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Mignani S, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Tomás H, Majoral JP. Dendrimer nanoplatforms for veterinary medicine applications: A concise overview. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1251-1260. [PMID: 34999213 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the nanoparticle (NP) space, dendrimers are becoming increasingly important in the field of nanomedicine, not only to treat human diseases, but also in veterinary medicine, which represents a new therapeutic approach. Major applications include using dendrimers to tackle highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and swine fever virus (SFV) in pigs, FMDV in cattle, hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) in dogs, rabies, and H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. As we review here, intramuscular (im) subcutaneous (sc), intravenous (iv), and intraperitoneal (ip) routes of administration can be used for the successful application of dendrimers in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, Rue des Saints Peres, 75006 Paris, France; CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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Mignani S, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Tomás H, Majoral JP. Dendrimer nanoplatforms for veterinary medicine applications: A concise overview. Drug Discov Today 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Seroconversion after three doses of intramuscular rabies vaccine as a post-exposure treatment. Virus Res 2020; 278:197883. [PMID: 31981771 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is still threatening half of the world's population with the global burden of canine rabies being estimated as 59,000 human deaths, annually. With no cure existing for clinical rabies, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the only certain means to save lives of the exposed people. In Iran, bite incidences exceed 180,000 per year, where all victims receive 5 vaccine doses for PEP, conforming to the Essen regimen. More than two-thirds of the exposed individuals stop receiving treatments after day 7, for the reason of being exposed to a non-rabid dog or cat. According to the national standard protocols, these individuals should re-start a complete 5-dose PEP course upon the re-exposure. New WHO recommendations based on scientific data is encouraging revisions to the existing prophylaxis programs. In order to know if an incomplete Essen regimen can provide adequate immunity, in the present study, 5 groups of individuals who had only received 3 first doses of the Essen regimen within the previous 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months were examined for immunity against rabies. Our results indicated sufficient anti-rabies neutralizing antibody in all individuals, before and after receiving two standard booster doses (i.e. days 0 and 3). This might also suggest the adequacy of the 3 first doses of vaccination, as a one-week long post-exposure vaccination program.
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Golahdooz M, Eybpoosh S, Bashar R, Taherizadeh M, Pourhossein B, Shirzadi M, Amiri B, Fazeli M. Comparison of Immune Responses following Intradermal and Intramuscular Rabies Vaccination Methods. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.6.4.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Kessels JA, Recuenco S, Navarro-Vela AM, Deray R, Vigilato M, Ertl H, Durrheim D, Rees H, Nel LH, Abela-Ridder B, Briggs D. Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2016; 95:210-219C. [PMID: 28250534 PMCID: PMC5328107 DOI: 10.2471/blt.16.173039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the safety and immunogenicity of pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis (including accelerated schedules, co-administration with other vaccines and booster doses), its cost-effectiveness and recommendations for use, particularly in high-risk settings. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases for papers on pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis published between 2007 and 29 January 2016. We reviewed field data from pre-exposure prophylaxis campaigns in Peru and the Philippines. FINDINGS Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis was safe and immunogenic in children and adults, also when co-administered with routine childhood vaccinations and the Japanese encephalitis vaccine. The evidence available indicates that shorter regimens and regimens involving fewer doses are safe and immunogenic and that booster intervals could be extended up to 10 years. The few studies on cost suggest that, at current vaccine and delivery costs, pre-exposure prophylaxis campaigns would not be cost-effective in most situations. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis has been advocated for high-risk populations, only Peru and the Philippines have implemented appropriate national programmes. In the future, accelerated regimens and novel vaccines could simplify delivery and increase affordability. CONCLUSION Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis is safe and immunogenic and should be considered: (i) where access to postexposure prophylaxis is limited or delayed; (ii) where the risk of exposure is high and may go unrecognized; and (iii) where controlling rabies in the animal reservoir is difficult. Pre-exposure prophylaxis should not distract from canine vaccination efforts, provision of postexposure prophylaxis or education to increase rabies awareness in local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn A Kessels
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Via Warrego Highway, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Sergio Recuenco
- National Centre for Public Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Maria Navarro-Vela
- Directorate General of Strategic Interventions in Public Health, Ministry of Health, Lima, Peru
| | - Raffy Deray
- Diseases Prevention and Control Bureau, Department of Health, Manilla, Philippines
| | - Marco Vigilato
- Veterinary Public Health Unit, Pan American Health Organisation-World Health Organisation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hildegund Ertl
- Wistar Institute Vaccine Center, Philadelphia, United States of America (USA)
| | - David Durrheim
- Hunter Medical Research Institution, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Helen Rees
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Louis H Nel
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Deborah Briggs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
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Abstract
Rabies is an acute, rapidly progressive encephalitis that is almost always fatal. Prophylaxis is highly effective but economics limits disease control. The mechanism of death from rabies is unclear. It is poorly cytopathic and poorly inflammatory. Rabies behaves like an acquired metabolic disorder. There may be a continuum of disease severity. History of animal bite is rare. The diagnosis is often missed. Intermittent encephalopathy, dysphagia, hydrophobia and aerophobia, and focal paresthesias or myoclonic jerks suggest rabies. Laboratory diagnosis is cumbersome but sensitive. Treatment is controversial but survivors are increasingly reported, with good outcomes in 4 of 8 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney E Willoughby
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, C450, PO Box 1997, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1997, USA.
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Muyila DI, Aloni MN, Lose-Ekanga MJ, Nzita JM, Kalala-Mbikay A, Bongo HL, Esako MN, Malonga-Biapi JP, Mputu-Dibwe B, Aloni ML, Ekila MB. Human rabies: a descriptive observation of 21 children in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Pathog Glob Health 2015; 108:317-22. [PMID: 25417907 DOI: 10.1179/2047773214y.0000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human rabies has recently emerged as a significant public health threat in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). However, there is little epidemiological information on human rabies especially in children. METHODS We performed at Pediatrics Department of General Reference hospital of Kinshasa between December 2008 and July 2009, a retrospective study to assess the incidence and to describe their clinical aspects and outcome. RESULTS A total of 21 cases were observed, rather three cases per month. There were 12 boys (57·1%) and 9 girls (42·9%). Biting animal was found to be dog in all cases (100%). The dog was not immunized in all of cases. On admission, all patients (100%) showed furious rabies manifestations. Only two (9·5%) had their wounds treated and received an anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) after the bite incident. Two (9·5%) patients received rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). The case-fatality rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS The disease emerges as a new major public health problem because of a lack of knowledge regarding rabies risk, the poor management of dog bites. Preventative vaccination for rabies should be recommended in the population of Kinshasa, area at high risk to contract rabies, particularly in children.
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Xiang ZQ, Greenberg L, Ertl HC, Rupprecht CE. Protection of non-human primates against rabies with an adenovirus recombinant vaccine. Virology 2014; 450-451:243-9. [PMID: 24503087 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rabies remains a major neglected global zoonosis. New vaccine strategies are needed for human rabies prophylaxis. A single intramuscular immunization with a moderate dose of an experimental chimpanzee adenovirus (Ad) vector serotype SAd-V24, also termed AdC68, expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein, resulted in sustained titers of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and protection against a lethal rabies virus challenge infection in a non-human primate model. Taken together, these data demonstrate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the recombinant Ad-rabies vector for further consideration in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Xiang
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - L Greenberg
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - H C Ertl
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - C E Rupprecht
- The Global Alliance for Rabies Control, Manhattan, KS, United States; Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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Ravish HS, Vijayashankar V, Madhusudana SN, Sudarshan MK, Narayana DHA, Andanaiah G, Ashwin BY, Rachana AR, Shamanna M. Safety and Immunogenicity of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (VaxiRab N) administered intradermally as post exposure prophylaxis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:2433-7. [PMID: 25424951 PMCID: PMC4896796 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The affordability to rabies vaccine for intramuscular administration in post exposure prophylaxis is a major constraint. Therefore, in countries, where there are financial constraints, World Health Organization recommends intradermal rabies vaccination that reduces the quantity and cost of vaccination. This study was done to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of indigenously developed rabies vaccine (VaxiRab N) in comparison to a WHO recommended rabies vaccine (Rabipur) with demonstrated efficacy when administered by intradermal route using updated Thai Red Cross regimen. Eighty-six dog bite cases were randomly given either VaxiRab N (n = 43) or Rabipur (n = 43) as post exposure prophylaxis. The rabies virus neutralizing antibody concentrations on days 14, 28, 90, and 180 were tested by modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. The geometric mean RVNA concentration of both the groups were compared using t- test and was found that, P value > 0.05 on all days, thus showing no significant difference between the 2 groups. The adverse drug events were also compared using Z-test and was found to be not statistically significant (Z = 1.476, P = 0.139). In conclusion, VaxiRab N was found to be safe and effective in post exposure prophylaxis by intradermal route and was similar to the WHO recommended rabies vaccine (Rabipur) of demonstrated efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardanahalli S Ravish
- Department of Community Medicine; Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Banashankari 2nd stage; Bangalore, India
| | - Veena Vijayashankar
- Department of Community Medicine; BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences; Uttarahalli; Kengeri; Bangalore, India
| | - Shampur N Madhusudana
- Department of Neurovirology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore, India
| | - Mysore K Sudarshan
- Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Banashankari 2nd stage; Bangalore, India
| | - Doddabele HA Narayana
- Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Banashankari 2nd stage; Bangalore, India
| | - Gangaboraiah Andanaiah
- Department of Community Medicine; Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Banashankari 2nd stage; Bangalore, India
| | - Belludi Y Ashwin
- Department of Neurovirology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore, India
| | - Annadani R Rachana
- Department of Community Medicine; Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Banashankari 2nd stage; Bangalore, India
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Gozdas HT, Karabay O. Safety of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (Vaxirab N) after pre-exposure prophylaxis against rabies in children: is only adverse event profile enough? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:317-8. [PMID: 24113798 PMCID: PMC4185915 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Tahsin Gozdas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology; Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine; Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Oguz Karabay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology; Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine; Sakarya, Turkey
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