1
|
Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Spyrou N, Kounatidis D, Christodoulatos GS, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. Obesity and Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:1-34. [PMID: 38159164 PMCID: PMC10933194 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the epidemiological data on obesity and leukemia; evaluate the effect of obesity on leukemia outcomes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors; assess the potential mechanisms through which obesity may increase the risk of leukemia; and provide the effects of obesity management on leukemia. Preventive (diet, physical exercise, obesity pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery) measures, repurposing drugs, candidate therapeutic agents targeting oncogenic pathways of obesity and insulin resistance in leukemia as well as challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity has been implicated in the development of 13 cancers, such as breast, endometrial, colon, renal, esophageal cancers, and multiple myeloma. Leukemia is estimated to account for approximately 2.5% and 3.1% of all new cancer incidence and mortality, respectively, while it represents the most frequent cancer in children younger than 5 years. Current evidence indicates that obesity may have an impact on the risk of leukemia. Increased birthweight may be associated with the development of childhood leukemia. Obesity is also associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality in leukemic patients. However, there are several limitations and challenges in meta-analyses and epidemiological studies. In addition, weight gain may occur in a substantial number of childhood ALL survivors while the majority of studies have documented an increased risk of relapse and mortality among patients with childhood ALL and obesity. The main pathophysiological pathways linking obesity to leukemia include bone marrow adipose tissue; hormones such as insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system as well as sex hormones; pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α; adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin; dyslipidemia and lipid signaling; chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress; and other emerging mechanisms. Obesity represents a risk factor for leukemia, being among the only known risk factors that could be prevented or modified through weight loss, healthy diet, and physical exercise. Pharmacological interventions, repurposing drugs used for cardiometabolic comorbidities, and bariatric surgery may be recommended for leukemia and obesity-related cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Natalia G Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Irene Karampela
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon General University Hospital, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang D, Wang Q, Zhang W, Tang H, Song C, Yan Z, Liang Y, Wang H. JAK/STAT in leukemia: a clinical update. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:25. [PMID: 38273387 PMCID: PMC10811937 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, considerable efforts have been expended on understanding the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in leukemia, following the identification of the JAK2V617F mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The aim of this review is to summarize the latest progress in our understanding of the involvement of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the development of leukemia. We also attempt to provide insights into the current use of JAK/STAT inhibitors in leukemia therapy and explore pertinent clinical trials in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Yang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chianese U, Papulino C, Megchelenbrink W, Tambaro FP, Ciardiello F, Benedetti R, Altucci L. Epigenomic machinery regulating pediatric AML: clonal expansion mechanisms, therapies, and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:84-101. [PMID: 37003397 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional etiology mainly presenting somatic and germline abnormalities. AML incidence rises with age but can also occur during childhood. Pediatric AML (pAML) accounts for 15-20% of all pediatric leukemias and differs considerably from adult AML. Next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled the research community to "paint" the genomic and epigenomic landscape in order to identify pathology-associated mutations and other prognostic biomarkers in pAML. Although current treatments have improved the prognosis for pAML, chemoresistance, recurrence, and refractory disease remain major challenges. In particular, pAML relapse is commonly caused by leukemia stem cells that resist therapy. Marked patient-to-patient heterogeneity is likely the primary reason why the same treatment is successful for some patients but, at best, only partially effective for others. Accumulating evidence indicates that patient-specific clonal composition impinges significantly on cellular processes, such as gene regulation and metabolism. Although our understanding of metabolism in pAML is still in its infancy, greater insights into these processes and their (epigenetic) modulation may pave the way toward novel treatment options. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the function of genetic and epigenetic (mis)regulation in pAML, including metabolic features observed in the disease. Specifically, we describe how (epi)genetic machinery can affect chromatin status during hematopoiesis, leading to an altered metabolic profile, and focus on the potential value of targeting epigenetic abnormalities in precision and combination therapy for pAML. We also discuss the possibility of using alternative epidrug-based therapeutic approaches that are already in clinical practice, either alone as adjuvant treatments and/or in combination with other drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Papulino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Wout Megchelenbrink
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Paolo Tambaro
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Pediatric Oncology Department AORN Santobono Pausilipon, 80129, Naples Italy.
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Biogem Institute of Molecular and Genetic Biology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; IEOS, Institute for Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang J, Wang H, Xu Y, Li C, Lv X, Han X, Chen X, Chen Y, Yu Z. The Role of CTNNA1 in Malignancies: An Updated Review. J Cancer 2023; 14:219-230. [PMID: 36741258 PMCID: PMC9891874 DOI: 10.7150/jca.79236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Catenin alpha 1 (CTNNA1), encoding α-catenin, is involved in several physiological activities, such as adherens junction synthesis and signal transduction. Recent studies have suggested additional functions for CTNNA1 malignancies. This review systematically summarizes the varying functions of CTNNA1 in different tumors and briefly describes the diverse pathways and mechanisms involved in different types of tumors. CTNNA1 is abnormally expressed in leukemia and solid tumor such as cancers of digestive system, genitourinary system and breast, and it's related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of tumors. In addition, the possible physiological processes involving CTNNA1, such as methylation, miRNA interference, or regulatory axes, similar to those of CDH1, SETD2, and hsa-miR-30d-5p/GJA1 are also summarized here. The precise mechanism of CTNNA1 in most cancers remains uncertain; hence, additional pre-clinical studies of CTNNA1 are warranted for potential early tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230023, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Xintong Han
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Zhiying Yu, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518035. Tel: 0755-83366388; Fax: +86 83366388-3048; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Habara M, Shimada M. Estrogen receptor α revised: Expression, structure, function, and stability. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200148. [PMID: 36192154 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of estrogen-responsive genes. Approximately 70% of patients with breast cancer are ERα positive. Estrogen stimulates cancer cell proliferation and contributes to tumor progression. Endocrine therapies, which suppress the ERα signaling pathway, significantly improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. However, the development of de novo or acquired endocrine therapy resistance remains a barrier to breast cancer treatment. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ERα is essential to overcome the resistance to treatment. This review focuses on the regulation of ERα expression, including copy number variation, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, and stability, as well as functions from the point of view post-translational modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Habara
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Midori Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
p73: From the p53 shadow to a major pharmacological target in anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105245. [PMID: 33069756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p73, along with p53 and p63, belongs to the p53 family of transcription factors. Besides the p53-like tumor suppressive activities, p73 has unique roles, namely in neuronal development and differentiation. In addition, the TP73 gene is rarely mutated in tumors. This makes p73 a highly appealing therapeutic target, particularly towards cancers with a null or disrupted p53 pathway. Distinct isoforms are transcribed from the TP73 locus either with (TAp73) and without (ΔNp73) the N-terminal transactivation domain. Conversely to TA tumor suppressors, ΔN proteins exhibit oncogenic properties by inhibiting p53 and TA protein functions. As such, p73 isoforms compose a puzzled and challenging regulatory pathway. This state-of-the-art review affords an update overview on p73 structure, biological functions and pharmacological regulation. Importantly, it addresses the relevance of p73 isoforms in carcinogenesis, highlighting their potential as drug targets in anticancer therapy. A critical discussion of major pharmacological approaches to promote p73 tumor suppressive activities, with relevant survival outcomes for cancer patients, is also provided.
Collapse
|
7
|
Estrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040907. [PMID: 32276421 PMCID: PMC7226505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling has been widely studied in a variety of solid tumors, where the differential expression of ERα and ERβ subtypes can impact prognosis. ER signaling has only recently emerged as a target of interest in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive hematological malignancy with sub-optimal therapeutic options and poor clinical outcomes. In a variety of tumors, ERα activation has proliferative effects, while ERβ targeting results in cell senescence or death. Aberrant ER expression and hypermethylation have been characterized in AML, making ER targeting in this disease of great interest. This review describes the expression patterns of ERα and ERβ in AML and discusses the differing signaling pathways associated with each of these receptors. Furthermore, we assess how these signaling pathways can be targeted by various selective estrogen receptor modulators to induce AML cell death. We also provide insight into ER targeting in AML and discuss pending questions that require further study.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Kong C, Fan Y, Liu J, Lu W, Meng C, Li A, Zhai A, Yan B, Song W, Han X. Demethylation of SOCS1 mediates its abnormally high expression in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1330-1336. [PMID: 31423194 PMCID: PMC6607400 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between methylation and the high expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in ovarian cancer by detecting the methylation rate and the degree of expression. The present study investigated the expression of SOCS1 mRNA and SOCS1 protein in ovarian cancer and normal ovary tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, and the methylation status of the CpG islands of SOCS1 mRNA in ovarian cancer tissue were examined using a methylation-specific PCR. The expression levels of SOCS1 mRNA in ovarian cancer specimens were significantly increased compared with that in the normal ovary tissues (P=0.0215). Consistent with this, the expression levels of SOCS1 protein in ovarian cancer specimens were significantly increased, while the methylation rate of SOCS1 mRNA was significantly decreased compared with that in the normal ovary tissues. Therefore, it may be concluded that the low methylation rate of SOCS1 mRNA in ovarian cancer increased the expression of SOCS1 mRNA, which may serve a role in the development of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chuimiao Kong
- Department of Gynecology Endoscopy Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Fan
- Department of Gynecology Endoscopy Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Gynecology Endoscopy Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Lu
- Department of Gynecology Endoscopy Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Aimei Li
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Aixia Zhai
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Bingqing Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wuqi Song
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Gynecology Endoscopy Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gojo I, Beumer JH, Pratz KW, McDevitt MA, Baer MR, Blackford AL, Smith BD, Gore SD, Carraway HE, Showel MM, Levis MJ, Dezern AE, Gladstone DE, Ji JJ, Wang L, Kinders RJ, Pouquet M, Ali-Walbi I, Rudek MA, Poh W, Herman JG, Karnitz LM, Kaufmann SH, Chen A, Karp JE. A Phase 1 Study of the PARP Inhibitor Veliparib in Combination with Temozolomide in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:697-706. [PMID: 27503200 PMCID: PMC5290001 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In preclinical studies, the PARP inhibitor veliparib enhanced the antileukemic action of temozolomide through potentiation of DNA damage. Accordingly, we conducted a phase 1 study of temozolomide with escalating doses of veliparib in patients with relapsed, refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or AML arising from aggressive myeloid malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients received veliparib [20-200 mg once a day on day 1 and twice daily on days 4-12 in cycle 1 (days 1-8 in cycle ≥2)] and temozolomide [150-200 mg/m2 daily on days 3-9 in cycle 1 (days 1-5 in cycle ≥2)] every 28 to 56 days. Veliparib pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics [ability to inhibit poly(ADP-ribose) polymer (PAR) formation and induce H2AX phosphorylation] were assessed. Pretreatment levels of MGMT and PARP1 protein, methylation of the MGMT promoter, and integrity of the Fanconi anemia pathway were also examined. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were treated at seven dose levels. Dose-limiting toxicities were oral mucositis and esophagitis lasting >7 days. The MTD was veliparib 150 mg twice daily with temozolomide 200 mg/m2 daily. The complete response (CR) rate was 17% (8/48 patients). Veliparib exposure as well as inhibition of PAR polymer formation increased dose proportionately. A veliparib-induced increase in H2AX phosphorylation in CD34+ cells was observed in responders. Three of 4 patients with MGMT promoter methylation achieved CR. CONCLUSIONS Veliparib plus temozolomide is well tolerated, with activity in advanced AML. Further evaluation of this regimen and of treatment-induced phosphorylation of H2AX and MGMT methylation as potential response predictors appears warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 697-706. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Gojo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Keith W Pratz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A McDevitt
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria R Baer
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- Department of Statistics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - B Douglas Smith
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven D Gore
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hetty E Carraway
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Margaret M Showel
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark J Levis
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amy E Dezern
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas E Gladstone
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiuping Jay Ji
- Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, Applied/Developmental Research Support Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lihua Wang
- Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, Applied/Developmental Research Support Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert J Kinders
- Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, Applied/Developmental Research Support Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Marie Pouquet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ismail Ali-Walbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weijie Poh
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James G Herman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larry M Karnitz
- Division of Oncology Research and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alice Chen
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Judith E Karp
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Springuel L, Losdyck E, Saussoy P, Turcq B, Mahon FX, Knoops L, Renauld JC. Loss of mutL homolog-1 (MLH1) expression promotes acquisition of oncogenic and inhibitor-resistant point mutations in tyrosine kinases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4739-4748. [PMID: 27436342 PMCID: PMC11108519 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability drives cancer progression by promoting genetic abnormalities that allow for the multi-step clonal selection of cells with growth advantages. We previously reported that the IL-9-dependent TS1 cell line sequentially acquired activating substitutions in JAK1 and JAK3 upon successive selections for growth factor independent and JAK inhibitor-resistant cells, suggestive of a defect in mutation avoidance mechanisms. In the first part of this paper, we discovered that the gene encoding mutL homolog-1 (MLH1), a key component of the DNA mismatch repair system, is silenced by promoter methylation in TS1 cells. By means of stable ectopic expression and RNA interference methods, we showed that the high frequencies of growth factor-independent and inhibitor-resistant cells with activating JAK mutations can be attributed to the absence of MLH1 expression. In the second part of this paper, we confirm the clinical relevance of our findings by showing that chronic myeloid leukemia relapses upon ABL-targeted therapy correlated with a lower expression of MLH1 messenger RNA. Interestingly, the mutational profile observed in our TS1 model, characterized by a strong predominance of T:A>C:G transitions, was identical to the one described in the literature for primitive cells derived from chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Taken together, our observations demonstrate for the first time a causal relationship between MLH1-deficiency and incidence of oncogenic point mutations in tyrosine kinases driving cell transformation and acquired resistance to kinase-targeted cancer therapies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Clone Cells
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology
- Janus Kinases/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mice
- MutL Protein Homolog 1/genetics
- MutL Protein Homolog 1/metabolism
- Oncogenes
- Point Mutation/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Springuel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Losdyck
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Saussoy
- Hematology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Béatrice Turcq
- Leukemic Hematopoiesis and Therapeutic Targets Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François-Xavier Mahon
- Leukemic Hematopoiesis and Therapeutic Targets Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Knoops
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Hematology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qu X, Davison J, Du L, Storer B, Stirewalt DL, Heimfeld S, Estey E, Appelbaum FR, Fang M. Identification of differentially methylated markers among cytogenetic risk groups of acute myeloid leukemia. Epigenetics 2016; 10:526-35. [PMID: 25996682 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1048060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is known to occur in cancer, including hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, less is known about whether specific methylation profiles characterize specific subcategories of AML. We examined this issue by using comprehensive high-throughput array-based relative methylation analysis (CHARM) to compare methylation profiles among patients in different AML cytogenetic risk groups. We found distinct profiles in each group, with the high-risk group showing overall increased methylation compared with low- and mid-risk groups. The differentially methylated regions (DMRs) distinguishing cytogenetic risk groups of AML were enriched in the CpG island shores. Specific risk-group associated DMRs were located near genes previously known to play a role in AML or other malignancies, such as MN1, UHRF1, HOXB3, and HOXB4, as well as TRIM71, the function of which in cancer is not well characterized. These findings were verified by quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing and by comparison with results available at the TCGA cancer genome browser. To explore the potential biological significance of the observed methylation changes, we correlated our findings with gene expression data available through the TCGA database. The results showed that decreased methylation at HOXB3 and HOXB4 was associated with increased gene expression of both HOXB genes specific to the mid-risk AML, while increased DNA methylation at DCC distinctive to the high-risk AML was associated with increased gene expression. Our results suggest that the differential impact of cytogenetic changes on AML prognosis may, in part, be mediated by changes in methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qu
- a Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center ; Seattle , WA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Song D, Yue L, Wu G, Ma S, Yang H, Liu Q, Zhang D, Xia Z, Jia J, Wang J. Evaluation of promoter hypomethylation and expression of p73 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in Wilms' tumour. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:12-8. [PMID: 26184366 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A member of the p53 family, the p73 gene is essential for the maintenance of genomic stability, DNA repair and apoptosis regulation. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of expression and DNA methylation patterns of the p73 gene in the early diagnosis and prognosis of Wilms' tumour (WT). METHODS Methylation-specific PCR, semi-quantitative (sq-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and survival and hazard function curve analyses were utilised to measure the expression and DNA methylation patterns of p73 in WT tissue samples with a view to assessing diagnostic and prognostic value. RESULTS The relative expression of p73 mRNA was higher, while the promoter methylation level was lower in the WT than the control group (p<0.05) and closely associated with poor survival prognosis in children with WT (p<0.05). Increased expression and decreased methylation of p73 were correlated with increasing tumour size, clinical stage and unfavourable histological differentiation (p<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed areas under the curve of 0.544 for methylation and 0.939 for expression in WT venous blood, indicating the higher diagnostic yield of preoperative p73 expression. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative venous blood p73 level serves as an underlying biomarker for the early diagnosis of WT. p73 overexpression and concomitantly decreased promoter methylation are significantly associated with poor survival in children with WT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Song
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lifang Yue
- Department of Ultrasonography, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Heying Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Qiuliang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Xia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu XJ, Gao S, Wang M, Qian H, Gu GY, Zhang K, Xu WR. Methylation status of the FHIT gene in the transformed human mesenchymal F6 stem cell line. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2661-2666. [PMID: 26137124 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene is known to be a tumor suppressor gene and the abnormal methylation of FHIT has been identified in leukemia and several solid tumors. The transformation of the tumor F6 cell line from human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (FMSCs) was first reported in a previous study that also identified the presence of a population of cancer stem cells in the F6 cell line. However, the existence of the epigenetic changes during the transformation process have yet to be elucidated. To confirm the role of the FHIT gene in the transformation process of FMSC, the expression level and methylation status of the FHIT gene was examined in F6 tumor cells and FMSCs. Additionally, the alteration in cell morphology, the cell cycle and apoptosis in F6 cells following 5-Aza-CdR treatment was assessed. It was found that the FHIT gene was expressed in FMSCs, but not in F6 cells. The methylation-specific PCR results demonstrated that the promoter methylation of FHIT genes existed in the F6 cell line. Subsequent to treatment with 5-Aza-CdR the expression of FHIT genes was restored in F6 cells. In addition, the morphology of F6 cells was altered, and the cell cycle was arrested in the G2 phase, with the initiation of apoptosis. Overall, the present findings demonstrated that the FHIT gene was methylated in F6 cells and demethylation treatment lead to changes in the biological characteristics, thereby promoting the apoptosis of F6 cells. FHIT gene methylation may be one of the molecular events involved in the development and transformation of FMSCs into F6 tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yu Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Rong Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qian J, Chen XX, Qian W, Yang J, Wen XM, Ma JC, Deng ZQ, Qian Z, Zhang YY, Lin J. Aberrant hypermethylation of CTNNA1 gene is associated with higher IPSS risk in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med 2015; 52:1859-65. [PMID: 25153418 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CTNNA1 gene is a putative tumor suppressor for its roles in inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Aberrant expression of CTNNA1 is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms including both promoter methylation and histone deacetylation in hematopoietic malignancies. However, the clinical relevance of CTNNA1 methylation remains rarely known in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS We investigated the methylation status of CTNNA1 promoter using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and analyzed its clinical significance in Chinese MDS patients. RESULTS Aberrant hypermethylation of CTNNA1 gene was identified in 22% (18/83) of the patients. CTNNA1 expression was significantly correlated with promoter methylation status (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the age, sex, and blood parameters between patients with and without CTNNA1 hypermethylation (p>0.05). The frequency of CTNNA1 hypermethylation was significantly higher in patients with isolated del(5q) (3/4, 75%) than those with other abnormal karyotypes (4/23, 17%) and also than those with normal karyotypes (11/54, 20%) (p=0.042 and 0.040, respectively). The patients with higher IPSS risks (Int-2/High) had significantly increased incidence of CTNNA1 methylation than those with lower risks (Low/Int-1) (36% vs. 15%, p=0.049). Although the estimated 50% survival time of the CTNNA1-methylated group [median 13 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3-22 months] was shorter than that of CTNNA1-unmethylated group (median 24 months, 95% CI 7-41 months), the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.330). CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that aberrant CTNNA1 methylation is a common event and is associated with higher IPSS risk in MDS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lai J, Nie W, Zhang W, Wang Y, Xie R, Wang Y, Gu J, Xu J, Song W, Yang F, Huang G, Cao P, Guan X. Transcriptional regulation of the p73 gene by Nrf-2 and promoter CpG methylation in human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6909-22. [PMID: 25071010 PMCID: PMC4196172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the transcriptional regulation of p73 by promoter methylation and Nrf-2 in breast carcinogenesis, ChIP assay indicated that Nrf-2 can bind to both promoters and can activate the transcription of TAp73 and ΔΝp73 in MCF-7 cell line, knockdown of Nrf-2 gene resulted in an abrogation of TAp73 and ΔΝp73 expression in the cells transfected with sh-Nrf-2 as well as Nrf-2 knock out mouse model. However, we found Nrf-2 induced ΔΝp73 expression was abolished with 5-aza-dC treatment, thus lead to a down-regulated ΔΝp73 and an up-regulated TAp73 expression in breast cancer cells lines. Consistent with this model, we detected decreased TAp73 and increased ΔNp73 expression in breast cancer tissue, along with increased TAp73 but decreased ΔNp73 expression in corresponding surrounding noncancerous tissues (NCTs) in a breast cancer tissue assay. A significant inverse correlation was found between TAp73 and ΔNp73 expression in the above tissue-array (P = 0.047) and validated in another set consisting of 128 breast cancer tumor tissue (P = 0.034). Taken together, our findings suggest that Nrf-2 and promoter methylation cooperatively govern the transcriptional regulation of p73, and unbalanced expression of TAp73 and ΔNp73 expression plays a critical role in breast cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Weiwei Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yucai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ruilian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guichun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
CEBPA methylation and mutation in myelodysplastic syndrome. Med Oncol 2015; 32:192. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
17
|
Tao YF, Li ZH, Wang NN, Fang F, Xu LX, Pan J. tp53-dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate gene, Reprimo, is down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2931-44. [PMID: 25629980 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1011157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reprimo (RPRM) is a novel tumor suppressor. However, the expression and molecular function of RPRM in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still unknown. We observed hypermethylation of the RPRM promoter in 8/11 leukemia cell lines and in 44.8% (47/105) of pediatric AML samples compared with 6.7% (2/30) of control samples. Bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis showed that the RPRM promoter was methylated in the majority of AML samples (66.2-83.1%), whereas RPRM was almost unmethylated in normal bone marrow samples (20.0-27.7%). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed poor survival outcomes in samples with RPRM promoter methylation (p < 0.001). Proliferation of AML cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05) after RPRM overexpression with lentivirus transfection. Apoptosis was up-regulated in RPRM-overexpressing AML cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction array analysis revealed 50 dysregulated genes that might be implicated in apoptosis of RPRM-induced AML cells. RPRM may be a putative tumor suppressor in pediatric AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Tao
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Zhi-Heng Li
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Fang Fang
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jian Pan
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bodoor K, Haddad Y, Alkhateeb A, Al-Abbadi A, Dowairi M, Magableh A, Bsoul N, Ghabkari A. DNA hypermethylation of cell cycle (p15 and p16) and apoptotic (p14, p53, DAPK and TMS1) genes in peripheral blood of leukemia patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:75-84. [PMID: 24528084 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been reported in all major types of leukemia with potential involvement in the inactivation of regulatory cell cycle and apoptosis genes. However, most of the previous reports did not show the extent of concurrent methylation of multiple genes in the four leukemia types. Here, we analyzed six key genes (p14, p15, p16, p53, DAPK and TMS1) for DNA methylation using methylation specific PCR to analyze peripheral blood of 78 leukemia patients (24 CML, 25 CLL, 12 AML, and 17 ALL) and 24 healthy volunteers. In CML, methylation was detected for p15 (11%), p16 (9%), p53 (23%) and DAPK (23%), in CLL, p14 (25%), p15 (19%), p16 (12%), p53 (17%) and DAPK (36%), in AML, p14 (8%), p15 (45%), p53 (9%) and DAPK (17%) and in ALL, p15 (14%), p16 (8%), and p53 (8%). This study highlighted an essential role of DAPK methylation in chronic leukemia in contrast to p15 methylation in the acute cases, whereas TMS1 hypermethylation was absent in all cases. Furthermore, hypermethylation of multiple genes per patient was observed, with obvious selectiveness in the 9p21 chromosomal region genes (p14, p15 and p16). Interestingly, methylation of p15 increased the risk of methylation in p53, and vice versa, by five folds (p=0.03) indicating possible synergistic epigenetic disruption of different phases of the cell cycle or between the cell cycle and apoptosis. The investigation of multiple relationships between methylated genes might shed light on tumor specific inactivation of the cell cycle and apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaldon Bodoor
- Department of Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Death associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK) is an important serine/theoreine kinase involved in various cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. DAPK expression and activity are misregulated in multiple diseases including cancer, neuronal death, stoke, et al. Methylation of the DAPK gene is common in many types of cancer and can lead to loss of DAPK expression. In this review, we summarize the pathological status and functional roles of DAPK in disease and compare the published reagents that can manipulate the expression or activity of DAPK. The pleiotropic functions of DAPK make it an intriguing target and the barriers and opportunities for targeting DAPK for future clinical application are discussed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lai J, Yang F, Zhang W, Wang Y, Xu J, Song W, Huang G, Gu J, Guan X. TAp73 and ΔNp73 have opposing roles in 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Mol Cells 2014; 37:605-12. [PMID: 25134538 PMCID: PMC4145372 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The p73 gene contains an extrinsic P1 promoter and an intrinsic P2 promoter, controlling the transcription of the pro-apoptotic TAp73 isoform and the anti-apoptotic ΔΝp73 isoform, respectively. The DNA methylation status of both promoters act equally in the epigenetic transcriptional regulation of their relevant isoforms. The aim of this study was to analyze the different effects of these p73 isoforms in 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC)-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We investigated the effects of the DNA demethylation agent, 5-aza-dC, on the T-47D breast cancer cell line, and evaluated the methylation status of the p73 promoters and expression of TAp73 and ΔNp73. Furthermore, we assessed the expression of p53 and p73 isoforms in 5-aza-dC-treated T-47D cells and p53 knockout cells. 5-aza-dC induced significant anti-tumor effects in T-47D cells, including inhibition of cell viability, G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. This was associated with p73 promoter demethylation and a concomitant increase in TAp73 mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, the methylation status of promoter P2 was not associated with ΔNp73 mRNA or protein levels. Furthermore, demethylation of P2 failed to inhibit the expression of ΔNp73 with 5-aza-dC in the p53 knockdown cell model. Our study suggests that demethylation of the P1 and P2 promoters has opposite effects on the expression of p73 isoforms, namely up-regulation of TAp73 and down-regulation of ΔΝp73. We also demonstrate that p53 likely contributes to 5-aza-dC-induced ΔNp73 transcriptional inactivation in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282,
China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282,
China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282,
China
| | - Guichun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282,
China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Musialik E, Bujko M, Kober P, Grygorowicz MA, Libura M, Przestrzelska M, Juszczyński P, Borg K, Florek I, Jakóbczyk M, Baranowska A, Siedlecki JA. Comparison of promoter DNA methylation and expression levels of genes encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins in AML patients. Leuk Res 2014; 38:850-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Ng HY, Wan TS, So CC, Chim CS. Epigenetic inactivation ofDAPK1,p14ARF,mir-34aand-34b/cin acute promyelocytic leukaemia. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:626-31. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
23
|
Chen XX, Lin J, Qian J, Qian W, Yang J, Ma JC, Deng ZQ, An C, Tang CY, Qian Z, Liu Q. Methylation of CTNNA1 promoter: frequent but not an adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2014; 38:613-8. [PMID: 24685333 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The reduced expression of CTNNA1 gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene, has been found in several cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CTNNA1 expression is regulated by methylation and histone deacetylation. However, the clinical significance of CTNNA1 methylation in AML is rarely known. The present study was aimed to investigate the methylation status of CTNNA1 promoter region using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and its clinical relevance in Chinese AML patients. Patients with CTNNA1 hypermethylation had significantly lower level of CTNNA1 transcript than those without CTNNA1 hypermethylation (P=0.031). The relationship of CTNNA1 methylation with clinical parameters was evaluated. Aberrant hypermethylation of CTNNA1 gene was found in 23.9% (37/155) AML cases. The status of CTNNA1 methylation was not correlated with the mutations of seven genes (FLT3-ITD, NPM1, C-KIT, IDH1/IDH2, DNMT3A, N/K-RAS and C/EBPA). There was no significant difference in the rates of complete remission (CR) between patients with and without CTNNA1 methylation. Although the overall survival (OS) time of the CTNNA1-methylated AML was shorter than that of CTNNA1-unmethylated group (6 months vs 9 months), the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.681). Our data suggest that CTNNA1 methylation is a recurrent event but has no influence on prognosis in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-xing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Qian
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-qun Deng
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui An
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-yan Tang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheng C, Huang C, Ma TT, Bian EB, He Y, Zhang L, Li J. SOCS1 hypermethylation mediated by DNMT1 is associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:488-97. [PMID: 24440346 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages activation which releases the pro-inflammatory cytokines is an essential event in the process of inflammation. SOCS1 has been shown to act as a negative regulator of cytokine signals and plays a key role in the suppression of tissue injury and inflammatory diseases. DNA methylation mediated by specific DNA methyltransferases1 (DNMT1) which contributes to the epigenetic silencing of multiple genes. SOCS1 promoter hypermethylation is by far the best categorized epigenetic change in tumors. Our study with a view to investigate whether the loss of SOCS1 due to SOCS1 promoter methylation was involved in the course of inflammatory cytokines released from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Here, we found that treatment of LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azadC) reduced aberrant promoter hypermethylation of SOCS1 and prevented the loss of the expression of SOCS1 in macrophages which secret inflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of DNMT1 gene not only attenuated the SOCS1 gene promoter methylation but also up-regulated the expression of SOCS1 in activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, silencing of DNMT1 prevented the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These studies demonstrated that DNMT1-mediated SOCS1 hypermethylation caused the loss of SOCS1 expression results in negative regulation of activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and enhanced the release of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao-Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Er-Bao Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pellagatti A, Benner A, Mills KI, Cazzola M, Giagounidis A, Perry J, Malcovati L, Della Porta MG, Jädersten M, Verma A, McDonald EJ, Killick S, Hellström-Lindberg E, Bullinger L, Wainscoat JS, Boultwood J. Identification of gene expression-based prognostic markers in the hematopoietic stem cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:3557-64. [PMID: 24002510 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.45.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The diagnosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is largely dependent on morphologic examination of bone marrow aspirates. Several criteria that form the basis of the classifications and scoring systems most commonly used in clinical practice are affected by operator-dependent variation. To identify standardized molecular markers that would allow prediction of prognosis, we have used gene expression profiling (GEP) data on CD34+ cells from patients with MDS to determine the relationship between gene expression levels and prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS GEP data on CD34+ cells from 125 patients with MDS with a minimum 12-month follow-up since date of bone marrow sample collection were included in this study. Supervised principal components and lasso penalized Cox proportional hazards regression (Coxnet) were used for the analysis. RESULTS We identified several genes, the expression of which was significantly associated with survival of patients with MDS, including LEF1, CDH1, WT1, and MN1. The Coxnet predictor, based on expression data on 20 genes, outperformed other predictors, including one that additionally used clinical information. Our Coxnet gene signature based on CD34+ cells significantly identified a separation of patients with good or bad prognosis in an independent GEP data set based on unsorted bone marrow mononuclear cells, demonstrating that our signature is robust and may be applicable to bone marrow cells without the need to isolate CD34+ cells. CONCLUSION We present a new, valuable GEP-based signature for assessing prognosis in MDS. GEP-based signatures correlating with clinical outcome may significantly contribute to a refined risk classification of MDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pellagatti
- Andrea Pellagatti, Janet Perry, James S. Wainscoat, and Jacqueline Boultwood, University of Oxford, Oxford; Ken I. Mills, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast; Emma-Jane McDonald and Sally Killick, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Axel Benner, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Aristoteles Giagounidis, St Johannes Hospital, Duisburg; Lars Bullinger, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Mario Cazzola, Luca Malcovati, and Matteo G. Della Porta, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovera e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Martin Jädersten and Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Amit Verma, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao Y, Gu S, Guo J, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Li X, Chang C. Aberration of p73 promoter methylation in de novo myelodysplastic syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 17:275-82. [PMID: 22971533 DOI: 10.1179/1607845412y.0000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
p73, a tumor suppressor gene with significant homology to p53, is hypermethylated in a high percentage of NK-cell lymphoma and B-cell lymphomas patients. Given these data, we sought to study the role of p73 methylation in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In this study, the methylation status of the p73 gene promoter was analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) in bone marrow (BM) samples from 135 adult patients with de novo MDS. The results of MS-PCR were confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. We found that p73 methylation was present in 37% (n = 50) of these cases and methylaiton was correlated significantly with World Health Organization (WHO) subtypes. Patients with advanced stages of WHO subtypes (30 vs. 59%, P = 0.002) exhibited a significantly higher frequency of p73 methylation. Moreover, a decrease in transcription of p73 was accompanied by methylation (P = 0.032) and the decitabine treatment restored the expression of p73. The median survival of patients with p73 methylation was shorter than that for patients without p73 methylation (15 vs. >33 months, P = 0.002). A multivariate analysis also indicated that the p73 methylation status was the independent factor that impacted overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS). However, we failed to find any significant association between p73 methylation and clinical responses to decitabine, a hypomethylating agent that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with MDS. In conclusion, p73 methylation is common in patients with MDS and indicate poor prognosis. p73 may be a therapeutic target in MDS.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee HJ, Daver N, Kantarjian HM, Verstovsek S, Ravandi F. The role of JAK pathway dysregulation in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:327-35. [PMID: 23209034 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation has improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Before discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation, there were no specific targeted therapies for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. More recently, several small-molecule inhibitors have been developed that have shown therapeutic potential in the clinical setting. There is evidence that the JAK2 pathway is dysregulated in some acute myeloid leukemias and may also represent a novel therapeutic target in this disease. In this review, we describe the preclinical, clinical, and pathophysiologic evidence for using JAK inhibitors in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hun Ju Lee
- Department of Lymphoma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Silva G, Cardoso BA, Belo H, Almeida AM. Vorinostat induces apoptosis and differentiation in myeloid malignancies: genetic and molecular mechanisms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53766. [PMID: 23320102 PMCID: PMC3540071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant epigenetic patterns are central in the pathogenesis of haematopoietic diseases such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Vorinostat is a HDACi which has produced responses in these disorders. The purpose of this study was to address the functional effects of vorinostat in leukemic cell lines and primary AML and MDS myeloid cells and to dissect the genetic and molecular mechanisms by which it exerts its action. Methodology/Principal Findings Functional assays showed vorinostat promoted cell cycle arrest, inhibited growth, and induced apoptosis and differentiation of K562, HL60 and THP-1 and of CD33+ cells from AML and MDS patients. To explore the genetic mechanism for these effects, we quantified gene expression modulation by vorinostat in these cells. Vorinostat increased expression of genes down-regulated in MDS and/or AML (cFOS, COX2, IER3, p15, RAI3) and suppressed expression of genes over-expressed in these malignancies (AXL, c-MYC, Cyclin D1) and modulated cell cycle and apoptosis genes in a manner which would favor cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis of neoplastic cells, consistent with the functional assays. Reporter assays showed transcriptional effect of vorinostat on some of these genes was mediated by proximal promoter elements in GC-rich regions. Vorinostat-modulated expression of some genes was potentiated by mithramycin A, a compound that interferes with SP1 binding to GC-rich DNA sequences, and siRNA-mediated SP1 reduction. ChIP assays revealed vorinostat inhibited DNA binding of SP1 to the proximal promoter regions of these genes. These results suggest vorinostat transcriptional action in some genes is regulated by proximal promoter GC-rich DNA sequences and by SP1. Conclusion This study sheds light on the effects of vorinostat in AML and MDS and supports the implementation of clinical trials to explore the use of vorinostat in the treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silva
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno A. Cardoso
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélio Belo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Medina Almeida
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by dysregulated gene expression and abnormal patterns of DNA methylation; the relationship between these events is unclear. Many AML patients are now being treated with hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine (DAC), although the mechanisms by which it induces remissions remain unknown. The goal of this study was to use a novel stromal coculture assay that can expand primary AML cells to identify the immediate changes induced by DAC with a dose (100nM) that decreases total 5-methylcytosine content and reactivates imprinted genes (without causing myeloid differentiation, which would confound downstream genomic analyses). Using array-based technologies, we found that DAC treatment caused global hypomethylation in all samples (with a preference for regions with higher levels of baseline methylation), yet there was limited correlation between changes in methylation and gene expression. Moreover, the patterns of methylation and gene expression across the samples were primarily determined by the intrinsic properties of the primary cells, rather than DAC treatment. Although DAC induces hypomethylation, we could not identify canonical target genes that are altered by DAC in primary AML cells, suggesting that the mechanism of action of DAC is more complex than previously recognized.
Collapse
|
30
|
Warren M, Luthra R, Yin CC, Ravandi F, Cortes JE, Kantarjian HM, Medeiros LJ, Zuo Z. Clinical impact of change of FLT3 mutation status in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:1405-12. [PMID: 22684224 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia and is associated with worse clinical outcome. Changes in FLT3 mutation status can occur during the course of disease, but the clinical impact of a change is unclear. We retrospectively reviewed 3555 acute myeloid leukemia patients, who have been assessed for FLT3 mutation at our institution between May 2002 and January 2011. We found that 42 (6.2%) out of 680 patients with FLT3 mutation experienced a change of FLT3 mutation status. In all, 36 patients with wild-type FLT3 at the time of initial diagnosis gained mutation (Negative/Positive) and six initially FLT3-mutated patients became wild type during their following relapses (Positive/Negative). The 5-year survival of these patients was similar to that of patients with persistently wild-type FLT3 (Negative/Negative; P=0.464), and significantly better than patients who had stable FLT3 mutation during their disease course (Positive/Positive; P<0.001). However, after mutations became detectable in the Negative/Positive group, the forward survival of these patients tracked that of the Positive/Positive group after relapse (P=0.761). In addition, we did not find a significant difference in survival between patients with internal tandem duplications and those with point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the FLT3 gene. These results suggest that FLT3 mutations are unstable and that there is potential clinical value in continuously monitoring FLT3 mutation status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Warren
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor Collage of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Methylation of the p73 gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: correlations with apoptosis and prognosis. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:165-72. [PMID: 23055192 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of epigenetically inactivated tumor suppressor genes may shed additional light on the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets for demethylating agents. In this study, the methylation status of the p73 gene promoter was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) in bone marrow (BM) samples from 126 adult patients with de novo MDS. The results of the MS-PCR were confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. In addition, we analyzed p73 expression using real-time PCR. The apoptosis of BM cells was examined by flow cytometry. The methylation of the p73 gene was observed in 36.5 % of cases. There were strong correlations between p73 methylation and the marrow blast levels (p = 0.037) and the WHO classification (p = 0.016). The frequency of p73 methylation was significantly correlated with the International Prognostic Scoring System subgroup ( r = 0.904, p < 0.001). Moreover, a decrease in the transcription of p73 was accompanied by methylation (p = 0.032). Although the level of apoptosis in the BM samples of the methylated group was not significantly lower than that in the unmethylated group (p = 0.094), decitabine treatment restored p73 expression and increased the level of cytarabine (ara-C)-induced apoptosis in vitro. The median survival time of patients with p73 methylation was shorter than that for patients without p73 methylation (15 vs. > 33 months, respectively, p = 0.002). A multivariate analysis also indicated that the p73 methylation status was the independent factor that impacted overall survival. In conclusion, p73 methylation is common in patients with MDS and is associated with poor prognosis. Our results provide further evidence for the involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in the pathogenesis of MDS.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hájková H, Marková J, Haškovec C, Šárová I, Fuchs O, Kostečka A, Cetkovský P, Michalová K, Schwarz J. Decreased DNA methylation in acute myeloid leukemia patients with DNMT3A mutations and prognostic implications of DNA methylation. Leuk Res 2012; 36:1128-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Kraguljac Kurtović N, Krajnović M, Bogdanović A, Suvajdžić N, Jovanović J, Dimitrijević B, Čolović M, Krtolica K. Concomitant aberrant methylation of p15 and MGMT genes in acute myeloid leukemia: association with a particular immunophenotype of blast cells. Med Oncol 2012; 29:3547-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
34
|
Alexandrova EM, Moll UM. Role of p53 family members p73 and p63 in human hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2116-29. [PMID: 22497596 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.684348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p53, mutated in over half of human cancers and about 13% of all hematological malignancies, maintains genomic integrity and triggers cellular senescence and apoptosis of damaged cells. In contrast to p53, the homologs p73 and p63 play critical roles in development of the central nervous system and skin/limbs, respectively. Moreover, dependent on the context they can exert tumor suppressor activities that cooperate with p53. Unlike p53, p73 and p63 are rarely mutated in cancers. Instead, up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic dominant-negative ΔNp73 and ΔNp63 isoforms is the most frequent abnormality in solid cancers. In hematological malignancies the most frequent p73 defect is promoter methylation and loss of expression, associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. This suggests an essential tumor suppressor role of p73 in blood cells, also supported by genetic mouse models. Many therapeutic approaches aiming to restore p73 activity are currently being investigated. In contrast, the most frequent p63 abnormality is protein overexpression, associated with higher disease grade and poorer prognosis. Surprisingly, although available data are still scarce, the emerging picture is up-regulation of transactivation-competent TAp63 isoforms, suggesting a tumor-promoting role in this context.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is frequent in the myeloid malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Promoter CpG methylation is correlated with silencing of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) in specific pathways that are also targets of mutation or other mechanisms of inactivation, and is thought to contribute to disease progression and poor prognosis. Epigenetic contributions to myeloid pathogenesis are more complex. Examples include TSG inactivation and oncogenic activation associated with formation of altered chromatin separate from CpG methylation. Epigenetic dysregulation occurs at multiple disease stages and at non-CpG island genomic sites, and also includes genomic hypomethylation and small RNA mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Identification of recurrent mutations in potential epigenetic regulators, including TET2, IDH1, IDH2, DNMT3A, UTX, and ASXL1, were recently described. Accordingly, therapeutics directed towards epigenetic mechanisms including methylation inhibitors and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have had some clinical success when applied to MDS and AML. However, identification of the underlying mechanisms associated with clinical responses and drug resistance remain enigmatic. Remarkably, in spite of significant molecular and translational progress, there are currently no epigenetic biomarkers in widespread clinical use. In this review, we explore the potential applications of epigenetic biomarker discovery, including epigenetic profiling for myeloid malignancy pathogenesis understanding, diagnostic classification, and development of effective treatment paradigms for these generally considered poor prognosis disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A McDevitt
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stephen JK, Symal M, Chen KM, Ghanem T, Deeb R, Shah V, Havard S, Worsham MJ. Molecular characterization of late stomal recurrence following total laryngectomy. Oncol Rep 2011; 25:669-76. [PMID: 21225233 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal was to determine recurrent or second primary status for late stomal malignancies, 16 and 17 years post-total laryngectomy in two laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients, based on DNA methylation signatures and HPV typing. Adopting a literature review based definition of late stomal recurrences as new primaries at the site of the stoma or neopharynx occurring >5 years after total laryngectomy, we employed a multi-gene candidate approach to examine promoter methylation in 24 tumor suppressor genes and PCR-based assays for HPV status offered additional insights into whether the late stomal tumors post-total laryngectomy were related or not. The primary tumor for Patient 1 was negative for HPV but had aberrant hypermethylation of APC, MLH1 and BRCA1. The stomal biopsy 17-years later showed presence of HPV-16 without any methylated genes. In Patient 2, HPV-11 and promoter methylation of APC identified in the primary tumor was also observed in the stomal malignancy 16 years post-total laryngectomy. Additional information provided by molecular typing for HPV and methylation markers underscored Patient 1's and 2's late stomal presentation as most likely a second primary and recurrence, respectively. DNA methylation markers are particularly advantageous because DNA methylation is an early event in tumorigenesis, and the epigenetic modification, 5-methylcytosine, is a stable marker. Molecular marks to discern genetic heterogeneity or relatedness of stomal malignancies several years post-total laryngectomy can provide clues to their status as either second primaries or likely recurrences. Our results support the hypothesis that a subset of stomal recurrences after total laryngectomy represents second primary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josena K Stephen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schoofs T, Müller-Tidow C. DNA methylation as a pathogenic event and as a therapeutic target in AML. Cancer Treat Rev 2011; 37 Suppl 1:S13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
38
|
Yao DM, Qian J, Lin J, Wang YL, Chen Q, Qian Z, Li Y, Wang CZ, Yang J. Aberrant methylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta promoter in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 35:957-60. [PMID: 21106240 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant changes of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are now recognized as an important mechanism contributing to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta (C/EBPζ), a candidate TSG, has been found to be involved in cancers including AML. We detected the methylation status of C/EBPζ promoter in 133 patients with AML using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and examined C/EBPζ transcript in 32 patients using real-time quantitative PCR. The abnormal methylation of C/EBPζ gene promoter was found in 62 (46.6%) AML cases. No correlation was found between C/EBPζ promoter hypermethylation and the age, sex, WBC counts, platelet counts and FAB subtypes of AML patients (P>0.05). The trend that the frequency of C/EBPζ methylation increased as karyotype became more adverse was observed (R=0.167, P=0.075). There was a significant correlation between C/EBPζ expression and C/EBPζ methylation in AML patients (R=0.606, P=0.002). Our data suggest that the aberrant methylation of C/EBPζ promoter may be involved in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Yao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|