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Tátrai E, Ranđelović I, Surguta SE, Tóvári J. Role of Hypoxia and Rac1 Inhibition in the Metastatic Cascade. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1872. [PMID: 38791951 PMCID: PMC11120288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic condition has a pivotal role in solid tumors and was shown to correlate with the poor outcome of anticancer treatments. Hypoxia contributes to tumor progression and leads to therapy resistance. Two forms of a hypoxic environment might have relevance in tumor mass formation: chronic and cyclic hypoxia. The main regulators of hypoxia are hypoxia-inducible factors, which regulate the cell survival, proliferation, motility, metabolism, pH, extracellular matrix function, inflammatory cells recruitment and angiogenesis. The metastatic process consists of different steps in which hypoxia-inducible factors can play an important role. Rac1, belonging to small G-proteins, is involved in the metastasis process as one of the key molecules of migration, especially in a hypoxic environment. The effect of hypoxia on the tumor phenotype and the signaling pathways which may interfere with tumor progression are already quite well known. Although the role of Rac1, one of the small G-proteins, in hypoxia remains unclear, predominantly, in vitro studies performed so far confirm that Rac1 inhibition may represent a viable direction for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Tátrai
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (S.E.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (S.E.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Sára Eszter Surguta
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (S.E.S.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph. D. Studies, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (S.E.S.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph. D. Studies, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Prajapati M, Zhang JZ, Chiu L, Chong GS, Mercadante CJ, Kowalski HL, Delaney B, Anderson JA, Guo S, Aghajan M, Bartnikas TB. Hepatic HIF2 is a key determinant of manganese excess and polycythemia in SLC30A10 deficiency. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e169738. [PMID: 38652538 PMCID: PMC11141921 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Manganese is an essential yet potentially toxic metal. Initially reported in 2012, mutations in SLC30A10 are the first known inherited cause of manganese excess. SLC30A10 is an apical membrane protein that exports manganese from hepatocytes into bile and from enterocytes into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. SLC30A10 deficiency results in impaired gastrointestinal manganese excretion, leading to manganese excess, neurologic deficits, liver cirrhosis, polycythemia, and erythropoietin excess. Neurologic and liver disease are attributed to manganese toxicity. Polycythemia is attributed to erythropoietin excess. The goal of this study was to determine the basis of erythropoietin excess in SLC30A10 deficiency. Here, we demonstrate that transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (Hif1a) and 2a (Hif2a), key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia, are both upregulated in livers of Slc30a10-deficient mice. Hepatic Hif2a deficiency corrected erythropoietin expression and polycythemia and attenuated aberrant hepatic gene expression in Slc30a10-deficient mice, while hepatic Hif1a deficiency had no discernible impact. Hepatic Hif2a deficiency also attenuated manganese excess, though the underlying cause of this is not clear at this time. Overall, our results indicate that hepatic HIF2 is a key determinant of pathophysiology in SLC30A10 deficiency and expand our understanding of the contribution of HIFs to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milankumar Prajapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jared Z. Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lauren Chiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Grace S. Chong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Courtney J. Mercadante
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Heather L. Kowalski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bradley Delaney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jessica A. Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shuling Guo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - Thomas B. Bartnikas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Mahapatra N, Panda A, Dash K, Bhuyan L, Mishra P, Mohanty A. The Study of Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1 Alpha) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2 Alpha (HIF-2 Alpha) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e45189. [PMID: 37842368 PMCID: PMC10576156 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Oral cancer is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are many factors that influence the tumor microenvironment that promotes tumorigenesis. Hypoxia is one of the factors that affects the process of angiogenesis by inducing proangiogenic factors to maintain the blood supply which in turn enhances the aggressiveness of the tumor and prognosis of solid tumors such as oral squamous cell carcinoma. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) in various histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma immunohistochemically. METHODOLOGY Immunohistochemical evaluation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α was done in 90 samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma which were graded histologically into 30 samples each of well, moderately and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Statistical evaluation: Statistical analysis was done to study the prognostic significance of the biomarkers. RESULTS All the cases showed positivity for expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. The number of positive staining in both markers reduced as the tumor severity increased from well to poorly differentiated. The expression of MIL of HIF-2α was higher than HIF 1α and HIF 2α expression was mostly seen in cytoplasmic in well-differentiated and nuclear in both moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC suggestive that HIF-2α is a more specific marker to hypoxia. CONCLUSION Hypoxia is an essential factor that triggers other angiogenic switch and inflammatory factors which facilitates the process of tumorigenesis. This is also important for predicting the treatment outcome and prognosis of the patients. HIF-2α is a more sensitive marker that appears to be correlated and could perhaps serve as a good surrogate marker of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niva Mahapatra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Abikshyeet Panda
- Oral Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Kailash Dash
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Lipsa Bhuyan
- Oral Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- Oral Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Aishwariya Mohanty
- Oral Pathology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, IND
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Foresto-Neto O, da Silva ARPA, Cipelli M, Santana-Novelli FPR, Camara NOS. The impact of hypoxia-inducible factors in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases: a link through cell metabolism. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:561-578. [PMID: 37448286 PMCID: PMC10565456 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidneys are sensitive to disturbances in oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia and activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway alter the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of renal and immune cells, interfering with their functioning. Whether the transcriptional activity of HIF protects the kidneys or participates in the pathogenesis of renal diseases is unclear. Several studies have indicated that HIF signaling promotes fibrosis in experimental models of kidney disease. Other reports showed a protective effect of HIF activation on kidney inflammation and injury. In addition to the direct effect of HIF on the kidneys, experimental evidence indicates that HIF-mediated metabolic shift activates inflammatory cells, supporting the HIF cascade as a link between lung or gut damage and worsening of renal disease. Although hypoxia and HIF activation are present in several scenarios of renal diseases, further investigations are needed to clarify whether interfering with the HIF pathway is beneficial in different pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcella Cipelli
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hypoxia-Induced Reactivity of Tumor-Associated Astrocytes Affects Glioma Cell Properties. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030613. [PMID: 33802060 PMCID: PMC7999295 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by extensive necrotic areas with surrounding hypoxia. The cancer cell response to hypoxia in these areas is well-described; it involves a metabolic shift and an increase in stem cell-like characteristics. Less is known about the hypoxic response of tumor-associated astrocytes, a major component of the glioma tumor microenvironment. Here, we used primary human astrocytes and a genetically engineered glioma mouse model to investigate the response of this stromal cell type to hypoxia. We found that astrocytes became reactive in response to intermediate and severe hypoxia, similarly to irradiated and temozolomide-treated astrocytes. Hypoxic astrocytes displayed a potent hypoxia response that appeared to be driven primarily by hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α). This response involved the activation of classical HIF target genes and the increased production of hypoxia-associated cytokines such as TGF-β1, IL-3, angiogenin, VEGF-A, and IL-1 alpha. In vivo, astrocytes were present in proximity to perinecrotic areas surrounding HIF-2α expressing cells, suggesting that hypoxic astrocytes contribute to the glioma microenvironment. Extracellular matrix derived from hypoxic astrocytes increased the proliferation and drug efflux capability of glioma cells. Together, our findings suggest that hypoxic astrocytes are implicated in tumor growth and potentially stemness maintenance by remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
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HIF in Nephrotoxicity during Cisplatin Chemotherapy: Regulation, Function and Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020180. [PMID: 33430279 PMCID: PMC7825709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy drug, but its use and efficacy are limited by its nephrotoxicity. HIF has protective effects against kidney injury during cisplatin chemotherapy, but it may attenuate the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin. In this review, we describe the role and regulation of HIF in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting HIF in chemotherapy. Abstract Cisplatin is a highly effective, broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, yet its clinical use and efficacy are limited by its side effects. Particularly, cancer patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy have high incidence of kidney problems. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the “master” transcription factor that is induced under hypoxia to trans-activate various genes for adaptation to the low oxygen condition. Numerous studies have reported that HIF activation protects against AKI and promotes kidney recovery in experimental models of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). In contrast, little is known about the effects of HIF on chronic kidney problems following cisplatin chemotherapy. Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are potent HIF inducers that recently entered clinical use. By inducing HIF, PHD inhibitors may protect kidneys during cisplatin chemotherapy. However, HIF activation by PHD inhibitors may reduce the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin in tumors. Future studies should test PHD inhibitors in tumor-bearing animal models to verify their effects in kidneys and tumors.
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Li X, Hattori A, Takahashi S, Goto Y, Harada H, Kakeya H. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 promotes hypoxia-inducible factor 1-dependent tumor cell malignancy in spheroid models. Cancer Sci 2019; 111:239-252. [PMID: 31729096 PMCID: PMC6942421 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a critical heterodimeric transcription factor for tumor malignancy. Recently, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) has been reported to function as a deubiquitinating enzyme for the stabilization of its α subunit (HIF-1α). In the present study, we showed that UCHL1 inhibition can be an effective therapeutic strategy against HIF-1-dependent tumor malignancy. In 2D monolayer culture, a UCHL1 inhibitor suppressed HIF activity and decreased the transcription of HIF downstream genes by inhibiting the UCHL1-mediated accumulation of HIF-1α. Phenotypically, UCHL1 inhibition remarkably blocked cell migration. In 3D spheroid culture models, ectopic expression of UCHL1 significantly upregulated malignancy-related factors such as solidity, volume, as well as viable cell number in an HIF-1α-dependent manner. Conversely, inhibition of the UCHL1-HIF-1 pathway downregulated these malignancy-related factors and also abolished UCHL1-mediated cell proliferation and invasiveness. Finally, inhibition of UCHL1 promoted HIF-1α degradation and lowered the expression of HIF-1 target genes in the 3D model, as also observed in 2D monolayer culture. Our research indicates that the UCHL1-HIF-1 pathway plays a crucial role in tumor malignancy, making it a promising therapeutic target for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Hattori
- Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Senye Takahashi
- Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Goto
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Drug resistance in papillary RCC: from putative mechanisms to clinical practicalities. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:655-673. [PMID: 31602010 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype and accounts for 10-15% of all RCCs. Despite clinical need, few pharmacogenomics studies in pRCC have been performed. Moreover, current research fails to adequately include pRCC laboratory models, such as the ACHN or Caki-2 pRCC cell lines. The molecular mechanisms involved in pRCC development and drug resistance are more diverse than in clear-cell RCC, in which inactivation of VHL occurs in the majority of tumours. Drug resistance to multiple therapies in pRCC occurs via genetic alteration (such as mutations resulting in abnormal receptor tyrosine kinase activation or RALBP1 inhibition), dysregulation of signalling pathways (such as GSK3β-EIF4EBP1, PI3K-AKT and the MAPK or interleukin signalling pathways), deregulation of cellular processes (such as resistance to apoptosis or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and interactions between the cell and its environment (for example, through activation of matrix metalloproteinases). Improved understanding of resistance mechanisms will facilitate drug discovery and provide new effective therapies. Further studies on novel resistance biomarkers are needed to improve patient prognosis and stratification as well as drug development.
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Yang Z, Shi X, Li C, Wang X, Hou K, Li Z, Zhang X, Fan Y, Qu X, Che X, Liu Y. Long non-coding RNA UCA1 upregulation promotes the migration of hypoxia-resistant gastric cancer cells through the miR-7-5p/EGFR axis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:194-201. [PMID: 29723509 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A variety of solid tumors are surrounded by a hypoxic microenvironment, which is known to be associated with high metastatic capability and resistance to various clinical therapies, contributing to a poor survival rate for cancer patients. Although the majority of previous studies on tumor-associated hypoxia have focused on acute hypoxia, chronic hypoxia more closely mimics the actual hypoxic microenvironment of a tumor. In this study, two novel hypoxia-resistant gastric cancer (HRGC) cell lines which could grow normally in 2% oxygen were established. The long non-coding RNA UCA1 was upregulated in HRGC cells, which promoted their migration. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-7-5p could bind to specific sites of UCA1 to regulate the target EGFR through competitive endogenous RNA function. UCA1 directly interacted with miR-7-5p and decreased the binding of miR-7-5p to the EGFR 3'-untranslated region, which suppressed the degradation of EGFR mRNA by miR-7-5p. Therefore, long-term hypoxia induced UCA1 to promote cell migration by enhancing the expression of EGFR. This study thus reveals a new mechanism by which a hypoxic microenvironment promotes tumor metastasis, and highlights UCA1 as a potential biomarker for predicting the metastasis of gastric cancer to guide clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaonan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Lai XM, Liu SY, Tsai YT, Sun GH, Chang SY, Huang SM, Cha TL. HAF mediates the evasive resistance of anti-angiogenesis TKI through disrupting HIF-1α and HIF-2α balance in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49713-49724. [PMID: 28572533 PMCID: PMC5564801 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis has emerged as a standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, long-lasting efficacy is seldom reached, and evasive resistance eventually occurs under anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. To establish new therapeutic strategies, investigating the molecular mechanism of resistance is critically important. In our study, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with TKI treatment in conditioned medium derived from renal cancer cells (RCCs) to demonstrate cell viability. Quantitative real time PCR or Western blotting analysis detected the fluctuation of transcriptional factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α in RCCs under TKI treatment. We demonstrated the alteration of a specific cytokine produced from RCCs under normoxia or hypoxia incubation by utilizing a cytokine RT-PCR primer array. We found that the anti-angiogenic TKI sunitinib disrupted the balance between HIF-1α and HIF-2α in RCCs and led to a protective effect on HUVECs against sunitinib treatment when cultured with conditioned medium. Mechanistically, RCCs treated with sunitinib resulted in down-regulation of HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, through reduction of both mRNA and protein levels. The down-regulation of HIF-1α by sunitinib occurred via hypoxia associated factor (HAF), which also enhanced HIF-2α transactivation activity to increase the production of pro-angiogenic factors and cytokines and promote HUVEC proliferation. This phenomenon was observed in ACHN and A498 cells, which express both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, but was not observed in 786-O cells, which express only HIF-2α. Our results illustrated that targeting both angiogenesis and hypoxia pathways might provide a resolution to dealing with the devastating effects of anti-angiogenesis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Me Lai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Yu Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ta Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guang-Huan Sun
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sun-Yran Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Lung Cha
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Bai X, Peng D, Li Z, Tian H, Zhang L, Yang D, Bai P, Liang W. Postmortem interval (PMI) determination by profiling of HAF mRNA degradation using RT-qPCR. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Damjanovic SS, Ilic BB, Beleslin Cokic BB, Antic JA, Bankovic JZ, Milicevic IT, Rodic GS, Ilic DS, Todorovic VN, Puskas N, Tulic CD. Tuberous sclerosis complex protein 1 expression is affected by VHL Gene alterations and HIF-1α production in sporadic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:323-331. [PMID: 27845047 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL) do not determine deregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in clear-cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). Their effects on tuberous sclerosis proteins (TSC1/2) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) expressions in sporadic ccRCC are unknown. Therefore, we analyze the impact of VHL alterations and HIF-α production on the expression of TSC proteins and Hsp90 in these tumors. Alterations in VHL gene region exhibited 37/47 (78.7%) tumors. Monoallelic inactivation (intragenic mutation or LOH) was found in 10 (21.3%) and biallelic inactivation (intragenic mutation plus LOH) in 27 (57.4%) ccRCCs. Tumorous expression of HIF-α mRNAs, HIF-α, Hsp90 and TSC2 were VHL independent; TSC2 was underexpressed in all tumors by immunostaining (P<0.001). Immunoblotting revealed that TSC1 production was lower in tumors with monoallelic VHL inactivation than in control (P=0.01) and tissues with biallelic VHL inactivation (P=0.019), while tumors lacking HIF-1α (16/47) concurrently overexpressed HIF-2α and underexpressed TSC1 in comparison to controls (P=0.01 for both) and HIF-1α positive tumors (P=0.015 and P=0.050). Significant portion of variability (56.4%) in tumor diameter was explained by oscillations in nuclear grade, and TSC1 and HIF-2α expression in VHL altered tumors. In conclusion, while TSC2 is broadly downregulated in sporadic ccRCC, TSC1 expression is reduced in two subsets of these tumors, those with monoallelic VHL gene inactivation and those with concurrent low HIF-1α and high HIF-2α expression. Hence, the involvement of nuclear grade, TSC1 and HIF-2α in the progression of VHL altered tumors, implies the interplay between pVHL and TSC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetozar S Damjanovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bojana B Ilic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana B Beleslin Cokic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jadranka A Antic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Z Bankovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana T Milicevic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana S Rodic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan S Ilic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera N Todorovic
- Institute for Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nela Puskas
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cane D Tulic
- Clinic for Urology, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang Y, Wang H, Li J, Entenberg D, Xue A, Wang W, Condeelis J. Direct visualization of the phenotype of hypoxic tumor cells at single cell resolution in vivo using a new hypoxia probe. INTRAVITAL 2016; 5. [PMID: 27790387 DOI: 10.1080/21659087.2016.1187803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is linked to tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms behind this linkage are not fully understood. Here we present a novel fluorescent mCherry hypoxia-responsive marker that can be used in real time imaging to specifically and sensitively identify hypoxic cells in vivo at single cell resolution. Tumors derived from triple negative tumor cells expressing the hypoxia marker reveal that the hypoxic tumor cells congregate near flowing blood vessels. Using multiphoton microscopy, hypoxic MDA-MB-231 cells were directly visualized and showed a more persistent slow migration phenotype as compared to normoxic cells in the same field in vivo. Hypoxic tumor cells are enriched in the cell population that migrates toward human epithelial growth factor gradients in vivo, and has increased collagen degradation and intravasation activity, characteristics of dissemination and metastasis competent tumor cells. The hypoxia probe introduced in this study provides a specific reporter of hypoxic cell phenotypes in vivo which reveals new insights into the mechanisms by which hypoxia is linked to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY USA; Integrated Imaging Program; Albert Einstein College of Medicine,Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Haoxuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY USA
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY USA; Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY USA; Integrated Imaging Program; Albert Einstein College of Medicine,Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Alice Xue
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY USA
| | - Weigang Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY USA; Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY USA; Integrated Imaging Program; Albert Einstein College of Medicine,Bronx, New York, USA
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14
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Palomares-Rius JE, Hedley P, Cock PJ, Morris JA, Jones JT, Blok VC. Gene expression changes in diapause or quiescent potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, eggs after hydration or exposure to tomato root diffusate. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1654. [PMID: 26870612 PMCID: PMC4748719 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) need to be adapted to survive in the absence of a suitable host or in hostile environmental conditions. Various forms of developmental arrest including hatching inhibition and dauer stages are used by PPN in order to survive these conditions and spread to other areas. Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) (Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis) are frequently in an anhydrobiotic state, with unhatched nematode persisting for extended periods of time inside the cyst in the absence of the host. This paper shows fundamental changes in the response of quiescent and diapaused eggs of G. pallida to hydration and following exposure to tomato root diffusate (RD) using microarray gene expression analysis encompassing a broad set of genes. For the quiescent eggs, 547 genes showed differential expression following hydration vs. hydratation and RD (H-RD) treatment whereas 708 genes showed differential regulation for the diapaused eggs following these treatments. The comparison between hydrated quiescent and diapaused eggs showed marked differences, with 2,380 genes that were differentially regulated compared with 987 genes following H-RD. Hydrated quiescent and diapaused eggs were markedly different indicating differences in adaptation for long-term survival. Transport activity is highly up-regulated following H-RD and few genes were coincident between both kinds of eggs. With the quiescent eggs, the majority of genes were related to ion transport (mainly sodium), while the diapaused eggs showed a major diversity of transporters (amino acid transport, ion transport, acetylcholine or other molecules).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Emilio Palomares-Rius
- Institute for Sustainble Agriculture-CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J.A. Cock
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A. Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John T. Jones
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian C. Blok
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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15
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Zou YM, Hu GY, Zhao XQ, Lu T, Zhu F, Yu SY, Xiong H. Hypoxia-induced autophagy contributes to radioresistance via c-Jun-mediated Beclin1 expression in lung cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:761-767. [PMID: 25318890 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reduced radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells represents a pivotal obstacle in clinical oncology. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a crucial role in radiosensitivity, but the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. A relationship has been suggested to exist between hypoxia and autophagy recently. In the current study, we studied the effect of hypoxia-induced autophagy on radioresistance in lung cancer cell lines. A549 and H1299 cells were cultured under normoxia or hypoxia, followed by irradiation at dosage ranging from 0 to 8 Gy. Clonogenic assay was performed to calculate surviving fraction. EGFP-LC3 plasmid was stably transfected into cells to monitor autophagic processes. Western blotting was used to evaluate the protein expression levels of HIF-1α, c-Jun, phosphorylated c-Jun, Beclin 1, LC3 and p62. The mRNA levels of Beclin 1 were detected by qRT-PCR. We found that under hypoxia, both A549 and H1299 cells were radio-resistant compared with normoxia. Hypoxia-induced elevated HIF-1α protein expression preferentially triggered autophagy, accompanied by LC3 induction, EGFP-LC3 puncta and p62 degradation. In the meantime, HIF-1α increased downstream c-Jun phosphorylation, which in turn upregulated Beclin 1 mRNA and protein expression. The upregulation of Beclin 1 expression, instead of HIF-1α, could be blocked by SP600125 (a specific inhibitor of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase), followed by suppression of autophagy. Under hypoxia, combined treatment of irradiation and chloroquine (a potent autophagy inhibitor) significantly decreased the survival potential of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, hypoxia-induced autophagy through evaluating Beclin1 expression may be considered as a target to reverse the radioresistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Zou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xue-Qi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shi-Ying Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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16
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Yeh YH, Yang YC, Hsieh MY, Yeh YC, Li TK. A negative feedback of the HIF-1α pathway via interferon-stimulated gene 15 and ISGylation. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5927-39. [PMID: 24056783 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)- and ubiquitin-conjugation pathways play roles in mediating hypoxic and inflammatory responses. To identify interaction(s) between these two tumor microenvironments, we investigated the effect of ISG15 on the activity of the master hypoxic transcription factor HIF-1α. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IFN and desferoxamine treatments were used to induce the expression of ISGs and HIF-1α, respectively. Interactions between HIF-1α and the ISG15 and ISGylation system were studied using knockdown of mRNA expression, immunoblotting, coimmunoprecipitation, and pull-down analyses. Effects of the ISG15 and ISGylation system on the HIF-1α-directed processes were examined using reporter, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and tumorigenic growth assays. RESULTS We found that the level of the free form of HIF-1α is differentially regulated by IFN treatment, and that the free ISG15 level is lower under hypoxia. Mechanism-directed studies have shown that HIF-1α not only interacts physically with ISG15, but is also ISGylated in multiple domains. ISG15 expression disrupts the functional dimerization of HIF-1α and -1β. Subsequently, expression of the ISG15 and/or ISGylation system attenuates HIF-1α-mediated gene expression and tumorigenic growth. CONCLUSION In summary, our results revealed cross-talk between inflammatory and hypoxic pathways through the ISGylation of HIF-1α. On the basis of these results, we propose a novel negative feedback loop for the HIF-1α-mediated pathway involving the regulation of HIF-1α via IFN-induced ISGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsiu Yeh
- Authors' Affiliations: Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine; Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Wang WS, Liang HY, Cai YJ, Yang H. DMOG ameliorates IFN-γ-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by suppressing PHD2-dependent HIF-1α degradation. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 34:60-9. [PMID: 24010824 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) has been well established as a protective factor for intestinal barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. Recently, a study found that increased HIF-1α-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. We proposed that lymphocyte-derived interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) might be responsible for the intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by increased HIF-1α. HT-29 cell monolayers were grown in the presence or absence of IFN-γ under hypoxia. Then, the transepithelial electrical resistance was measured, and HIF-1α-modulated intestinal barrier protective factors were quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR, western blotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation of HIF-1α were performed. Dimethyloxalyglycine (DMOG), an inhibitor of prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs) that stabilizes HIF-1α during normoxia, and RNA interference of PHDs were also used to identify the signal pathway between IFN-γ and HIF-1α. We demonstrated that IFN-γ caused barrier dysfunction in hypoxic HT-29 cell monolayers via suppressing HIF-1α and HIF-1α-modulated intestinal barrier protective factors. We found that IFN-γ decreased HIF-1α protein expression instead of affecting HIF-1α transcription or transcriptional activity. Study also showed that DMOG reversed the IFN-γ-induced decrease in HIF-1α protein expression. Further, we found that PHD2 is the major regulator of IFN-γ-induced HIF-1α degradation by PHD inhibition and RNA interference. We conclude that IFN-γ caused barrier dysfunction by promoting PHD-, especially PHD2-, dependent HIF-1α degradation, and DMOG or PHD2 inhibition reversed this HIF-1α suppression and ameliorated barrier dysfunction. Combined with other studies demonstrating HIF-1α activation in lymphocytes promotes IFN-γ secretion, these findings suggest a mechanism by which increased HIF-1α-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
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18
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Barriga EH, Maxwell PH, Reyes AE, Mayor R. The hypoxia factor Hif-1α controls neural crest chemotaxis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. J Cell Biol 2013; 201:759-76. [PMID: 23712262 PMCID: PMC3664719 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201212100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important mechanisms that promotes metastasis is the stabilization of Hif-1 (hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1). We decided to test whether Hif-1α also was required for early embryonic development. We focused our attention on the development of the neural crest, a highly migratory embryonic cell population whose behavior has been likened to cancer metastasis. Inhibition of Hif-1α by antisense morpholinos in Xenopus laevis or zebrafish embryos led to complete inhibition of neural crest migration. We show that Hif-1α controls the expression of Twist, which in turn represses E-cadherin during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of neural crest cells. Thus, Hif-1α allows cells to initiate migration by promoting the release of cell-cell adhesions. Additionally, Hif-1α controls chemotaxis toward the chemokine SDF-1 by regulating expression of its receptor Cxcr4. Our results point to Hif-1α as a novel and key regulator that integrates EMT and chemotaxis during migration of neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H. Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, England, UK
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Patrick H. Maxwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, England, UK
| | - Ariel E. Reyes
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, 3349001 Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, England, UK
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19
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Liu W, Shen SM, Zhao XY, Chen GQ. Targeted genes and interacting proteins of hypoxia inducible factor-1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 3:165-178. [PMID: 22773957 PMCID: PMC3388736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis in almost all nucleated mammalian cells. The fundamental process adapted to cellular oxygen alteration largely depends on the refined regulation on its alpha subunit, HIF-1α. Recent studies have unraveled expanding and critical roles of HIF-1α, involving in a multitude of developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes. This review will focus on the current knowledge of HIF-1α-targeting genes and its interacting proteins, as well as the concomitant functional relationships between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Universities E-Institute for Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai 200025, CHINA
| | - Shao-Ming Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Universities E-Institute for Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai 200025, CHINA
| | - Xu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Universities E-Institute for Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai 200025, CHINA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Universities E-Institute for Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai 200025, CHINA
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences & SJTU-SMShanghai 200025, CHINA
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20
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Niecknig H, Tug S, Reyes BD, Kirsch M, Fandrey J, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U. Role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of HIF-1 by prolyl hydroxylase 2 under mild hypoxia. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:705-17. [PMID: 22360728 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.669041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The function and survival of eukaryotic cells depends on a constant and sufficient oxygen supply. Cells recognize and respond to hypoxia by accumulation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), composed of an oxygen-sensitive HIF-1α and a constitutive HIF-1β subunit. Besides physiology, HIF-1 induction is involved in major pathological processes such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation and cancer, which are associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS have been reported to affect HIF-1 activity but the role for ROS in regulating HIF-1 has not been definitely settled. In order to shed light on the redox-regulation of HIF-1 by ROS, we studied the impact of exogenous ROS treatment (H(2)O(2)) on HIF-1α and HIF-1 regulatory protein prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) in the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. At early reaction periods, H(2)O(2) induced HIF-1α but at prolonged observation phases the opposite occurred. Herein, modulation of PHD activity appeared to be the key element, because knockdown and inhibition of the PHD2 prevented reduction of HIF-1α. However, H(2)O(2) treatment constantly suppressed HIF-1 transactivation at all time-points. Our data indicate a dual redox regulation of HIF-1α protein amount with a constant suppression of HIF-1 target gene expression by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Niecknig
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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21
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Ma Y, Liang D, Liu J, Axcrona K, Kvalheim G, Stokke T, Nesland JM, Suo Z. Prostate cancer cell lines under hypoxia exhibit greater stem-like properties. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29170. [PMID: 22216200 PMCID: PMC3247249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important environmental change in many cancers. Hypoxic niches can be occupied by cancer stem/progenitor-like cells that are associated with tumor progression and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, it has not yet been fully elucidated how hypoxia influences the stem-like properties of prostate cancer cells. In this report, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU145. In comparison to normoxia (20% O2), 7% O2 induced higher expressions of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, which were associated with upregulation of Oct3/4 and Nanog; 1% O2 induced even greater levels of these factors. The upregulated NANOG mRNA expression in hypoxia was confirmed to be predominantly retrogene NANOGP8. Similar growth rates were observed for cells cultivated under hypoxic and normoxic conditions for 48 hours; however, the colony formation assay revealed that 48 hours of hypoxic pretreatment resulted in the formation of more colonies. Treatment with 1% O2 also extended the G0/G1 stage, resulting in more side population cells, and induced CD44 and ABCG2 expressions. Hypoxia also increased the number of cells positive for ABCG2 expression, which were predominantly found to be CD44bright cells. Correspondingly, the sorted CD44bright cells expressed higher levels of ABCG2, Oct3/4, and Nanog than CD44dim cells, and hypoxic pretreatment significantly increased the expressions of these factors. CD44bright cells under normoxia formed significantly more colonies and spheres compared with the CD44dim cells, and hypoxic pretreatment even increased this effect. Our data indicate that prostate cancer cells under hypoxia possess greater stem-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dongming Liang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karol Axcrona
- Department of Urology, University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cell Therapy, University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Stokke
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jahn M. Nesland
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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22
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Nordgren IK, Tavassoli A. Targeting tumour angiogenesis with small molecule inhibitors of hypoxia inducible factor. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4307-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Double immunohistochemical staining method for HIF-1alpha and its regulators PHD2 and PHD3 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2010; 18:375-81. [PMID: 20216402 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3181d6bd59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1alpha) is expressed in the nuclei of tumor cells under hypoxic conditions, and is regulated, in part, by cytoplasmic prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). As HIF-1alpha is selectively expressed in tumor cells, inhibitors are being developed for cancer therapy. Although methods for the detection of HIF-1alpha and PHDs are available, an immunohistochemical double staining method for these markers in individual tumor cells is not available. For method development a human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) xenograft, A253, was used as a known positive control tissue for HIF-1alpha in well-differentiated areas without microvessels. This laboratory showed that tumor cells in these areas are strongly positive for hypoxia markers. Another human, poorly differentiated SCC xenograft, FaDu, without hypoxic areas, was used as a negative control. PHD2 and 3 immunostaining was optimized individually using the human kidney. To optimize HIF-1alpha detection the pressure cooker time for antigen retrieval, concentration of the primary antibody, amplification reagent, and DAB development time were decreased. Casein blocking further decreased the background. Double staining resulted in brown nuclei for HIF-1alpha (DAB), and pink cytoplasmic staining for PHD2, 3 (fast red). The isotype-matched controls were negative. Normal human tissues had no detectable HIF-1alpha, but expressed PHD2, 3. The potential use of this new and improved method was confirmed by analyzing 15 surgical biopsies of oropharyngeal SCC of which 6 were positive for HIF-1alpha. This new method defined the optimal conditions for detection of HIF-1alpha and PHDs in individual tumor cells and could have a diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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24
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Baldewijns MM, van Vlodrop IJH, Vermeulen PB, Soetekouw PMMB, van Engeland M, de Bruïne AP. VHL and HIF signalling in renal cell carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2010; 221:125-38. [PMID: 20225241 DOI: 10.1002/path.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays an important role in renal tumourigenesis. In the majority of clear cell RCC (ccRCC), the most frequent and highly vascularized RCC subtype, HIF is constitutively activated by inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau gene. Of the HIF subunits, HIF-2alpha appears to be more oncogenic than HIF-1alpha, in that HIF-2alpha activates pro-tumourigenic target genes. In addition, recent studies indicate that HIF-1alpha, more than HIF-2alpha, can undergo proteasomal degradation in VHL - /- RCC cells. A more detailed understanding of the molecular basis of hypoxia and angiogenesis in renal carcinogenesis has set the stage for the development of targeted therapies, inhibiting multiple HIF-related pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mTOR, RAS/RAF/MAP, and VEGF signalling routes. However, despite the positive results of these targeting agents in progression-free survival, clinical resistance remains an issue. Recent pre-clinical studies have suggested new targeting approaches such as inhibition of HIF-driven key metabolic enzymes and have introduced new HIF targeting agents, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, with successful anti-neoplastic effects. In this review, we discuss existing and novel findings about RCC carcinogenesis, with subsequent clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella M Baldewijns
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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25
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Hsp90 as a gatekeeper of tumor angiogenesis: clinical promise and potential pitfalls. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:412985. [PMID: 20628489 PMCID: PMC2902748 DOI: 10.1155/2010/412985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vascularization is an essential modulator of early tumor growth, progression, and therapeutic outcome. Although antiangiogenic treatments appear promising, intrinsic and acquired tumor resistance contributes to treatment failure. Clinical inhibition of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) provides an opportunity to target multiple aspects of this signaling resiliency, which may elicit more robust and enduring tumor repression relative to effects elicited by specifically targeted agents. This review highlights several primary effectors of angiogenesis modulated by Hsp90 and describes the clinical challenges posed by the redundant circuitry of these pathways. The four main topics addressed include (1) Hsp90-mediated regulation of HIF/VEGF signaling, (2) chaperone-dependent regulation of HIF-independent VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, (3) Hsp90-dependent targeting of key proangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases and modulation of drug resistance, and (4) consideration of factors such as tumor microenvironment that pose several challenges for the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy and Hsp90-targeted strategies.
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Larrayoz IM, Huang JD, Lee JW, Pascual I, Rodríguez IR. 7-ketocholesterol-induced inflammation: involvement of multiple kinase signaling pathways via NFκB but independently of reactive oxygen species formation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:4942-55. [PMID: 20554621 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 7-Ketocholesterol (7KCh) accumulates in oxidized lipoprotein deposits and is known to be involved in macrophage foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. 7-KCh is present in the primate retina and is associated with oxidized lipoprotein deposits located in the choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). 7-KCh can also be formed in the retina as a consequence of light-induced iron release. The purpose of this study was to examine the signaling pathways involved in the 7KCh-mediated inflammatory response focusing on three cytokines, VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were treated with 7KCh solubilized in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Cytokines were quantified by qRT-PCR (mRNA) and ELISA (protein) using commercially available products. NFκB activation was determined by IκBα mRNA induction. RESULTS Treatment of ARPE-19 cells with 15 μM 7KCh markedly induced the expression of VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8. No increase in NOX-4 expression or ROS formation was detected. 7KCh induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK, and inhibitors to these kinases markedly reduced the cytokine expression but did not affect the IκBα mRNA expression. By contrast, inhibition of PI3K and PKCζ significantly decreased the cytokine and IκBα mRNA expression. Inhibition of the IκB kinase complex essentially ablated all cytokine induction. CONCLUSIONS 7KCh induces cytokines via three kinase signaling pathways, AKT-PKCζ-NFκB, p38 MAPK, and ERK. The MAPK/ERK pathways seem to preferentially enhance cytokine induction downstream from NFκB activation. The results of this study suggest that 7KCh activates these pathways through interactions in the plasma membrane, but the mechanism(s) remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Mechanisms of Retinal Diseases Section, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Podar K, Anderson KC. A therapeutic role for targeting c-Myc/Hif-1-dependent signaling pathways. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:1722-8. [PMID: 20404562 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.9.11358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated c-Myc occurs in approximately 30% of human cancers. Similarly, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is commonly overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies. Under physiologic conditions, HIF inhibits c-Myc activity; however, when deregulated oncogenic c-Myc collaborates with HIF in inducing the expression of VEGF, PDK1 and hexokinase 2. Most of the knowledge of HIF derives from studies investigating a role of HIF under hypoxic conditions, however, HIF-1alpha stabilization is also found in normoxic conditions. Specifically, under hypoxic conditions HIF-1-mediated regulation of oncogenic c-Myc plays a pivotal role in conferring metabolic advantages to tumor cells as well as adaptation to the tumorigenic micromilieu. In addition, our own results show that under normoxic conditions oncogenic c-Myc is required for constitutive high HIF-1 protein levels and activity in Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells, thereby influencing VEGF secretion and angiogenic activity within the bone marrow microenvironment. Further studies are needed to delineate the functional relevance of HIF, MYC, and the HIF-MYC collaboration in MM and other malignancies, also integrating the tumor microenvironment and the cellular context. Importantly, early studies already demonstrate promising preclinical of novel agents, predominantly small molecules, which target c-Myc, HIF or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Podar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Gossage L, Eisen T. Alterations in VHL as potential biomarkers in renal-cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010; 7:277-88. [DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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