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Han Z, Hao X, Zhou CJ, Wang J, Wen X, Wang XY, Zhang DJ, Liang CG. Clathrin Heavy Chain 1 Plays Essential Roles During Oocyte Meiotic Spindle Formation and Early Embryonic Development in Sheep. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:609311. [PMID: 33718352 PMCID: PMC7946971 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.609311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles, clathrin molecules have been shown to play a stabilization role for kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter-microtubule bridges. Clathrin heavy chain 1 (CLTC), the basic subunit of the clathrin coat, plays vital roles in both spindle assembly and chromosome congression during somatic-cell mitosis. However, its function in oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryo development in mammals, especially in domesticated animals, has not been fully investigated. In this study, the expression profiles and functional roles of CLTC in sheep oocytes were investigated. Our results showed that the expression of CLTC was maintained at a high level from the germinal vesicle (GV) stage to metaphase II stage and that CLTC was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm of cells at interphase, from the GV stage to the blastocyst stage. After GV breakdown (GVBD), CLTC co-localized with beta-tubulin during metaphase. Oocyte treatments with taxol, nocodazole, or cold did not affect CLTC expression levels but led to disorders of its distribution. Functional impairment of CLTC by specific morpholino injections in GV-stage oocytes led to disruptions in spindle assembly and chromosomal alignment, accompanied by impaired first polar body (PB1) emissions. In addition, knockdown of CLTC before parthenogenetic activation disrupted spindle formation and impaired early embryo development. Taken together, the results demonstrate that CLTC plays a vital role in sheep oocyte maturation via the regulation of spindle dynamics and an essential role during early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xing-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - De-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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2
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Ryan EL, Shelford J, Massam-Wu T, Bayliss R, Royle SJ. Defining endogenous TACC3-chTOG-clathrin-GTSE1 interactions at the mitotic spindle using induced relocalization. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs255794. [PMID: 33380489 PMCID: PMC7875487 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiprotein complex containing TACC3, clathrin and other proteins has been implicated in mitotic spindle stability. To disrupt this complex in an anti-cancer context, we need to understand its composition and how it interacts with microtubules. Induced relocalization of proteins in cells is a powerful way to analyze protein-protein interactions and, additionally, monitor where and when these interactions occur. We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to add tandem FKBP-GFP tags to each complex member. The relocalization of endogenous tagged protein from the mitotic spindle to mitochondria and assessment of the effect on other proteins allowed us to establish that TACC3 and clathrin are core complex members and that chTOG (also known as CKAP5) and GTSE1 are ancillary to the complex, binding respectively to TACC3 and clathrin, but not each other. We also show that PIK3C2A, a clathrin-binding protein that was proposed to stabilize the TACC3-chTOG-clathrin-GTSE1 complex during mitosis, is not a member of the complex. This work establishes that targeting the TACC3-clathrin interface or their microtubule-binding sites are the two strategies most likely to disrupt spindle stability mediated by this multiprotein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis L Ryan
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - James Shelford
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Teresa Massam-Wu
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard Bayliss
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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3
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Rizzelli F, Malabarba MG, Sigismund S, Mapelli M. The crosstalk between microtubules, actin and membranes shapes cell division. Open Biol 2020; 10:190314. [PMID: 32183618 PMCID: PMC7125961 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression is orchestrated by morphological and mechanical changes promoted by the coordinated activities of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane (PM). MTs assemble the mitotic spindle, which assists sister chromatid separation, and contact the rigid and tensile actomyosin cortex rounded-up underneath the PM. Here, we highlight the dynamic crosstalk between MTs, actin and cell membranes during mitosis, and discuss the molecular connections between them. We also summarize recent views on how MT traction forces, the actomyosin cortex and membrane trafficking contribute to spindle positioning in isolated cells in culture and in epithelial sheets. Finally, we describe the emerging role of membrane trafficking in synchronizing actomyosin tension and cell shape changes with cell-substrate adhesion, cell-cell contacts and extracellular signalling events regulating proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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4
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Targeting centrosome amplification, an Achilles' heel of cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1209-1222. [PMID: 31506331 PMCID: PMC6824836 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to cell-cycle dysregulation, many cancer cells contain more than the normal compliment of centrosomes, a state referred to as centrosome amplification (CA). CA can drive oncogenic phenotypes and indeed can cause cancer in flies and mammals. However, cells have to actively manage CA, often by centrosome clustering, in order to divide. Thus, CA is also an Achilles' Heel of cancer cells. In recent years, there have been many important studies identifying proteins required for the management of CA and it has been demonstrated that disruption of some of these proteins can cause cancer-specific inhibition of cell growth. For certain targets therapeutically relevant interventions are being investigated, for example, small molecule inhibitors, although none are yet in clinical trials. As the field is now poised to move towards clinically relevant interventions, it is opportune to summarise the key work in targeting CA thus far, with particular emphasis on recent developments where small molecule or other strategies have been proposed. We also highlight the relatively unexplored paradigm of reversing CA, and thus its oncogenic effects, for therapeutic gain.
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Yabuno Y, Uchihashi T, Sasakura T, Shimizu H, Naito Y, Fukushima K, Ota K, Kogo M, Nojima H, Yabuta N. Clathrin heavy chain phosphorylated at T606 plays a role in proper cell division. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1976-1994. [PMID: 31272276 PMCID: PMC6681784 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1637201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin regulates mitotic progression, in addition to membrane trafficking. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms of clathrin during mitosis remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate novel regulation of clathrin during mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Clathrin heavy chain (CHC) was phosphorylated at T606 by its association partner cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK). This phosphorylation was required for proper cell proliferation and tumor growth of cells implanted into nude mice. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the localization of CHC-pT606 signals changed during mitosis. CHC-pT606 signals localized in the nucleus and at the centrosome during interphase, whereas CHC signals were mostly cytoplasmic. Co-immunoprecipitation suggested that CHC formed a complex with GAK and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Depletion of GAK using siRNA induced metaphase arrest and aberrant localization of CHC-pT606, which abolished Kiz-pT379 (as a phosphorylation target of PLK1) signals on chromatin at metaphase. Taken together, we propose that the GAK_CHC-pT606_PLK1_Kiz-pT379 axis plays a role in proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yabuno
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Uchihashi
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Towa Sasakura
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Naito
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kohshiro Fukushima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Ota
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nojima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikazu Yabuta
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Courthéoux T, Reboutier D, Vazeille T, Cremet JY, Benaud C, Vernos I, Prigent C. Microtubule nucleation during central spindle assembly requires NEDD1 phosphorylation on Serine 405 by Aurora A. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231118. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the cell sequentially constructs two microtubule-based spindles to ensure faithful segregation of chromosomes. A bipolar spindle first pulls apart the sister chromatids, then a central spindle further separates them away. Although the assembly of the first spindle is well described, the assembly of the second remains poorly understood. We report here that the inhibition of Aurora A leads to an absence of the central spindle due to a lack of nucleation of microtubules in the midzone. In the absence of Aurora A, the HURP and NEDD1 proteins that are involved in nucleation of microtubules fail to concentrate in the midzone. HURP is an effector of RanGTP and NEDD1 serves as an anchor for the γTURC. Interestingly, Aurora A already phosphorylates them during assembly of the bipolar spindle. We show here that the expression of a NEDD1 isoform mimicking Aurora A phosphorylation is sufficient to restore microtubule nucleation in the midzone in a context of Aurora A inhibition. These results reveal a new control mechanism of nucleation of microtubules by Aurora A during assembly of the central spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Courthéoux
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2014, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - David Reboutier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2014, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thibaut Vazeille
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2014, F35000 Rennes, France
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Yves Cremet
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2014, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Benaud
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2014, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Vernos
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claude Prigent
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2014, F35000 Rennes, France
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7
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Zhang Y, Tan L, Yang Q, Li C, Liou YC. The microtubule-associated protein HURP recruits the centrosomal protein TACC3 to regulate K-fiber formation and support chromosome congression. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15733-15747. [PMID: 30054275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetochore fibers (K-fibers) are microtubule bundles attached to chromosomes. Efficient K-fiber formation is required for chromosome congression, crucial for faithful chromosome segregation in cells. However, the mechanisms underlying K-fiber formation before chromosome biorientation remain unclear. Depletion of hepatoma up-regulated protein (HURP), a RanGTP-dependent microtubule-associated protein localized on K-fibers, has been shown to result in low-efficiency K-fiber formation. Therefore, here we sought to identify critical interaction partners of HURP that may modulate this function. Using co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we determined that HURP interacts directly with the centrosomal protein transforming acidic coiled coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3), a centrosomal protein, both in vivo and in vitro through the HURP1-625 region. We found that HURP is important for TACC3 function during kinetochore microtubule assembly at the chromosome region in prometaphase. Moreover, HURP regulates stable lateral kinetochore attachment and chromosome congression in early mitosis by modulation of TACC3. These findings provide new insight into the coordinated regulation of K-fiber formation and chromosome congression in prometaphase by microtubule-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore and
| | - Lora Tan
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore and
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore and
| | - Chenyu Li
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore and
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore and .,the NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Singapore
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8
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The Aurora kinase A inhibitor TC-A2317 disrupts mitotic progression and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84718-84735. [PMID: 27713168 PMCID: PMC5356694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression is crucial for the maintenance of chromosomal stability. A proper progression is ensured by the activities of multiple kinases. One of these enzymes, the serine/threonine kinase Aurora A, is required for proper mitosis through the regulation of centrosome and spindle assembly. In this study, we functionally characterized a newly developed Aurora kinase A inhibitor, TC-A2317. In human lung cancer cells, TC-A2317 slowed proliferation by causing aberrant formation of centrosome and microtubule spindles and prolonging the duration of mitosis. Abnormal mitotic progression led to accumulation of cells containing micronuclei or multinuclei. Furthermore, TC-A2317–treated cells underwent apoptosis, autophagy or senescence depending on cell type. In addition, TC-A2317 inactivated the spindle assembly checkpoint triggered by paclitaxel, thereby exacerbating mitotic catastrophe. Consistent with this, the expression level of Aurora A in tumors was inversely correlated with survival in lung cancer patients. Collectively, these data suggest that inhibition of Aurora kinase A using TC-A2317 is a promising target for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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9
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Harrison LE, Bleiler M, Giardina C. A look into centrosome abnormalities in colon cancer cells, how they arise and how they might be targeted therapeutically. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 147:1-8. [PMID: 29128368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have long been noted for alterations in centrosome structure, number, and function. Colorectal cancers are interesting in this regard since two frequently mutated genes, APC and CTNNB1 (β-catenin), encode proteins that directly interact with the centrosome and affect its ability to direct microtubule growth and establish cell polarity. Colorectal cancers also frequently display centrosome over-duplication and clustering. Efforts have been directed toward understanding how supernumerary centrosomes cluster and whether disrupting this clustering may be a way to induce aberrant/lethal mitoses of cancer cells. Given the important role of the centrosome in establishing spindle polarity and regulating some apoptotic signaling pathways, other approaches to centrosome targeting may be fruitful as well. Basic information on the nature and extent of centrosome defects in colorectal cancer, including why they over-duplicate and whether this over-duplication compensates for their functional defects, could provide a framework for the development of novel approaches for the therapeutic targeting of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Harrison
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 91 North Eagleville Road, U3125, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Marina Bleiler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 91 North Eagleville Road, U3125, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Charles Giardina
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 91 North Eagleville Road, U3125, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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10
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Lu A, Zhou CJ, Wang DH, Han Z, Kong XW, Ma YZ, Yun ZZ, Liang CG. Cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 and clathrin heavy chain binding regulates spindle assembly in mouse oocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17491-17503. [PMID: 28177917 PMCID: PMC5392264 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte meiotic maturation is the precondition of early embryo development. Lots of microtubules (MT)-associated proteins participate in oocyte maturation process. Cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5) is a member of the XMAP215 family that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitosis. However, its role in meiosis has not been fully studied. Here, we investigated the function of CKAP5 in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryo development. Western blot showed that CKAP5 expression increased from GVBD, maintaining at high level at metaphase, and decreased after late 1-cell stage. Confocal microscopy showed there is no specific accumulation of CKAP5 at interphase (GV, PN or 2-cell stage). However, once cells enter into meiotic or mitotic division, CKAP5 was localized at the whole spindle apparatus. Treatment of oocytes with the tubulin-disturbing reagents nocodazole (induces MTs depolymerization) or taxol (prevents MTs depolymerization) did not affect CKAP5 expression but led to a rearrangement of CKAP5. Further, knock-down of CKAP5 resulted in a failure of first polar body extrusion, serious defects in spindle assembly, and failure of chromosome alignment. Loss of CKAP5 also decreased early embryo development potential. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation showed that CKAP5 bound to clathrin heavy chain 1 (CLTC). Taken together, our results demonstrate that CKAP5 is important in oocyte maturation and early embryo development, and CKAP5 might work together with CLTC in mouse oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeleem Lu
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Han
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Wei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhen Ma
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Yun
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ding ZM, Huang CJ, Jiao XF, Wu D, Huo LJ. The role of TACC3 in mitotic spindle organization. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 74:369-378. [PMID: 28745816 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TACC3 regulates spindle organization during mitosis and also regulates centrosome-mediated microtubule nucleation by affecting γ-Tubulin ring complexes. In addition, it interacts with different proteins (such as ch-TOG, clathrin and Aurora-A) to function in mitotic spindle assembly and stability. By forming the TACC3/ch-TOG complex, TACC3 acts as a plus end-tracking protein to promote microtubule elongation. The TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex is formed to stabilize kinetochore fibers by crosslinking adjacent microtubules. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of TACC3 by Aurora-A is important for the formation of TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin and its recruitment to kinetochore fibers. Recently, the aberrant expression of TACC3 in a variety of human cancers has been linked with mitotic defects. Thus, in this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the biological roles of TACC3 in mitotic spindle organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong, Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong, Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong, Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong, Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong, Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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12
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Bekier ME, Wang L, Li J, Huang H, Tang D, Zhang X, Wang Y. Knockout of the Golgi stacking proteins GRASP55 and GRASP65 impairs Golgi structure and function. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2833-2842. [PMID: 28814501 PMCID: PMC5638586 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
GRASP55 and GRASP65 were knocked out, and it was found that double knockout of GRASP proteins disperses the Golgi stack into single cisternae and tubulovesicular structures, accelerates protein trafficking, and impairs accurate glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 65 kDa (GRASP65) and Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 55 kDa (GRASP55) were originally identified as Golgi stacking proteins; however, subsequent GRASP knockdown experiments yielded inconsistent results with respect to the Golgi structure, indicating a limitation of RNAi-based depletion. In this study, we have applied the recently developed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology to knock out GRASP55 and GRASP65, individually or in combination, in HeLa and HEK293 cells. We show that double knockout of GRASP proteins disperses the Golgi stack into single cisternae and tubulovesicular structures, accelerates protein trafficking, and impairs accurate glycosylation of proteins and lipids. These results demonstrate a critical role for GRASPs in maintaining the stacked structure of the Golgi, which is required for accurate posttranslational modifications in the Golgi. Additionally, the GRASP knockout cell lines developed in this study will be useful tools for studying the role of GRASP proteins in other important cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Bekier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Leibin Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Haoran Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Danming Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048 .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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13
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Li Q, Ye L, Guo W, Wang M, Huang S, Peng X. Overexpression of TACC3 is correlated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:872-878. [PMID: 28336437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC3), a member of the TACC family, has been shown to be deregulated in various cancers and involved in tumor progression. However, its biological role and molecular mechanism in prostate cancer (PCa) have not been elucidated. Herein, we reported that TACC3 was markedly upregulated in metastatic PCa. The upregulation of TACC3 was significantly associated with the metastasis status, tumor stage, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and Gleason score in patients with PCa. Moreover, a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with PCa who had high TACC3 expression experienced shorter disease-free survival than patients with a low TACC3 expression. In addition, the knockdown of TACC3 dramatically reduced the migratory speed and invasiveness of PCa cells. Furthermore, silencing TACC3 markedly suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings uncover a supportive role for TACC3 in PCa metastasis, which is mediated by the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that TACC3 may serve as a prognostic marker in patients with metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiji Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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14
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Rao SR, Flores-Rodriguez N, Page SL, Wong C, Robinson PJ, Chircop M. The Clathrin-dependent Spindle Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2537-53. [PMID: 27174698 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.054809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitotic spindle is required for chromosome congression and subsequent equal segregation of sister chromatids. These processes involve a complex network of signaling molecules located at the spindle. The endocytic protein, clathrin, has a "moonlighting" role during mitosis, whereby it stabilizes the mitotic spindle. The signaling pathways that clathrin participates in to achieve mitotic spindle stability are unknown. Here, we assessed the mitotic spindle proteome and phosphoproteome in clathrin-depleted cells using quantitative MS/MS (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001603). We report a spindle proteome that consists of 3046 proteins and a spindle phosphoproteome consisting of 5157 phosphosites in 1641 phosphoproteins. Of these, 2908 (95.4%) proteins and 1636 (99.7%) phosphoproteins are known or predicted spindle-associated proteins. Clathrin-depletion from spindles resulted in dysregulation of 121 proteins and perturbed signaling to 47 phosphosites. The majority of these proteins increased in mitotic spindle abundance and six of these were validated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Functional pathway analysis confirmed the reported role of clathrin in mitotic spindle stabilization for chromosome alignment and highlighted possible new mechanisms of clathrin action. The data also revealed a novel second mitotic role for clathrin in bipolar spindle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma R Rao
- From the ‡Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Neftali Flores-Rodriguez
- From the ‡Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott L Page
- From the ‡Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Chin Wong
- From the ‡Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- From the ‡Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan Chircop
- From the ‡Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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15
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Carvalhal S, Ribeiro SA, Arocena M, Kasciukovic T, Temme A, Koehler K, Huebner A, Griffis ER. The nucleoporin ALADIN regulates Aurora A localization to ensure robust mitotic spindle formation. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3424-38. [PMID: 26246606 PMCID: PMC4591688 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-02-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleoporin ALADIN, which is mutated in patients with triple A syndrome, is necessary for proper spindle formation. Without ALADIN, active Aurora A moves away from centrosomes. The relocalization of active Aurora A leads to a redistribution of specific spindle assembly factors that make spindles less stable and slows their formation. The formation of the mitotic spindle is a complex process that requires massive cellular reorganization. Regulation by mitotic kinases controls this entire process. One of these mitotic controllers is Aurora A kinase, which is itself highly regulated. In this study, we show that the nuclear pore protein ALADIN is a novel spatial regulator of Aurora A. Without ALADIN, Aurora A spreads from centrosomes onto spindle microtubules, which affects the distribution of a subset of microtubule regulators and slows spindle assembly and chromosome alignment. ALADIN interacts with inactive Aurora A and is recruited to the spindle pole after Aurora A inhibition. Of interest, mutations in ALADIN cause triple A syndrome. We find that some of the mitotic phenotypes that we observe after ALADIN depletion also occur in cells from triple A syndrome patients, which raises the possibility that mitotic errors may underlie part of the etiology of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carvalhal
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, College of Life Sciences, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Abreu Ribeiro
- Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Arocena
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, College of Life Sciences, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Taciana Kasciukovic
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, College of Life Sciences, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Koehler
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Huebner
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eric R Griffis
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, College of Life Sciences, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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16
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Burgess SG, Peset I, Joseph N, Cavazza T, Vernos I, Pfuhl M, Gergely F, Bayliss R. Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005345. [PMID: 26134678 PMCID: PMC4489650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential mammalian gene TACC3 is frequently mutated and amplified in cancers and its fusion products exhibit oncogenic activity in glioblastomas. TACC3 functions in mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. In particular, phosphorylation on S558 by the mitotic kinase, Aurora-A, promotes spindle recruitment of TACC3 and triggers the formation of a complex with ch-TOG-clathrin that crosslinks and stabilises kinetochore microtubules. Here we map the Aurora-A-binding interface in TACC3 and show that TACC3 potently activates Aurora-A through a domain centered on F525. Vertebrate cells carrying homozygous F525A mutation in the endogenous TACC3 loci exhibit defects in TACC3 function, namely perturbed localization, reduced phosphorylation and weakened interaction with clathrin. The most striking feature of the F525A cells however is a marked shortening of mitosis, at least in part due to rapid spindle assembly. F525A cells do not exhibit chromosome missegregation, indicating that they undergo fast yet apparently faithful mitosis. By contrast, mutating the phosphorylation site S558 to alanine in TACC3 causes aneuploidy without a significant change in mitotic duration. Our work has therefore defined a regulatory role for the Aurora-A-TACC3 interaction beyond the act of phosphorylation at S558. We propose that the regulatory relationship between Aurora-A and TACC3 enables the transition from the microtubule-polymerase activity of TACC3-ch-TOG to the microtubule-crosslinking activity of TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin complexes as mitosis progresses. Aurora-A-dependent control of TACC3 could determine the balance between these activities, thereby influencing not only spindle length and stability but also the speed of spindle formation with vital consequences for chromosome alignment and segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena G. Burgess
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Peset
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nimesh Joseph
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Cavazza
- Cell and Developmental Biology program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Vernos
- Cell and Developmental Biology program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Pfuhl
- Cardiovascular and Randall Division, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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17
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Chou CH, Loh JK, Yang MC, Lin CC, Hong MC, Cho CL, Chou AK, Wang CH, Lieu AS, Howng SL, Hsu CM, Hong YR. AIBp regulates mitotic entry and mitotic spindle assembly by controlling activation of both Aurora-A and Plk1. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2764-76. [PMID: 26114227 PMCID: PMC4614063 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1066536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Aurora-A and the hNinein binding protein AIBp facilitate centrosomal structure maintenance and contribute to spindle formation. Here, we report that AIBp also interacts with Plk1, raising the possibility of functional similarity to Bora, which subsequently promotes Aurora-A-mediated Plk1 activation at Thr210 as well as Aurora-A activation at Thr288. In kinase assays, AIBp acts not only as a substrate but also as a positive regulator of both Aurora-A and Plk1. However, AIBp functions as a negative regulator to block phosphorylation of hNinein mediated by Aurora-A and Plk1. These findings suggest a novel AIBp-dependent regulatory machinery that controls mitotic entry. Additionally, knockdown of hNinein caused failure of AIBp to target the centrosome, whereas depletion of AIBp did not affect the localization of hNinein and microtubule nucleation. Notably, knockdown of AIBp in HeLa cells impaired both Aurora-A and Plk1 kinase, resulting in phenotypes with multiple spindle pole formation and chromosome misalignment. Our data show that depletion of AIBp results in the mis-localization of TACC3 and ch-TOG, but not CEP192 and CEP215, suggesting that loss of AIBp dominantly affects the Aurora-A substrate to cause mitotic aberrations. Collectively, our data demonstrate that AIBp contributes to mitotic entry and bipolar spindle assembly and may partially control localization, phosphorylation, and activation of both Aurora-A and Plk1 via hNinein during mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Chou
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joon-Khim Loh
- Department of Surgery; Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Medical Research; Center of Education and Faculty Development; Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Lin
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Hong
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - An-Kuo Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Long Howng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Gutiérrez-Caballero C, Burgess SG, Bayliss R, Royle SJ. TACC3-ch-TOG track the growing tips of microtubules independently of clathrin and Aurora-A phosphorylation. Biol Open 2015; 4:170-9. [PMID: 25596274 PMCID: PMC4365485 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201410843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between TACC3 (transforming acidic coiled coil protein 3) and the microtubule polymerase ch-TOG (colonic, hepatic tumor overexpressed gene) is evolutionarily conserved. Loading of TACC3-ch-TOG onto mitotic spindle microtubules requires the phosphorylation of TACC3 by Aurora-A kinase and the subsequent interaction of TACC3 with clathrin to form a microtubule-binding surface. Recent work indicates that TACC3 can track the plus-ends of microtubules and modulate microtubule dynamics in non-dividing cells via its interaction with ch-TOG. Whether there is a pool of TACC3-ch-TOG that is independent of clathrin in human cells, and what is the function of this pool, are open questions. Here, we describe the molecular interaction between TACC3 and ch-TOG that permits TACC3 recruitment to the plus-ends of microtubules. This TACC3-ch-TOG pool is independent of EB1, EB3, Aurora-A phosphorylation and binding to clathrin. We also describe the distinct combinatorial subcellular pools of TACC3, ch-TOG and clathrin. TACC3 is often described as a centrosomal protein, but we show that there is no significant population of TACC3 at centrosomes. The delineation of distinct protein pools reveals a simplified view of how these proteins are organized and controlled by post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selena G Burgess
- Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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19
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Hood FE, Royle SJ. Pulling it together: The mitotic function of TACC3. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 1:105-109. [PMID: 21922039 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.1.3.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transforming acidic coiled coil 3 (TACC3) is a non-motor microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that is important for mitotic spindle stability and organization. The exact mechanism by which TACC3 acts at microtubules to stabilize the spindle has been unclear. However, several recent studies identified that the TACC3 complex at microtubules contains clathrin in addition to its previously identified binding partner, colonic and hepatic tumor overexpressed gene (ch-TOG). In this complex, phosphorylated TACC3 interacts directly with both ch-TOG and clathrin heavy chain, promoting accumulation of all complex members at the mitotic spindle. This complex stabilizes kinetochore fibers within the spindle by forming cross-bridges that link adjacent microtubules in these bundles. So, TACC3 is an adaptor that recruits ch-TOG and clathrin to mitotic microtubules, in an Aurora A kinase-regulated manner. In this mini-review we will describe the recent advances in the understanding of TACC 3 function and present a model that pulls together these new data with previous observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Hood
- The Physiological Laboratory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool, UK
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20
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Ferreira JG, Pereira AL, Maiato H. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins and their roles in cell division. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 309:59-140. [PMID: 24529722 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800255-1.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are cellular components that are required for a variety of essential processes such as cell motility, mitosis, and intracellular transport. This is possible because of the inherent dynamic properties of microtubules. Many of these properties are tightly regulated by a number of microtubule plus-end-binding proteins or +TIPs. These proteins recognize the distal end of microtubules and are thus in the right context to control microtubule dynamics. In this review, we address how microtubule dynamics are regulated by different +TIP families, focusing on how functionally diverse +TIPs spatially and temporally regulate microtubule dynamics during animal cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L Pereira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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21
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Abstract
A recent study revealed new roles for the Rab11 GTPase during mitosis. Rab11 is involved in recycling endosome localization to mitotic spindle poles via dynein-mediated transport. This process is in contrast to Golgi membranes, which disperse in mitosis and do not appear to directly contribute to mitotic functions. Rab11-depletion prevents recycling endosome organization at spindle poles, delays mitotic progression, and disrupts spindle pole protein recruitment, astral microtubule organization, and mitotic spindle orientation. However, Rab11 is not the only endocytic and/or trafficking protein that regulates mitotic progression. Clathrin and two small GTPases (Rab6A', Rab5) play key roles in spindle organization and function. In this commentary, we discuss the roles of all these canonical endocytic and membrane trafficking proteins during mitosis and speculate on possible cross-communication between them and their molecular pathways that ensure faithful progression through mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Program in Molecular Medicine; Worcester, MA USA
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22
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Hood FE, Williams SJ, Burgess SG, Richards MW, Roth D, Straube A, Pfuhl M, Bayliss R, Royle SJ. Coordination of adjacent domains mediates TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin assembly and mitotic spindle binding. J Cell Biol 2013; 202:463-78. [PMID: 23918938 PMCID: PMC3734082 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201211127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex of transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3), colonic and hepatic tumor overexpressed gene (ch-TOG), and clathrin has been implicated in mitotic spindle assembly and in the stabilization of kinetochore fibers by cross-linking microtubules. It is unclear how this complex binds microtubules and how the proteins in the complex interact with one another. TACC3 and clathrin have each been proposed to be the spindle recruitment factor. We have mapped the interactions within the complex and show that TACC3 and clathrin were interdependent for spindle recruitment, having to interact in order for either to be recruited to the spindle. The N-terminal domain of clathrin and the TACC domain of TACC3 in tandem made a microtubule interaction surface, coordinated by TACC3-clathrin binding. A dileucine motif and Aurora A-phosphorylated serine 558 on TACC3 bound to the "ankle" of clathrin. The other interaction within the complex involved a stutter in the TACC3 coiled-coil and a proposed novel sixth TOG domain in ch-TOG, which was required for microtubule localization of ch-TOG but not TACC3-clathrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E. Hood
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England, UK
| | - Samantha J. Williams
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England, UK
| | - Selena G. Burgess
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, England, UK
| | - Mark W. Richards
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, England, UK
| | - Daniel Roth
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, UK
| | - Anne Straube
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, UK
| | - Mark Pfuhl
- Cardiovascular and Randall Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, England, UK
| | - Stephen J. Royle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England, UK
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, UK
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23
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Sorting nexin 9 recruits clathrin heavy chain to the mitotic spindle for chromosome alignment and segregation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68387. [PMID: 23861900 PMCID: PMC3702553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) and clathrin heavy chain (CHC) each have roles in mitosis during metaphase. Since the two proteins directly interact for their other cellular function in endocytosis we investigated whether they also interact for metaphase and operate on the same pathway. We report that SNX9 and CHC functionally interact during metaphase in a specific molecular pathway that contributes to stabilization of mitotic spindle kinetochore (K)-fibres for chromosome alignment and segregation. This function is independent of their endocytic role. SNX9 residues in the clathrin-binding low complexity domain are required for CHC association and for targeting both CHC and transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3) to the mitotic spindle. Mutation of these sites to serine increases the metaphase plate width, indicating inefficient chromosome congression. Therefore SNX9 and CHC function in the same molecular pathway for chromosome alignment and segregation, which is dependent on their direct association.
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24
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Abstract
Clathrin, a protein best known for its role in membrane trafficking, has been recognised for many years as localising to the spindle apparatus during mitosis, but its function at the spindle remained unclear. Recent work has better defined the role of clathrin in the function of the mitotic spindle and proposed that clathrin crosslinks the microtubules (MTs) comprising the kinetochore fibres (K-fibres) in the mitotic spindle. This mitotic function is unrelated to the role of clathrin in membrane trafficking and occurs in partnership with two other spindle proteins: transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3) and colonic hepatic tumour overexpressed gene (ch-TOG; also known as cytoskeleton-associated protein 5, CKAP5). This review summarises the role of clathrin in mitotic spindle organisation with an emphasis on the recent discovery of the TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Royle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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25
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Cheeseman LP, Harry EF, McAinsh AD, Prior IA, Royle SJ. Specific removal of TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin at metaphase deregulates kinetochore fiber tension. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2102-13. [PMID: 23532825 PMCID: PMC3666260 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.124834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins of the mitotic spindle are thought to be important for the initial assembly and the maintenance of spindle structure and function. However, distinguishing assembly and maintenance roles for a given protein is difficult. Most experimental methods for protein inactivation are slow and therefore affect both assembly and maintenance. Here, we have used 'knocksideways' to rapidly (∼5 minutes) and specifically remove TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin non-motor complexes from kinetochore fibers (K-fibers). This method allows the complex to be inactivated at defined stages of mitosis. Removal of TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin after nuclear envelope breakdown caused severe delays in chromosome alignment. Inactivation at metaphase, following a normal prometaphase, significantly delayed progression to anaphase. In these cells, K-fiber tension was reduced and the spindle checkpoint was not satisfied. Surprisingly, there was no significant loss of K-fiber microtubules, even after prolonged removal. TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin removal during metaphase also resulted in a decrease in spindle length and significant alteration in kinetochore dynamics. Our results indicate that TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin complexes are important for the maintenance of spindle structure and function as well as for initial spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P. Cheeseman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Edward F. Harry
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Molecular Organization and Assembly in Cells Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew D. McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ian A. Prior
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Stephen J. Royle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Smith CM, Haucke V, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ, Chircop M. Inhibition of clathrin by pitstop 2 activates the spindle assembly checkpoint and induces cell death in dividing HeLa cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:4. [PMID: 23327284 PMCID: PMC3567983 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During metaphase clathrin stabilises the mitotic spindle kinetochore(K)-fibres. Many anti-mitotic compounds target microtubule dynamics. Pitstop 2™ is the first small molecule inhibitor of clathrin terminal domain and inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We investigated its effects on a second function for clathrin in mitosis. Results Pitstop 2 did not impair clathrin recruitment to the spindle but disrupted its function once stationed there. Pitstop 2 trapped HeLa cells in metaphase through loss of mitotic spindle integrity and activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, phenocopying clathrin depletion and aurora A kinase inhibition. Conclusions Pitstop 2 is therefore a new tool for investigating clathrin spindle dynamics. Pitstop 2 reduced viability in dividing HeLa cells, without affecting dividing non-cancerous NIH3T3 cells, suggesting that clathrin is a possible novel anti-mitotic drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Smith
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
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Booth DG, Cheeseman LP, Prior IA, Royle SJ. Studying kinetochore-fiber ultrastructure using correlative light-electron microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2013; 115:327-342. [PMID: 23973081 PMCID: PMC3805905 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407757-7.00020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) has dominated high-resolution cellular imaging for over 50 years, thanks to its ability to resolve on nanometer-scale intracellular structures such as the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. It is advantageous to view the cell of interest prior to processing the sample for EM. Correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) is a technique that allows one to visualize cells of interest by light microscopy (LM) before being transferred to EM for ultrastructural examination. Here, we describe how CLEM can be applied as an effective tool to study the spindle apparatus of mitotic cells. This approach allows transfected cells of interest, in desirable stages of mitosis, to be followed from LM to EM. CLEM has often been considered as a technically challenging and laborious technique. In this chapter, we provide step-by-step pictorial guides that allow successful CLEM to be achieved. In addition, we explain how it is possible to vary the sectioning plane, allowing spindles and microtubules to be analyzed from different angles, and the outputs that can be obtained from these methods when applied to the study of kinetochore fiber ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Booth
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Building, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, U.K
| | - Liam P. Cheeseman
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Ian A. Prior
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Stephen J. Royle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Foraker AB, Camus SM, Evans TM, Majeed SR, Chen CY, Taner SB, Corrêa IR, Doxsey SJ, Brodsky FM. Clathrin promotes centrosome integrity in early mitosis through stabilization of centrosomal ch-TOG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 198:591-605. [PMID: 22891263 PMCID: PMC3514040 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201205116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin inactivation during S phase destabilizes the microtubule-binding protein
ch-TOG, affecting its centrosomal localization and centrosome integrity during
early mitosis. Clathrin depletion by ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) impairs mitotic
spindle stability and cytokinesis. Depletion of several clathrin-associated
proteins affects centrosome integrity, suggesting a further cell cycle function
for clathrin. In this paper, we report that RNAi depletion of CHC17 (clathrin
heavy chain 17) clathrin, but not the CHC22 clathrin isoform, induced centrosome
amplification and multipolar spindles. To stage clathrin function within the
cell cycle, a cell line expressing SNAP-tagged clathrin light chains was
generated. Acute clathrin inactivation by chemical dimerization of the SNAP-tag
during S phase caused reduction of both clathrin and ch-TOG (colonic, hepatic
tumor overexpressed gene) at metaphase centrosomes, which became fragmented.
This was phenocopied by treatment with Aurora A kinase inhibitor, suggesting a
centrosomal role for the Aurora A–dependent complex of clathrin, ch-TOG,
and TACC3 (transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3). Clathrin inactivation in
S phase also reduced total cellular levels of ch-TOG by metaphase. Live-cell
imaging showed dynamic clathrin recruitment during centrosome maturation.
Therefore, we propose that clathrin promotes centrosome maturation by
stabilizing the microtubule-binding protein ch-TOG, defining a novel role for
the clathrin–ch-TOG–TACC3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Foraker
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Meunier S, Vernos I. Microtubule assembly during mitosis - from distinct origins to distinct functions? J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2805-14. [PMID: 22736044 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.092429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic spindle is structurally and functionally defined by its main component, the microtubules (MTs). The MTs making up the spindle have various functions, organization and dynamics: astral MTs emanate from the centrosome and reach the cell cortex, and thus have a major role in spindle positioning; interpolar MTs are the main constituent of the spindle and are key for the establishment of spindle bipolarity, chromosome congression and central spindle assembly; and kinetochore-fibers are MT bundles that connect the kinetochores with the spindle poles and segregate the sister chromatids during anaphase. The duplicated centrosomes were long thought to be the origin of all of these MTs. However, in the last decade, a number of studies have contributed to the identification of non-centrosomal pathways that drive MT assembly in dividing cells. These pathways are now known to be essential for successful spindle assembly and to participate in various processes such as K-fiber formation and central spindle assembly. In this Commentary, we review the recent advances in the field and discuss how different MT assembly pathways might cooperate to successfully form the mitotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Meunier
- Microtubule Function and Cell Division group, Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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