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Yao Y, Borkar NA, Zheng M, Wang S, Pabelick CM, Vogel ER, Prakash YS. Interactions between calcium regulatory pathways and mechanosensitive channels in airways. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:903-917. [PMID: 37905552 PMCID: PMC10872943 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2276732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a chronic lung disease influenced by environmental and inflammatory triggers and involving complex signaling pathways across resident airway cells such as epithelium, airway smooth muscle, fibroblasts, and immune cells. While our understanding of asthma pathophysiology is continually progressing, there is a growing realization that cellular microdomains play critical roles in mediating signaling relevant to asthma in the context of contractility and remodeling. Mechanosensitive pathways are increasingly recognized as important to microdomain signaling, with Piezo and transient receptor protein (TRP) channels at the plasma membrane considered important for converting mechanical stimuli into cellular behavior. Given their ion channel properties, particularly Ca2+ conduction, a question becomes whether and how mechanosensitive channels contribute to Ca2+ microdomains in airway cells relevant to asthma. AREAS COVERED Mechanosensitive TRP and Piezo channels regulate key Ca2+ regulatory proteins such as store operated calcium entry (SOCE) involving STIM and Orai channels, and sarcoendoplasmic (SR) mechanisms such as IP3 receptor channels (IP3Rs), and SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) that are important in asthma pathophysiology including airway hyperreactivity and remodeling. EXPERT OPINION Physical and/or functional interactions between Ca2+ regulatory proteins and mechanosensitive channels such as TRP and Piezo can toward understanding asthma pathophysiology and identifying novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Niyati A Borkar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mengning Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Province People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Vogel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - YS Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Liu X, Tang J, Chen XZ. Role of PKD2 in the endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:962571. [PMID: 36035467 PMCID: PMC9399649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.962571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 gene which encodes membrane receptor PKD1 and cation channel PKD2, respectively. PKD2, also called transient receptor potential polycystin-2 (TRPP2), is a Ca2+-permeable channel located on the membrane of cell surface, primary cilia, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ca2+ is closely associated with diverse cellular functions. While ER Ca2+ homeostasis depends on different Ca2+ receptors, channels and transporters, the role of PKD2 within the ER remains controversial. Whether and how PKD2-mediated ER Ca2+ leak relates to ADPKD pathogenesis is not well understood. Here, we reviewed current knowledge about the biophysical and physiological properties of PKD2 and how PKD2 contributes to ER Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, HB, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xing-Zhen Chen,
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Lemos FO, Bultynck G, Parys JB. A comprehensive overview of the complex world of the endo- and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-leak channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119020. [PMID: 33798602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inside cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms the largest Ca2+ store. Ca2+ is actively pumped by the SERCA pumps in the ER, where intraluminal Ca2+-binding proteins enable the accumulation of large amount of Ca2+. IP3 receptors and the ryanodine receptors mediate the release of Ca2+ in a controlled way, thereby evoking complex spatio-temporal signals in the cell. The steady state Ca2+ concentration in the ER of about 500 μM results from the balance between SERCA-mediated Ca2+ uptake and the passive leakage of Ca2+. The passive Ca2+ leak from the ER is often ignored, but can play an important physiological role, depending on the cellular context. Moreover, excessive Ca2+ leakage significantly lowers the amount of Ca2+ stored in the ER compared to normal conditions, thereby limiting the possibility to evoke Ca2+ signals and/or causing ER stress, leading to pathological consequences. The so-called Ca2+-leak channels responsible for Ca2+ leakage from the ER are however still not well understood, despite over 20 different proteins have been proposed to contribute to it. This review has the aim to critically evaluate the available evidence about the various channels potentially involved and to draw conclusions about their relative importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Brill AL, Ehrlich BE. Polycystin 2: A calcium channel, channel partner, and regulator of calcium homeostasis in ADPKD. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109490. [PMID: 31805375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polycystin 2 (PC2) is one of two main protein types responsible for the underlying etiology of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most prevalent monogenic renal disease in the world. This debilitating and currently incurable condition is caused by loss-of-function mutations in PKD2 and PKD1, the genes encoding for PC2 and Polycystin 1 (PC1), respectively. Two-hit mutation events in these genes lead to renal cyst formation and eventual kidney failure, the main hallmarks of ADPKD. Though much is known concerning the physiological consequences and dysfunctional signaling mechanisms resulting from ADPKD development, to best understand the requirement of PC2 in maintaining organ homeostasis, it is important to recognize how PC2 acts under normal conditions. As such, an array of work has been performed characterizing the endogenous function of PC2, revealing it to be a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family of proteins. As a TRP protein, PC2 is a nonselective, cation-permeant, calcium-sensitive channel expressed in all tissue types, where it localizes primarily on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), primary cilia, and plasma membrane. In addition to its channel function, PC2 interacts with and acts as a regulator of a number of other channels, ultimately further affecting intracellular signaling and leading to dysfunction in its absence. In this review, we describe the biophysical and physiological properties of PC2 as a cation channel and modulator of intracellular calcium channels, along with how these properties are altered in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Brill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Barbara E Ehrlich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Spirli C, Mariotti V, Villani A, Fabris L, Fiorotto R, Strazzabosco M. Adenylyl cyclase 5 links changes in calcium homeostasis to cAMP-dependent cyst growth in polycystic liver disease. J Hepatol 2017; 66:571-580. [PMID: 27826057 PMCID: PMC5316496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genetic defects in polycystin-1 or -2 (PC1 or PC2) cause polycystic liver disease associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PLD-ADPKD). Progressive cyst growth is sustained by a cAMP-dependent Ras/ERK/HIFα pathway, leading to increased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) signaling. In PC2-defective cholangiocytes, cAMP production in response to [Ca2+]ER depletion is increased, while store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), intracellular and endoplasmic reticulum [Ca2+]ER levels are reduced. We investigated whether the adenylyl cyclases, AC5 and AC6, which can be inhibited by Ca2+, are activated by the ER chaperone STIM1. This would result in cAMP/PKA-dependent Ras/ERK/HIFα pathway activation in PC2-defective cells, in response to [Ca2+]ER depletion. METHODS PC2/AC6 double conditional knockout (KO) mice were generated (Pkd2/AC6 KO) and compared to Pkd2 KO mice. The AC5 inhibitor SQ22,536 or AC5 siRNA were used in isolated cholangiocytes while the inhibitor was used in biliary organoid and animals; liver tissues were harvested for histochemical analysis. RESULTS When comparing Pkd2/AC6 KO to Pkd2 KO mice, no decrease in liver cyst size was found, and cellular cAMP after [Ca2+]ER depletion only decreased by 12%. Conversely, in PC2-defective cells, inhibition of AC5 significantly reduced cAMP production, pERK1/2 expression and VEGF-A secretion. AC5 inhibitors significantly reduced growth of biliary organoids derived from Pkd2 KO and Pkd2/AC6 KO mice. In vivo treatment with SQ22,536 significantly reduced liver cystic area and cell proliferation in PC2-defective mice. After [Ca2+]ER depletion in PC2-defective cells, STIM1 interacts with AC5 but not with Orai1, the Ca2+ channel that mediates SOCE. CONCLUSION [Ca2+]ER depletion in PC2-defective cells activates AC5 and results in stimulation of cAMP/ERK1-2 signaling, VEGF production and cyst growth. This mechanism may represent a novel therapeutic target. LAY SUMMARY Polycystic liver diseases are characterized by progressive cyst growth until their complications mandate surgery or liver transplantation. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that inhibiting cell proliferation, which is induced by increased levels of cAMP, may represent a novel therapeutic target to slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Spirli
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Valeria Mariotti
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Section of Digestive Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ambra Villani
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Romina Fiorotto
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Section of Digestive Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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The functions of TRPP2 in the vascular system. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:13-8. [PMID: 26725733 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPP2 (polycystin-2, PC2 or PKD2), encoded by the PKD2 gene, is a non-selective cation channel with a large single channel conductance and high Ca(2+) permeability. In cell membrane, TRPP2, along with polycystin-1, TRPV4 and TRPC1, functions as a mechanotransduction channel. In the endoplasmic reticulum, TRPP2 modulates intracellular Ca(2+) release associated with IP3 receptors and the ryanodine receptors. Noteworthily, TRPP2 is widely expressed in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells of all major vascular beds, and contributes to the regulation of vessel function. The mutation of the PKD2 gene is a major cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which is not only a common genetic disease of the kidney but also a systemic disorder associated with abnormalities in the vasculature; cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in ADPKD patients. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the TRPP2 protein and its possible role in cardiovascular function and related diseases.
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TRPP2 modulates ryanodine- and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors-dependent Ca2+ signals in opposite ways in cerebral arteries. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:467-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mekahli D, Sammels E, Luyten T, Welkenhuyzen K, van den Heuvel LP, Levtchenko EN, Gijsbers R, Bultynck G, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Missiaen L. Polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 are both required to amplify inositol-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:452-8. [PMID: 22456092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes encoding respectively polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. Polycystin-2 stimulates the inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor (IP(3)R), a Ca(2+)-release channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The effect of ER-located polycystin-1 is less clear. Polycystin-1 has been reported both to stimulate and to inhibit the IP(3)R. We now studied the effect of polycystin-1 and of polycystin-2 on the IP(3)R activity under conditions where the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration was kept constant and the reuptake of released Ca(2+) was prevented. We also studied the interdependence of the interaction of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 with the IP(3)R. The experiments were done in conditionally immortalized human proximal-tubule epithelial cells in which one or both polycystins were knocked down using lentiviral vectors containing miRNA-based short hairpins. The Ca(2+) release was induced in plasma membrane-permeabilized cells by various IP(3) concentrations at a fixed Ca(2+) concentration under unidirectional (45)Ca(2+)-efflux conditions. We now report that knock down of polycystin-1 or of polycystin-2 inhibited the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release. The simultaneous presence of the two polycystins was required to fully amplify the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release, since the presence of polycystin-1 alone or of polycystin-2 alone did not result in an increased Ca(2+) release. These novel findings indicate that ER-located polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 operate as a functional complex. They are compatible with the view that loss-of-function mutations in PKD1 and in PKD2 both cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mekahli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I, Belgium
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