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Alexander WB, Wang W, Hill MA, O'Dell MR, Ruffolo LI, Guo B, Jackson KM, Ullman N, Friedland SC, McCall MN, Patel A, Figueroa-Guilliani N, Georger M, Belt BA, Whitney-Miller CL, Linehan DC, Murphy PJ, Hezel AF. Smad4 restricts injury-provoked biliary proliferation and carcinogenesis. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050358. [PMID: 38415925 PMCID: PMC10924230 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly and heterogeneous type of cancer characterized by a spectrum of epidemiologic associations as well as genetic and epigenetic alterations. We seek to understand how these features inter-relate in the earliest phase of cancer development and through the course of disease progression. For this, we studied murine models of liver injury integrating the most commonly occurring gene mutations of CCA - including Kras, Tp53, Arid1a and Smad4 - as well as murine hepatobiliary cancer models and derived primary cell lines based on these mutations. Among commonly mutated genes in CCA, we found that Smad4 functions uniquely to restrict reactive cholangiocyte expansion to liver injury through restraint of the proliferative response. Inactivation of Smad4 accelerates carcinogenesis, provoking pre-neoplastic biliary lesions and CCA development in an injury setting. Expression analyses of Smad4-perturbed reactive cholangiocytes and CCA lines demonstrated shared enriched pathways, including cell-cycle regulation, MYC signaling and oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that Smad4 may act via these mechanisms to regulate cholangiocyte proliferation and progression to CCA. Overall, we showed that TGFβ/SMAD4 signaling serves as a critical barrier restraining cholangiocyte expansion and malignant transformation in states of biliary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Margaret A. Hill
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael R. O'Dell
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Luis I. Ruffolo
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Katherine M. Jackson
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nicholas Ullman
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Scott C. Friedland
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Matthew N. McCall
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ankit Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - Mary Georger
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Brian A. Belt
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Christa L. Whitney-Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David C. Linehan
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Patrick J. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Aram F. Hezel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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2
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Marani M, Madan V, Le TK, Deng J, Lee KK, Ma EZ, Kwatra SG. Dysregulation of the Skin-Liver Axis in Prurigo Nodularis: An Integrated Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Population-Based Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:146. [PMID: 38397136 PMCID: PMC10887737 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pruritus has long been linked to hepatic dysfunction; however, there are limited data characterizing the association between liver disease and prurigo nodularis (PN), a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring severe pruritis. We thus conducted a cross-sectional analysis of hepatic comorbidities in PN patients using TriNetX, a large global health research network. This analysis revealed that PN patients had a higher risk (p < 0.001) of developing liver cirrhosis, acute and subacute hepatic failure, inflammatory liver disease, chronic hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, portal hypertension, fatty liver, chronic passive congestion of the liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma compared with healthy controls. The cumulative incidence of liver disease was about three times higher in PN patients compared with healthy controls. These findings provided the basis for translational studies to investigate a genetic mechanism for this association. Cutaneous transcriptomic analysis performed on PN patients revealed the dysregulation of genes related to hepatic failure in lesional PN compared with both nonlesional PN and control skin. Similarly, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) revealed a significantly increased (p < 0.05) activation of liver metabolism, chronic hepatic failure, acute hepatic failure, cholestatic liver disease, polycystic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma pathways in lesional PN compared with control skin. A subsequent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified shared single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes AR, EDIL3, MACROD2, PCSK5, RUNX1T1, TENM4, and ZEB2 between PN and liver disease from the FinnGen cohort. Significant dysregulation of the skin-liver axis in PN patients may explain the increased incidence and severity of hepatic comorbidities and help identify future therapeutic targets for PN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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3
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Wilczyński J, Paradowska E, Wilczyńska J, Wilczyński M. Prediction of Chemoresistance-How Preclinical Data Could Help to Modify Therapeutic Strategy in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Curr Oncol 2023; 31:229-249. [PMID: 38248100 PMCID: PMC10814576 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is one of the most lethal tumors generally and the most fatal cancer of the female genital tract. The approved standard therapy consists of surgical cytoreduction and platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy, and of targeted therapy in selected patients. The main therapeutic problem is chemoresistance of recurrent and metastatic HGSOC tumors which results in low survival in the group of FIGO III/IV. Therefore, the prediction and monitoring of chemoresistance seems to be of utmost importance for the improvement of HGSOC management. This type of cancer has genetic heterogeneity with several subtypes being characterized by diverse gene signatures and disturbed peculiar epigenetic regulation. HGSOC develops and metastasizes preferentially in the specific intraperitoneal environment composed mainly of fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells. Different HGSOC subtypes could be sensitive to distinct sets of drugs. Moreover, primary, metastatic, and recurrent tumors are characterized by an individual biology, and thus diverse drug responsibility. Without a precise identification of the tumor and its microenvironment, effective treatment seems to be elusive. This paper reviews tumor-derived genomic, mutational, cellular, and epigenetic biomarkers of HGSOC drug resistance, as well as tumor microenvironment-derived biomarkers of chemoresistance, and discusses their possible use in the novel complex approach to ovarian cancer therapy and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Justyna Wilczyńska
- Department of Tele-Radiotherapy, Mikolaj Kopernik Provincial Multi-Specialized Oncology and Traumatology Center, 62 Pabianicka Str., 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological, Endoscopic and Oncological Surgery, Polish Mother’s Health Center—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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Ladel L, Tan WY, Jeyakanthan T, Sailo B, Sharma A, Ahuja N. The Promise of Epigenetics Research in the Treatment of Appendiceal Neoplasms. Cells 2023; 12:1962. [PMID: 37566041 PMCID: PMC10417136 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Appendiceal cancers (AC) are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies. Historically, appendiceal neoplasms have been grouped with colorectal cancers (CRC), and treatment strategies have been modeled after CRC management guidelines due to their structural similarities and anatomical proximity. However, the two have marked differences in biological behavior and treatment response, and evidence suggests significant discrepancies in their respective genetic profiles. In addition, while the WHO classification for appendiceal cancers is currently based on traditional histopathological criteria, studies have demonstrated that histomorphology does not correlate with survival or treatment response in AC. Due to their rarity, appendiceal cancers have not been studied as extensively as other gastrointestinal cancers. However, their incidence has been increasing steadily over the past decade, making it crucial to identify new and more effective strategies for detection and treatment. Recent efforts to map and understand the molecular landscape of appendiceal cancers have unearthed a wealth of information that has made it evident that appendiceal cancers possess a unique molecular profile, distinct from other gastrointestinal cancers. This review focuses on the epigenetic landscape of epithelial appendiceal cancers and aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge of epigenetic changes across different appendiceal cancer subtypes, highlighting the challenges as well as the promise of employing epigenetics in the quest for the detection of biomarkers, therapeutic targets, surveillance markers, and predictors of treatment response and survival in epithelial appendiceal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ladel
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
- Affiliated Internal Medicine Residency Program at Norwalk Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Yale University, Norwalk, CT 06850, USA
| | - Wan Ying Tan
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
- Affiliated Internal Medicine Residency Program at Norwalk Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Yale University, Norwalk, CT 06850, USA
| | - Thanushiya Jeyakanthan
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
- Affiliated Internal Medicine Residency Program at Norwalk Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Yale University, Norwalk, CT 06850, USA
| | - Bethsebie Sailo
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anup Sharma
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Chen J, Chen S, Dai X, Ma L, Chen Y, Bian W, Sun Y. Exploration of the underlying biological differences and targets in ovarian cancer patients with diverse immunotherapy response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007326. [PMID: 36189254 PMCID: PMC9521167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical trials of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer (OC) have shown promising results. This makes it meaningful to prospectively examine the biological mechanisms explaining the differences in response performances to immunotherapy among OC patients. Methods Open-accessed data was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database. All the analysis was conducted using the R software. Results We firstly performed the TIDE analysis to evaluate the immunotherapy response rate of OC patients. The machine learning algorithm LASSO logistic regression and SVM-RFE were used to identify the characteristic genes. The genes DPT, RUNX1T1, PTPRN, LSAMP, FDCSP and COL6A6 were selected for molecular typing. Our result showed that the patients in Cluster1 might have a better prognosis and might be more sensitive to immunotherapy, including PD-1 and CTLA4 therapy options. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that in Cluster2, the pathway of EMT, TNFα/NF-kB signaling, IL2/STAT5 signaling, inflammatory response, KRAS signaling, apical junction, complement, interferon-gamma response and allograft rejection were significantly activated. Also, genomic instability analysis was performed to identify the underlying genomic difference between the different Cluster patients. Single-cell analysis showed that the DPT, COL6A6, LSAMP and RUNX1T1 were mainly expressed in the fibroblasts. We then quantified the CAFs infiltration in the OC samples. The result showed that patients with low CAFs infiltration might have a lower TIDE score and a higher proportion of immunotherapy responders. Also, we found all the characteristic genes DPT, RUNX1T1, PTPRN, LSAMP, FDCSP and COL6A6 were upregulated in the patients with high CAFs infiltration. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the patients in Cluster2 might have a higher infiltration of naive B cells, activated NK cells and resting Dendritic cells. Conclusions In summary, our study provides new insights into ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Meanwhile, specific targets DPT, RUNX1T1, PTPRN, LSAMP, FDCSP, COL6A6 and CAFs were identified for OC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Chen
- Oncology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Surong Chen
- Oncology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Xichao Dai
- Oncology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Oncology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Oncology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Weigang Bian
- Oncology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, China
- *Correspondence: Weigang Bian, ; Yunhao Sun,
| | - Yunhao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, China
- *Correspondence: Weigang Bian, ; Yunhao Sun,
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6
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Lee AH, Mejia Peña C, Dawson MR. Comparing the Secretomes of Chemorefractory and Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Populations. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1418. [PMID: 35326569 PMCID: PMC8946241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) constitutes the majority of all ovarian cancer cases and has staggering rates of both refractory and recurrent disease. While most patients respond to the initial treatment with paclitaxel and platinum-based drugs, up to 25% do not, and of the remaining that do, 75% experience disease recurrence within the subsequent two years. Intrinsic resistance in refractory cases is driven by environmental stressors like tumor hypoxia which alter the tumor microenvironment to promote cancer progression and resistance to anticancer drugs. Recurrent disease describes the acquisition of chemoresistance whereby cancer cells survive the initial exposure to chemotherapy and develop adaptations to enhance their chances of surviving subsequent treatments. Of the environmental stressors cancer cells endure, exposure to hypoxia has been identified as a potent trigger and priming agent for the development of chemoresistance. Both in the presence of the stress of hypoxia or the therapeutic stress of chemotherapy, cancer cells manage to cope and develop adaptations which prime populations to survive in future stress. One adaptation is the modification in the secretome. Chemoresistance is associated with translational reprogramming for increased protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, and vesicle trafficking. This leads to increased production of soluble proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs) involved in autocrine and paracrine signaling processes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these factors are largely altered between the secretomes of chemosensitive and chemoresistant patients. Such factors include cytokines, growth factors, EVs, and EV-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs), which serve to induce invasive molecular, biophysical, and chemoresistant phenotypes in neighboring normal and cancer cells. This review examines the modifications in the secretome of distinct chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell populations and specific secreted factors, which may serve as candidate biomarkers for aggressive and chemoresistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Lee
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Carolina Mejia Peña
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Michelle R. Dawson
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
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7
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Almolakab ZM, El-Nesr KA, Mohamad Hassanin EH, Elkaffas R, Nabil A. Gene polymorphisms of Interleukin 6 (−174 G/C) and transforming growth factor β-1(+915 G/C) in ovarian cancer patients. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the study on hand, we investigated the effect of IL-6 (−174 G/C; rs 1800795) and TGF-β1 (+915G/C; rs 1800471) gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer and their effect on plasma levels. IL-6 (−174 G/C) SNP was analyzed using mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) while TGF-β1 +915G/C (codon 25) SNP was investigated by the sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify IL-6 and TGF-β1 plasma levels in 48 ovarian cancer patients and 48 normal controls.
Results
Regarding IL 6 (−174 G/C), a significant increase in CC and GC+CC genotypes parallel with the C allele was considered as risk factors for ovarian cancer; on the other hand, the G allele was considered as a protective factor for ovarian cancer. TGF-β1 (+915G/C) investigations showed a significant elevation in GC and GC+CC genotypes which can be considered as a risk factor for ovarian cancer. Plasma IL-6 and TGF-β1 were higher in ovarian cancer patients compared with controls. No specific genotype or allele could be responsible for the elevation of TGF-β1 in ovarian cancer patients’ plasma, while the highest significant value for IL6 in subjects carrying GG and CC genotypes in comparison with GC genotype.
Conclusions
This study supports an association of IL6 (−174G/C) and TGF-β1 (+915G/C) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to ovarian cancer.
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Kumar P, Verma V, Mohania D, Gupta S, Babbar AK, Rathi B, Dhanda RS, Yadav M. Leukemia associated RUNX1T1 gene reduced proliferation and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1737-1748. [PMID: 34369622 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RUNX1T1 has been found to be mutated in different cancers such as prostate, lung, colon, and breast cancer. A recent computational study involving the TCGA database of glioma patients found RUNX1T1 as one of the downregulated driver genes associated with poor overall survival of glioma patients. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is upregulated in glioma and has been associated with the severity and drug resistance of glioma. Previously, we have shown that RUNX1T3 degrades HIF1α affecting the proliferation of leukemia cells. We hypothesize that RUNX1T1 might be associated with the growth and development of glioma through the regulation of HIF1α. We have evaluated the expression level of RUNX1T1 at different stages of glioma and the effect of RUNX1T1 on the proliferation and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells in vitro. We further looked at the effect of RUNX1T1 on the expression and stability of HIF1α in vitro. Expression of RUNX1T1 was significantly downregulated, both at RNA and protein levels in glioma samples as studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. While expression of HIF1α was higher in glioma tissues compared with its level in the normal brain. In vitro studies demonstrated that RUNX1T1 interacted with HIF1α and recruited HIF1α modification factor such as PHD2 and GSK3β causing hydroxylation of HIF1α following ubiquitination by FBW7. RUNX1T1 led to the degradation of HIF1α and decreased proliferation/invasiveness of glioblastoma cell lines. Further, RUNX1T1 increased the effectiveness of temozolomide (TMZ), a conventional glioma drug toward glioblastoma cell lines. This study indicates that downregulation of RUNX1T1 might play an important role in the severity and development of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Verma
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Mohania
- Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Avneet K Babbar
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Rathi
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh S Dhanda
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Longboat Explorers AB, SMiLE Incubator, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Saikia S, Pal U, Kalita DJ, Rai AK, Sarma A, Kataki AC, Limaye AM. RUNX1T1, a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer, is co-ordinately expressed with ERα, and regulated by estrogen receptor signalling in breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5399-5409. [PMID: 34264479 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX1T1 is extensively studied in the context of AML1-RUNX1T1 fusion protein in acute myeloid leukemia. Little is known about the function of RUNX1T1 itself, although data on its function and regulation have begun to emerge from clinical, and in vitro studies. It is a putative tumor suppressor, whose expression is altered in a variety of solid tumors. Recently, reduced expression of RUNX1T1 in triple-negative breast tumors, and its influence on prognosis was reported. METHODS AND RESULTS The Kaplan-Meier Plotter online tool was used to study the relationship between RUNX1T1 expression and survival of breast cancer patients. High RUNX1T1 expression was associated with longer overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). RUNX1T1 expression positively and negatively influenced OS of patients with ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast tumors, respectively. It was also associated with prolonged RFS, and DMFS in tamoxifen-treated patients. Expression of RUNX1T1 and ERα mRNA was analyzed in 40 breast tumor samples, and breast cancer cell lines using RT-PCR. TCGA-BRCA data was mined to study the relationship between RUNX1T1 and ERα mRNA expression. ERα-positive breast tumors showed significantly higher RUNX1T1 mRNA expression compared to ERα-negative tumors. RUNX1T1 mRNA expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR in MCF-7 or T47D cells, which were treated with 17β-estradiol, or the ERα agonist PPT, alone or in combination with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Effect of ERα knockdown was also investigated. Results indicate that estrogen downmodulated RUNX1T1 mRNA expression via ERα. CONCLUSION Higher expression of RUNX1T1 in breast tumors is associated with favourable prognosis. RUNX1T1 and ERα show co-ordinated expression in breast tumors, and breast cancer cell lines. Estrogen-ERα signalling downmodulates the expression of RUNX1T1 mRNA in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. In-depth investigations on the interaction between RUNX1T1 and ERα are warranted to unravel the role and relevance of RUNX1T1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Saikia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Uttariya Pal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Deep Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Avdhesh Kumar Rai
- DBT Centre for Molecular Biology and Cancer Research, Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Department of Oncopathology, Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Amal Chandra Kataki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Anil Mukund Limaye
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Importance of Potential New Biomarkers in Patient with Serouse Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061026. [PMID: 34205023 PMCID: PMC8227487 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the gynecological cancer with the highest mortality rate. In our study, we compare a number of proteins from different effector pathways to assess their usefulness in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The tissue expression of the tested proteins was assessed by two methods: qRT-PCR and an immunohistochemical analysis. A significantly higher level of mRNA expression was found in the ovarian cancer group for YAP and TEAD4 (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively). There was no statistical significance in the expression of mRNA for SMAD3, and there was borderline statistical significance for SMAD2 between the groups of ovarian cancer patients and other subgroups of patients with simple cysts and healthy ovarian tissue (p = 0.726 and p = 0.046, respectively). Significantly higher levels of transferrin receptor (CD71), H2A.X, and ADH1A gene expression were found in the ovarian cancer group compared to the control group for YAP, and TEAD4 showed strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in ovarian carcinoma and weak staining in non-carcinoma ovarian samples, ADH1A1 showed strong staining in the cytoplasm of carcinoma sections and a weak positive reaction in the non-carcinoma section, H2A.X showed strong positive nuclear staining in carcinoma sections and moderate positive staining in non-carcinoma samples, and CD71 showed moderate positive staining in carcinoma and non-carcinoma samples. YAP, TEAD4, and ADH1A proteins appear to be promising biomarkers in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
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11
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Jou YC, Lin GL, Lin HY, Huang WH, Chuang YM, Lin RI, Chen PC, Wu SF, Shen CH, Chan MWY. Cyproheptadine, an epigenetic modifier, exhibits anti-tumor activity by reversing the epigenetic silencing of IRF6 in urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 33874979 PMCID: PMC8054409 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the second most common malignancy of the urinary system with high rate of recurrence, UC patients therefore needed to be treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy. Development of novel therapeutics with minimal side-effect is an urgent issue. Our previous study showed that cyproheptadine (CPH), an anti-histamine, exhibited antitumor activity in UC in vitro and in an xenograft model. However, the molecular mechanism of how CPH inhibits tumor progression is not fully understood. METHODS Genes that were upregulated after treatment with CPH in UC cells, were examined by RNA-Seq. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to detect IRF6 expression while COBRA assay and bisulphite pyrosequencing were used to examine promoter methylation of IRF6. Enrichment of total H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 mono-methylation were detected by western blotting. Colony formation and flow cytometry were used to examine proliferation and apoptosis in UC cells overexpressed or depleted with IRF6. Nude mice xenograft model was used to examine the effect of IRF6 in UC. RESULTS Our result showed that several genes, including IRF6 were upregulated after treatment with CPH in BFTC905 UC cells. Further experiments found that treatment of CPH could restore the expression of IRF6 in several other UC cell lines, probably due to promoter hypomethylation and enrichment of H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 mono-methylation. These results may be due to the fact that CPH could alter the activity, but not the expression of epigenetic modifiers. Finally, re-expression of IRF6 in UC inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in an xenograft mouse model, by inducing apoptosis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggested that CPH may be an epigenetic modifier, modulating the expression of the potential tumor suppressor IRF6, in inhibiting tumor growth in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Chin Jou
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ling Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Inn Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Pie-Che Chen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
- Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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12
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Wei KL, Chou JL, Chen YC, Low JT, Lin GL, Liu JL, Chang TS, Chen WM, Hsieh YY, Yan PS, Chuang YM, Lin JMJ, Wu SF, Chiang MK, Li C, Wu CS, Chan MWY. Epigenetic Silencing of STAT3-Targeted miR-193a, by Constitutive Activation of JAK/STAT Signaling, Leads to Tumor Progression Through Overexpression of YWHAZ in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:575667. [PMID: 33718136 PMCID: PMC7951088 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.575667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify genes that were epigenetically silenced by STAT3 in gastric cancer. Methods MBDcap-Seq and expression microarray were performed to identify genes that were epigenetically silenced in AGS gastric cancer cell lines depleted of STAT3. Cell lines and animal experiments were performed to investigate proliferation and metastasis of miR-193a and YWHAZ in gastric cancer cell lines. Bisulfite pyrosequencing and tissue microarray were performed to investigate the promoter methylation of miR-193a and expression of STAT3, YWHAZ in patients with gastritis (n = 8) and gastric cancer (n = 71). Quantitative methylation-specific PCR was performed to examine miR-193a promoter methylation in cell-free DNA of serum samples in gastric cancer patients (n = 19). Results As compared with parental cells, depletion of STAT3 resulted in demethylation of a putative STAT3 target, miR-193a, in AGS gastric cancer cells. Although bisulfite pyrosequencing and epigenetic treatment confirmed that miR-193a was epigenetically silenced in gastric cancer cell lines, ChIP-PCR found that it may be indirectly affected by STAT3. Ectopic expression of miR-193a in AGS cells inhibited proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. Further expression microarray and bioinformatics analysis identified YWHAZ as one of the target of miR-193a in AGS gastric cancer cells, such that depletion of YWHAZ reduced migration in AGS cells, while its overexpression increased invasion in MKN45 cells in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed that promoter methylation of miR-193a was significantly higher in human gastric cancer tissues (n = 11) as compared to gastritis (n = 8, p < 0.05). Patients infected with H. pylori showed a significantly higher miR-193a methylation than those without H. pylori infection (p < 0.05). Tissue microarray also showed a positive trend between STAT3 and YWHAZ expression in gastric cancer patients (n = 60). Patients with serum miR-193a methylation was associated with shorter overall survival than those without methylation (p < 0.05). Conclusions Constitutive activation of JAK/STAT signaling may confer epigenetic silencing of the STAT3 indirect target and tumor suppressor microRNA, miR-193a in gastric cancer. Transcriptional suppression of miR-193a may led to overexpression of YWHAZ resulting in tumor progression. Targeted inhibition of STAT3 may be a novel therapeutic strategy against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Liang Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Liang Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Instrument Center, Department of Research and Development, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Ting Low
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ling Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lan Liu
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pearlly S Yan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jora M J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ko Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shyong Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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13
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Suen JL, Wu TT, Li YH, Lee CL, Kuo FC, Yan PS, Wu CF, Tran M, Wang CJ, Hung CH, Wu MT, Chan MWY, Huang SK. Environmental Factor-Mediated Transgenerational Inheritance of Igf2r Hypomethylation and Pulmonary Allergic Response via Targeting Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603831. [PMID: 33424850 PMCID: PMC7786300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origin of allergic diseases has been suggested, but the molecular basis remains enigmatic. Exposure to environmental factors, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP; a common plasticizer), is suggested to be associated with increased childhood allergic asthma, but the causal relationship and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. This study explored the transgenerational mechanism of DEHP on allergic asthma and dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis through epigenetic modification. In a murine model, ancestral exposure of C57BL/6 mice to low-dose DEHP led to trans-generational promoter hypomethylation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r), concomitant with enhanced Igf2r expression and increased apoptosis prominently in CD8α+ DCs upon ligand stimulation, with consequent reduction in their IL-12 secretion and subsequent T cell-derived IFN-γ, thereby promoting a default Th2-associated pulmonary allergic response. Increased apoptosis was also noted in circulating IGF2Rhigh human DCs. Further, in human placenta, the methylation level at the orthologous IGF2R promoter region was shown to be inversely correlated with the level of maternal DEHP intake. These results support the importance of ancestral phthalate exposure in conferring the trans-generational risk of allergic phenotypes, featuring hypo-methylation of the IGF2R gene and dysregulated DC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ting Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Hyuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lai Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Kuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pearlly S. Yan
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mita Tran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael W. Y. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Sun T, Yang P, Gao Y. Long non-coding RNA EPB41L4A-AS2 suppresses progression of ovarian cancer by sequestering microRNA-103a to upregulate transcription factor RUNX1T1. Exp Physiol 2019; 105:75-87. [PMID: 31645082 DOI: 10.1113/ep087847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the specific mechanism by which EPB41L4A-AS2 exerts a regulatory role in ovarian cancer? What is the main finding and its importance? Overexpressed EPB41L4A-AS2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer by upregulating RUNX1T1 through downregulation of miR-103a. This study provides new insight into the role of EPB41L4A-AS2 in ovarian cancer. ABSTRACT Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant tumour with a poor prognosis. Emerging evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators that can be used for prognosis, diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancers. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate the possible regulatory role of the lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS2 in the progression of OC. Initially, EPB41L4A-AS2 expression was determined in OC tissues and matched paracancerous tissues. Then the RNA crosstalk among EPB41L4A-AS2, miR-103a and RUNX1T1 was determined. Subsequently, the expression of EPB41L4A-AS2, miR-103a and RUNX1T1 was up- or downregulated by exogenous transfection in SK-OV-3 cells to investigate their roles in the proliferation, migration, colony formation and invasion of OC cells. Further, the tumour formation ability of nude mice was tested in vivo. EPB41L4A-AS2 was poorly expressed in OC tissues and cells, and microarray data revealed upregulation of miR-103a and downregulation of RUNX1T1 in OC. RUNX1T1 was a target gene of miR-103a and EPB41L4A-AS2 bound to miR-103a. Moreover, EPB41L4A-AS2 increased RUNX1T1 expression by decreasing miR-103a expression. EPB41L4A-AS2-overexpressing SK-OV-3 cells exhibited inhibited proliferation, migration, colony formation and invasion, which was rescued by overexpression of miR-103a or silencing of RUNX1T1. Besides, overexpressed EPB41L4A-AS2 repressed tumour formation in vivo. Altogether, the current study demonstrates that overexpressed EPB41L4A-AS2 can potentially bind to miR-103a to promote the expression of RUNX1T1, thereby inhibiting OC, highlighting the potential of EPB41L4A-AS2 as a target for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juancheng People's Hospital, Heze, 274600, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shandong Province, Zibo, 255029, P. R. China
| | - Yunbin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272011, P. R. China
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15
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Singh A, Gupta S, Sachan M. Epigenetic Biomarkers in the Management of Ovarian Cancer: Current Prospectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:182. [PMID: 31608277 PMCID: PMC6761254 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) causes significant morbidity and mortality as neither detection nor screening of OC is currently feasible at an early stage. Difficulty to promptly diagnose OC in its early stage remains challenging due to non-specific symptoms in the early-stage of the disease, their presentation at an advanced stage and poor survival. Therefore, improved detection methods are urgently needed. In this article, we summarize the potential clinical utility of epigenetic signatures like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA dysregulation, which play important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and discuss its application in development of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. Molecular characterization of epigenetic modification (methylation) in circulating cell free tumor DNA in body fluids offers novel, non-invasive approach for identification of potential promising cancer biomarkers, which can be performed at multiple time points and probably better reflects the prevailing molecular profile of cancer. Current status of epigenetic research in diagnosis of early OC and its management are discussed here with main focus on potential diagnostic biomarkers in tissue and body fluids. Rapid and point of care diagnostic applications of DNA methylation in liquid biopsy has been precluded as a result of cumbersome sample preparation with complicated conventional methods of isolation. New technologies which allow rapid identification of methylation signatures directly from blood will facilitate sample-to answer solutions thereby enabling next-generation point of care molecular diagnostics. To date, not a single epigenetic biomarker which could accurately detect ovarian cancer at an early stage in either tissue or body fluid has been reported. Taken together, the methodological drawbacks, heterogeneity associated with ovarian cancer and non-validation of the clinical utility of reported potential biomarkers in larger ovarian cancer populations has impeded the transition of epigenetic biomarkers from lab to clinical settings. Until addressed, clinical implementation as a diagnostic measure is a far way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
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16
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Cheng FHC, Lin HY, Hwang TW, Chen YC, Huang RL, Chang CB, Yang W, Lin RI, Lin CW, Chen GCW, Mai SY, Lin JMJ, Chuang YM, Chou JL, Kuo LW, Li C, Cheng ASL, Lai HC, Wu SF, Tsai JC, Chan MWY. E2F6 functions as a competing endogenous RNA, and transcriptional repressor, to promote ovarian cancer stemness. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1085-1095. [PMID: 30582655 PMCID: PMC6398890 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer of the female reproductive system. In that regard, several epidemiological studies suggest that long‐term exposure to estrogen could increase ovarian cancer risk, although its precise role remains controversial. To decipher a mechanism for this, we previously generated a mathematical model of how estrogen‐mediated upregulation of the transcription factor, E2F6, upregulates the ovarian cancer stem/initiating cell marker, c‐Kit, by epigenetic silencing the tumor suppressor miR‐193a, and a competing endogenous (ceRNA) mechanism. In this study, we tested that previous mathematical model, showing that estrogen treatment of immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells upregulated both E2F6 and c‐KIT, but downregulated miR‐193a. Luciferase assays further confirmed that microRNA‐193a targets both E2F6 and c‐Kit. Interestingly, ChIP‐PCR and bisulphite pyrosequencing showed that E2F6 also epigenetically suppresses miR‐193a, through recruitment of EZH2, and by a complex ceRNA mechanism in ovarian cancer cell lines. Importantly, cell line and animal experiments both confirmed that E2F6 promotes ovarian cancer stemness, whereas E2F6 or EZH2 depletion derepressed miR‐193a, which opposes cancer stemness, by alleviating DNA methylation and repressive chromatin. Finally, 118 ovarian cancer patients with miR‐193a promoter hypermethylation had poorer survival than those without hypermethylation. These results suggest that an estrogen‐mediated E2F6 ceRNA network epigenetically and competitively inhibits microRNA‐193a activity, promoting ovarian cancer stemness and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H C Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzy-Wei Hwang
- Department of Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Bin Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ru-Inn Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Gary C W Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Mai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jora M J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Liang Chou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Je-Chiang Tsai
- Department of Mathematics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Liang A, Zhou B, Sun W. Integrated genomic characterization of cancer genes in glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:90. [PMID: 29046615 PMCID: PMC5640938 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancers are caused by the acquisition of somatic mutations. Numerous efforts have been made to characterize the key driver genes and pathways in glioma, however, the etiology of glioma is still not completely known. This study was implemented to characterize driver genes in glioma independently of somatic mutation frequencies. METHODS Driver genes and pathways were predicted by OncodriveCLUST, OncodriveFM, Icages, Drgap and Dendrix in glioma using 31,958 somatic mutations from TCGA, followed by an integrative characterization of driver genes. RESULTS Overall, 685 driver genes and 215 driver pathways were determined by the five tools. FSTL5, HCN1, TMEM132D, TRHDE and KRT222 showed the strongest expression correlation with other genes in the co-expression network of glioma tissues. ST6GAL2, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, TP53 and EGFR are at the core of the protein-protein interaction network. 133 driver genes were up-regulated and associated to poor prognosis, 43 driver genes were down-regulated and related to favorable clinical outcome in glioma patients. The driver genes such as MSH6 and RUNX1T1 might serve as candidate prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in glioma. CONCLUSIONS The set of new cancer genes and pathways sheds insights into the tumorigenesis of glioma and paves the way for developing driver gene-targeted therapy and prognostic biomarkers in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 92, Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 92, Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 92, Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province China
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18
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Wu CS, Wei KL, Chou JL, Lu CK, Hsieh CC, Lin JMJ, Deng YF, Hsu WT, Wang HMD, Leung CH, Ma DL, Li C, Chan MWY. Aberrant JAK/STAT Signaling Suppresses TFF1 and TFF2 through Epigenetic Silencing of GATA6 in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091467. [PMID: 27598141 PMCID: PMC5037745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling is crucial to the development of gastric cancer. In this study, we examined the role of STAT3 in the expression and methylation of its targets in gastric cancer patients. Results from RNA sequencing identified an inverse correlation between the expression of STAT3 and GATA6 in 23 pairs of gastric cancer patient samples. We discovered that the expression of GATA6 is epigenetically silenced through promoter methylation in gastric cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the inhibition of STAT3 using a novel STAT3 inhibitor restored the expression of GATA6 and its targets, trefoil factors 1 and 2 (TFF1/2). Moreover, disruption of STAT3 binding to GATA6 promoter by small hairpin RNA restored GATA6 expression in AGS cells. A clinically significant correlation was also observed between the expression of GATA6 and TFF1/2 among tissue samples from 60 gastric cancer patients. Finally, bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed GATA6 methylation in 65% (39/60) of the patients, and those with higher GATA6 methylation tended to have shorter overall survival. In conclusion, we demonstrated that aberrant JAK/STAT signaling suppresses TFF1/2 partially through the epigenetic silencing of GATA6. Therapeutic intervention of STAT3 in reversing the epigenetic status of GATA6 could benefit the treatment of gastric cancer and is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shyong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Liang Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Liang Chou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Jora M J Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Fang Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chin Li
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
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Wang ZQ, Faddaoui A, Bachvarova M, Plante M, Gregoire J, Renaud MC, Sebastianelli A, Guillemette C, Gobeil S, Macdonald E, Vanderhyden B, Bachvarov D. BCAT1 expression associates with ovarian cancer progression: possible implications in altered disease metabolism. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31522-43. [PMID: 26372729 PMCID: PMC4741622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have identified the branched chain amino-acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) gene as notably hypomethylated in low-malignant potential (LMP) and high-grade (HG) serous epithelial ovarian tumors, compared to normal ovarian tissues. Here we show that BCAT1 is strongly overexpressed in both LMP and HG serous epithelial ovarian tumors, which probably correlates with its hypomethylated status. Knockdown of the BCAT1 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells led to sharp decrease of cell proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibited cell cycle progression. BCAT1 silencing was associated with the suppression of numerous genes and pathways known previously to be implicated in ovarian tumorigenesis, and the induction of some tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Moreover, BCAT1 suppression resulted in downregulation of numerous genes implicated in lipid production and protein synthesis, suggesting its important role in controlling EOC metabolism. Further metabolomic analyses were indicative for significant depletion of most amino acids and different phospho- and sphingolipids following BCAT1 knockdown. Finally, BCAT1 suppression led to significantly prolonged survival time in xenograft model of advanced peritoneal EOC. Taken together, our findings provide new insights about the functional role of BCAT1 in ovarian carcinogenesis and identify this transaminase as a novel EOC biomarker and putative EOC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec PQ, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec PQ, Canada
| | - Adnen Faddaoui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec PQ, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec PQ, Canada
| | | | - Marie Plante
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec PQ, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Québec PQ, Canada
| | - Jean Gregoire
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec PQ, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Québec PQ, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Renaud
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec PQ, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Québec PQ, Canada
| | - Alexandra Sebastianelli
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec PQ, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Québec PQ, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec PQ, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec PQ, Canada
| | - Stéphane Gobeil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec PQ, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec PQ, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Macdonald
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dimcho Bachvarov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec PQ, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec PQ, Canada
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20
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Epigenetic silencing of the NR4A3 tumor suppressor, by aberrant JAK/STAT signaling, predicts prognosis in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31690. [PMID: 27528092 PMCID: PMC4985659 DOI: 10.1038/srep31690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While aberrant JAK/STAT signaling is crucial to the development of gastric cancer (GC), its effects on epigenetic alterations of its transcriptional targets remains unclear. In this study, by expression microarrays coupled with bioinformatic analyses, we identified a putative STAT3 target gene, NR4A3 that was downregulated in MKN28 GC daughter cells overexpressing a constitutively activated STAT3 mutant (S16), as compared to an empty vector control (C9). Bisulphite pyrosequencing and demethylation treatment showed that NR4A3 was epigenetically silenced by promoter DNA methylation in S16 and other GC cell lines including AGS cells, showing constitutive activation of STAT3. Subsequent experiments revealed that NR4A3 promoter binding by STAT3 might repress its transcription. Long-term depletion of STAT3 derepressed NR4A3 expression, by promoter demethylation, in AGS GC cells. NR4A3 re-expression in GC cell lines sensitized the cells to cisplatin, and inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, in an animal model. Clinically, GC patients with high NR4A3 methylation, or lower NR4A3 protein expression, had significantly shorter overall survival. Intriguingly, STAT3 activation significantly associated only with NR4A3 methylation in low-stage patient samples. Taken together, aberrant JAK/STAT3 signaling epigenetically silences a potential tumor suppressor, NR4A3, in gastric cancer, plausibly representing a reliable biomarker for gastric cancer prognosis.
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21
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Regalo G, Förster S, Resende C, Bauer B, Fleige B, Kemmner W, Schlag PM, Meyer TF, Machado JC, Leutz A. C/EBPβ regulates homeostatic and oncogenic gastric cell proliferation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1385-1395. [PMID: 27522676 PMCID: PMC5143359 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Cancer of the stomach is among the leading causes of death from cancer worldwide. The transcription factor C/EBPβ is frequently overexpressed in gastric cancer and associated with the suppression of the differentiation marker TFF1. We show that the murine C/EBPβ knockout stomach displays unbalanced homeostasis and reduced cell proliferation and that tumorigenesis of human gastric cancer xenograft is inhibited by knockdown of C/EBPβ. Cross-species comparison of gene expression profiles between C/EBPβ-deficient murine stomach and human gastric cancer revealed a subset of tumors with a C/EBPβ signature. Within this signature, the RUNX1t1 tumor suppressor transcript was down-regulated in 38 % of gastric tumor samples. The RUNX1t1 promoter was frequently hypermethylated and ectopic expression of RUNX1t1 in gastric cancer cells inhibited proliferation and enhanced TFF1 expression. These data suggest that the tumor suppressor activity of both RUNX1t1 and TFF1 are mechanistically connected to C/EBPβ and that cross-regulation between C/EBPβ-RUNX1t1-TFF1 plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Key message C/EBPβ controls proliferation and differentiation balance in the stomach. Homeostatic differentiation/proliferation balance is altered in gastric cancer. RUNX1t1 is a C/EBPβ-associated tumor suppressor. RUNX1t1 negatively regulates C/EBPβ pro-oncogenic functions.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00109-016-1447-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo Regalo
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susann Förster
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Resende
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bianca Bauer
- Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Fleige
- Institut für Gewebediagnostik Berlin am MVZ des HELIOS Klinikum, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmner
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter M Schlag
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Centers, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - José C Machado
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Ruan P, Shen J, Santella RM, Zhou S, Wang S. NEpiC: a network-assisted algorithm for epigenetic studies using mean and variance combined signals. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:e134. [PMID: 27302130 PMCID: PMC5027497 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in many biological processes. Existing epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have successfully identified aberrantly methylated genes in many diseases and disorders with most studies focusing on analysing methylation sites one at a time. Incorporating prior biological information such as biological networks has been proven to be powerful in identifying disease-associated genes in both gene expression studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) but has been under studied in EWAS. Although recent studies have noticed that there are differences in methylation variation in different groups, only a few existing methods consider variance signals in DNA methylation studies. Here, we present a network-assisted algorithm, NEpiC, that combines both mean and variance signals in searching for differentially methylated sub-networks using the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. In simulation studies, we demonstrate the power gain from using both the prior biological information and variance signals compared to using either of the two or neither information. Applications to several DNA methylation datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project and DNA methylation data on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) suggest that the proposed NEpiC algorithm identifies more cancer-related genes and generates better replication results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Ruan
- School of Computer Science and Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shuigeng Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Grzincic EM, Yang JA, Drnevich J, Falagan-Lotsch P, Murphy CJ. Global transcriptomic analysis of model human cell lines exposed to surface-modified gold nanoparticles: the effect of surface chemistry. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1349-62. [PMID: 25491924 PMCID: PMC4411964 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are attractive for biomedical applications not only for their remarkable physical properties, but also for the ease of which their surface chemistry can be manipulated. Many applications involve functionalization of the Au NP surface in order to improve biocompatibility, attach targeting ligands or carry drugs. However, changes in cells exposed to Au NPs of different surface chemistries have been observed, and little is known about how Au NPs and their surface coatings may impact cellular gene expression. The gene expression of two model human cell lines, human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and prostate cancer cells (PC3) was interrogated by microarray analysis of over 14,000 human genes. The cell lines were exposed to four differently functionalized Au NPs: citrate, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and lipid coatings combined with alkanethiols or PAH. Gene functional annotation categories and weighted gene correlation network analysis were used in order to connect gene expression changes to common cellular functions and to elucidate expression patterns between Au NP samples. Coated Au NPs affect genes implicated in proliferation, angiogenesis, and metabolism in HDF cells, and inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation apoptosis regulation, survival and invasion in PC3 cells. Subtle changes in surface chemistry, such as the initial net charge, lability of the ligand, and underlying layers greatly influence the degree of expression change and the type of cellular pathway affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Grzincic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - J. A. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - J. Drnevich
- High Performance Biological Computing Group, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - P. Falagan-Lotsch
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Division of Bioengineering, Board of Life Sciences Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25250-929, Brazil
| | - C. J. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
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24
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Chou JL, Huang RL, Shay J, Chen LY, Lin SJ, Yan PS, Chao WT, Lai YH, Lai YL, Chao TK, Lee CI, Tai CK, Wu SF, Nephew KP, Huang THM, Lai HC, Chan MWY. Hypermethylation of the TGF-β target, ABCA1 is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:1. [PMID: 25628764 PMCID: PMC4307187 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-014-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dysregulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a crucial role in ovarian carcinogenesis and in maintaining cancer stem cell properties. Classified as a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family, ABCA1 was previously identified by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation microarray (mDIP-Chip) to be methylated in ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 and CP70. By microarray, it was also found to be upregulated in immortalized ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE) cells following TGF-β treatment. Thus, we hypothesized that ABCA1 may be involved in ovarian cancer and its initiation. Results We first compared the expression level of ABCA1 in IOSE cells and a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and found that ABCA1 was expressed in HeyC2, SKOV3, MCP3, and MCP2 ovarian cancer cell lines but downregulated in A2780 and CP70 ovarian cancer cell lines. The reduced expression of ABCA1 in A2780 and CP70 cells was associated with promoter hypermethylation, as demonstrated by bisulfite pyro-sequencing. We also found that knockdown of ABCA1 increased the cholesterol level and promoted cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis of ABCA1 methylation in 76 ovarian cancer patient samples demonstrated that patients with higher ABCA1 methylation are associated with high stage (P = 0.0131) and grade (P = 0.0137). Kaplan-Meier analysis also found that patients with higher levels of methylation of ABCA1 have shorter overall survival (P = 0.019). Furthermore, tissue microarray using 55 ovarian cancer patient samples revealed that patients with a lower level of ABCA1 expression are associated with shorter progress-free survival (P = 0.038). Conclusions ABCA1 may be a tumor suppressor and is hypermethylated in a subset of ovarian cancer patients. Hypermethylation of ABCA1 is associated with poor prognosis in these patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-014-0036-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Liang Chou
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan ; Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No 291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561 Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline Shay
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jie Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Pearlly S Yan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Wei-Ting Chao
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Kuang Chao
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-I Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kuo Tai
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Tim H-M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No 291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561 Taiwan ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University and Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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25
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Yeh CM, Shay J, Zeng TC, Chou JL, Huang THM, Lai HC, Chan MWY. Epigenetic silencing of ARNTL, a circadian gene and potential tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2101-7. [PMID: 25175925 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death and the most deadly gynecological malignancy in women. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in regulating gene transcription. Specifically, aberrant promoter hypermethylation has been implicated as a hallmark of cancer. In order to identify genes that are differentially methylated in ovarian cancer, we performed meDIP-chip in various ovarian cancer cell lines using Agilent 244K CpG island microarray. One of the targets, ARNTL which is a core component of the circadian clock is methylated in a sub-set of ovarian cancer cell lines. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) confirmed the results of the microarray. Additional analysis using ChIP-PCR revealed that promoter of ARNTL is enriched with the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 in CP70 and MCP2 ovarian cancer cells. Treatment with the EZH2 inhibitor (GSK126) significantly restored ARNTL expression in these cells (CP70 and MCP2). Further functional analysis demonstrated that overexpression of ARNTL inhibited cell growth and enhanced chemosensitivity of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells. Finally, overexpression of ARNTL restored the rhythmic activity of c-MYC in ovarian cancer cells. These results suggested that ARNTL may be a tumor suppressor and is epigenetically silenced in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Yeh
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jacqueline Shay
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Chuan Zeng
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jian-Liang Chou
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tim H-M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
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26
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Guo W, Zhang M, Shen S, Guo Y, Kuang G, Yang Z, Dong Z. Aberrant methylation and decreased expression of the TGF-β/Smad target gene FBXO32 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2014; 120:2412-23. [PMID: 24798237 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND F-box protein 32 (FBXO32) (also known as atrogin-1), a member of the F-box protein family, has recently been identified as a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad target gene involved in regulating cell survival, and it may be transcriptionally silenced by epigenetic mechanisms in some kinds of carcinomas, yet its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been defined. METHODS The role of FBXO32 in ESCC and the correlation of FBXO32 methylation with a series of pathologic parameters were studied in a large cohort of patients with ESCC. RESULTS Decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein expression of FBXO32 were observed in esophageal cancer cell lines, and the silencing of FBXO32 could be reversed by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or trichostatin A in the TE13 cell line. In addition, aberrant methylation of FBXO32 and histone deacetylation was capable of suppressing FBXO32 mRNA and protein expression in TE13 cells. Decreased mRNA and protein expression of FBXO32 was observed in ESCC tumor tissues and was associated with FBXO32 promoter methylation status. A positive correlation between FBXO32 and phosphorylated SMAD family members 2 and 3 expression and Smad4 protein expression also was observed in clinical specimens. FBXO32 methylation status and protein expression were independently associated with survival in patients with ESCC. CONCLUSIONS FBXO32 may be a functional tumor suppressor. Its inactivation through promoter methylation could play an important role in ESCC carcinogenesis, and reactivation of the FBXO32 gene may have therapeutic potential and might be used as a prognostic marker for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Wain KE, Ellingson MS, McDonald J, Gammon A, Roberts M, Pichurin P, Winship I, Riegert-Johnson DL, Weitzel JN, Lindor NM. Appreciating the broad clinical features of SMAD4 mutation carriers: a multicenter chart review. Genet Med 2014; 16:588-93. [PMID: 24525918 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function SMAD4 mutations are associated with juvenile polyposis syndrome and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Some carriers exhibit symptoms of both conditions, leading to juvenile polyposis-hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome. Three families have been reported with connective tissue abnormalities. To better understand the spectrum and extent of clinical findings in SMAD4 carriers, medical records of 34 patients (20 families) from five clinical practices were reviewed. Twenty-one percent of the patients (7/34) had features suggesting a connective tissue defect: enlarged aortic root (n = 3), aortic and mitral insufficiency (n = 2), aortic dissection (n = 1), retinal detachment (n = 1), brain aneurysms (n = 1), and lax skin and joints (n = 1). Juvenile polyposis-specific findings were almost uniformly present but variable. Ninety-seven percent of the patients had colon polyps that were generally pan-colonic and of variable histology and number. Forty-eight percent of the patients (15/31) had extensive gastric polyposis. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia features, including epistaxis (19/31, 61%), mucocutaneous telangiectases (15/31, 48%), liver arteriovenous malformation (6/16, 38%), brain arteriovenous malformation (1/26, 4%), pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (9/17, 53%), and intrapulmonary shunting (14/23, 61%), were documented in 76% of the patients. SMAD4 carriers should be managed for juvenile polyposis and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia because symptoms of both conditions are likely yet unpredictable. Connective tissue abnormalities are an emerging component of juvenile polyposis-hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome, and larger studies are needed to understand these manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Wain
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Jamie McDonald
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda Gammon
- High Risk Cancer Clinics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Pavel Pichurin
- Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ingrid Winship
- 1] Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia [2] Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
The influence of the microenvironment on tumour progression is becoming clearer. In this Review we address the role of an essential signalling pathway, that of transforming growth factor-β, in the regulation of components of the tumour microenvironment and how this contributes to tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pickup
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Biology, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 691 Preston Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Yuan H, Reddy MA, Sun G, Lanting L, Wang M, Kato M, Natarajan R. Involvement of p300/CBP and epigenetic histone acetylation in TGF-β1-mediated gene transcription in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F601-13. [PMID: 23235480 PMCID: PMC3602713 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00523.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and p21 in renal mesangial cells (MCs) plays a major role in glomerulosclerosis and hypertrophy, key events in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. However, the involvement of histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) that regulate epigenetic histone lysine acetylation, and their interaction with TGF-β1-responsive transcription factors, are not clear. We evaluated the roles of histone acetylation, specific HATs, and HDACs in TGF-β1-induced gene expression in rat mesangial cells (RMCs) and in glomeruli from diabetic mice. Overexpression of HATs CREB binding protein (CBP) or p300, but not p300/CBP-activating factor, significantly enhanced TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 and p21 mRNA levels as well as transactivation of their promoters in RMCs. Conversely, they were significantly attenuated by HAT domain mutants of CBP and p300 or overexpression of HDAC-1 and HDAC-5. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that TGF-β1 treatment led to a time-dependent enrichment of histone H3-lysine9/14-acetylation (H3K9/14Ac) and p300/CBP occupancies around Smad and Sp1 binding sites at the PAI-1 and p21 promoters. TGF-β1 also enhanced the interaction of p300 with Smad2/3 and Sp1 and increased Smad2/3 acetylation. High glucose-treated RMCs exhibited increased PAI-1 and p21 levels, and promoter H3K9/14Ac, which were blocked by TGF-β1 antibodies. Furthermore, increased PAI-1 and p21 expression was associated with elevated promoter H3K9/14Ac levels in glomeruli from diabetic mice. Thus TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 and p21 expression involves interaction of p300/CBP with Smads and Sp1, and increased promoter access via p300/CBP-induced H3K9/14Ac. This in turn can augment glomerular dysfunction linked to diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Dept. of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Cheng ASL, Li MS, Kang W, Cheng VY, Chou JL, Lau SS, Go MY, Lee CC, Ling TK, Ng EK, Yu J, Huang TH, To KF, Chan MW, Sung JJY, Chan FKL. Helicobacter pylori causes epigenetic dysregulation of FOXD3 to promote gastric carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:122-133.e9. [PMID: 23058321 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Deregulation of forkhead box (Fox) proteins, an evolutionarily conserved family of transcriptional regulators, leads to tumorigenesis. Little is known about their regulation or functions in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Promoter hypermethylation occurs during Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. We investigated whether the deregulated genes contribute to gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS We used integrative genome-wide scans to identify concomitant hypermethylated genes in mice infected with H pylori and human gastric cancer samples. We also analyzed epigenetic gene silencing in gastric tissues from patients with H pylori infection and gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, gastric tumors, or without disease (controls). Target genes were identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation microarrays and expression and luciferase reporter analyses. RESULTS Methylation profile analyses identified the promoter of FOXD3 as the only genomic region with increased methylation in mice and humans during progression of H pylori-associated gastric tumors. FOXD3 methylation also correlated with shorter survival times of patients with gastric cancer. Genome demethylation reactivated FOXD3 expression in gastric cancer cell lines. Transgenic overexpression of FOXD3 significantly inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and reduced growth of xenograft tumors in mice, at least partially, by promoting tumor cell apoptosis. FOXD3 bound directly to the promoters of, and activated transcription of, genes encoding the cell death regulators CYFIP2 and RARB. Levels of FOXD3, CYFIP2, and RARB messenger RNAs were reduced in human gastric tumor samples, compared with control tissues. CONCLUSIONS FOXD3-mediated transcriptional control of tumor suppressors is deregulated by H pylori infection-induced hypermethylation; this could perturb the balance between cell death and survival. These findings identify a pathway by which epigenetic changes affect gastric tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred S L Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Kubiczkova L, Sedlarikova L, Hajek R, Sevcikova S. TGF-β - an excellent servant but a bad master. J Transl Med 2012; 10:183. [PMID: 22943793 PMCID: PMC3494542 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF-β) family of growth factors controls an immense number of cellular responses and figures prominently in development and homeostasis of most human tissues. Work over the past decades has revealed significant insight into the TGF-β signal transduction network, such as activation of serine/threonine receptors through ligand binding, activation of SMAD proteins through phosphorylation, regulation of target genes expression in association with DNA-binding partners and regulation of SMAD activity and degradation. Disruption of the TGF-β pathway has been implicated in many human diseases, including solid and hematopoietic tumors. As a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor; however in tumor cells, TGF-β looses anti-proliferative response and become an oncogenic factor. This article reviews current understanding of TGF-β signaling and different mechanisms that lead to its impairment in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kubiczkova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Ni X, Liu S, Li Z, Hodges SE, Fisher WE, Brunicardi FC, Gibbs RA, Gingras MC, Li M. Genomic sequencing of key genes in mouse pancreatic cancer cells. Curr Mol Med 2012; 12:331-41. [PMID: 22208613 DOI: 10.2174/156652412799218868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a multiple genetic disorder with many mutations identified during the progression. Two mouse pancreatic cancer cell lines were established which showed different phenotype in vivo: a non-metastatic cell line, Panc02, and a highly metastatic cell line, Panc02-H7, a derivative of Panc02. In order to investigate whether the genetic mutations of key genes in pancreatic cancer such as KRAS, TP53 (p53), CDKN2A (p16), SMAD4, ZIP4, and PDX-1 contribute to the phenotypic difference of these two mouse pancreatic cancer cells, we sequenced the exonic regions of these key genes in both cell lines and in the normal syngeneic mouse pancreas and compared them with the reference mouse genome sequence. The exons of KRAS, SMAD4, CDKN2A (p16), TP53 (p53), ZIP4, and PDX-1 genes were amplified and the genotype of these genes was determined by Sanger sequencing. The sequences were analyzed with Sequencher software. A mutation in SMAD4 was identified in both cell lines. This homozygote G to T mutation in the first position of codon 174 (GAA) generated a stop codon resulting in the translation of a truncated protein. Further functional analysis indicates that different TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathways were involved in those two mouse cell lines, which may explain the phonotypic difference between the two cells. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in KRAS gene (TAT to TAC at codon 32) was also identified in the normal pancreas DNA of the syngenic mouse and in both derived tumoral Panc02 and Panc02-H7 cells. No mutation or SNP was found in CDKN2A (p16), TP53 (p53), ZIP4, and PDX-1 genes in these two cell lines. The absence of mutations in genes such as KRAS, TP53, and CDKN2A, which are considered as key genes in the development of human pancreatic cancer suggests that SMAD4 might play a central and decisive role in mouse pancreatic cancer. These results also suggest that other mechanisms are involved in the substantial phenotypic difference between these two mouse pancreatic cancer cell lines. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the molecular pathways that lead to the aggressive metastatic potential of Panc02-H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Hiss D. Optimizing molecular-targeted therapies in ovarian cancer: the renewed surge of interest in ovarian cancer biomarkers and cell signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:737981. [PMID: 22481932 PMCID: PMC3306947 DOI: 10.1155/2012/737981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of ovarian cancer encompass the development of resistance, disease recurrence and poor prognosis. Ovarian cancer cells express gene signatures which pose significant challenges for cancer drug development, therapeutics, prevention and management. Despite enhancements in contemporary tumor debulking surgery, tentative combination regimens and abdominal radiation which can achieve beneficial response rates, the majority of ovarian cancer patients not only experience adverse effects, but also eventually relapse. Therefore, additional therapeutic possibilities need to be explored to minimize adverse events and prolong progression-free and overall response rates in ovarian cancer patients. Currently, a revival in cancer drug discovery is devoted to identifying diagnostic and prognostic ovarian cancer biomarkers. However, the sensitivity and reliability of such biomarkers may be complicated by mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, diverse genetic risk factors, unidentified initiation and progression elements, molecular tumor heterogeneity and disease staging. There is thus a dire need to expand existing ovarian cancer therapies with broad-spectrum and individualized molecular targeted approaches. The aim of this review is to profile recent developments in our understanding of the interrelationships among selected ovarian tumor biomarkers, heterogeneous expression signatures and related molecular signal transduction pathways, and their translation into more efficacious targeted treatment rationales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donavon Hiss
- Molecular Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical BioSciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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