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Wang X, Tazearslan C, Kim S, Guo Q, Contreras D, Yang J, Hudgins AD, Suh Y. In vitro heterochronic parabiosis identifies pigment epithelium-derived factor as a systemic mediator of rejuvenation by young blood. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592258. [PMID: 38746475 PMCID: PMC11092633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Several decades of heterochronic parabiosis (HCPB) studies have demonstrated the restorative impact of young blood, and deleterious influence of aged blood, on physiological function and homeostasis across tissues, although few of the factors responsible for these observations have been identified. Here we develop an in vitro HCPB system to identify these circulating factors, using replicative lifespan (RLS) of primary human fibroblasts as an endpoint of cellular health. We find that RLS is inversely correlated with serum donor age and sensitive to the presence or absence of specific serum components. Through in vitro HCPB, we identify the secreted protein pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as a circulating factor that extends RLS of primary human fibroblasts and declines with age in mammals. Systemic administration of PEDF to aged mice reverses age-related functional decline and pathology across several tissues, improving cognitive function and reducing hepatic fibrosis and renal lipid accumulation. Together, our data supports PEDF as a systemic mediator of the effect of young blood on organismal health and homeostasis and establishes our in vitro HCPB system as a valuable screening platform for the identification of candidate circulating factors involved in aging and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Cagdas Tazearslan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniela Contreras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jiping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Adam D. Hudgins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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2
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Zanfardino P, Amati A, Doccini S, Cox SN, Tullo A, Longo G, D'Erchia A, Picardi E, Nesti C, Santorelli FM, Petruzzella V. OPA1 mutation affects autophagy and triggers senescence in autosomal dominant optic atrophy plus fibroblasts. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:768-786. [PMID: 38280232 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In several cases of mitochondrial diseases, the underlying genetic and bioenergetic causes of reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in mitochondrial dysfunction are well understood. However, there is still limited knowledge about the specific cellular outcomes and factors involved for each gene and mutation, which contributes to the lack of effective treatments for these disorders. This study focused on fibroblasts from a patient with Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA) plus syndrome harboring a mutation in the Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) gene. By combining functional and transcriptomic approaches, we investigated the mitochondrial function and identified cellular phenotypes associated with the disease. Our findings revealed that fibroblasts with the OPA1 mutation exhibited a disrupted mitochondrial network and function, leading to altered mitochondrial dynamics and reduced autophagic response. Additionally, we observed a premature senescence phenotype in these cells, suggesting a previously unexplored role of the OPA1 gene in inducing senescence in ADOA plus patients. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in ADOA plus and highlights the potential importance of senescence in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanfardino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of study of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Amati
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of study of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sharon N Cox
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of study of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Apollonia Tullo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of study of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria D'Erchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of study of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Ernesto Picardi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of study of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Nesti
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of study of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Cayo A, Venturini W, Rebolledo-Mira D, Moore-Carrasco R, Herrada AA, Nova-Lamperti E, Valenzuela C, Brown NE. Palbociclib-Induced Cellular Senescence Is Modulated by the mTOR Complex 1 and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119284. [PMID: 37298236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite not dividing, senescent cells acquire the ability to synthesize and secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules, a feature known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In addition, senescent cells often upregulate autophagy, a catalytic process that improves cell viability in stress-challenged cells. Notably, this "senescence-related autophagy" can provide free amino acids for the activation of mTORC1 and the synthesis of SASP components. However, little is known about the functional status of mTORC1 in models of senescence induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors (e.g., Palbociclib), or the effects that the inhibition of mTORC1 or the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy have on senescence and the SASP. Herein, we examined the effects of mTORC1 inhibition, with or without concomitant autophagy inhibition, on Palbociclib-driven senescent AGS and MCF-7 cells. We also assessed the pro-tumorigenic effects of conditioned media from Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the inhibition of mTORC1, or with the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy. We found that Palbociclib-driven senescent cells display a partially reduced activity of mTORC1 accompanied by increased levels of autophagy. Interestingly, further mTORC1 inhibition exacerbated the senescent phenotype, a phenomenon that was reversed upon autophagy inhibition. Finally, the SASP varied upon inhibiting mTORC1, or upon the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy, generating diverse responses in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of non-senescent tumorigenic cells. Overall, variations in the SASP of Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the concomitant inhibition of mTORC1 seem to depend on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cayo
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Academic Vice Rectory, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Whitney Venturini
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Academic Vice Rectory, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Danitza Rebolledo-Mira
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Andrés A Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Claudio Valenzuela
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Nelson E Brown
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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Abstract
A hallmark of cellular senescence is proliferation-like activity of growth-promoting pathways (such as mTOR and MAPK) in non-proliferating cells. When the cell cycle is arrested, these pathways convert arrest to senescence (geroconversion), rendering cells hypertrophic, beta-Gal-positive and hyperfunctional. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is one of the numerous hyperfunctions. Figuratively, geroconversion is a continuation of growth in non-proliferating cells. Rapamycin, a reversible inhibitor of growth, slows down mTOR-driven geroconversion. Developed two decades ago, this model had accurately predicted that rapamycin must extend life span of animals. However, the notion that senescent cells directly cause organismal aging is oversimplified. Senescent cells contribute to organismal aging but are not strictly required. Cell senescence and organismal aging can be linked indirectly via the same underlying cause, namely hyperfunctional signaling pathways such as mTOR.
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5
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Cayo A, Segovia R, Venturini W, Moore-Carrasco R, Valenzuela C, Brown N. mTOR Activity and Autophagy in Senescent Cells, a Complex Partnership. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158149. [PMID: 34360912 PMCID: PMC8347619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a form of proliferative arrest triggered in response to a wide variety of stimuli and characterized by unique changes in cell morphology and function. Although unable to divide, senescent cells remain metabolically active and acquire the ability to produce and secrete bioactive molecules, some of which have recognized pro-inflammatory and/or pro-tumorigenic actions. As expected, this “senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)” accounts for most of the non-cell-autonomous effects of senescent cells, which can be beneficial or detrimental for tissue homeostasis, depending on the context. It is now evident that many features linked to cellular senescence, including the SASP, reflect complex changes in the activities of mTOR and other metabolic pathways. Indeed, the available evidence indicates that mTOR-dependent signaling is required for the maintenance or implementation of different aspects of cellular senescence. Thus, depending on the cell type and biological context, inhibiting mTOR in cells undergoing senescence can reverse senescence, induce quiescence or cell death, or exacerbate some features of senescent cells while inhibiting others. Interestingly, autophagy—a highly regulated catabolic process—is also commonly upregulated in senescent cells. As mTOR activation leads to repression of autophagy in non-senescent cells (mTOR as an upstream regulator of autophagy), the upregulation of autophagy observed in senescent cells must take place in an mTOR-independent manner. Notably, there is evidence that autophagy provides free amino acids that feed the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), which in turn is required to initiate the synthesis of SASP components. Therefore, mTOR activation can follow the induction of autophagy in senescent cells (mTOR as a downstream effector of autophagy). These functional connections suggest the existence of autophagy regulatory pathways in senescent cells that differ from those activated in non-senescence contexts. We envision that untangling these functional connections will be key for the generation of combinatorial anti-cancer therapies involving pro-senescence drugs, mTOR inhibitors, and/or autophagy inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cayo
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Raúl Segovia
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Whitney Venturini
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 346000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 346000, Chile;
| | - Claudio Valenzuela
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Nelson Brown
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Yao D, GangYi Y, QiNan W. Autophagic dysfunction of β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes, a double-edged sword. Genes Dis 2020; 8:438-447. [PMID: 34179308 PMCID: PMC8209341 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is an age-related disease, most of which is type 2 diabetes, and islet β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the main mechanisms of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have revealed that autophagy plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of islet beta cells and inhibiting insulin resistance and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. In this review, we discussed the positive and negative effects of autophagy and its dysfunction on type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is the so-called double-edged sword, analysed its possible mechanism, and identified possible research hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Yao
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Yang GangYi
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Wu QiNan
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
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8
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Blagosklonny MV. Rapamycin for the aging skin. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12822-12826. [PMID: 31895693 PMCID: PMC6949048 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Antonioli E, Torres N, Ferretti M, Piccinato CDA, Sertie AL. Individual response to mTOR inhibition in delaying replicative senescence of mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0204784. [PMID: 30703123 PMCID: PMC6354956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Delaying replicative senescence and extending lifespan of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may enhance their potential for tissue engineering and cell based therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway, such as rapamycin, constitute promising pharmacological agents to retard senescence and extend stemness properties of various progenitor cell types. Here, we investigated whether the ability of rapamycin to postpone replicative senescence varies among bone marrow MSC samples (BM-MSCs) derived from different healthy donors, and explored the molecular mechanisms that drive rapamycin-mediated lifespan increment. METHODS BM-MSCs at early passages were serially passaged either in absence or continuous presence of rapamycin and the number of cell population doublings until growth arrest was measured. The inhibition of mTOR signaling was assessed by the phosphorylation status of the downstream target RPS6. The expression levels of several senescence and pluripotency markers at early and late/senescent passages were analyzed by RT-qPCR, flow cytometry and western blot. RESULTS We found that the lifespan extension in response to the continuous rapamycin treatment was highly variable among samples, but effective in most BM-MSCs. Despite all rapamycin-treated cells secreted significantly reduced levels of IL6, a major SASP cytokine, and expressed significantly higher levels of the pluripotency marker NANOG, the expression patterns of these markers were not correlated with the rapamycin-mediated increase in lifespan. Interestingly, rapamycin-mediated life-span extension was significantly associated only with repression of p16INK4A protein accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that some, but not all, BM-MSC samples would benefit from using rapamycin to postpone replicative arrest and reinforce a critical role of p16INK4A protein downregulation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Antonioli
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Torres
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Ferretti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Abstract
Rapamycin inhibits cell proliferation, yet preserves (re)-proliferative potential (RPP). RPP is a potential of quiescent cells that is lost in senescent cells. mTOR drives conversion from quiescence to senescence (geroconversion). By suppressing geroconversion, rapamycin preserves RPP. Geroconversion is characterized by proliferation-like levels of phospho-S6K/S6/4E-BP1 in nonproliferating cells arrested by p16 and/or p21. mTOR-driven geroconversion is associated with cellular hyperfunction, which in turn leads to organismal aging manifested by age-related diseases.
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11
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Leukocyte telomere length in paediatric critical illness: effect of early parenteral nutrition. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:38. [PMID: 29463275 PMCID: PMC5820800 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-1972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Children who have suffered from critical illnesses that required treatment in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) have long-term physical and neurodevelopmental impairments. The mechanisms underlying this legacy remain largely unknown. In patients suffering from chronic diseases hallmarked by inflammation and oxidative stress, poor long-term outcome has been associated with shorter telomeres. Shortened telomeres have also been reported to result from excessive food consumption and/or unhealthy nutrition. We investigated whether critically ill children admitted to the PICU have shorter-than-normal telomeres, and whether early parenteral nutrition (PN) independently affects telomere length when adjusting for known determinants of telomere length. Methods Telomere length was quantified in leukocyte DNA from 342 healthy children and from 1148 patients who had been enrolled in the multicenter, randomised controlled trial (RCT), PEPaNIC. These patients were randomly allocated to initiation of PN within 24 h (early PN) or to withholding PN for one week in PICU (late PN). The impact of early PN versus late PN on the change in telomere length from the first to last PICU-day was investigated with multivariable linear regression analyses. Results Leukocyte telomeres were 6% shorter than normal upon PICU admission (median 1.625 (IQR 1.446–1.825) telomere/single-copy-gene ratio (T/S) units vs. 1.727 (1.547–1.915) T/S-units in healthy children (P < 0.0001)). Adjusted for potential baseline determinants and leukocyte composition, early PN was associated with telomere shortening during PICU stay as compared with late PN (estimate early versus late PN –0.021 T/S-units, 95% CI −0.038; 0.004, P = 0.01). Other independent determinants of telomere length identified in this model were age, gender, baseline telomere length and fraction of neutrophils in the sample from which the DNA was extracted. Telomere shortening with early PN was independent of post-randomisation factors affected by early PN, including longer length of PICU stay, larger amounts of insulin and higher risk of infection. Conclusions Shorter than normal leukocyte telomeres are present in critically ill children admitted to the PICU. Early initiation of PN further shortened telomeres, an effect that was independent of other determinants. Whether such telomere-shortening predisposes to long-term consequences of paediatric critical illness should be further investigated in a prospective follow-up study. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01536275. Registered on 16 February 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-018-1972-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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12
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Mendelsohn AR, Larrick JW, Lei JL. Rejuvenation by Partial Reprogramming of the Epigenome. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 20:146-150. [PMID: 28314379 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic variation with age is one of the most important hallmarks of aging. Resetting or repairing the epigenome of aging cells in intact animals may rejuvenate the cells and perhaps the entire organism. In fact, differentiated adult cells, which by definition have undergone some epigenetic changes, are capable of being rejuvenated and reprogrammed to create pluripotent stem cells and viable cloned animals. Apparently, such reprogramming is capable of completely resetting the epigenome. However, attempts to fully reprogram differentiated cells in adult animals have failed in part because reprogramming leads to the formation of teratomas. A preliminary method to partially reprogram adult cells in mature Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) mice by transient induction of the Yamanaka factors OSKM (Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/c-Myc) appears to ameliorate aging-like phenotypes in HGPS mice, and promote youthful regenerative capability in middle-aged wild-type individuals exposed to beta cell and muscle cell-specific toxins. However, whatever epigenetic repair is induced by transient reprogramming does not endure and may be due to the induction of key homeostatic regulators instead. Some of the effect of transient reprogramming may result from increased proliferation and enhanced function of adult stem cells. Partial reprogramming may point the way to new antiaging and proregenerative therapeutics. Redifferentiation of cells into their preexisting phenotype with simultaneous epigenomic rejuvenation is an interesting variation that also should be pursued. However, discovery of methods to more precisely repair the epigenome is the most likely avenue to the development of powerful new antiaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Mendelsohn
- 1 Regenerative Sciences Institute , Sunnyvale, California.,2 Panorama Research Institute , Sunnyvale, California
| | - James W Larrick
- 1 Regenerative Sciences Institute , Sunnyvale, California.,2 Panorama Research Institute , Sunnyvale, California
| | - Jennifer L Lei
- 1 Regenerative Sciences Institute , Sunnyvale, California
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13
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Posada IM, Lectez B, Sharma M, Oetken-Lindholm C, Yetukuri L, Zhou Y, Aittokallio T, Abankwa D. Rapalogs can promote cancer cell stemness in vitro in a Galectin-1 and H-ras-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2017; 8:44550-44566. [PMID: 28562352 PMCID: PMC5546501 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently several combination treatments of mTor- and Ras-pathway inhibitors are being tested in cancer therapy. While multiple feedback loops render these central signaling pathways robust, they complicate drug targeting.Here, we describe a novel H-ras specific feedback, which leads to an inadvertent rapalog induced activation of tumorigenicity in Ras transformed cells. We find that rapalogs specifically increase nanoscale clustering (nanoclustering) of oncogenic H-ras but not K-ras on the plasma membrane. This increases H-ras signaling output, promotes mammosphere numbers in a H-ras-dependent manner and tumor growth in ovo. Surprisingly, also other FKBP12 binders, but not mTor-inhibitors, robustly decrease FKBP12 levels after prolonged (>2 days) exposure. This leads to an upregulation of the nanocluster scaffold galectin-1 (Gal-1), which is responsible for the rapamycin-induced increase in H-ras nanoclustering and signaling output. We provide evidence that Gal-1 promotes stemness features in tumorigenic cells. Therefore, it may be necessary to block inadvertent induction of stemness traits in H-ras transformed cells by specific Gal-1 inhibitors that abrogate its effect on H-ras nanocluster. On a more general level, our findings may add an important mechanistic explanation to the pleiotropic physiological effects that are observed with rapalogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar M.D. Posada
- Turku Center for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, Turku, Finland
| | - Benoit Lectez
- Turku Center for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, Turku, Finland
| | - Mukund Sharma
- Turku Center for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Turku Center for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, Turku, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Turku Center for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, Turku, Finland
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14
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Yang Y, Yu L, Li J, Yuan YH, Wang XL, Yan SR, Li DS, Ding Y. Autophagy regulates the stemness of cervical cancer stem cells. Biologics 2017; 11:71-79. [PMID: 28684898 PMCID: PMC5484512 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s134920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare population of multipotent cells with the capacity to self-renew. It has been reported that there are CSCs in cervical cancer cells. Pluripotency-associated (PA) transcription factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and CD44 have been used to isolate CSCs subpopulations. In this study, we showed that autophagy plays an important role in the biological behavior of cervical cancer cells. The expression of the autophagy protein Beclin 1 and LC3B was higher in tumorspheres established from human cervical cancers cell lines (and CaSki) than in the parental adherent cells. It was also observed that the basal and starvation-induced autophagy flux was higher in tumorspheres than in the bulk population. Autophagy could regulate the expression level of PA proteins in cervical CSCs. In addition, CRISPR/Cas 9-mediated Beclin 1 knockout enhanced the malignancy of HeLa cells, leading to accumulation of PA proteins and promoted tumorsphere formation. Our findings suggest that autophagy modulates homeostasis of PA proteins, and Beclin 1 is critical for CSC maintenance and tumor development in nude mice. This demonstrates that a prosurvival autophagic pathway is critical for CSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research.,Reproductive Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research
| | - Jin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research
| | - Ya Hong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research
| | - Xiao Li Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research
| | - Shi Rong Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research
| | - Dong Sheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research
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15
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Thapa RK, Nguyen HT, Jeong JH, Kim JR, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Progressive slowdown/prevention of cellular senescence by CD9-targeted delivery of rapamycin using lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43299. [PMID: 28393891 PMCID: PMC5385881 DOI: 10.1038/srep43299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest and altered cell function, causes aging-related diseases. Hence, treatment modalities that could target aging cells would provide a robust therapeutic avenue. Herein, for the first time, we utilized CD9 receptors (overexpressed in senescent cells) for nanoparticle targeting in addition to the inherent β-galactosidase activity. In our study, CD9 monoclonal antibody-conjugated lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with rapamycin (CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa) were prepared for targeted rapamycin delivery to senescent cells. The nanoparticles exhibited an appropriate particle size (~130 nm) with high drug-loading capacity (~20%). In vitro drug release was enhanced in the presence of β-galactosidase suggesting potential cargo drug delivery to the senescent cells. Furthermore, CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa exhibited high uptake and anti-senescence effects (reduced β-galactosidase and p53/p21/CD9/cyclin D1 expression, reduced population doubling time, enhanced cell proliferation and migration, and prevention of cell cycle arrest) in old human dermal fibroblasts. Importantly, CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa significantly improved the proliferation capability of old cells as suggested by BrdU staining along with significant reductions in senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (IL-6 and IL-1β) (P < 0.05). Altogether, our findings suggest the potential applicability of CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa in targeted treatment of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
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16
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Baisantry A, Bhayana S, Wrede C, Hegermann J, Haller H, Melk A, Schmitt R. The impact of autophagy on the development of senescence in primary tubular epithelial cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2973-2979. [PMID: 27715411 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1234547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and senescence are 2 distinct pathways that are importantly involved in acute kidney injury and renal repair. Recent data indicate that the 2 processes might be interrelated. To investigate the potential link between autophagy and senescence in the kidney we isolated primary tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) from wild-type mice and monitored the occurrence of cellular senescence during autophagy activation and inhibition. We found that the process of cell isolation and transfer into culture was associated with a strong basal autophagic activation in PTEC. Specific inhibition of autophagy by silencing autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) counteracted the occurrence of senescence hallmarks under baseline conditions. Reduced senescent features were also observed in Atg5 silenced PTEC after γ-irradiation and during H-Ras induced oncogenic senescence, but the response was less uniform in these stress models. Senescence inhibition was paralleled by better preservation of a mature epithelial phenotype in PTEC. Interestingly, treatment with rapamycin, which acts as an activator of autophagy, also counteracted the occurrence of senescence features in PTEC. While we interpret the anti-senescent effect of rapamycin as an autophagy-independent effect of mTOR-inhibition, the more specific approach of Atg5 silencing indicates that overactivated autophagy can have pro-senescent effects in PTEC. These results highlight the complex interaction between cell culture dependent stress mechanisms, autophagy and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Baisantry
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany.,b Department of Kidney , Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
| | - Sagar Bhayana
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- c Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,d Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- c Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,d Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- b Department of Kidney , Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
| | - Roland Schmitt
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
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17
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Chen S, Yeh F, Lin J, Matsuguchi T, Blackburn E, Lee ET, Howard BV, Zhao J. Short leukocyte telomere length is associated with obesity in American Indians: the Strong Heart Family study. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:380-9. [PMID: 24861044 PMCID: PMC4069265 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been associated with a wide range of age-related disorders including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Obesity is an important risk factor for CVD and diabetes. The association of LTL with obesity is not well understood. This study for the first time examines the association of LTL with obesity indices including body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio in 3,256 American Indians (14-93 years old, 60% women) participating in the Strong Heart Family Study. Association of LTL with each adiposity index was examined using multivariate generalized linear mixed model, adjusting for chronological age, sex, study center, education, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, and total energy intake), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hypertension and diabetes. Results show that obese participants had significantly shorter LTL than non-obese individuals (age-adjusted P=0.0002). Multivariate analyses demonstrate that LTL was significantly and inversely associated with all of the studied obesity parameters. Our results may shed light on the potential role of biological aging in pathogenesis of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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18
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Chitikova ZV, Gordeev SA, Bykova TV, Zubova SG, Pospelov VA, Pospelova TV. Sustained activation of DNA damage response in irradiated apoptosis-resistant cells induces reversible senescence associated with mTOR downregulation and expression of stem cell markers. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1424-39. [PMID: 24626185 PMCID: PMC4050140 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to genotoxic stress by activating the DNA damage response (DDR). When injury is severe or irreparable, cells induce apoptosis or cellular senescence to prevent transmission of the lesions to the daughter cells upon cell division. Resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer that challenges the efficacy of cancer therapy. In this work, the effects of ionizing radiation on apoptosis-resistant E1A + E1B transformed cells were investigated to ascertain whether the activation of cellular senescence could provide an alternative tumor suppressor mechanism. We show that irradiated cells arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase and resume DNA replication in the absence of cell division followed by formation of giant polyploid cells. Permanent activation of DDR signaling due to impaired DNA repair results in the induction of cellular senescence in E1A + E1B cells. However, irradiated cells bypass senescence and restore the population by dividing cells, which have near normal size and ploidy and do not express senescence markers. Reversion of senescence and appearance of proliferating cells were associated with downregulation of mTOR, activation of autophagy, mitigation of DDR signaling, and expression of stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna V Chitikova
- Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Serguei A Gordeev
- Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Bykova
- Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana G Zubova
- Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valery A Pospelov
- Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Pospelova
- Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg, Russia
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