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Ding K, Barretto EC, Johnston M, Lee B, Gallo M, Grewal SS. Transcriptome analysis of FOXO-dependent hypoxia gene expression identifies Hipk as a regulator of low oxygen tolerance in Drosophila. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:6749561. [PMID: 36200850 PMCID: PMC9713431 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
When exposed to low oxygen or hypoxia, animals must alter their metabolism and physiology to ensure proper cell-, tissue-, and whole-body level adaptations to their hypoxic environment. These alterations often involve changes in gene expression. While extensive work has emphasized the importance of the HIF-1 alpha transcription factor on controlling hypoxia gene expression, less is known about other transcriptional mechanisms. We previously identified the transcription factor FOXO as a regulator of hypoxia tolerance in Drosophila larvae and adults. Here, we use an RNA-sequencing approach to identify FOXO-dependent changes in gene expression that are associated with these tolerance effects. We found that hypoxia altered the expression of over 2,000 genes and that ∼40% of these gene expression changes required FOXO. We discovered that hypoxia exposure led to a FOXO-dependent increase in genes involved in cell signaling, such as kinases, GTPase regulators, and regulators of the Hippo/Yorkie pathway. Among these, we identified homeodomain-interacting protein kinase as being required for hypoxia survival. We also found that hypoxia suppresses the expression of genes involved in ribosome synthesis and egg production, and we showed that hypoxia suppresses tRNA synthesis and mRNA translation and reduces female fecundity. Among the downregulated genes, we discovered that FOXO was required for the suppression of many ribosomal protein genes and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, pointing to a role for FOXO in limiting energetically costly processes such as protein synthesis and mitochondrial activity upon hypoxic stress. This work uncovers a widespread role for FOXO in mediating hypoxia changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Ding
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Barretto
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael Johnston
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Byoungchun Lee
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Savraj S Grewal
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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2
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Qiu S, Xiao C, Robertson RM. Knockdown of a Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channel Impairs Locomotor Activity and Recovery From Hypoxia in Adult Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2022; 13:852919. [PMID: 35530504 PMCID: PMC9075734 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.852919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) modulates the speed of recovery from anoxia in adult Drosophila and mediates hypoxia-related behaviors in larvae. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNG) and cGMP-activated protein kinase (PKG) are two cGMP downstream targets. PKG is involved in behavioral tolerance to hypoxia and anoxia in adults, however little is known about a role for CNG channels. We used a CNGL (CNG-like) mutant with reduced CNGL transcripts to investigate the contribution of CNGL to the hypoxia response. CNGL mutants had reduced locomotor activity under normoxia. A shorter distance travelled in a standard locomotor assay was due to a slower walking speed and more frequent stops. In control flies, hypoxia immediately reduced path length per minute. Flies took 30–40 min in normoxia for >90% recovery of path length per minute from 15 min hypoxia. CNGL mutants had impaired recovery from hypoxia; 40 min for ∼10% recovery of walking speed. The effects of CNGL mutation on locomotor activity and recovery from hypoxia were recapitulated by pan-neuronal CNGL knockdown. Genetic manipulation to increase cGMP in the CNGL mutants increased locomotor activity under normoxia and eliminated the impairment of recovery from hypoxia. We conclude that CNGL channels and cGMP signaling are involved in the control of locomotor activity and the hypoxic response of adult Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiu
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Chengfeng Xiao
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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3
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Kanoh H, Iwashita S, Kuraishi T, Goto A, Fuse N, Ueno H, Nimura M, Oyama T, Tang C, Watanabe R, Hori A, Momiuchi Y, Ishikawa H, Suzuki H, Nabe K, Takagaki T, Fukuzaki M, Tong LL, Yamada S, Oshima Y, Aigaki T, Dow JAT, Davies SA, Kurata S. cGMP signaling pathway that modulates NF-κB activation in innate immune responses. iScience 2021; 24:103473. [PMID: 34988396 PMCID: PMC8710550 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that plays a central role in immune responses and inflammation. Here, we show that Drosophila NF-κB signaling is activated via a pathway in parallel with the Toll receptor by receptor-type guanylate cyclase, Gyc76C. Gyc76C produces cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and modulates NF-κB signaling through the downstream Tollreceptor components dMyd88, Pelle, Tube, and Dif/Dorsal (NF-κB). The cGMP signaling pathway comprises a membrane-localized cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) called DG2 and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and is crucial for host survival against Gram-positive bacterial infections in Drosophila. A membrane-bound cGK, PRKG2, also modulates NF-κB activation via PP2A in human cells, indicating that modulation of NF-κB activation in innate immunity by the cGMP signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved. Drosophila NF-κB signaling is activated by Gyc76C in parallel with the Toll receptor Gyc76C modulates NF-κB signaling through downstream Toll receptor components In Drosophila, the pathway comprises a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) and PP2A In human cells, a membrane-bound cGK, PRKG2, also modulates NF-κB signaling via PP2A
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kanoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinzo Iwashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kuraishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Goto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fuse
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Haruna Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mariko Nimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomohito Oyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Chang Tang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Aki Hori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Momiuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takagaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masataka Fukuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Li-Li Tong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sinya Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshiro Aigaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Julian A T Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shireen-Anne Davies
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shoichiro Kurata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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4
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de Lima TM, Nery LEM, Maciel FE, Ngo-Vu H, Kozma MT, Derby CD. Oxygen sensing in crustaceans: functions and mechanisms. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2021; 207:1-15. [PMID: 33392718 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Animals that live in changing environments need to adjust their metabolism to maintain body functions, and sensing these changing conditions is essential for mediating the short- and long-term physiological and behavioral responses that make these adjustments. Previous research on nematodes and insects facing changing oxygen levels has shown that these animals rapidly respond using atypical soluble guanylyl cyclases (sGCs) as oxygen sensors connected to downstream cGMP pathways, and they respond more slowly using hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) that are further modulated by oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases (PHs). Crustaceans are known to respond in different ways to hypoxia, but the mechanisms responsible for sensing oxygen levels are more poorly understood than in nematodes and insects. Our paper reviews the functions of and mechanisms underlying oxygen sensing in crustaceans. Furthermore, using the oxygen sensing abilities of nematodes and insects as guides in analyzing available crustacean transcriptomes, we identified orthologues of atypical sGCs, HIFs, and PHs in crustaceans, including in their chemosensory organs and neurons. These molecules include atypical sGCs activated by hypoxia (Gyc-88E/GCY-31 and Gyc-89D/GCY-33) but not those activated by hyperoxia (GCY-35, GCY-36), as well as orthologues of HIF-α, HIF-β, and PH. We offer possible directions for future research on oxygen sensing by crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tábata Martins de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-300, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-300, Brazil
| | - Fábio Everton Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-300, Brazil
| | - Hanh Ngo-Vu
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mihika T Kozma
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA
| | - Charles D Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Dias VS, Hallman GJ, Martínez-Barrera OY, Hurtado NV, Cardoso AAS, Parker AG, Caravantes LA, Rivera C, Araújo AS, Maxwell F, Cáceres-Barrios CE, Vreysen MJB, Myers SW. Modified Atmosphere Does Not Reduce the Efficacy of Phytosanitary Irradiation Doses Recommended for Tephritid Fruit Flies. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060371. [PMID: 32549285 PMCID: PMC7348963 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) has been successfully used to disinfest fresh commodities and facilitate international agricultural trade. Critical aspects that may reduce PI efficacy must be considered to ensure the consistency and effectiveness of approved treatment schedules. One factor that can potentially reduce PI efficacy is irradiation under low oxygen conditions. This factor is particularly important because storage and packaging of horticultural commodities under low oxygen levels constitute practices widely used to preserve their quality and extend their shelf life. Hence, international organizations and regulatory agencies have considered the uncertainties regarding the efficacy of PI doses for insects infesting fresh commodities stored under low oxygen levels as a rationale for restricting PI application under modified atmosphere. Our research examines the extent to which low oxygen treatments can reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation for tephritids naturally infesting fruits. The effects of normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (~5% O2), and severe hypoxia (< 0.5% O2) on radiation sensitivity of third instars of Anastrepha fraterculus (sensu lato), A. ludens (Loew), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were evaluated and compared at several gamma radiation doses. Our findings suggest that, compared to normoxia, hypoxic and severe-hypoxic conditioning before and during irradiation can increase adult emergence and contribute to advancement of larval development of tephritid fruit flies only at low radiation doses that are not used as phytosanitary treatments. With phytosanitary irradiation doses approved internationally for several tephritids, low oxygen treatments applied before and during irradiation did not increase the emergence rates of any fruit fly species evaluated, and all treated insects died as coarctate larvae. Thus, the findings of our research support a re-evaluation of restrictions related to phytosanitary irradiation application under modified atmospheres targeting tephritid fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S. Dias
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (G.J.H.)
| | - Guy J. Hallman
- Phytosanitation, 3917 Estancia Drive, Oceanside, CA 92058, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (G.J.H.)
| | - Olga Y. Martínez-Barrera
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Nick V. Hurtado
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Amanda A. S. Cardoso
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Andrew G. Parker
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Luis A. Caravantes
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Camilo Rivera
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Alexandre S. Araújo
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Florence Maxwell
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Carlos E. Cáceres-Barrios
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Marc J. B. Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Scott W. Myers
- USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Science and Technology, Otis Laboratory 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA;
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Qiang KM, Zhou F, Beckingham KM. A Burrowing/Tunneling Assay for Detection of Hypoxia in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29658928 PMCID: PMC5933256 DOI: 10.3791/57131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation in animals can result from exposure to low atmospheric oxygen levels or from internal tissue damage that interferes with oxygen distribution. It is also possible that aberrant behavior of oxygen-sensing neurons could induce hypoxia-like behavior in the presence of normal oxygen levels. In D. melanogaster, development at low oxygen levels results in inhibition of growth and sluggish behavior during the larval phases. However, these established manifestations of oxygen deficit overlap considerably with the phenotypes of many mutations that regulate growth, stress responses or locomotion. As result, there is currently no assay available to identify i) cellular hypoxia induced by a mutation or ii) hypoxia-like behavior when induced by abnormal neuronal behavior. We have recently identified two distinctive behaviors in D. melanogaster larvae that occur at normal oxygen levels in response to internal detection of hypoxia. First, at all stages, such larvae avoid burrowing into food, often straying far away from a food source. Second, tunneling into a soft substratum, which normally occurs during the wandering third instar stage is completely abolished if larvae are hypoxic. The assay described here is designed to detect and quantitate these behaviors and thus to provide a way to detect hypoxia induced by internal damage rather than low external oxygen. Assay plates with an agar substratum and a central plug of yeast paste are used to support animals through larval life. The positions and state of the larvae are tracked daily as they proceed from first to third instar. The extent of tunneling into the agar substratum during wandering phase is quantitated after pupation using NIH ImageJ. The assay will be of value in determining when hypoxia is a component of a mutant phenotype and thus provide insight into possible sites of action of the gene in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Qiang
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University; Yale Medical School
| | - Fanli Zhou
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
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7
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Kim D, Alvarez M, Lechuga LM, Louis M. Species-specific modulation of food-search behavior by respiration and chemosensation in Drosophila larvae. eLife 2017; 6:27057. [PMID: 28871963 PMCID: PMC5584988 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals explore their environment to encounter suitable food resources. Despite its vital importance, this behavior puts individuals at risk by consuming limited internal energy during locomotion. We have developed a novel assay to investigate how food-search behavior is organized in Drosophila melanogaster larvae dwelling in hydrogels mimicking their natural habitat. We define three main behavioral modes: resting at the gel's surface, digging while feeding near the surface, and apneic dives. In unstimulated conditions, larvae spend most of their time digging. By contrast, deep and long exploratory dives are promoted by olfactory stimulations. Hypoxia and chemical repellents impair diving. We report remarkable differences in the dig-and-dive behavior of D. melanogaster and the fruit-pest D. suzukii. The present paradigm offers an opportunity to study how sensory and physiological cues are integrated to balance the limitations of dwelling in imperfect environmental conditions and the risks associated with searching for potentially more favorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Kim
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthieu Louis
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
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8
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Zhou F, Qiang KM, Beckingham KM. Failure to Burrow and Tunnel Reveals Roles for jim lovell in the Growth and Endoreplication of the Drosophila Larval Tracheae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160233. [PMID: 27494251 PMCID: PMC4975476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila protein Jim Lovell (Lov) is a putative transcription factor of the BTB/POZ (Bric- a-Brac/Tramtrack/Broad/ Pox virus and Zinc finger) domain class that is expressed in many elements of the developing larval nervous system. It has roles in innate behaviors such as larval locomotion and adult courtship. In performing tissue-specific knockdown with the Gal4-UAS system we identified a new behavioral phenotype for lov: larvae failed to burrow into their food during their growth phase and then failed to tunnel into an agarose substratum during their wandering phase. We determined that these phenotypes originate in a previously unrecognized role for lov in the tracheae. By using tracheal-specific Gal4 lines, Lov immunolocalization and a lov enhancer trap line, we established that lov is normally expressed in the tracheae from late in embryogenesis through larval life. Using an assay that monitors food burrowing, substrate tunneling and death we showed that lov tracheal knockdown results in tracheal fluid-filling, producing hypoxia that activates the aberrant behaviors and inhibits development. We investigated the role of lov in the tracheae that initiates this sequence of events. We discovered that when lov levels are reduced, the tracheal cells are smaller, more numerous and show lower levels of endopolyploidization. Together our findings indicate that Lov is necessary for tracheal endoreplicative growth and that its loss in this tissue causes loss of tracheal integrity resulting in chronic hypoxia and abnormal burrowing and tunneling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Zhou
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Qiang
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Beckingham
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Ardeshiri R, Hosseini L, Amini N, Rezai P. Cardiac screening of intact Drosophila melanogaster larvae under exposure to aqueous and gaseous toxins in a microfluidic device. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a semi-automated microfluidic chip for orientation, immobilization, chemical exposure, and cardiac screening of 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ardeshiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- York University
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - L. Hosseini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- York University
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - N. Amini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- York University
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - P. Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- York University
- Toronto
- Canada
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Carrillo MA, Guillermin ML, Rengarajan S, Okubo RP, Hallem EA. O2-sensing neurons control CO2 response in C. elegans. J Neurosci 2013; 33:9675-83. [PMID: 23739964 PMCID: PMC3721734 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4541-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory behaviors are often flexible, allowing animals to generate context-appropriate responses to changing environmental conditions. To investigate the neural basis of behavioral flexibility, we examined the regulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) response in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. CO2 is a critical sensory cue for many animals, mediating responses to food, conspecifics, predators, and hosts (Scott, 2011; Buehlmann et al., 2012; Chaisson and Hallem, 2012). In C. elegans, CO2 response is regulated by the polymorphic neuropeptide receptor NPR-1: animals with the N2 allele of npr-1 avoid CO2, whereas animals with the Hawaiian (HW) allele or an npr-1 loss-of-function (lf) mutation appear virtually insensitive to CO2 (Hallem and Sternberg, 2008; McGrath et al., 2009). Here we show that ablating the oxygen (O2)-sensing URX neurons in npr-1(lf) mutants restores CO2 avoidance, suggesting that NPR-1 enables CO2 avoidance by inhibiting URX neurons. URX was previously shown to be activated by increases in ambient O2 (Persson et al., 2009; Zimmer et al., 2009; Busch et al., 2012). We find that, in npr-1(lf) mutants, O2-induced activation of URX inhibits CO2 avoidance. Moreover, both HW and npr-1(lf) animals avoid CO2 under low O2 conditions, when URX is inactive. Our results demonstrate that CO2 response is determined by the activity of O2-sensing neurons and suggest that O2-dependent regulation of CO2 avoidance is likely to be an ecologically relevant mechanism by which nematodes navigate gas gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Carrillo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Manon L. Guillermin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Sophie Rengarajan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ryo P. Okubo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Elissa A. Hallem
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Mandilaras K, Pathmanathan T, Missirlis F. Iron absorption in Drosophila melanogaster. Nutrients 2013; 5:1622-47. [PMID: 23686013 PMCID: PMC3708341 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The way in which Drosophila melanogaster acquires iron from the diet remains poorly understood despite iron absorption being of vital significance for larval growth. To describe the process of organismal iron absorption, consideration needs to be given to cellular iron import, storage, export and how intestinal epithelial cells sense and respond to iron availability. Here we review studies on the Divalent Metal Transporter-1 homolog Malvolio (iron import), the recent discovery that Multicopper Oxidase-1 has ferroxidase activity (iron export) and the role of ferritin in the process of iron acquisition (iron storage). We also describe what is known about iron regulation in insect cells. We then draw upon knowledge from mammalian iron homeostasis to identify candidate genes in flies. Questions arise from the lack of conservation in Drosophila for key mammalian players, such as ferroportin, hepcidin and all the components of the hemochromatosis-related pathway. Drosophila and other insects also lack erythropoiesis. Thus, systemic iron regulation is likely to be conveyed by different signaling pathways and tissue requirements. The significance of regulating intestinal iron uptake is inferred from reports linking Drosophila developmental, immune, heat-shock and behavioral responses to iron sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mandilaras
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Tharse Pathmanathan
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN, IPN Avenue 2508, Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN, IPN Avenue 2508, Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +52-55-5747-3963; Fax: +52-55-5747-5713
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Ma DK, Ringstad N. The neurobiology of sensing respiratory gases for the control of animal behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:246-253. [PMID: 22876258 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-1219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic metabolism is fundamental for almost all animal life. Cellular consumption of oxygen (O(2)) and production of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) signal metabolic states and physiological stresses. These respiratory gases are also detected as environmental cues that can signal external food quality and the presence of prey, predators and mates. In both contexts, animal nervous systems are endowed with mechanisms for sensing O(2)/CO(2) to trigger appropriate behaviors and maintain homeostasis of internal O(2)/CO(2). Although different animal species show different behavioral responses to O(2)/CO(2), some underlying molecular mechanisms and pathways that function in the detection of respiratory gases are fundamentally similar and evolutionarily conserved. Studies of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have identified roles for cyclic nucleotide signaling and the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional pathway in mediating behavioral responses to respiratory gases. Understanding how simple invertebrate nervous systems detect respiratory gases to control behavior might reveal general principles common to nematodes, insects and vertebrates that function in the molecular sensing of respiratory gases and the neural control of animal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke K Ma
- Department of Biology, and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Active sensation during orientation behavior in the Drosophila larva: more sense than luck. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2011; 22:208-15. [PMID: 22169055 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila larva demonstrates a sophisticated repertoire of behavior under the control of a numerically simple neural system. Historically, the stereotyped responses of larvae to light and odors captivated the attention of biologists. More recently, the sensory receptors responsible for chemosensation, thermosensation, and vision have been identified. While our understanding of the molecular logic of perception has clearly progressed, little is known about the neural and computational mechanisms guiding movement in sensory gradients. Here we review evidence that larvae orient based on active sensation-a feature distinct from the strategies used by simpler model organisms. Reorientation maneuvers are controlled by the spatiotemporal integration of changes in stimulus intensity detected during runs and lateral head movements.
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