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Joo HY, Jung JK, Kim MY, Woo SR, Jeong JM, Park ER, Kim YM, Park JJ, Kim J, Yun M, Shin HJ, Lee KH. NADH elevation during chronic hypoxia leads to VHL-mediated HIF-1α degradation via SIRT1 inhibition. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:182. [PMID: 37777750 PMCID: PMC10543270 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under conditions of hypoxia, cancer cells with hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) from heterogeneous tumor cells show greater aggression and progression in an effort to compensate for harsh environmental conditions. Extensive study on the stability of HIF-1α under conditions of acute hypoxia in cancer progression has been conducted, however, understanding of its involvement during the chronic phase is limited. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effect of SIRT1 on HIF1 stability in a typical chronic hypoxic conditon that maintains cells for 24 h under hypoxia using Western blotting, co-IP, measurement of intracellular NAD + and NADH levels, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, invasion assay, gene knockdown. RESULTS Here we demonstrated that the high concentration of pyruvate in the medium, which can be easily overlooked, has an effect on the stability of HIF-1α. We also demonstrated that NADH functions as a signal for conveyance of HIF-1α degradation via the SIRT1 and VHL signaling pathway under conditions of chronic hypoxia, which in turn leads to attenuation of hypoxically strengthened invasion and angiogenic activities. A steep increase in the level of NADH occurs during chronic hypoxia, leading to upregulation of acetylation and degradation of HIF-1α via inactivation of SIRT1. Of particular interest, p300-mediated acetylation at lysine 709 of HIF-1α is recogonized by VHL, which leads to degradation of HIF-1α via ubiquitin/proteasome machinary under conditions of chronic hypoxia. In addition, we demonstrated that NADH-elevation-induced acetylation and subsequent degradation of HIF-1α was independent of proline hydroxylation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a critical role of SIRT1 as a metabolic sensor in coordination of hypoxic status via regulation of HIF-1α stability. These results also demonstrate the involvement of VHL in degradation of HIF-1α through recognition of PHD-mediated hydroxylation in normoxia and p300-mediated HIF-1α acetylation in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yoo Joo
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Lab. of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, The Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Rang Woo
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Hyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ran Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Jean Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Lab. of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miyong Yun
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kee-Ho Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
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Claspin-Dependent and -Independent Chk1 Activation by a Panel of Biological Stresses. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010125. [PMID: 36671510 PMCID: PMC9855620 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication stress has been suggested to be an ultimate trigger of carcinogenesis. Oncogenic signal, such as overexpression of CyclinE, has been shown to induce replication stress. Here, we show that various biological stresses, including heat, oxidative stress, osmotic stress, LPS, hypoxia, and arsenate induce activation of Chk1, a key effector kinase for replication checkpoint. Some of these stresses indeed reduce the fork rate, inhibiting DNA replication. Analyses of Chk1 activation in the cell population with Western analyses showed that Chk1 activation by these stresses is largely dependent on Claspin. On the other hand, single cell analyses with Fucci cells indicated that while Chk1 activation during S phase is dependent on Claspin, that in G1 is mostly independent of Claspin. We propose that various biological stresses activate Chk1 either directly by stalling DNA replication fork or by some other mechanism that does not involve replication inhibition. The former pathway predominantly occurs in S phase and depends on Claspin, while the latter pathway, which may occur throughout the cell cycle, is largely independent of Claspin. Our findings provide evidence for novel links between replication stress checkpoint and other biological stresses and point to the presence of replication-independent mechanisms of Chk1 activation in mammalian cells.
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Hill RM, Rocha S, Parsons JL. Overcoming the Impact of Hypoxia in Driving Radiotherapy Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4130. [PMID: 36077667 PMCID: PMC9454974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is very common in most solid tumours and is a driving force for malignant progression as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. Incidences of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have increased in the last decade and radiotherapy is a major therapeutic technique utilised in the treatment of the tumours. However, effectiveness of radiotherapy is hindered by resistance mechanisms and most notably by hypoxia, leading to poor patient prognosis of HNSCC patients. The phenomenon of hypoxia-induced radioresistance was identified nearly half a century ago, yet despite this, little progress has been made in overcoming the physical lack of oxygen. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia and the underpinning radiobiological response of tumours to this phenotype is much needed. In this review, we will provide an up-to-date overview of how hypoxia alters molecular and cellular processes contributing to radioresistance, particularly in the context of HNSCC, and what strategies have and could be explored to overcome hypoxia-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna M. Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Clatterbridge Road, Bebington CH63 4JY, UK
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4
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Maresca L, Stecca B, Carrassa L. Novel Therapeutic Approaches with DNA Damage Response Inhibitors for Melanoma Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:1466. [PMID: 35563772 PMCID: PMC9099918 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies against components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and immunotherapies, which block immune checkpoints, have shown important clinical benefits in melanoma patients. However, most patients develop resistance, with consequent disease relapse. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel therapeutic approaches for patients who are resistant or do not respond to the current targeted and immune therapies. Melanoma is characterized by homologous recombination (HR) and DNA damage response (DDR) gene mutations and by high replicative stress, which increase the endogenous DNA damage, leading to the activation of DDR. In this review, we will discuss the current experimental evidence on how DDR can be exploited therapeutically in melanoma. Specifically, we will focus on PARP, ATM, CHK1, WEE1 and ATR inhibitors, for which preclinical data as single agents, taking advantage of synthetic lethal interactions, and in combination with chemo-targeted-immunotherapy, have been growing in melanoma, encouraging the ongoing clinical trials. The overviewed data are suggestive of considering DDR inhibitors as a valid therapeutic approach, which may positively impact the future of melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maresca
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Laura Carrassa
- Fondazione Cesalpino, Arezzo Hospital, USL Toscana Sud-Est, Via Pietro Nenni 20, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
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5
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Bader SB, Ma TS, Simpson CJ, Liang J, Maezono S, Olcina M, Buffa F, Hammond E. Replication catastrophe induced by cyclic hypoxia leads to increased APOBEC3B activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7492-7506. [PMID: 34197599 PMCID: PMC8287932 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity includes variable and fluctuating oxygen concentrations, which result in the accumulation of hypoxic regions in most solid tumors. Tumor hypoxia leads to increased therapy resistance and has been linked to genomic instability. Here, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to levels of hypoxia that cause replication stress could increase APOBEC activity and the accumulation of APOBEC-mediated mutations. APOBEC-dependent mutational signatures have been well-characterized, although the physiological conditions which underpin them have not been described. We demonstrate that fluctuating/cyclic hypoxic conditions which lead to replication catastrophe induce the expression and activity of APOBEC3B. In contrast, stable/chronic hypoxic conditions which induce replication stress in the absence of DNA damage are not sufficient to induce APOBEC3B. Most importantly, the number of APOBEC-mediated mutations in patient tumors correlated with a hypoxia signature. Together, our data support the conclusion that hypoxia-induced replication catastrophe drives genomic instability in tumors, specifically through increasing the activity of APOBEC3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Bader
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Tiffany S Ma
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Charlotte J Simpson
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jiachen Liang
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sakura Eri B Maezono
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Monica M Olcina
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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6
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Begg K, Tavassoli M. Inside the hypoxic tumour: reprogramming of the DDR and radioresistance. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:77. [PMID: 32864165 PMCID: PMC7434912 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic tumour is a chaotic landscape of struggle and adaption. Against the adversity of oxygen starvation, hypoxic cancer cells initiate a reprogramming of transcriptional activities, allowing for survival, metastasis and treatment failure. This makes hypoxia a crucial feature of aggressive tumours. Its importance, to cancer and other diseases, was recognised by the award of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for research contributing to our understanding of the cellular response to oxygen deprivation. For cancers with limited treatment options, for example those that rely heavily on radiotherapy, the results of hypoxic adaption are particularly restrictive to treatment success. A fundamental aspect of this hypoxic reprogramming with direct relevance to radioresistance, is the alteration to the DNA damage response, a complex set of intermingling processes that guide the cell (for good or for bad) towards DNA repair or cell death. These alterations, compounded by the fact that oxygen is required to induce damage to DNA during radiotherapy, means that hypoxia represents a persistent obstacle in the treatment of many solid tumours. Considerable research has been done to reverse, correct or diminish hypoxia's power over successful treatment. Though many clinical trials have been performed or are ongoing, particularly in the context of imaging studies and biomarker discovery, this research has yet to inform clinical practice. Indeed, the only hypoxia intervention incorporated into standard of care is the use of the hypoxia-activated prodrug Nimorazole, for head and neck cancer patients in Denmark. Decades of research have allowed us to build a picture of the shift in the DNA repair capabilities of hypoxic cancer cells. A literature consensus tells us that key signal transducers of this response are upregulated, where repair proteins are downregulated. However, a complete understanding of how these alterations lead to radioresistance is yet to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn Begg
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King’s College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King’s College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL UK
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7
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Critchley WR, Reid A, Morris J, Naish JH, Stone JP, Ball AL, Major T, Clark D, Waldron N, Fortune C, Lagan J, Lewis GA, Ainslie M, Schelbert EB, Davis DM, Schmitt M, Fildes JE, Miller CA. The effect of 1.5 T cardiac magnetic resonance on human circulating leucocytes. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:305-312. [PMID: 29165554 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Investigators have proposed that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) should have restrictions similar to those of ionizing imaging techniques. We aimed to investigate the acute effect of 1.5 T CMR on leucocyte DNA integrity, cell counts, and function in vitro, and in a large cohort of patients in vivo. Methods and results In vitro study: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy volunteers, and histone H2AX phosphorylation (γ-H2AX) expression, leucocyte counts, and functional parameters were quantified using flow cytometry under the following conditions: (i) immediately following PBMC isolation, (ii) after standing on the benchside as a temperature and time control, (iii) after a standard CMR scan. In vivo study: blood samples were taken from 64 consecutive consenting patients immediately before and after a standard clinical scan. Samples were analysed for γ-H2AX expression and leucocyte counts. CMR was not associated with a significant change in γ-H2AX expression in vitro or in vivo, although there were significant inter-patient variations. In vitro cell integrity and function did not change with CMR. There was a significant reduction in circulating T cells in vivo following CMR. Conclusion 1.5 T CMR was not associated with DNA damage in vitro or in vivo. Histone H2AX phosphorylation expression varied markedly between individuals; therefore, small studies using γ-H2AX as a marker of DNA damage should be interpreted with caution. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was not associated with loss of leucocyte viability or function in vitro. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was associated with a statistically significant reduction in viable leucocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Critchley
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Research, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room 2.12 Core Technology Facility, Grafton Street, University of Manchester, M13 9NT Manchester, UK.,The Transplant Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Reid
- North West Heart Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3rd Floor-Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Julie Morris
- Department of Medical Statistics, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - Josephine H Naish
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3rd Floor-Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - John P Stone
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Research, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room 2.12 Core Technology Facility, Grafton Street, University of Manchester, M13 9NT Manchester, UK.,The Transplant Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra L Ball
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Research, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room 2.12 Core Technology Facility, Grafton Street, University of Manchester, M13 9NT Manchester, UK.,The Transplant Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - Triin Major
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Research, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room 2.12 Core Technology Facility, Grafton Street, University of Manchester, M13 9NT Manchester, UK.,The Transplant Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - David Clark
- Wythenshawe Alliance Medical Cardiac MRI Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Waldron
- North West Heart Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - Christien Fortune
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3rd Floor-Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Jakub Lagan
- North West Heart Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3rd Floor-Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Gavin A Lewis
- North West Heart Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3rd Floor-Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Mark Ainslie
- North West Heart Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - Erik B Schelbert
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, UPMC, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel M Davis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Research, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room 2.12 Core Technology Facility, Grafton Street, University of Manchester, M13 9NT Manchester, UK
| | - Matthias Schmitt
- North West Heart Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - James E Fildes
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Research, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room 2.12 Core Technology Facility, Grafton Street, University of Manchester, M13 9NT Manchester, UK.,The Transplant Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher A Miller
- North West Heart Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3rd Floor-Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9PL Manchester UK.,Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
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8
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Shen Y, Huang Z, Liu G, Ke C, You W. Hemolymph and transcriptome analysis to understand innate immune responses to hypoxia in Pacific abalone. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Ng N, Purshouse K, Foskolou IP, Olcina MM, Hammond EM. Challenges to DNA replication in hypoxic conditions. FEBS J 2018; 285:1563-1571. [PMID: 29288533 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The term hypoxia refers to any condition where insufficient oxygen is available and therefore encompasses a range of actual oxygen concentrations. The regions of tumours adjacent to necrotic areas are at almost anoxic levels and are known to be extremely therapy resistant (radiobiological hypoxia). The biological response to radiobiological hypoxia includes the rapid accumulation of replication stress and subsequent DNA damage response, including both ATR- and ATM-mediated signalling, despite the absence of detectable DNA damage. The causes and consequences of hypoxia-induced replication stress will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ng
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Karin Purshouse
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Iosifina P Foskolou
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Monica M Olcina
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
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10
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Hasvold G, Lund-Andersen C, Lando M, Patzke S, Hauge S, Suo Z, Lyng H, Syljuåsen RG. Hypoxia-induced alterations of G2 checkpoint regulators. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:764-73. [PMID: 26791779 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes an aggressive tumor phenotype with increased genomic instability, partially due to downregulation of DNA repair pathways. However, genome stability is also surveilled by cell cycle checkpoints. An important issue is therefore whether hypoxia also can influence the DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we show that hypoxia (24 h 0.2% O2) alters the expression of several G2 checkpoint regulators, as examined by microarray gene expression analysis and immunoblotting of U2OS cells. While some of the changes reflected hypoxia-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression, the levels of several G2 checkpoint regulators, in particular Cyclin B, were reduced in G2 phase cells after hypoxic exposure, as shown by flow cytometric barcoding analysis of individual cells. These effects were accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of a Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) target in G2 phase cells after hypoxia, suggesting decreased CDK activity. Furthermore, cells pre-exposed to hypoxia showed increased G2 checkpoint arrest upon treatment with ionizing radiation. Similar results were found following other hypoxic conditions (∼0.03% O2 20 h and 0.2% O2 72 h). These results demonstrate that the DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint can be altered as a consequence of hypoxia, and we propose that such alterations may influence the genome stability of hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grete Hasvold
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christin Lund-Andersen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin Lando
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Hauge
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - ZhenHe Suo
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Lyng
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi G Syljuåsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Nanocurcumin Prevents Hypoxia Induced Stress in Primary Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes by Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139121. [PMID: 26406246 PMCID: PMC4583454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induced oxidative stress incurs pathophysiological changes in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes by promoting translocation of p53 to mitochondria. Here, we investigate the cardio-protective efficacy of nanocurcumin in protecting primary human ventricular cardiomyocytes (HVCM) from hypoxia induced damages. Hypoxia induced hypertrophy was confirmed by FITC-phenylalanine uptake assay, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) levels and cell size measurements. Hypoxia induced translocation of p53 was investigated by using mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore blocker cyclosporin A (blocks entry of p53 to mitochondria) and confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Mitochondrial damage in hypertrophied HVCM cells was evaluated by analysing bio-energetic, anti-oxidant and metabolic function and substrate switching form lipids to glucose. Nanocurcumin prevented translocation of p53 to mitochondria by stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential and de-stressed hypertrophied HVCM cells by significant restoration in lactate, acetyl-coenzyme A, pyruvate and glucose content along with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) activity. Significant restoration in glucose and modulation of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 levels confirmed that nanocurcumin mediated prevention of substrate switching. Nanocurcumin prevented of mitochondrial stress as confirmed by c-fos/c-jun/p53 signalling. The data indicates decrease in p-300 histone acetyl transferase (HAT) mediated histone acetylation and GATA-4 activation as pharmacological targets of nanocurcumin in preventing hypoxia induced hypertrophy. The study provides an insight into propitious therapeutic effects of nanocurcumin in cardio-protection and usability in clinical applications.
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12
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Combinations of Kinase Inhibitors Protecting Myoblasts against Hypoxia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126718. [PMID: 26042811 PMCID: PMC4456388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies to treat skeletal muscle disease are limited by the poor survival of donor myoblasts, due in part to acute hypoxic stress. After confirming that the microenvironment of transplanted myoblasts is hypoxic, we screened a kinase inhibitor library in vitro and identified five kinase inhibitors that protected myoblasts from cell death or growth arrest in hypoxic conditions. A systematic, combinatorial study of these compounds further improved myoblast viability, showing both synergistic and additive effects. Pathway and target analysis revealed CDK5, CDK2, CDC2, WEE1, and GSK3β as the main target kinases. In particular, CDK5 was the center of the target kinase network. Using our recently developed statistical method based on elastic net regression we computationally validated the key role of CDK5 in cell protection against hypoxia. This method provided a list of potential kinase targets with a quantitative measure of their optimal amount of relative inhibition. A modified version of the method was also able to predict the effect of combinations using single-drug response data. This work is the first step towards a broadly applicable system-level strategy for the pharmacology of hypoxic damage.
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13
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Scanlon SE, Glazer PM. Multifaceted control of DNA repair pathways by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 32:180-189. [PMID: 25956861 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, as a pervasive feature in the microenvironment of solid tumors, plays a significant role in cancer progression, metastasis, and ultimately clinical outcome. One key cellular consequence of hypoxic stress is the regulation of DNA repair pathways, which contributes to the genomic instability and mutator phenotype observed in human cancers. Tumor hypoxia can vary in severity and duration, ranging from acute fluctuating hypoxia arising from temporary blockages in the immature microvasculature, to chronic moderate hypoxia due to sparse vasculature, to complete anoxia at distances more than 150 μM from the nearest blood vessel. Paralleling the intra-tumor heterogeneity of hypoxia, the effects of hypoxia on DNA repair occur through diverse mechanisms. Acutely, hypoxia activates DNA damage signaling pathways, primarily via post-translational modifications. On a longer timescale, hypoxia leads to transcriptional and/or translational downregulation of most DNA repair pathways including DNA double-strand break repair, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair. Furthermore, extended hypoxia can lead to long-term persistent silencing of certain DNA repair genes, including BRCA1 and MLH1, revealing a mechanism by which tumor suppressor genes can be inactivated. The discoveries of the hypoxic modulation of DNA repair pathways have highlighted many potential ways to target susceptibilities of hypoxic cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the multifaceted hypoxic control of DNA repair at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels, and we will offer perspective on the future of its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Scanlon
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Hammond EM, Asselin MC, Forster D, O'Connor JPB, Senra JM, Williams KJ. The meaning, measurement and modification of hypoxia in the laboratory and the clinic. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:277-88. [PMID: 24602562 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia was identified as a microenvironmental component of solid tumours over 60 years ago and was immediately recognised as a potential barrier to therapy through the reliance of radiotherapy on oxygen to elicit maximal cytotoxicity. Over the last two decades both clinical and experimental studies have markedly enhanced our understanding of how hypoxia influences cellular behaviour and therapy response. Furthermore, they have confirmed early assumptions that low oxygenation status in tumours is an exploitable target in cancer therapy. Generally such approaches will be more beneficial to patients with hypoxic tumours, necessitating the use of biomarkers that reflect oxygenation status. Tissue biomarkers have shown utility in many studies. Further significant advances have been made in the non-invasive measurement of tumour hypoxia with positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging modalities. Here, we describe the complexities of defining and measuring tumour hypoxia and highlight the therapeutic approaches to combat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Hammond
- The Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M-C Asselin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - D Forster
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - J P B O'Connor
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Institute of Population Health, Manchester, UK
| | - J M Senra
- The Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K J Williams
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Cambridge-Manchester Cancer Research UK Comprehensive Imaging Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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15
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Luoto KR, Kumareswaran R, Bristow RG. Tumor hypoxia as a driving force in genetic instability. Genome Integr 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 24152759 PMCID: PMC4016142 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9414-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-regions of hypoxia exist within all tumors and the presence of intratumoral hypoxia has an adverse impact on patient prognosis. Tumor hypoxia can increase metastatic capacity and lead to resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Hypoxia also leads to altered transcription and translation of a number of DNA damage response and repair genes. This can lead to inhibition of recombination-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Hypoxia can also increase the rate of mutation. Therefore, tumor cell adaptation to the hypoxic microenvironment can drive genetic instability and malignant progression. In this review, we focus on hypoxia-mediated genetic instability in the context of aberrant DNA damage signaling and DNA repair. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches to specifically target repair-deficient hypoxic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa R Luoto
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramya Kumareswaran
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G2M9, Canada
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G2M9, Canada
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16
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Cazares-Körner C, Pires IM, Swallow ID, Grayer S, O’Connor LJ, Olcina M, Christlieb M, Conway SJ, Hammond EM. CH-01 is a hypoxia-activated prodrug that sensitizes cells to hypoxia/reoxygenation through inhibition of Chk1 and Aurora A. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1451-9. [PMID: 23597309 PMCID: PMC3719478 DOI: 10.1021/cb4001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increased resistance of hypoxic cells to all forms of cancer therapy presents a major barrier to the successful treatment of most solid tumors. Inhibition of the essential kinase Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) has been described as a promising cancer therapy for tumors with high levels of hypoxia-induced replication stress. However, as inhibition of Chk1 affects normal replication and induces DNA damage, these agents also have the potential to induce genomic instability and contribute to tumorigenesis. To overcome this problem, we have developed a bioreductive prodrug, which functions as a Chk1/Aurora A inhibitor specifically in hypoxic conditions. To achieve this activity, a key functionality on the Chk1 inhibitor (CH-01) is masked by a bioreductive group, rendering the compound inactive as a Chk1/Aurora A inhibitor. Reduction of the bioreductive group nitro moiety, under hypoxic conditions, reveals an electron-donating substituent that leads to fragmentation of the molecule, affording the active inhibitor. Most importantly, we show a significant loss of viability in cancer cell lines exposed to hypoxia in the presence of CH-01. This novel approach targets the most aggressive and therapy-resistant tumor fraction while protecting normal tissue from therapy-induced genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Cazares-Körner
- Cancer Research U.K./MRC Gray
Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building,
Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Isabel M. Pires
- Cancer Research U.K./MRC Gray
Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building,
Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - I. Diane Swallow
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Samuel
C. Grayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Liam J. O’Connor
- Cancer Research U.K./MRC Gray
Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building,
Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Monica
M. Olcina
- Cancer Research U.K./MRC Gray
Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building,
Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Martin Christlieb
- Cancer Research U.K./MRC Gray
Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building,
Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Cancer Research U.K./MRC Gray
Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building,
Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
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17
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Hasvold G, Nähse-Kumpf V, Tkacz-Stachowska K, Rofstad EK, Syljuåsen RG. The Efficacy of CHK1 Inhibitors Is Not Altered by Hypoxia, but Is Enhanced after Reoxygenation. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:705-16. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, Montalto G, Cervello M, Libra M, Candido S, Malaponte G, Mazzarino MC, Fagone P, Nicoletti F, Bäsecke J, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Milella M, Tafuri A, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Cocco L, Martelli AM. Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibitors: how mutations can result in therapy resistance and how to overcome resistance. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1068-111. [PMID: 23085539 PMCID: PMC3717945 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades are often activated by genetic alterations in upstream signaling molecules such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Targeting these pathways is often complex and can result in pathway activation depending on the presence of upstream mutations (e.g., Raf inhibitors induce Raf activation in cells with wild type (WT) RAF in the presence of mutant, activated RAS) and rapamycin can induce Akt activation. Targeting with inhibitors directed at two constituents of the same pathway or two different signaling pathways may be a more effective approach. This review will first evaluate potential uses of Raf, MEK, PI3K, Akt and mTOR inhibitors that have been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical investigations and then discuss how cancers can become insensitive to various inhibitors and potential strategies to overcome this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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19
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Harding SM, Coackley C, Bristow RG. ATM-dependent phosphorylation of 53BP1 in response to genomic stress in oxic and hypoxic cells. Radiother Oncol 2011; 99:307-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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