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Dos Santos EA, Cavalheiro LAM, Rodrigues D, Machado-Rodrigues A, Silva MR, Nogueira H, Padez C. Are sun exposure time, dietary patterns, and vitamin D intake related to the socioeconomic status of Portuguese children? Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24109. [PMID: 38804593 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association among sun exposure time, vitamin D intake, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic status in Portuguese children. METHODS Participants aged 3-11 years (50.1% females) were recruited from public and private schools (n = 118) in the districts of Coimbra (n = 2980), Lisbon (n = 3066), and Porto (n = 2426). Parents reported their children's daily sun exposure time during the summer season and reported children's food consumption, including vitamin D food sources, using standardized questionnaires. Parents' education level was used as a proxy measure to the socioeconomic status (SES). The principal component factor analysis (PCA) method was used to identify dietary patterns. The eight dietary patterns identified were labeled in: "fast food", "rich in vitamin D", "sugary drinks", "vitamin D", "candies", "supplements", "rich in calcium" and "vegetables/healthy". Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between sun exposure time and dietary patterns according to SES. RESULTS A total of 4755 children were included. Children from high SES had significantly longer sun exposure time (p < .001) and more frequently consumed vitamin D supplements (p < .001). "Fast food" pattern showed a negative association with sun exposure time in medium and high SES (p = .014 and p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION Children with lower SES spend less time exposed to the sun, consume fewer dietary sources of vitamin D, and consume more foods rich in fat and sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabete A Dos Santos
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria-Raquel Silva
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre-Group of Sleep, Chronobiology and Sleep Disorders-Nova Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Sharafi N, Fatima A, Gillani SW, Kaddour N, Banoori R, Elshafie RM, Rathore HA. Evaluation of vitamin D supplementation intake among children; cross-sectional observational study. F1000Res 2022; 11:1456. [PMID: 36960402 PMCID: PMC10028306 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123373.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to review the vitamin D supplementation intake status among children in the general public, determine the vitamin D supplements practices, and the barriers that parents and children face with supplementation. Methods: A cross-sectional observational questionnaire-based survey study design was used. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. An online Rao soft sample size calculator was applied to determine the sample size of 319. The response rate of participants was expected to be 63%, the margin of error was 5% and the level of confidence was 95%. Results: A total of 248 parents (89.1% mothers (n =203)) and 15.7% fathers (n=39) with a mean ± SD age of 35.4 ± 7.04 years, completed the study (77.7% response rate). Parents reported that the supplements used the most by children were vitamin D supplements (21.85%) and multivitamins (21.8%) followed by calcium supplements (5.6%). However, 27.8% of children in this study did not take any supplements. Of all the parents, 65% (162) of them reported sending their child outside to play while 34.67% (86) of parents had reported no outdoor activity. Approximately 184 (74.2%) parents reported the child's diet to contain multiple natural sources of vitamin D. However, 69 (27.8%) parents reported giving none of the natural sources of vitamin D to their children through the diet. Parents with higher education about 62.9% (n=156) had a higher frequency of providing vitamin D supplements to their children. Children in high-income families (43.63%) were more likely to take vitamin D supplements than those in middle- or low-income families. Conclusion: The study concluded that challenges like the educational and financial background of parents, family-income level, and health insurance status could help aid in addressing the overall burden of vitamin D deficiency among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Sharafi
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aiman Fatima
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Wasif Gillani
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Kaddour
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawa Banoori
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riham Mohamed Elshafie
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, ASUSH,, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sharafi N, Fatima A, Gillani SW, Kaddour N, Banoori R, Elshafie RM, Rathore HA. Evaluation of vitamin D supplementation intake among children; cross-sectional observational study. F1000Res 2022; 11:1456. [PMID: 36960402 PMCID: PMC10028306 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123373.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the vitamin D supplementation intake status among children from different nationalities in the UAE, to determine vitamin D intake practices through diet and lifestyle, and the barriers that parents in the UAE face with providing vitamin D supplementation to their children. Methods: A cross-sectional observational questionnaire-based survey study design was used.. The study was conducted in the U.A.E and the study participants were parents of children from ages 4-15 years. The questionnaire used in this study was both self-administered and interviewer-administered while inquiring the questions from the parents. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. The response rate of participants was expected to be 63%, the margin of error was 5% and the level of confidence was 95%. Results: A total of 248 participants (203 mothers, 39 fathers and 6 caregivers) completed the study. Participants reported that the supplements used the most by children were vitamin D supplements (21.85%), followed by multivitamins (21.8%) and calcium supplements (5.6%) and 27.8% of participants in this study reported to no supplementation at all. The rate of vitamin D supplementation among children was higher in those families with higher income levels, parents/caregivers who were more educated, those families who attained health insurance. However, there was no statistical significance between these correlations. Conclusion: The study concluded that challenges like the educational and financial background of parents, family-income level, and health insurance status could help aid in addressing the overall burden of vitamin D deficiency among young children in the UAE. Pediatricians and health care professionals could use our study and use it as an aid to provide screening on lifestyle, sun light exposure, and dietary modifications and also educate parents why and how vitamin D is crucial for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Sharafi
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aiman Fatima
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Wasif Gillani
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Kaddour
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawa Banoori
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riham Mohamed Elshafie
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, ASUSH,, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Arachchige GRP, Pook CJ, Jones B, Coe M, Saffery R, Wake M, Thorstensen EB, O’Sullivan JM. Fat-Soluble Vitamers: Parent-Child Concordance and Population Epidemiology in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234990. [PMID: 36501020 PMCID: PMC9735774 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamers (FSV) are a class of diverse organic substances important in a wide range of biological processes, including immune function, vision, bone health, and coagulation. Profiling FSV in parents and children enables insights into gene-environment contributions to their circulating levels, but no studies have reported on the population epidemiology of FSV in these groups as of yet. In this study, we report distributions of FSV, their parent-child concordance and variation by key characteristics for 2490 children (aged 11-12 years) and adults (aged 28-71 years) in the Child Health CheckPoint of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Ten A, D, E and K vitamers were quantified using a novel automated LC-MS/MS method. All three K vitamers (i.e., K1, MK-4, MK-7) and 1-α-25(OH)2D3 were below the instrument detection limit and were removed from the present analysis. We observed a strong vitamer-specific parent-child concordance for the six quantifiable A, D and E FSVs. FSV concentrations all varied by age, BMI, and sex. We provide the first cross-sectional population values for multiple FSV. Future studies could examine relative genetic vs. environmental determinants of FSV, how FSV values change longitudinally, and how they contribute to future health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris James Pook
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (C.J.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Beatrix Jones
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret Coe
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Richard Saffery
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Justin Martin O’Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Correspondence: (C.J.P.); (J.M.O.)
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A Checklist to Assess Adequacy of Vitamin D Intake. TOP CLIN NUTR 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rajakumar K, Moore CG, Khalid AT, Vallejo AN, Virji MA, Holick MF, Greenspan SL, Arslanian S, Reis SE. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular and metabolic health of vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:757-768. [PMID: 31950134 PMCID: PMC7138671 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese children are vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency and impaired cardiovascular health; vitamin D replenishment might improve their cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVES The aims were to determine, in vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children, whether supplementation with vitamin D3 1000 or 2000 IU/d is more effective than 600 IU/d in improving arterial endothelial function, arterial stiffness, central and systemic blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin concentration), fasting glucose concentration, and lipid profile and to explore whether downregulation of adipocytokines and markers of systemic inflammation underlies vitamin D effects. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial in 225 10- to 18-y-old eligible children. Change in endothelial function at 6 mo was the primary outcome. RESULTS Dose-response increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were significant and tolerated without developing hypercalcemia. Changes at 3 and 6 mo in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, systemic-systolic BP, lipids, and inflammatory markers did not differ between children receiving 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D and children receiving 600 IU. Some secondary outcomes differed between groups. Compared with the 600-IU group, central-systolic, central-diastolic, and systemic-diastolic BP was lower at 6 mo in the 1000-IU group [-2.66 (95% CI: -5.27, -0.046), -3.57 (-5.97, -1.17), and -3.28 (-5.55, -1.00) mm Hg, respectively]; insulin sensitivity increased at 3 and 6 mo and fasting glucose concentration declined at 6 mo (-2.67; 95% CI: -4.88, -0.46 mg/dL) in the 2000-IU group. CONCLUSIONS Correction of vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese children by vitamin D3 supplementation with 1000 or 2000 IU/d versus 600 IU/d did not affect measures of arterial endothelial function or stiffness, systemic inflammation, or lipid profile, but resulted in reductions in BP and fasting glucose concentration and in improvements in insulin sensitivity. Optimization of children's vitamin D status may improve their cardiovascular health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01797302.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Rajakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Address correspondence to KR (e-mail: )
| | - Charity G Moore
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arshad T Khalid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abbe N Vallejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed A Virji
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael F Holick
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Greenspan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven E Reis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ganji V, Abu-Dbaa R, Othman H, Zewein M, Al-Abdi T, Shi Z. Validation of Vitamin D-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire against Food Records for Qatari Women. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020195. [PMID: 32075164 PMCID: PMC7074537 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of vitamin D nutritional status through dietary assessment is cost effective. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is usually validated against food records (FR). There is no vitamin D-specific FFQ for Qatar population. The objective of this study was to develop a vitamin D-centric FFQ and validate FFQ against three-day FR for Qatar population. A quantitative FFQ based on vitamin D containing foods consumed in Qatar was developed. Vitamin D contents of foods were gathered from food labels and food composition tables from the United States Department of Agriculture. A vitamin D content database was developed for this study purpose. Dietary intakes while using FFQ and three-day FR were collected from 62 women. Vitamin D intakes from FFQ and three-day FR were validated with quartile comparison and Bland-Altman (BA) tests. BA plot showed an agreement between FFQ and three-day FR vitamin D intakes. The BA index was 3.23%, which is <5%, a commonly used standard for validation. Quartile correlation showed that ≈73% of subjects were within the same or adjacent quartile. In conclusion, an agreement was found between vitamin D intakes from FFQ and three-day FR in Qatari women. More studies are needed to validate the vitamin D-specific FFQ in Qatari population at large.
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Alshamrani HA, Alloub H, Burke D, Offiah AC. Vitamin D intake, calcium intake and physical activity among children with wrist and ankle injuries and the association with fracture risk. Nutr Health 2019; 25:113-118. [PMID: 30722726 DOI: 10.1177/0260106019826422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have revealed a substantial increase in the incidence of fractures in children in the past few decades. AIM To assess the strength of the association between suggested risk factors and fracture prevalence in children. METHOD A cross sectional observational study. Children aged 6-15 years and their guardians presenting to the Emergency Department of a single tertiary paediatric hospital were recruited. Self-reported data on vitamin D intake, calcium intake and physical activity were collected. All participants had a radiograph of their injured limb reported by a consultant radiologist, on the basis of which they were classified into fracture or no fracture groups. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 130 patients recruited, 53 (41%) had sustained a fracture. The overwhelming majority of children (98%) did not consume the recommended daily dietary amount of vitamin D (400 IU/day). Low calcium intake and low levels of physical activity were also ascertained. However, there were no significant differences between fracture and no fracture groups for vitamin D intake, calcium intake or physical activity. Both site of injury (wrist) and sex (male) were associated with increased fracture risk ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively). Logistic regression showed a statistically significant relationship between calcium intake and fracture risk (every additional unit of calcium consumption (mg/day) decreased the likelihood of fracture by 0.002, 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.003). CONCLUSIONS Low dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D and low levels of physical activity were evident. Fracture risk was significantly associated with reduced calcium intake but showed no association with vitamin D intake or physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Alshamrani
- 1 Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, UK
- 2 Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Alloub
- 3 University of Sheffield, Medical School, UK
| | - Derek Burke
- 4 Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- 1 Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, UK
- 4 Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Current Evidence on Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children: What Does the Evidence from Saudi Arabia Tell Us? CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5010011. [PMID: 29342981 PMCID: PMC5789293 DOI: 10.3390/children5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and vitamin D deficiency represent major health problems among Saudi children, and have been linked to chronic diseases. Obese children are at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency, which appears to have negative influences on energy homeostasis, impeded bone mineralisation, insulin resistance and inflammation. Evidence supporting the association between vitamin D deficiency of obese children and metabolic syndrome has not specifically been studied in early childhood. The mechanisms through which vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese children needs further elucidation. This commentary aims to (i) summarise current knowledge of the association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in obese children; and (ii) discuss current evidence for the association among Saudi Arabian children.
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A Validation Study of an Interviewer-Administered Short Food Frequency Questionnaire in Assessing Dietary Vitamin D and Calcium Intake in Swedish Children. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070682. [PMID: 28665354 PMCID: PMC5537797 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and calcium are essential nutrients with a range of biological effects of public health relevance. This study aimed to validate a short food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) against a three-day food record (3D record), assessing the intake of vitamin D and calcium in Swedish children during wintertime. In a double-blinded, randomized food-based intervention study on the effect of feeding different daily doses of vitamin D supplement to 5–7-year-old children (n = 85), 79 (93%) participants completed SFFQ1 at baseline and SFFQ2 after the intervention, and 72 were informed to fill in a 3D record. The 28 (39%) children who completed the 3D record were included in this validation study. The baseline level of serum-25 hydroxy vitamin D [S-25(OH)D] was used as a biomarker. The correlation between all three instruments were moderate to strong. SFFQ2 and the 3D record correlated moderately to S-25(OH)D. Bland-Altman analysis showed that SFFQ2 overestimated vitamin D intake by on average 0.6 μg/day, (limits of agreement (LOA) 5.7 and −4.6 μg/day), whereas the intake of calcium was underestimated by on average 29 mg/day, (LOA 808 and −865 mg/day). Finally, the validity coefficient calculated for vitamin D using the method of triad was high (0.75). In conclusion, this SFFQ, assessed by a dietician, is a valid tool to assess dietary vitamin D and calcium intake in groups of young children.
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Adequate Vitamin D Intake but Low Serum Levels in Pediatric Asthma Patients: A Pilot Study, Alberta Children's Hospital. Can Respir J 2016; 2016:6982010. [PMID: 27867307 PMCID: PMC5102727 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6982010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. We assessed vitamin D intakes and serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in pediatric asthma patients on moderate-to-high dose inhaled steroids and compared them to published findings of healthy children in our city. Methods. Parents and/or patients were interviewed to estimate the children's vitamin D intakes from foods and supplements (using an adapted validated food frequency questionnaire) and asthma duration and management. Vitamin D status: serum 25-hyroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) was obtained from the medical records. Results. Vitamin D intakes from food and supplements of the asthma patients (n = 20, 742 ± 185 IU/day) were significantly higher compared to healthy Canadian children (n = 1442, 229 ± 121 IU/day). Despite higher vitamin D intakes, the children had nonsignificantly lower serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels compared to the comparison group. Serum 25(OH)D levels increased by 3.6 nmol/L with each 100 IU of vitamin D intake (95% Confidence interval = 2.0-4.0, R2 = 0.931, and p = 0.001). Conclusion. Since adequate vitamin D status in asthma patients is necessary to support bone mineral accretion, it is important to achieve adequate vitamin D status by checking serum 25(OH)D status and supplement accordingly.
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Turkmen GG, Timur H, Tokmak A, Yilmaz Z, Kirbas A, Daglar K, Sanhal CY, Uygur D. Levels of serum vitamin D and calcium in pregnancies complicated with fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia and normal pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:990-994. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1196662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Głąbska D, Guzek D, Sidor P, Włodarek D. Vitamin D Dietary Intake Questionnaire Validation Conducted among Young Polish Women. Nutrients 2016; 8:E36. [PMID: 26742070 PMCID: PMC4728650 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to inadequate intake of Vitamin D, identification of individuals characterised by the highest risk of deficiencies is one of the more crucial tasks for public health. The aim of the presented study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of the designed Vitamin D dietary intake questionnaire based on food frequency assessment--VIDEO-FFQ (VItamin D Estimation Only--Food Frequency Questionnaire) in a group of Polish women aged 20-30 years. Seventy-five participants kept a three-day dietary record and filled out the VIDEO-FFQ twice (immediately after the three-day dietary record and after six weeks). The assessment of validity and reproducibility was conducted by verifying standard errors of estimation, median differences, and percentages of individuals classified into tertiles, correlations and Bland-Altman plots. The Vitamin D intake for the majority of the surveyed women was inadequate as over 85% of them were characterised by values of intake lower than 5.0 μg per day. The results allowed concluding that a high accuracy of the VIDEO-FFQ was achieved. The required Bland-Altman index values lower than 5.0% were obtained, confirming satisfactory validity and reproducibility. The VIDEO-FFQ may be deemed a convenient practical tool for the estimation of Vitamin D intake in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Chair of Dietetics, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland-159c Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland-159c Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Sidor
- Chair of Dietetics, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland-159c Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Włodarek
- Chair of Dietetics, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland-159c Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal health throughout life. Some studies have hypothesised that vitamin D may reduce the risk of other diseases. Our study aimed to estimate age-specific and sex-specific serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and to identify the determinants of serum 25(OH)D status in Hong Kong, a subtropical city in southern China. In 2009–2010, households in Hong Kong were followed up to identify acute respiratory illnesses, and sera from 2694 subjects were collected in three to four different study phases to permit measurement of 25(OH)D levels at different times of the year. A questionnaire survey on diet and lifestyle was conducted among children, with simultaneous serum collection in April and May 2010. The mean of serum 25(OH)D levels in age groups ranged from 39 to 63 nmol/l throughout the year with the mean values in all age groups in spring below 50 nmol/l. Children aged 6–17 years, and girls and women had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels than adults, and boys and men, respectively (allP< 0·001). We estimated that serum 25(OH)D levels in Hong Kong followed a lagged pattern relative to climatic season by 5 weeks with lowest observed levels in early spring (March). For children aged 6–17 years, reporting a suntan, having at least 1 servings of fish/week and having at least 1 serving of eggs/week were independently associated with higher serum 25(OH)D levels. Adequate sunlight exposure and increased intake of dietary vitamin D could improve vitamin D status, especially for children and females in the winter and spring.
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Michel H, Olabopo F, Wang L, Nucci A, Greenspan SL, Rajakumar K. Determinants of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Infants and Toddlers. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2015; 11:124-130. [PMID: 26417213 DOI: 10.2174/1573401311999150427164144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resurgence of rickets and recognition of excessive prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among all age groups in the western hemisphere have refocused attention on vitamin D nutrition. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D [25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <30ng/mL] and characterize the determinants of 25(OH)D concentrations in 8- to 24-month-old healthy infants and toddlers living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. METHODS Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured and dietary intake of vitamin D, mode of feeding, summertime sun exposure characteristics, and skin color (sun-reactive skin type and melanin index) were assessed. RESULTS A total of 111 healthy 8- to 24-month-old children (mean age [±SD] 14.4 [±3.5] months; male, 51%; black, 67%) were studied. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was <30 ng/mL in 16% (n=18) of the children. Median (interquartile) 25(OH)D concentration was lower in children who were ≥ 13 months vs. <13 months of age [35 (31, 40.5) vs. 40 (35.8, 44.3) ng/mL, p=0.013]; with sun-reactive skin type IV and V vs. I, II, and III [36 (31, 41) vs. 44 (36.5, 48.5) ng/mL, p=0.001]; and examined during fall/winter vs. spring/summer [35.5 (32.5, 38.5) vs. 39 (32.5, 44) ng/mL, p=0.05]. Age and skin type were significant independent predictors of 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of 25(OH)D tend to be lower in infants and toddlers during fall/winter, and in children who are older (≥13 months vs. <13 months of age) and have darker skin tone. Benefits of enhancement of 25(OH)D concentrations during fall/winter and in children with higher sun-reactive skin type need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Michel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Flora Olabopo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anita Nucci
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Susan L Greenspan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kumaravel Rajakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Daglar K, Tokmak A, Kirbas A, Guzel AI, Erkenekli K, Yucel A, Uygur D. Maternal serum vitamin D levels in pregnancies complicated by neural tube defects. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 29:298-302. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.999037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Korkut Daglar
- Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Tokmak
- Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kirbas
- Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Irfan Guzel
- Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kudret Erkenekli
- Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykan Yucel
- Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uygur
- Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Rajakumar K, Holick MF, Moore CG, Cohen E, Olabopo F, Haralam MA, Bogusz J, Nucci A, Greenspan SL. Impact of seasonal flux on 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone turnover in pre- and early pubertal youth. Pediatr Int 2014; 56:35-42. [PMID: 24003769 PMCID: PMC3944137 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal fluxes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in children can affect bone turnover, and in turn potentially affect bone accrual and peak bone mass. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of seasonal flux on the association among 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and markers of bone turnover in pre- and early pubertal black children and white children. METHODS Data were collected during summer (June-September) and winter (December-March) in 6-12-year-old children. Measurements included serum 25(OH)D, PTH, osteocalcin (OC), collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTx), dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, skin color, sunlight exposure, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS A total of 138 children (mean age, 9.1 ± 1.7 years; black, n = 94; male, n = 81) were studied. 25(OH)D was higher (41.2 ± 13 vs 34.5 ± 11.1 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and CTx was lower (0.8 ± 0.3 vs 0.9 ± 0.5 ng/mL; P < 0.001) in all participants during summer when compared to winter. Furthermore, seasonal differences in CTx were more pronounced in black children (summer, 0.7 ± 0.3 vs winter, 1.0 ± 0.5 ng/mL; P < 0.001). PTH was a significant predictor of serum CTx and OC after adjusting for race, season, Tanner stage, dietary calcium, skin color and BMI. CONCLUSION 25(OH)D declined significantly in both black children and white children during winter. CTx significantly increased during winter in black children compared to white children, suggesting increased rates of resorption in black children during winter. Benefits of enhancement of wintertime vitamin D status on bone health need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Rajakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kelishadi R, Ataei E, Ardalan G, Nazemian M, Tajadini M, Heshmat R, Keikha M, Motlagh ME. Relationship of Serum Magnesium and Vitamin D Levels in a Nationally-Representative Sample of Iranian Adolescents: The CASPIAN-III Study. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:99-103. [PMID: 24554998 PMCID: PMC3915480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess the relationship of serum Mg and vitamin D levels in a nationally-representative sample of Iranian adolescents. METHODS The study participants consisted of 330 students, aged range from 10 to 18 years, consisting of an equal number of individuals with and without hypovitaminosis D. The correlation between serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) D) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations was determined. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 14.74 ± 2.587 years, without significant difference between those with hypovitaminosis D and those without it. The mean 25(OH) D level was 6.34 ± 1.47 ng/ml in the group with hypovitaminosis D and 39.27 ± 6.42 ng/ml in the group without it. The mean Mg level was 0.80 ± 0.23 mg/dl with lower level in the group with hypovitaminosis D than in others (0.73 ± 0.22 mg/dl vs. 0.87 ± 0.22 mg/dl, respectively) and according to t-test analysis, significant lower levels in the deficient group was observed (P = 0.0001). The linear regression analysis showed the meaningful relationship between Mg and 25(OH) D serum levels (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed significant associations between serum Mg and 25(OH) D levels. This finding may be of use for further studies on the prevention and management of hypovitaminosis D in children and adolescents. Further longitudinal studies shall evaluate the underlying mechanisms and the clinical significance of the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ataei
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Department of School Health, Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazemian
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadhasan Tajadini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Keikha
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh
- Department of School Health, Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran,Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Correspondence to: Prof. Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail:
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