechanism leading to end-stage renal failure. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Runt-related transcription factor 1(RUNX1) plays a vital role in hematopoiesis via Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition (EHT), a process that is conceptually similar to EMT, but its role in EMT and renal fibrosis is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RUNX1 is overexpressed in the processes of TGF-β-induced partial EMT and renal fibrosis and that the expression level of RUNX1 is SMAD3-dependent. Knockdown of RUNX1 attenuated both TGF-β-induced phenotypic changes and the expression levels of EMT marker genes in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). In addition, overexpression of RUNX1 promoted the expression of EMT marker genes in renal tubular epithelial cells. Moreover, RUNX1 promoted TGF-β-induced partial EMT by increasing transcription of the PI3K subunit p110δ, which mediated Akt activation. Specific deletion of Runx1 in mouse RTECs attenuated renal fibrosis, which was induced by both unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and folic acid (FA) treatment. These findings suggest that RUNX1 is a potential target for preventing renal fibrosis. RUNX1 is required for TGF-β induced renal tubular EMT, which increases p110δ transcription for Akt activation. Ablation of RUNX1 in mouse RTECs inhibits renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction or folic acid. These findings suggest that RUNX1 might be used as a potential target to prevent renal fibrosis.
Kidney fibrosis is a critical pathologic step during the development of renal failure, while epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Exploring the new effectors as potential targets to inhibit renal fibrosis is currently under extensive investigation. This manuscript has identified that RUNX1 is required for TGF-β induced renal tubular EMT via increasing expression levels of the PI3K subunit p110δ and Akt activation. Importantly, ablation of Runx1 in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells or the RUNX1 inhibitor could reduce renal fibrosis in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction or under the treatment of folic acid. These findings suggest that the RUNX1 inhibitor might be used to prevent renal fibrosis.
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Carlton AL, Illendula A, Gao Y, Llaneza DC, Boulton A, Shah A, Rajewski RA, Landen CN, Wotton D, Bushweller JH. Small molecule inhibition of the CBFβ/RUNX interaction decreases ovarian cancer growth and migration through alterations in genes related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 149:350-360. [PMID: 29551565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer survival and treatment have improved minimally in the past 20years. Novel treatment strategies are needed to combat this disease. This study investigates the effects of chemical inhibition of the CBFβ/RUNX protein-protein interaction on ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS Ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with CBFβ/RUNX inhibitors, and the effects on proliferation, DNA replication, wound healing, and anchorage-independent growth were measured. RNA-Seq was performed on compound-treated cells to identify differentially expressed genes. Genes altered by compound treatment were targeted with siRNAs, and effects on DNA replication and wound healing were measured. RESULTS Chemical inhibition of the CBFβ/RUNX interaction decreases ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Inhibitor treatment leads to an S-phase cell cycle delay, as indicated by an increased percentage of cells in S-phase, and a decreased DNA replication rate. Inhibitor treatment also reduces wound healing and anchorage-independent growth. RNA-Seq on compound-treated cells revealed changes in a small number of genes related to proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. siRNA-mediated knockdown of INHBA and MMP1 - two genes whose expression decreases with compound treatment - slowed DNA replication and impaired wound healing. CONCLUSIONS Chemical inhibition of the CBFβ/RUNX interaction is a viable strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Carlton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Danielle C Llaneza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam Boulton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anant Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Roger A Rajewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Charles N Landen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - David Wotton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Zhang Y, Qian W, Feng F, Cao Q, Li Y, Hou Y, Zhang L, Fan J. Upregulated lncRNA CASC2 May Inhibit Malignant Melanoma Development Through Regulating miR-18a-5p/RUNX1. Oncol Res 2018; 27:371-377. [PMID: 29422114 PMCID: PMC7848445 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15178740729367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of lncRNA CASC2 in malignant melanoma (MM). Expression of CASC2 in MM tissues and cells was detected. A375 cells were transfected with pc-CASC2, si-CASC2, miR-18a-5p inhibitor, or corresponding controls, and then cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using MTT assay, colony formation assay, and Transwell analysis, respectively. The relationship of miR-18a-5p and CASC2 or RUNX1 was detected by luciferase reporter assay. The levels of CASC2 and RUNX1 were significantly reduced in MM tissues compared with normal skin tissues or cells, while the miR-18a-5p level was obviously increased (all p < 0.01). Cell viability, colony number, migration, and invasion were significantly decreased in cells with pc-CASC2 compared with cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (all p < 0.05). These effects were consistent with the cells transfected with miR-18a-5p inhibitor. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that CASC2 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-18a-5p, and RUNX1 was a target gene of miR-18a-5p. Moreover, CASC2 overexpression promoted the expression of RUNX1, while upregulated miR-18a-5p significantly reversed the effect of CASC2 on the RUNX1 level (all p < 0.05). Upregulated CASC2 may inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulating miR-18a-5p and its target gene RUNX1 in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Operating Room, Sanfine International Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jufeng Fan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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The mannose receptor LY75 (DEC205/CD205) modulates cellular phenotype and metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:14125-42. [PMID: 26871602 PMCID: PMC4924702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) dissemination is still poorly understood. Previously, we identified the mannose receptor LY75 gene as hypomethylated in high-grade (HG) serous EOC tumors, compared to normal ovarian tissues. LY75 represents endocytic receptor expressed on dendritic cells and so far, has been primarily studied for its role in antigen processing and presentation. Here we demonstrate that LY75 is overexpressed in advanced EOC and that LY75 suppression induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in EOC cell lines with mesenchymal morphology (SKOV3 and TOV112), accompanied by reduction of their migratory and invasive capacity in vitro and enhanced tumor cell colonization and metastatic growth in vivo. LY75 knockdown in SKOV3 cells also resulted in predominant upregulation of functional pathways implicated in cell proliferation and metabolism, while pathways associated with cell signaling and adhesion, complement activation and immune response were mostly suppressed. Moreover, LY75 suppression had an opposite effect on EOC cell lines with epithelial phenotype (A2780s and OV2008), by directing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated with reduced capacity for in vivo EOC cell colonization, as similar/identical signaling pathways were reversely regulated, when compared to mesenchymal LY75 knockdown EOC cells.To our knowledge, this is the first report of a gene displaying such pleiotropic effects in sustaining the cellular phenotype of EOC cells and points to novel functions of this receptor in modulating EOC dissemination. Our data also support previous findings regarding the superior capacity of epithelial cancer cells in metastatic colonization of distant sites, compared to cancer cells with mesenchymal-like morphology.
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Afaloniati H, Karagiannis GS, Hardas A, Poutahidis T, Angelopoulou K. Inflammation-driven colon neoplasmatogenesis in uPA-deficient mice is associated with an increased expression of Runx transcriptional regulators. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:257-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hong D, Messier TL, Tye CE, Dobson JR, Fritz AJ, Sikora KR, Browne G, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS. Runx1 stabilizes the mammary epithelial cell phenotype and prevents epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17610-17627. [PMID: 28407681 PMCID: PMC5392273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx1 is a well characterized transcription factor essential for hematopoietic differentiation and Runx1 mutations are the cause of leukemias. Runx1 is highly expressed in normal epithelium of most glands and recently has been associated with solid tumors. Notably, the function of Runx1 in the mammary gland and how it is involved in initiation and progression of breast cancer is still unclear. Here we demonstrate the consequences of Runx1 loss in normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. We first observed that Runx1 is decreased in tumorigenic and metastatic breast cancer cells. We also observed loss of Runx1 expression upon induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF10A (normal-like) cells. Furthermore depletion of Runx1 in MCF10A cells resulted in striking changes in cell shape, leading to mesenchymal cell morphology. The epithelial phenotype could be restored in breast cancer cells by re-expressing Runx1. Analyses of breast tumors and patient data revealed that low Runx1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival. We addressed mechanisms for the function of Runx1 in maintaining the epithelial phenotype and find Runx1 directly regulates E-cadherin; and serves as a downstream transcription factor mediating TGFβ signaling. We also observed through global gene expression profiling of growth factor depleted cells that induction of EMT and loss of Runx1 is associated with activation of TGFβ and WNT pathways. Thus these findings have identified a novel function for Runx1 in sustaining normal epithelial morphology and preventing EMT and suggest Runx1 levels could be a prognostic indicator of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Terri L Messier
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jason R Dobson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kenneth R Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Jimenez L, Lim J, Burd B, Harris TM, Ow TJ, Kawachi N, Belbin TJ, Angeletti R, Prystowsky MB, Childs G, Segall JE. miR-375 Regulates Invasion-Related Proteins Vimentin and L-Plastin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1523-1536. [PMID: 28499703 PMCID: PMC5500828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invasion is a hallmark of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We previously determined that low relative miR-375 expression was associated with poor patient prognosis. HNSCC cells with increased miR-375 expression have lower invasive properties and impaired invadopodium activity. Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture and reverse-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we assessed the impact of miR-375 expression on protein levels in UM-SCC-1 cells. Increased miR-375 expression was associated with down-regulation of proteins involved in cellular assembly and organization, death and survival, and movement. Two invasion-associated proteins, vimentin and L-plastin, were strongly down-regulated by miR-375. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that high miR-375 expression reduced vimentin promoter activity, suggesting that vimentin is an indirect target of miR-375. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is a potential miR-375 direct target, and its knockdown reduced vimentin and L-plastin expression. Data in The Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC database showed a significant inverse correlation between miR-375 expression and RUNX1, vimentin, and L-plastin RNA expression. These clinical correlations validate our in vitro model findings and support a mechanism in which miR-375 suppresses RUNX1 levels, resulting in reduced vimentin and L-plastin expression. Furthermore, knockdown of RUNX1, L-plastin, and vimentin resulted in significant reductions in cell invasion in vitro, indicating the functional significance of miR-375 regulation of specific proteins involved in HNSCC invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Jimenez
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jihyeon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Laboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and Proteomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Berta Burd
- Laboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and Proteomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Thomas M Harris
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Thomas J Ow
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nicole Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Thomas J Belbin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ruth Angeletti
- Laboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and Proteomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Geoffrey Childs
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey E Segall
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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5-Azacytidine promotes invadopodia formation and tumor metastasis through the upregulation of PI3K in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60173-60187. [PMID: 28947962 PMCID: PMC5601130 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of metastasis accounts for most of the lethality of ovarian cancer. Invadopodia are small, specialized types of machinery that degrade the extracellular matrix and are thus involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. The formation of invadopodia is regulated by both genetic and epigenetic factors. However, the ways by which methylation/demethylation regulates the dynamics of invadopodia in ovarian cancer are largely unknown. In this study, we found that the inhibition of methylation by 5-AZ (5-Azacytidine) increased the formation of invadopodia and enhanced degradation of the extracellular matrix in ovarian cancer cells. In mouse xenograft models, treatment with 5-AZ increased the number of metastatic nodules, which suggests an elevated potential for metastasis by demethylation. Further investigation indicated that the inhibition of methylation elevated the transcription of PIK3CA and upregulated genes involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In addition, this induction likely occurs though the epigenetic regulation of PIK3CA because analyses of the DNA methylation level of the PIK3CA promoter region found that 5-AZ treatment decreased the methylation of CpG islands in SKOV3 and A2780 cells. Our study demonstrated that epigenetic factors regulate the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells and provide rationale for therapies that inhibit PI3K- invadopodia-mediated metastasis.
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Bogoch Y, Friedlander-Malik G, Lupu L, Bondar E, Zohar N, Langier S, Ram Z, Nachmany I, Klausner JM, Pencovich N. Augmented expression of RUNX1 deregulates the global gene expression of U87 glioblastoma multiforme cells and inhibits tumor growth in mice. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698357. [PMID: 28443460 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. A mesenchymal phenotype was associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Recently, the transcription factor RUNX1 was suggested as a driver of the glioblastoma multiforme mesenchymal gene expression signature; however, its independent role in this process is yet to be described. Here, we assessed the role of RUNX1 in U87 glioblastoma multiforme cells in correspondence to its mediated transcriptome and genome-wide occupancy pattern. Overexpression of RUNX1 led to diminished tumor growth in nude and severe combined immunodeficiency mouse xenograft tumor model. At the molecular level, RUNX1 occupied thousands of genomic regions and regulated the expression of hundreds of target genes, both directly and indirectly. RUNX1 occupied genomic regions that corresponded to genes that were shown to play a role in brain tumor progression and angiogenesis and upon overexpression led to a substantial down-regulation of their expression level. When overexpressed in U87 glioblastoma multiforme cells, RUNX1 down-regulated key pathways in glioblastoma multiforme progression including epithelial to mesenchymal transition, MTORC1 signaling, hypoxia-induced signaling, and TNFa signaling via NFkB. Moreover, master regulators of the glioblastoma multiforme mesenchymal phenotype including CEBPb, ZNF238, and FOSL2 were directly regulated by RUNX1. The data suggest a central role for RUNX1 as master regulator of gene expression in the U87 glioblastoma multiforme cell line and mark RUNX1 as a potential target for novel future therapies for glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Bogoch
- 1 The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepatic-Bili-Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery B, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilgi Friedlander-Malik
- 2 Bioinformatics Unit, Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Lupu
- 1 The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepatic-Bili-Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery B, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Bondar
- 1 The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepatic-Bili-Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery B, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitzan Zohar
- 1 The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepatic-Bili-Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery B, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sheila Langier
- 1 The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepatic-Bili-Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery B, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi Ram
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Nachmany
- 1 The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepatic-Bili-Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery B, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph M Klausner
- 1 The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepatic-Bili-Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery B, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Niv Pencovich
- 1 The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepatic-Bili-Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery B, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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50
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RUNX transcription factors at the interface of stem cells and cancer. Biochem J 2017; 474:1755-1768. [PMID: 28490659 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The RUNX1 transcription factor is a critical regulator of normal haematopoiesis and its functional disruption by point mutations, deletions or translocations is a major causative factor leading to leukaemia. In the majority of cases, genetic changes in RUNX1 are linked to loss of function classifying it broadly as a tumour suppressor. Despite this, several recent studies have reported the need for a certain level of active RUNX1 for the maintenance and propagation of acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells, suggesting an oncosupportive role of RUNX1. Furthermore, in solid cancers, RUNX1 is overexpressed compared with normal tissue, and RUNX factors have recently been discovered to promote growth of skin, oral, breast and ovarian tumour cells, amongst others. RUNX factors have key roles in stem cell fate regulation during homeostasis and regeneration of many tissues. Cancer cells appear to have corrupted these stem cell-associated functions of RUNX factors to promote oncogenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge on the role of RUNX genes in stem cells and as oncosupportive factors in haematological malignancies and epithelial cancers.
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