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Nicholls J, Cao B, Le Texier L, Xiong LY, Hunter CR, Llanes G, Aguliar EG, Schroder WA, Phipps S, Lynch JP, Cao H, Heazlewood SY, Williams B, Clouston AD, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Nilsson SK, Blazar BR, MacDonald KPA. Bone Marrow Regulatory T Cells Are a Unique Population, Supported by Niche-Specific Cytokines and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, and Required for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Control. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737880. [PMID: 34631716 PMCID: PMC8493124 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) reconstitution is essential for reestablishing tolerance and maintaining homeostasis following stem-cell transplantation. We previously reported that bone marrow (BM) is highly enriched in autophagy-dependent Treg and autophagy disruption leads to a significant Treg loss, particularly BM-Treg. To correct the known Treg deficiency observed in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) patients, low dose IL-2 infusion has been administered, substantially increasing peripheral Treg (pTreg) numbers. However, as clinical responses were only seen in ∼50% of patients, we postulated that pTreg augmentation was more robust than for BM-Treg. We show that BM-Treg and pTreg have distinct characteristics, indicated by differential transcriptome expression for chemokine receptors, transcription factors, cell cycle control of replication and genes linked to Treg function. Further, BM-Treg were more quiescent, expressed lower FoxP3, were highly enriched for co-inhibitory markers and more profoundly depleted than splenic Treg in cGVHD mice. In vivo our data are consistent with the BM and not splenic microenvironment is, at least in part, driving this BM-Treg signature, as adoptively transferred splenic Treg that entered the BM niche acquired a BM-Treg phenotype. Analyses identified upregulated expression of IL-9R, IL-33R, and IL-7R in BM-Treg. Administration of the T cell produced cytokine IL-2 was required by splenic Treg expansion but had no impact on BM-Treg, whereas the converse was true for IL-9 administration. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) within the BM also may contribute to BM-Treg maintenance. Using pDC-specific BDCA2-DTR mice in which diptheria toxin administration results in global pDC depletion, we demonstrate that pDC depletion hampers BM, but not splenic, Treg homeostasis. Together, these data provide evidence that BM-Treg and splenic Treg are phenotypically and functionally distinct and influenced by niche-specific mediators that selectively support their respective Treg populations. The unique properties of BM-Treg should be considered for new therapies to reconstitute Treg and reestablish tolerance following SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Nicholls
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laetitia Le Texier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Yan Xiong
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Hunter
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Genesis Llanes
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ethan G. Aguliar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wayne A. Schroder
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason P. Lynch
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shen Y. Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christian M. Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan K. Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelli P. A. MacDonald
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Waller EK, Logan BR, Harris WAC, Devine SM, Porter DL, Mineishi S, McCarty JM, Gonzalez CE, Spitzer TR, Krijanovski OI, Linenberger ML, Woolfrey A, Howard A, Wu J, Confer DL, Anasetti C. Improved survival after transplantation of more donor plasmacytoid dendritic or naïve T cells from unrelated-donor marrow grafts: results from BMTCTN 0201. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:2365-72. [PMID: 24982459 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.54.4577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize relationships between specific immune cell subsets in bone marrow (BM) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood (PB) stem cells collected from unrelated donors and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing transplantation in BMTCTN 0201. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fresh aliquots of 161 BM and 147 PB stem-cell allografts from North American donors randomly assigned to donate BM or PB stem cells and numbers of transplanted cells were correlated with overall survival (OS), relapse, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). RESULTS Patients with evaluable grafts were similar to all BMTCTN 0201 patients. The numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and naïve T cells (Tns) in BM allografts were independently associated with OS in multivariable analyses including recipient and donor characteristics, such as human leukocyte antigen mismatch, age, and use of antithymocyte globulin. BM recipients of > median number of pDCs, naïve CD8(+) T cells (CD8Tns), or naïve CD4(+) T cells (CD4Tns) had better 3-year OS (pDCs, 56% v 35%; P = .025; CD8Tns, 56% v 37%; P = .012; CD4Tns, 55% v 37%; P = .009). Transplantation of more BM Tns was associated with less grade 3 to 4 acute GvHD but similar rates of relapse. Transplantation of more BM pDCs was associated with fewer deaths resulting from GvHD or from graft rejection. Analysis of PB grafts did not identify a donor cell subset significantly associated with OS, relapse, or GvHD. CONCLUSION Donor immune cells in BM but not PB stem-cell grafts were associated with survival after unrelated-donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. The biologic activity of donor immune cells in allogeneic transplantation varied between graft sources. Donor grafts with more BM-derived Tns and pDCs favorably regulated post-transplantation immunity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund K Waller
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
| | - Brent R Logan
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Wayne A C Harris
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Steven M Devine
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - David L Porter
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Shin Mineishi
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - John M McCarty
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Corina E Gonzalez
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Thomas R Spitzer
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Oleg I Krijanovski
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Michael L Linenberger
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Ann Woolfrey
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Alan Howard
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Juan Wu
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Dennis L Confer
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Edmund K. Waller and Wayne A.C. Harris, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Brent R. Logan, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Steven M. Devine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; David L. Porter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Shin Mineishi, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; John M. McCarty, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Corina E. Gonzalez, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Thomas R. Spitzer, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Oleg I. Krijanovski, Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA; Michael L. Linenberger and Ann Woolfrey, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan Howard and Dennis L. Confer, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN; Juan Wu, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; and Claudio Anasetti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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